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2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区华南师大附中、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区华南师大附中、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校高三（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共22页。试卷主要包含了He was right等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区华南师大附中、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校高三（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
This summer，may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book？It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach.Here are five brand new beach reads brimming with sunshine sand，romance and secret.
Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan Higgins
Kristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes.The nurse has always put others first.But when her son's departure for college coincides with her husband leaving her，life presents the perfect time to try to get herself back.
The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt
Cassandra Hartt's debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine，in a fictional town eroding into the ocean.Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.
The Counselors by Jessica Goodman
What could be better than a juicy tale of friends at a prestigious summer camp.This fast-paced young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake，will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.
Dog Friendly by Victoria Schade
Pet lovers，cat your heart out.The latest novel from dog trainer and author Victoria Schade features an overworked vet，Morgan Pearce，who escapes to Nantucket to recharge while taking care of her client's dog.Unexpected romance is in store for her.
The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin Harmel
Now available in paperback，the author tells a page-turning novel about a woman who，after being kidnapped，finds herself isolated and living in the wilderness of Eastern Europe during World War II.In an unexpected turn of events，she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.
1. Who are these books probably recommended to？ ______
A. People taking a plane.
B. People working on the beach.
C. People going on holiday.
D. People longing to live by the sea.
2. Which of the following would you choose if you favour stories about teenage life？ ______
A. The Counselors and Dog Friendly.
B. The Sea is Salt and so Am I and The Counselors.
C. The Counselors and The Forest of Vanishing Stars.
D. Out of the Clear Blue Sky and The Sea is Salt and so Am I.
3. What do these books have in common？ ______
A. They are mainly fictional.
B. They are heartwarming tales.
C. They are tales set in coastal areas.
D. They are exploring the same theme.
B
Once on a dark winter's day，when the yellow fog hung so thick and heavy in the streets of London that the lamps were lighted and the shop windows blazed with gas as they do at night，a Little girl sat in a cab with her father and was driven rather slowly through the big thoroughfares.
She leaned against her father，who held her in his arm，as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer （strange，odd） old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.
Principally，she was thinking of what a queer thing it was that at one time one was in India in the blazing sun，and then in the middle of the ocean，and then driving in a strange vehicle through strange streets where the day was as dark as the night.She found this so puzzling that she moved closer to her father.
"What is it.darling？" Captain Crewe asked，holding her closer and looking down into her face.
During her short life only one thing had troubled her，and that thing was "the place" she was to be taken to some day.The climate of India was very bad for children，and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school.She bad seen other children go away，and had heard their fathers and mothers talk about the letters they received from them1.She had known that she would be obliged to go also，and though sometimes her father's stories of the voyage and the new country had attracted her，she had been troubled by the thought that he could not stay with her.
She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.She did not care very much for other little girls，but if she had plenty of books she could herself.
It was a big，dull，brick house，exactly like all the others in its row，but that on the front door there shone a brass plate on which was engraved in black letters：
MISS MINCHIN，Select Seminary for Young Ladies.
"I don't like it，papa， " she said. "But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-don't really like going into battle. " Sara stood quietly，with her eyes fixed upon Miss Minchin's face.She was thinking something odd，as usual.
4. What can we learn from the story？ ______
A. Sara was bothered by her departure from her father.
B. Sara was about to be sent to London for a completely new life.
C. Sara was thinking of a way to escape being sent to a foreign country.
D. Sara was persuaded to receive further education in a prestigious school.
5. What does the underlined word "console" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ ______
A. entertain B. occupy C. comfort D. improve
6. What does Sara probably think of her' future in the new place？ ______
A. She didn't mind living with other girls.
B. She hated the idea of living independently.
C. She was positive about the new life at school.
D. She was confident to adapt to the new environment.
7. Which of the following writing skills is employed in the text？ ______
A. The author compares Sara's bravery to that of the soldiers.
B. The description of the surroundings is to add horror to the story.
C. The image of Sara is depicted through appearance and language.
D. Body language is employed to show the character's state of mind.
C
Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats.
If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time，we would discover，in reviewing them，that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass.This means that most of the time we devote to worrying，which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us，is wasted，Thus，we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain，but took up valuable minutes and hours that could've been spent elsewhere.
To avoid this，it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry.More importantly，we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us.Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidicolous，for the problems do not exist.Once，shortly before a major concert，a member of Arturo Toscanini's orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. "Maestro （大师）， "the musician said， "my instrument is not working properly.I cannot reach the note of E-flat.Whatever will I do？We are to begin in a few moments. " Toscanini looked at the man with amazement.Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. "My friend， " he replied， "Do not worry about it.The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. "
The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.
8. What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs？ ______
A. It requires people to record and review the trouble later.
B. It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.
C. Il's referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.
D. It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.
9. The example of the orchestra mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to argue that ______ .
A. the note E-flat does not appear in the music
B. wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculous
C. it's not wise to be disturbed by something imaginary
D. a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively
10. What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A. Arturo Toscanini was a great Italian musician from Italy.
B. Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.
C. Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.
D. People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.
11. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The source of worry. B. How to deal with worry.
C. The definition of worry. D. How worry affects people.
D
One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars.Even when you have a strong public transport system inmoving people between population hubs，the last mile - that section between the railway station and someone's home，for example - can lead to car use if it's considered too far or too dangerous to walk.
The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood （LTN）- where cars are banned from quieter 'rat runs' （偏僻小路）to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK.LTNs attempt to filter out cars from residential streets using bollards，camera-controlled gates or even planters full of flowers placed across the road，while pedestrians，cyclists and emergency vehicles can still pass.
Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that "driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian1，and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist，compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road， " and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation.LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.
Also popular are e-scooter hie trials，which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough，Bristol and Chelmsford.The trials see gaggles of electric scooters available to be picked up from street corners.The scooters are hired using an app and then，once they're finished with，parked elsewhere inside the trial area，where they're collected and recharged by the hiring company.A Department of Transport report on e-scooter use found they were "widely perceived to have environmental and convenience benefits， " but suffered from comparisons to children's toys.
But that's not all.The world's first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year.The taxis and drones based at the hub all take off and land vertically like helicopters and are being used to travel short journeys or deliver cargo.
Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car.
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？ ______
A. People are considered reliant on cars to travel.
B. Public transport system still needs improvement.
C. Pollution from cars has an impact on people's life quality.
D. Residential areas are usually far away from the railway station.
13. What do we know about the idea of an LTN？ ______
A. It's a way to encourage social interaction and local business.
B. It's a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.
C. It's a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.
D. It's a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.
14. What's the structure of the text？ ______
P=Paragraph
A. A B. B C. C D. D
15. What's the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To call on readers to construct a healthier city.
B. To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.
C. To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.
D. To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems.
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of "muscle memory"，the result of a motor learning. (1) It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves.In one study of mice，the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training，those extra nuclei aren't lost during subsequent periods of inactivity.Once you have got additional nuclei，you are banking the capacity. (2)
In fact，a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to reach the post-training level.But how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially，how long the layoff was.how old you are and how long you'd been exercising.
(3) It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness.And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training.The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing，and then gradually increase in terms of duration，frequency，then intensity. (4)
Ultimately，muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. (5) You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.
A.The best way to tap into it is to "get back on the horse".
B.Physiologists，on the other hand，define it in a different way.
C.This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting.
D That is to say，we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought.
E It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.
F It is evident that the more you exercise，the more muscle memory savings you will have.
G All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The most important life lesson I've learned from running is to run at my own pace.This lesson has guided me in many ways. (21)， it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor for life.I realized this while (22)for a marathon to celebrate my 60 m birthday.All the other runners being faster than me made me (23) .But my coach shared
some valuable advice：run at your own best pace.Setting a goal or target time could be a (24).He was right. (25)，I ran more easily and faster.I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have (26) this principle to other areas of my life.Finding a rhythm is not about (27)or how many things I can get done in a day.It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations，including what it meant to be a strong runner.But expectations also (28) to other areas of life，including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can (29) how leisure time is spent，decisions about employment.and even the role of a (30).
I used to think it was young people who bore the brunt（冲击）of (31)， but older adults can experience it too.This is (32)， because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.
That is the message my running coach was trying to convey. (33) what others are doing.
Their pace is not (34) the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It's not better or worse -only (35) .
21. A. In turn B. In particular C. In advance D. In depth
22. A. training B. struggling C. competing D. searching
23. A. pitiful B. grateful C. impressed D. embarrassed
24. A. resolution B. practice C. limitation D. motivation
25. A. Against time B. Ahead of time C. Of all time D. Over time
26. A. exposed B. compared C. applied D. suggested
27. A. music B. business C. requirement D. efficiency
28. A. subscribe B. extend C. contribute D. refer
29. A. center on B. hope for C. decide on D. call for
30. A. boss B. grandparent C. athlete D. citizen
31. A. peer pressure B. separation anxiety
C. sleeping disorder D. age discrimination
32. A. natural B. unacceptable C. ironic D. significant
33. A. Mind B. Expect C. Forget D. Abandon
34. A. basically B. gradually C. alternatively D. necessarily
35. A. different B. amazing C. common D. fair
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The once-futuristic idea of sequencing every newborn child's DNA to screen for genes that could shape their future health is being put to two major tests.The United Kingdom this week announced plans to sequence the genomes（基因组）of 100，000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year.In New York City，a similar project (1) （ screen）100，000 babies.
The goal is to catch treatable diseases that standard newborn screening cannot detect. (2) sequencing delivers an early warning of a problem，the baby could receive care that prevents permanent disability or even death.
But sequencing the full genomes of new-borns raises a host of ethical questions，including (3) will get access to the data，and whether (4) will needlessly worry parents by revealing genes that may never cause serious illness. "We're really aware of the (5) （ complex） of the questions， " says Richard Scott，chief medical officer for Genomics England，the government-funded company (6) （ run） the U.K.project.At the same time，he says， "There is a really pressing need" to detect more childhood diseases.
In many countries， (7) drop of blood from every newborn's heel is screened，using mostly biochemical (8) （ test），for up to several dozen genetic diseases.They range from metabolic disorders (9) can be treated with a special diet to muscle diseases that have drug treatments.Whole-genome sequencing，which is much (10) （ costly）-up to ﹩1000，could detect many more disorders，such as thyroid conditions that can cause brain damage.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是李华。你校上周五举行了有关个人职业生涯规划的活动。请你为学校英文刊物"Campus Weekly"写一篇活动报道。内容包括：
（1）活动内容及过程；
（2）活动反响。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Stepping Stone to Career_______
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Morty was checking out his library books when it caught his eye-a poster for Adventure Rocks Kids Camp. "Check this out!" Morty called to Ben and Fred as he grabbed three brochures and dashed to catch up with his best buddies.They all stopped，books in hands，to stare at the pictures of kids flying above canyons suspended from zip lines.They instantly believed the brochure's headline：Summer won't be complete until you Take it to the Limit at Adventure Rocks Kids Camp.
Ben broke the silence， "We have less than two weeks until registration opens，and it says the camp fills up fast. " Then an idea popped into Morty's head. "Why don't we sell lemonade and snacks by the side of the road？We can pool our allowance savings for the camp. " "That's a great Idea， "Ben said.
The sun had barely come up on Saturday morning when the kids set up their business.They chose a spot，asked permission from the homeowner，and then asked to use her garden hose for water to make lemonade.
Their business went smoothly until Ben announced that they had a comparatively small stock of lemons shortly after noon.Morty decided to make their stock go further. "Fred，when the jug gets down to one-fourth full，just fill it to the top with the water hose. " Morty was thinking out loud， "I'll change the sign and charge 30 more cents for each cup of lemonade. " Their business went on and the three were secretly proud of the little tricks they had done.
Just as Morty finished refilling the jug with water for the third time，a vehicle rounded the comer.Morty saw the minivan with his father at the wheel and his family inside.They pulled up to the sidewalk，and his brothers and sisters jumped out，each clutching a coin or two.They were eager to support their brother's bustling business.Morty's family bought the last of the brownies and drank the last drop of watered-down lemonade.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡得相应位置作答。
Morty's father frowned at the sip of the lemonade.
______
They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week.
______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的This summer，may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book？It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach.Here are five brand new beach reads brimming with sunshine sand，romance and secret.（今年夏天，我们是否可以建议你把手机调到飞行模式，沉浸在书中？在沙滩上蜷缩在你最喜欢的椅子上看书是个好主意。这里有五个全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密。）可知，这些书是推荐给那些在海边度假的人。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt下的段落中的Cassandra Hartt's debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine，in a fictional town eroding into the ocean.Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.（卡桑德拉•哈特的处女作是一部青少年小说，故事发生在缅因州海岸，一个虚构的小镇被海水侵蚀。通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历。）可知，如果你喜欢关于青少年生活的故事，可以看The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据小标题Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan Higgins部分中的Kristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes.（克里斯坦•希金斯讲述了一个温暖而幽默的故事，讲述了一个空巢老人正在经历一些重大的生活变化。）以及小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt部分中的Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.（通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历。）以及小标题The Counselors by Jessica Goodman部分中的This fast-paced young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake，will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.（这部以虚构的阿尔卑斯湖营地为背景的快节奏青少年惊悚片，会让你在悬念中翻页，同时感觉对篝火的渴望。）和小标题Dog Friendly by Victoria Schade部分中的Unexpected romance is in store for her.（意想不到的浪漫正等着她。）以及小标题The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin Harmel部分中的In an unexpected turn of events，she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.（在一个意想不到的转折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃离纳粹德国的犹太人如何在森林里生存。）可知，这些书有共同的主题：生活中总会遇到一些出乎预料的事。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了五本全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】D、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第五段The climate of India was very bad for children，and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school. （印度的气候对孩子们来说非常糟糕，他们很快就被送往英国和学校）"，"She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.（她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书——这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的"地方"去实现它，她必须下定决心去。）以及倒数第二段MISS MINCHIN，Select Seminary for Young Ladies.（MINCHIN女士，为年轻女士选择神学院。）可知，小女孩必须得去英国接受进一步的教育，这是父母们所希望的。尽管她不想去，但是这是她做自己想做的事情之前必须要做的事情。所以小女孩决定去英国的一个神学院接受进一步的教育。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第六段She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.She did not care very much for other little girls，but if she had plenty of books she could herself.（她喜欢这样想。为她父亲打理家务，和他一起骑马，在他举行宴会时坐在他餐桌的首位，和他聊天，读他的书——这是她在世界上最希望的事情，如果一个人必须到英国的"那个地方"去才能得到它，她必须下定决心去。她不太关心其他小女孩，但如果她有很多书，她可以______自己。）可知，小女孩并不想去英国读书，但是她必须要去。在那里她可能不认识其她的小女孩，但是书可以安慰她寂寞的心灵。故换线单词的意思为"安慰"。A.entertain娱乐；B.occupy占据；C.comfort安慰；D.improve提高。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"I don't like it，papa， " she said. "But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-don't really like going into battle. "（我不喜欢，爸爸，"她说。"但我敢说，士兵们——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜欢参加战斗。"）可知，小女孩虽然不喜欢这个地方，但是她相信她会像一个勇敢的士兵一样，去克服自己的困难。由此可推知，小女孩有信心去适应新的环境。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段She leaned against her father，who held her in his arm，as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer （strange，odd） old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.（她靠在父亲的身上，父亲把她搂在怀里，她用一双奇怪的、古怪的、老式的体贴的大眼睛凝视着窗外的路人。）可推知，作者使用了肢体语言，来描述作者现在的心里状态。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公去英国求学的故事背景。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8~11.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats. （忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁。）和第二段This means that most of the time we devote to worrying，which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us，is wasted，Thus，we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain，but took up valuable minutes and hours that could've been spent elsewhere. （这意味着我们花在担忧上的大部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰我们的问题的方法。因此，我们不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小时。）可知，从前两段可以推知担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段To avoid this，it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry.More importantly，we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us.Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidicolous，for the problems do not exist.（为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻找担忧的根源。更重要的是，我们应该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并不存在。）可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选 C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情上。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选 B。
本文是说明文。本文通过分析人们产出忧虑的原因给出了解决忧虑的方法。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第与段One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate：people from their cars. （为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之与就是将人们与汽车分开。）可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that"driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian，and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist，compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road，" and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation.LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. （积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，"与在城市与级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶与英里，导致儿童行人死亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍 "，居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这与危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。
（3）篇章结构题。根据第与段One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate：people from their cars. （为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之-就是将人们与汽车分开。）可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段 The idea of allow-traffic neighbourhood （LTN） - where cars are banned from quieter°rat runs' （偏僻小路） to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. （低交通量社区（LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的 "老鼠跑道"上行驶，以保证它们在主干道上行驶），第四段Also popular are e-scooter hie trials，which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough，Bristol and Chelmsford. （试行电子滑板车租赁也很受欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。）和第五段But that's not all.The world's first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year. （但这还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。）可知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；根据第三段LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. （LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）可知，第三段延续第二段，继续讨论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。
（4）目的意图题。根据本文最后一段Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car. （让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导地位。）可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们过于依赖汽车，这不利于健康城市的建设，因此需要解除对汽车的依赖，并提出三个措施。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】B、A、G、E、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of "muscle memory"，the result of a motor learning.（人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒球作为"肌肉记忆"的例子，这是运动机能学习的结果）指出人们用举例子的方法给"肌肉记忆"下定义，B项"Physiologists，on the other hand，define it in a different way.（另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。）"指出生物学家给"肌肉记忆"下了定义，其中"it"代指上文"muscle memory"，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文Once you have got additional nuclei，you are banking the capacity.（一旦你有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量。）指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，指出我们应该如何做才能挖掘出自己的能量，A项"The best way to tap into it is to "get back on the horse".（最好的方法就是"重新振作起来"。）"符合语境，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据上文But how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially，how long the layoff was.how old you are and how long you'd been exercising.（但是你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间。）提到一项研究指出要恢复到之前的水平，需要考虑最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间，你多大了，锻炼了多长时间几个方面，下文It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness.（这意味当谈到恢复您以前的健康水平时，你仍然有一个明显的优势。）指出你仍然有优势恢复到之前的水平，空出应该承上启下，G项"All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.（所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对于那些脱离健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的。）"符合语境，"All this news"指上文提到的"你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间"，"fell off the fitness scheme"和下文"your former level of fitness"相呼应，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing，and then gradually increase in terms of duration，frequency，then intensity.（恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从一个低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度。）指出恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度这些要素，空处应该承接上文，继续谈论如何恢复肌肉记忆，E项"It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.（通常情况下，每周或每两周将这些要素增加5%是安全的。）"符合语境，其中"these elements"代指上文"duration，frequency，then intensity"，故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文Ultimately，muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.（归根结底，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报。）指出肌肉记忆和你之前的付出的关系，肌肉记忆是你过去学习的回报，空处应该承接上文，F项"It is evident that the more you exercise，the more muscle memory savings you will have.（很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。）"符合语境，继续解释肌肉记忆与你之前的锻炼的关系，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肌肉记忆是一种你先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量的现象，它是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报，之前你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、D、B、D、C、D、B、A、B、A、A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.In turn轮流；B.In particular特别；C.In advance提前；D.In depth深入地。句意：特别是，它让我挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。根据前文This lesson has guided me in many ways.以及后文提示it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.可知，跑步在很多方面指导作者，"特别"是让作者挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.training培训；B.struggling奋斗；C.competing参加比赛；D.searching搜索。句意：我是在参加马拉松比赛庆祝我的60岁生日时意识到这一点的。根据后文All the other runners being faster than me made me （3）可知，作者是在参加比赛。故选C。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.pitiful可怜的：B.grateful感激的；C.impressed印象深刻的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。句意：其他选手都比我跑得快，这使我很尴尬。根据前文All the other runners being faster than me并结合常识可知，其他所有选手都比我快，这使我尴尬。故选D。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.resolution决心；B.practice练习；C.limitation限制；D.motivation动力。句意：设定一个目标或目标时间可以是一种练习。根据前文Setting a goal or target time以及后文I ran more easily and faster.并结合常识可知，设立目标或者目标时间去练习，然后作者跑得更轻松更快了。故选B。
（5）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.Against time尽快地，争分夺秒地；B.Ahead of time提前；C.Of all time始终；D.Over time随着时间的过去。句意：随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松更快了。根据后文I ran more easily and faster."可知，作者跑得更轻松更快了，但是需要时间，才能有这种感觉。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.compared比较；C.applied应用；D.suggested建议。句意：我把这个原则应用到我生活的其他方面。根据后文to other areas of my life可知，是作者把"run at your own best pace"这个原则应用到生活的其他方面。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.music音乐；B.business商业；C.requirement要求；D.efficiency效率。句意：找到节奏与效率无关，也与一天能做多少事无关。根据后文how many things I can get done in a day可知，此处是指效率。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.subscribe订阅；B.extend延伸，扩大；C.contribute贡献；D.refer涉及。句意：但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。根据后文including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.可知，此处表达"期望也延伸到生活的其他领域"之意。故选B。
（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.center on着重在；B.hope for期待；C.decide on决定；D.call for要求，呼吁。句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。根据前文including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.可知，期望告诉人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么，所以此处是说作者这个年龄主要想做什么。故选A。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.boss老板；B.grandparent祖父母；C.athlete运动员；D.citizen公民。句意：句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。根据前文I realized this while （2）for a marathon to celebrate my 60 m birthday.可知，作者已经60岁了，所以是期望成为祖父母。故选B。
（11）考直名词短语及语境理解。A.peer pressure同辈压力；B.separation anxiety分离焦虑；C.sleeping disorder睡眠障碍；D.age discrimination年龄歧视。句意：我过去认为是年轻人承受了同龄人的压力，但老年人也会经历这种压力。根据后文because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.可知，"我们"这个年纪的人不关心别人的看法，给他人压力。故选A。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.natural自然的；B.unacceptable不可接受的；C.ironic讽刺的；D.significant重要的。句意：这是很自然的，因为通常在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法。根据后文because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.并结合常识可知，在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法，是很自然的事情。故选A。
（13）考耷动词短语及语境理解。A.Mind介意；B.Expect预计；C.Forget忘记；D.Abandon遗弃。句意：忘记别人在做什么。根据前文But my coach shared some valuable advice：run at your own best pace.可知，作者教练建议作者用自己的速度跑，所以是忘记别人在做什么，做好自己就行。故选C。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.basically基本上；B.gradually逐步地；C.alternatively或者；D.necessarily必然地。句意：他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度。根据后文Run in your own way.可知，作者认为别人的跑的速度不必是自己的跑步速度。故选D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.different不同的；B.amazing令人大为惊奇的；C.common常见的；D.fair公平的。句意：没有好坏之分，只是不同而已。根据前文Their pace is not （14）the pace you should run at.可知，他们的速度不必是你应该跑的速度，所以无关好坏，只是速度不同。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过教练给自己的意见，明白了不需要太在乎他人怎么做，做好自己就行。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】will screen
【小题2】Because
【小题3】who
【小题4】it
【小题5】complexity
【小题6】running
【小题7】the
【小题8】tests
【小题9】which/that
【小题10】costlier
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：在纽约市，一个类似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上文"The United Kingdom this week announced plans to sequence the genomes（基因组）of 100，000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year"（在纽约，一个相似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿。）句子为一般将来时。故填will screen。
（2）考查原因状语从句。句意：因为测序可以提供问题的早期预警，所以婴儿可以得到预防永久残疾甚至死亡的护理。根据语境可知，因为基因测序能够对于问题进行早期预警，所以婴儿可以得到更早更好的护理。前后为因果关系，空处引导原因状语从句。故填Because。
（3）考查宾语从句。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，引起的伦理问题中包括谁将获取这些数据，所以用who引导宾语从句。故填who。
（4）考查代词。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。空处指代前文中的 sequencing。it可用来指代前文中出现的那个事情。故填it。
（5）考查不可数名词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德•斯科特（Richard Scott）表示："我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。"根据空前的the可知本空需要名词。complex为形容词"复杂的"，其名词形式为complexity（复杂性）。故填complexity。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德•斯科特（Richard Scott）表示："我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。"。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以空处为非谓语动词作定语，和修饰的名词之间为为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填running。
（7）考查冠词。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。分析句子结构可知，空处用定冠词the，特指新生儿的足跟血。故填the。
（8）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。根据句意可知，这些检测大多数是生化检测，所以空处需要名词的复数形式。故填tests。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：它们的范围从可以用特殊饮食治疗的代谢紊乱到可以用药物治疗的肌肉疾病。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词disorders。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：全基因组测序成本高达1000美元，可以检测更多疾病，如甲状腺疾病，这些疾病会导致大脑损伤。根据空前的much和句意可知，空处需要形容词的比较级，表示全基因检测的费用更高。故填costlier。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英国和美国宣布了一个对新生儿的DNA进行测序的计划，该计划旨在通过基因测试筛选可能影响他们未来健康的基因。但是很多人对此产生了质疑，觉得该测序会引发一系列伦理问题。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A Stepping Stone to Career Last Friday，our school invited some experts to give lectures about career planning with the purpose of giving some instructions about career choices.In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers.【高分句型一】Furthermore，the experts analysed the top careers which are in great need for us. 【高分句型二】The lectures helped the students find out their interest in their careers.（活动内容及过程） All the students who attended it thought highly of it.Hopefully，every one of us can find our dream career．（活动反响）
In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers．
【解析】高分句型一
In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers.
翻译：在讲座中，专家们就如何选择职业以及我们应该为未来的职业做些什么给了我们一些建议。
分析：使用了what引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二
Furthermore，the experts analysed the top careers which are in great need for us.
翻译：此外，专家们分析了我们非常需要的顶级职业。
分析：使用了which引导的定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Morty's father frowned at the sip of the lemonade.As to him，it tasted more like water.Overwhelmed with confusion，he asked directly， "What's wrong？It tastes just like cold water." The moment Morty heard his father's doubt，he stood awkwardly，not sure what to say. 【高分句型一】Fred and Ben were also speechless.A moment later，they admitted what they had done.Although Morty's father was disappointed，he said， "You still have time to correct your wrongdoings." Hearing this，they nodded immediately.（Morty的爸爸发现了柠檬水的问题后，几个孩子很尴尬地承认错误的场景，以及Morty爸爸建议他们怎么做）
They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week.Ben suggested to use the money earned to prepare enough lemons first and then reduce the price.They all agreed.When they restarted their business，they even stood a sign，saying， "We send a cup of lemonade to customers who bought it last Saturday afternoon for free."【高分句型二】They made over 50 cups of lemonade for a constant stream of customers with a low price and over 20 cups were for free.As you can imagine，they didn't get enough money for the camp.But they learned a valuable lesson that one should always be honest.（他们如何改正自己的错误）
【解析】本文以故事情节发展为线索，讲述了Morty，Ben和Fred三个孩子因为想去参加夏令营，在路边摆摊卖柠檬水赚报名费。随着柠檬越来越少，他们打起了歪主意：往柠檬汁里兑水并提价。后来，Morty的家人开心地来照顾生意。他的爸爸喝出了柠檬水的问题，不禁发出疑问。几个孩子沉默片刻，还是承认了错误。在Morty爸爸的鼓励下，他们决定第二周弥补错误。随后，他们用赚到的钱购买了足量的柠檬，降价，并主动声明给上周周六下午购买柠檬水的顾客免费送一杯柠檬水。可想而知，他们最终没有钱参加夏令营，但是他们懂得了珍贵的一课：做人要保持诚信。
高分句型一
The moment Morty heard his father's doubt，he stood awkwardly，not sure what to say.
翻译：莫蒂一听到父亲的怀疑，就局促不安地站在那里。
分析：由连词the moment引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二
We send a cup of lemonade to customers who bought it last Saturday afternoon for free.
翻译：我们将一杯柠檬水免费送给上周六下午购买的顾客。
分析：由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
2022-2023学年广东省广州市荔湾区华南师大附中、实验中学、广雅中学、深圳高级中学四校高三（上）期末英语试卷
A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
This summer，may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book？It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach.Here are five brand new beach reads brimming with sunshine sand，romance and secret.
Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan Higgins
Kristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes.The nurse has always put others first.But when her son's departure for college coincides with her husband leaving her，life presents the perfect time to try to get herself back.
The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt
Cassandra Hartt's debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine，in a fictional town eroding into the ocean.Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.
The Counselors by Jessica Goodman
What could be better than a juicy tale of friends at a prestigious summer camp.This fast-paced young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake，will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.
Dog Friendly by Victoria Schade
Pet lovers，cat your heart out.The latest novel from dog trainer and author Victoria Schade features an overworked vet，Morgan Pearce，who escapes to Nantucket to recharge while taking care of her client's dog.Unexpected romance is in store for her.
The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin Harmel
Now available in paperback，the author tells a page-turning novel about a woman who，after being kidnapped，finds herself isolated and living in the wilderness of Eastern Europe during World War II.In an unexpected turn of events，she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.
1. Who are these books probably recommended to？ ______
A. People taking a plane.
B. People working on the beach.
C. People going on holiday.
D. People longing to live by the sea.
2. Which of the following would you choose if you favour stories about teenage life？ ______
A. The Counselors and Dog Friendly.
B. The Sea is Salt and so Am I and The Counselors.
C. The Counselors and The Forest of Vanishing Stars.
D. Out of the Clear Blue Sky and The Sea is Salt and so Am I.
3. What do these books have in common？ ______
A. They are mainly fictional.
B. They are heartwarming tales.
C. They are tales set in coastal areas.
D. They are exploring the same theme.
B
Once on a dark winter's day，when the yellow fog hung so thick and heavy in the streets of London that the lamps were lighted and the shop windows blazed with gas as they do at night，a Little girl sat in a cab with her father and was driven rather slowly through the big thoroughfares.
She leaned against her father，who held her in his arm，as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer （strange，odd） old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.
Principally，she was thinking of what a queer thing it was that at one time one was in India in the blazing sun，and then in the middle of the ocean，and then driving in a strange vehicle through strange streets where the day was as dark as the night.She found this so puzzling that she moved closer to her father.
"What is it.darling？" Captain Crewe asked，holding her closer and looking down into her face.
During her short life only one thing had troubled her，and that thing was "the place" she was to be taken to some day.The climate of India was very bad for children，and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school.She bad seen other children go away，and had heard their fathers and mothers talk about the letters they received from them1.She had known that she would be obliged to go also，and though sometimes her father's stories of the voyage and the new country had attracted her，she had been troubled by the thought that he could not stay with her.
She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.She did not care very much for other little girls，but if she had plenty of books she could herself.
It was a big，dull，brick house，exactly like all the others in its row，but that on the front door there shone a brass plate on which was engraved in black letters：
MISS MINCHIN，Select Seminary for Young Ladies.
"I don't like it，papa， " she said. "But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-don't really like going into battle. " Sara stood quietly，with her eyes fixed upon Miss Minchin's face.She was thinking something odd，as usual.
4. What can we learn from the story？ ______
A. Sara was bothered by her departure from her father.
B. Sara was about to be sent to London for a completely new life.
C. Sara was thinking of a way to escape being sent to a foreign country.
D. Sara was persuaded to receive further education in a prestigious school.
5. What does the underlined word "console" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ ______
A. entertain B. occupy C. comfort D. improve
6. What does Sara probably think of her' future in the new place？ ______
A. She didn't mind living with other girls.
B. She hated the idea of living independently.
C. She was positive about the new life at school.
D. She was confident to adapt to the new environment.
7. Which of the following writing skills is employed in the text？ ______
A. The author compares Sara's bravery to that of the soldiers.
B. The description of the surroundings is to add horror to the story.
C. The image of Sara is depicted through appearance and language.
D. Body language is employed to show the character's state of mind.
C
Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats.
If we were to keep a record of all the things we worried about during a given period of time，we would discover，in reviewing them，that the great majority of our expected problems or troubles never come to pass.This means that most of the time we devote to worrying，which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us，is wasted，Thus，we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain，but took up valuable minutes and hours that could've been spent elsewhere.
To avoid this，it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry.More importantly，we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us.Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidicolous，for the problems do not exist.Once，shortly before a major concert，a member of Arturo Toscanini's orchestra approached the great Italian conductor with an expression of fear on his face. "Maestro （大师）， "the musician said， "my instrument is not working properly.I cannot reach the note of E-flat.Whatever will I do？We are to begin in a few moments. " Toscanini looked at the man with amazement.Then he smiled kindly and placed an arm around his shoulders. "My friend， " he replied， "Do not worry about it.The note E-flat does not appear anywhere in the music that you will be playing this evening. "
The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary.
8. What do we know about worry from the first two paragraphs？ ______
A. It requires people to record and review the trouble later.
B. It drives people to try and stay safe from anticipated trouble.
C. Il's referred to as negative ideas about things that will never happen.
D. It causes a waste of time that should be spent on solving the problem.
9. The example of the orchestra mentioned in Paragraph 3 is to argue that ______ .
A. the note E-flat does not appear in the music
B. wrongly analyzing the problem is ridiculous
C. it's not wise to be disturbed by something imaginary
D. a man of wisdom is able to deal with1 worry effectively
10. What can be inferred from the text？ ______
A. Arturo Toscanini was a great Italian musician from Italy.
B. Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature.
C. Time wasted on worry should be spent on something meaningful.
D. People feel annoyed by worry because of psychological problems.
11. What is the text mainly about？ ______
A. The source of worry. B. How to deal with worry.
C. The definition of worry. D. How worry affects people.
D
One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their cars.Even when you have a strong public transport system inmoving people between population hubs，the last mile - that section between the railway station and someone's home，for example - can lead to car use if it's considered too far or too dangerous to walk.
The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood （LTN）- where cars are banned from quieter 'rat runs' （偏僻小路）to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK.LTNs attempt to filter out cars from residential streets using bollards，camera-controlled gates or even planters full of flowers placed across the road，while pedestrians，cyclists and emergency vehicles can still pass.
Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that "driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian1，and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist，compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road， " and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation.LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.
Also popular are e-scooter hie trials，which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough，Bristol and Chelmsford.The trials see gaggles of electric scooters available to be picked up from street corners.The scooters are hired using an app and then，once they're finished with，parked elsewhere inside the trial area，where they're collected and recharged by the hiring company.A Department of Transport report on e-scooter use found they were "widely perceived to have environmental and convenience benefits， " but suffered from comparisons to children's toys.
But that's not all.The world's first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year.The taxis and drones based at the hub all take off and land vertically like helicopters and are being used to travel short journeys or deliver cargo.
Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car.
12. What can we learn from Paragraph 1？ ______
A. People are considered reliant on cars to travel.
B. Public transport system still needs improvement.
C. Pollution from cars has an impact on people's life quality.
D. Residential areas are usually far away from the railway station.
13. What do we know about the idea of an LTN？ ______
A. It's a way to encourage social interaction and local business.
B. It's a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.
C. It's a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.
D. It's a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.
14. What's the structure of the text？ ______
P=Paragraph
A. A B. B C. C D. D
15. What's the purpose of the text？ ______
A. To call on readers to construct a healthier city.
B. To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.
C. To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.
D. To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems.
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of "muscle memory"，the result of a motor learning. (1) It is a phenomenon that previously trained muscles acquire strength after a period of disuse.
Previous research has shown that the changes actually persist in the muscles themselves.In one study of mice，the results suggest that after nuclei in muscle cells multiply in response to an overload of training，those extra nuclei aren't lost during subsequent periods of inactivity.Once you have got additional nuclei，you are banking the capacity. (2)
In fact，a recent study revealed that less than eight weeks of retraining were needed to reach the post-training level.But how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially，how long the layoff was.how old you are and how long you'd been exercising.
(3) It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness.And the principle applies to both resistance training and endurance training.The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing，and then gradually increase in terms of duration，frequency，then intensity. (4)
Ultimately，muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport. (5) You will never know how much muscle memory you may have until you start training again.
A.The best way to tap into it is to "get back on the horse".
B.Physiologists，on the other hand，define it in a different way.
C.This convinces the researchers that muscle memory may not be long lasting.
D That is to say，we can do the sports automatically without conscious thought.
E It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.
F It is evident that the more you exercise，the more muscle memory savings you will have.
G All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The most important life lesson I've learned from running is to run at my own pace.This lesson has guided me in many ways. (21)， it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor for life.I realized this while (22)for a marathon to celebrate my 60 m birthday.All the other runners being faster than me made me (23) .But my coach shared
some valuable advice：run at your own best pace.Setting a goal or target time could be a (24).He was right. (25)，I ran more easily and faster.I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have (26) this principle to other areas of my life.Finding a rhythm is not about (27)or how many things I can get done in a day.It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations，including what it meant to be a strong runner.But expectations also (28) to other areas of life，including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.Expectations at my age can (29) how leisure time is spent，decisions about employment.and even the role of a (30).
I used to think it was young people who bore the brunt（冲击）of (31)， but older adults can experience it too.This is (32)， because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.
That is the message my running coach was trying to convey. (33) what others are doing.
Their pace is not (34) the pace you should run at.Run in your own way.It's not better or worse -only (35) .
21. A. In turn B. In particular C. In advance D. In depth
22. A. training B. struggling C. competing D. searching
23. A. pitiful B. grateful C. impressed D. embarrassed
24. A. resolution B. practice C. limitation D. motivation
25. A. Against time B. Ahead of time C. Of all time D. Over time
26. A. exposed B. compared C. applied D. suggested
27. A. music B. business C. requirement D. efficiency
28. A. subscribe B. extend C. contribute D. refer
29. A. center on B. hope for C. decide on D. call for
30. A. boss B. grandparent C. athlete D. citizen
31. A. peer pressure B. separation anxiety
C. sleeping disorder D. age discrimination
32. A. natural B. unacceptable C. ironic D. significant
33. A. Mind B. Expect C. Forget D. Abandon
34. A. basically B. gradually C. alternatively D. necessarily
35. A. different B. amazing C. common D. fair
36. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The once-futuristic idea of sequencing every newborn child's DNA to screen for genes that could shape their future health is being put to two major tests.The United Kingdom this week announced plans to sequence the genomes（基因组）of 100，000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year.In New York City，a similar project (1) （ screen）100，000 babies.
The goal is to catch treatable diseases that standard newborn screening cannot detect. (2) sequencing delivers an early warning of a problem，the baby could receive care that prevents permanent disability or even death.
But sequencing the full genomes of new-borns raises a host of ethical questions，including (3) will get access to the data，and whether (4) will needlessly worry parents by revealing genes that may never cause serious illness. "We're really aware of the (5) （ complex） of the questions， " says Richard Scott，chief medical officer for Genomics England，the government-funded company (6) （ run） the U.K.project.At the same time，he says， "There is a really pressing need" to detect more childhood diseases.
In many countries， (7) drop of blood from every newborn's heel is screened，using mostly biochemical (8) （ test），for up to several dozen genetic diseases.They range from metabolic disorders (9) can be treated with a special diet to muscle diseases that have drug treatments.Whole-genome sequencing，which is much (10) （ costly）-up to ﹩1000，could detect many more disorders，such as thyroid conditions that can cause brain damage.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. 假定你是李华。你校上周五举行了有关个人职业生涯规划的活动。请你为学校英文刊物"Campus Weekly"写一篇活动报道。内容包括：
（1）活动内容及过程；
（2）活动反响。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Stepping Stone to Career_______
38. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Morty was checking out his library books when it caught his eye-a poster for Adventure Rocks Kids Camp. "Check this out!" Morty called to Ben and Fred as he grabbed three brochures and dashed to catch up with his best buddies.They all stopped，books in hands，to stare at the pictures of kids flying above canyons suspended from zip lines.They instantly believed the brochure's headline：Summer won't be complete until you Take it to the Limit at Adventure Rocks Kids Camp.
Ben broke the silence， "We have less than two weeks until registration opens，and it says the camp fills up fast. " Then an idea popped into Morty's head. "Why don't we sell lemonade and snacks by the side of the road？We can pool our allowance savings for the camp. " "That's a great Idea， "Ben said.
The sun had barely come up on Saturday morning when the kids set up their business.They chose a spot，asked permission from the homeowner，and then asked to use her garden hose for water to make lemonade.
Their business went smoothly until Ben announced that they had a comparatively small stock of lemons shortly after noon.Morty decided to make their stock go further. "Fred，when the jug gets down to one-fourth full，just fill it to the top with the water hose. " Morty was thinking out loud， "I'll change the sign and charge 30 more cents for each cup of lemonade. " Their business went on and the three were secretly proud of the little tricks they had done.
Just as Morty finished refilling the jug with water for the third time，a vehicle rounded the comer.Morty saw the minivan with his father at the wheel and his family inside.They pulled up to the sidewalk，and his brothers and sisters jumped out，each clutching a coin or two.They were eager to support their brother's bustling business.Morty's family bought the last of the brownies and drank the last drop of watered-down lemonade.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡得相应位置作答。
Morty's father frowned at the sip of the lemonade.
______
They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week.
______
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的This summer，may we suggest switching your phone to airplane mode and getting lost in a book？It would be a good idea to curl up in your favorite chair with a book on the beach.Here are five brand new beach reads brimming with sunshine sand，romance and secret.（今年夏天，我们是否可以建议你把手机调到飞行模式，沉浸在书中？在沙滩上蜷缩在你最喜欢的椅子上看书是个好主意。这里有五个全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密。）可知，这些书是推荐给那些在海边度假的人。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt下的段落中的Cassandra Hartt's debut young adult novel takes place on the coast of Maine，in a fictional town eroding into the ocean.Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.（卡桑德拉•哈特的处女作是一部青少年小说，故事发生在缅因州海岸，一个虚构的小镇被海水侵蚀。通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历。）可知，如果你喜欢关于青少年生活的故事，可以看The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据小标题Out of the Clear Blue Sky by Kristan Higgins部分中的Kristan Higgins spins a heartwarming and humorous tale of an empty nester going through some major life changes.（克里斯坦•希金斯讲述了一个温暖而幽默的故事，讲述了一个空巢老人正在经历一些重大的生活变化。）以及小标题The Sea is Salt and so Am I by Cassandra Hartt部分中的Through different perspectives，this emotional and heartfelt story unpacks the trials of teenagers dealing with trust，love，dangerous tides，and growing up in a hometown that might not exist for much longer.（通过不同的视角，这个充满情感和发自内心的故事揭示了青少年在面对信任、爱情、危险的浪潮，以及在一个可能不会存在太久的家乡长大的经历。）以及小标题The Counselors by Jessica Goodman部分中的This fast-paced young adult thriller set at the fictional Camp Alpine Lake，will have you turning pages in suspense and feeling a craving for campfires at the same time.（这部以虚构的阿尔卑斯湖营地为背景的快节奏青少年惊悚片，会让你在悬念中翻页，同时感觉对篝火的渴望。）和小标题Dog Friendly by Victoria Schade部分中的Unexpected romance is in store for her.（意想不到的浪漫正等着她。）以及小标题The Forest of Vanishing Stars by Kristin Harmel部分中的In an unexpected turn of events，she is suddenly thrust into teaching a group of Jewish people who escaped Nazi Germany how to survive in the forest.（在一个意想不到的转折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃离纳粹德国的犹太人如何在森林里生存。）可知，这些书有共同的主题：生活中总会遇到一些出乎预料的事。故选D。
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了五本全新的海滩读物，充满了阳光、沙滩、浪漫和秘密。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。
4~7.【答案】D、C、D、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第五段The climate of India was very bad for children，and as soon as possible they were sent away from it-generally to England and to school. （印度的气候对孩子们来说非常糟糕，他们很快就被送往英国和学校）"，"She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.（她喜欢这样想。为她父亲保管房子；和他一起骑马，在他参加晚宴时坐在桌子的最前面；和他交谈，读他的书——这将是她在世界上最喜欢的事情，如果一个人必须去英国的"地方"去实现它，她必须下定决心去。）以及倒数第二段MISS MINCHIN，Select Seminary for Young Ladies.（MINCHIN女士，为年轻女士选择神学院。）可知，小女孩必须得去英国接受进一步的教育，这是父母们所希望的。尽管她不想去，但是这是她做自己想做的事情之前必须要做的事情。所以小女孩决定去英国的一个神学院接受进一步的教育。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据第六段She had liked to think of that.To keep the house for her father；to ride with him，and sit at the head of his table when he had dinner parties；to talk to him and read his books - that would be what she would like most in the world，and if one must go away to "the place" in England to attain it，she must make up her mind to go.She did not care very much for other little girls，but if she had plenty of books she could herself.（她喜欢这样想。为她父亲打理家务，和他一起骑马，在他举行宴会时坐在他餐桌的首位，和他聊天，读他的书——这是她在世界上最希望的事情，如果一个人必须到英国的"那个地方"去才能得到它，她必须下定决心去。她不太关心其他小女孩，但如果她有很多书，她可以______自己。）可知，小女孩并不想去英国读书，但是她必须要去。在那里她可能不认识其她的小女孩，但是书可以安慰她寂寞的心灵。故换线单词的意思为"安慰"。A.entertain娱乐；B.occupy占据；C.comfort安慰；D.improve提高。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段"I don't like it，papa， " she said. "But then I dare say soldiers - even brave ones-don't really like going into battle. "（我不喜欢，爸爸，"她说。"但我敢说，士兵们——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜欢参加战斗。"）可知，小女孩虽然不喜欢这个地方，但是她相信她会像一个勇敢的士兵一样，去克服自己的困难。由此可推知，小女孩有信心去适应新的环境。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据第二段She leaned against her father，who held her in his arm，as she stared out of the window at the passing people with a queer （strange，odd） old-fashioned thoughtfulness in her big eyes.（她靠在父亲的身上，父亲把她搂在怀里，她用一双奇怪的、古怪的、老式的体贴的大眼睛凝视着窗外的路人。）可推知，作者使用了肢体语言，来描述作者现在的心里状态。故选D。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了主人公去英国求学的故事背景。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
8~11.【答案】D、C、C、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Worry is defined as thoughts and images of a negative nature in which mental attempts are made to avoid the expected potential threats. （忧虑被定义为消极的想法和形象，在这种想法和形象中，人们在心理上试图避免预期的潜在威胁。）和第二段This means that most of the time we devote to worrying，which pushes us to try to come up with a solution to what is troubling us，is wasted，Thus，we not only caused ourselves unnecessary mental pain，but took up valuable minutes and hours that could've been spent elsewhere. （这意味着我们花在担忧上的大部分时间都被浪费了，这些时间促使我们努力想出解决困扰我们的问题的方法。因此，我们不仅给自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，还占用了本可以花在其他地方的宝贵的分钟和小时。）可知，从前两段可以推知担忧浪费了本应花在解决问题上的时间。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段To avoid this，it is often necessary to stay calm and trace the sources of worry.More importantly，we should analyze the situation and see whether it is the very problem that is bothering us.Blindly feeling nervous about whether the problem can be solved is sometimes nidicolous，for the problems do not exist.（为了避免这种情况，通常有必要保持冷静，寻找担忧的根源。更重要的是，我们应该分析形势，看看是不是问题本身在困扰我们。盲目地为问题能否解决而紧张有时是可笑的，因为问题并不存在。）可知，第三段提到提到的管弦乐队的例子为了说明被想象的东西打扰是不明智的。故选 C。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）可知，浪费在忧虑上的时间应该花在有意义的事情上。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。根据最后一段The next time we find ourselves in the middle of worrying about some matters，we might be wise to stop and ask ourselves what the problem is and whether it will happen.Then we may be able to go on to do something more meaningful or at least avoid being disturbed by something imaginary. （下次当我们发现自己在为某些事情担心时，明智的做法是停下来问问自己问题是什么，它是否会发生。然后我们就可以继续做一些更有意义的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打扰。）可知，本文主要讲述了如何处理忧虑。故选 B。
本文是说明文。本文通过分析人们产出忧虑的原因给出了解决忧虑的方法。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】A、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第与段One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate：people from their cars. （为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之与就是将人们与汽车分开。）可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。故选A项。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that"driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian，and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child cyclist，compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road，" and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation.LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. （积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，"与在城市与级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶与英里，导致儿童行人死亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍 "，居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这与危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。
（3）篇章结构题。根据第与段One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate：people from their cars. （为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之-就是将人们与汽车分开。）可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段 The idea of allow-traffic neighbourhood （LTN） - where cars are banned from quieter°rat runs' （偏僻小路） to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. （低交通量社区（LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的 "老鼠跑道"上行驶，以保证它们在主干道上行驶），第四段Also popular are e-scooter hie trials，which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough，Bristol and Chelmsford. （试行电子滑板车租赁也很受欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。）和第五段But that's not all.The world's first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year. （但这还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。）可知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；根据第三段LTNs reduce this danger，leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries，and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. （LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。）可知，第三段延续第二段，继续讨论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。
（4）目的意图题。根据本文最后一段Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car. （让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽车的主导地位。）可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。
这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们过于依赖汽车，这不利于健康城市的建设，因此需要解除对汽车的依赖，并提出三个措施。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
16~20.【答案】B、A、G、E、F
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据上文People refer to never forgetting how to ride a bike or throw a baseball as examples of "muscle memory"，the result of a motor learning.（人们把永远不会忘记如何骑自行车或投掷棒球作为"肌肉记忆"的例子，这是运动机能学习的结果）指出人们用举例子的方法给"肌肉记忆"下定义，B项"Physiologists，on the other hand，define it in a different way.（另一方面，生理学家则用不同的方式来定义它。）"指出生物学家给"肌肉记忆"下了定义，其中"it"代指上文"muscle memory"，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据上文Once you have got additional nuclei，you are banking the capacity.（一旦你有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量。）指出有了额外的原子核，你就是在储蓄能量，空处应该承接上文，指出我们应该如何做才能挖掘出自己的能量，A项"The best way to tap into it is to "get back on the horse".（最好的方法就是"重新振作起来"。）"符合语境，故选A。
（3）细节理解题。根据上文But how quickly you regain your former fitness depends on how fit you were initially，how long the layoff was.how old you are and how long you'd been exercising.（但是你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间。）提到一项研究指出要恢复到之前的水平，需要考虑最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间，你多大了，锻炼了多长时间几个方面，下文It means you still have a distinct advantage when it comes to regaining your former level of fitness.（这意味当谈到恢复您以前的健康水平时，你仍然有一个明显的优势。）指出你仍然有优势恢复到之前的水平，空出应该承上启下，G项"All this news about muscle memory is encouraging for those who fell off the fitness scheme.（所有这些关于肌肉记忆的新闻对于那些脱离健身计划的人来说都是鼓舞人心的。）"符合语境，"All this news"指上文提到的"你恢复健康的速度取决于你最初的健康状况，以及停止活动的时间。你多大了，锻炼了多长时间"，"fell off the fitness scheme"和下文"your former level of fitness"相呼应，故选G。
（4）推理判断题。根据上文The best way to regain your muscle memory is to start at a level below what you were accustomed to doing，and then gradually increase in terms of duration，frequency，then intensity.（恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从一个低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度。）指出恢复肌肉记忆的最好方法是从低于你习惯做的水平开始，然后逐渐增加持续时间、频率和强度这些要素，空处应该承接上文，继续谈论如何恢复肌肉记忆，E项"It is generally safe to increase these elements by 5 percent every week or two.（通常情况下，每周或每两周将这些要素增加5%是安全的。）"符合语境，其中"these elements"代指上文"duration，frequency，then intensity"，故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据上文Ultimately，muscle memory is a payoff for all the past work you put into learning a sport.（归根结底，肌肉记忆是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报。）指出肌肉记忆和你之前的付出的关系，肌肉记忆是你过去学习的回报，空处应该承接上文，F项"It is evident that the more you exercise，the more muscle memory savings you will have.（很明显，你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。）"符合语境，继续解释肌肉记忆与你之前的锻炼的关系，故选F。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肌肉记忆是一种你先前训练的肌肉在一段时间不用后，会获得力量的现象，它是你过去为学习一项运动付出的所有努力的回报，之前你锻炼得越多，你的肌肉记忆力就会储存得越多。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、D、B、D、C、D、B、A、B、A、A、C、D、A
【解析】（1）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.In turn轮流；B.In particular特别；C.In advance提前；D.In depth深入地。句意：特别是，它让我挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。根据前文This lesson has guided me in many ways.以及后文提示it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.可知，跑步在很多方面指导作者，"特别"是让作者挑战了对退休和衰老的固定预期。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.training培训；B.struggling奋斗；C.competing参加比赛；D.searching搜索。句意：我是在参加马拉松比赛庆祝我的60岁生日时意识到这一点的。根据后文All the other runners being faster than me made me （3）可知，作者是在参加比赛。故选C。
（3）考查形容词及语境理解。A.pitiful可怜的：B.grateful感激的；C.impressed印象深刻的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。句意：其他选手都比我跑得快，这使我很尴尬。根据前文All the other runners being faster than me并结合常识可知，其他所有选手都比我快，这使我尴尬。故选D。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.resolution决心；B.practice练习；C.limitation限制；D.motivation动力。句意：设定一个目标或目标时间可以是一种练习。根据前文Setting a goal or target time以及后文I ran more easily and faster.并结合常识可知，设立目标或者目标时间去练习，然后作者跑得更轻松更快了。故选B。
（5）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.Against time尽快地，争分夺秒地；B.Ahead of time提前；C.Of all time始终；D.Over time随着时间的过去。句意：随着时间的推移，我跑得更轻松更快了。根据后文I ran more easily and faster."可知，作者跑得更轻松更快了，但是需要时间，才能有这种感觉。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.exposed暴露；B.compared比较；C.applied应用；D.suggested建议。句意：我把这个原则应用到我生活的其他方面。根据后文to other areas of my life可知，是作者把"run at your own best pace"这个原则应用到生活的其他方面。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.music音乐；B.business商业；C.requirement要求；D.efficiency效率。句意：找到节奏与效率无关，也与一天能做多少事无关。根据后文how many things I can get done in a day可知，此处是指效率。故选D。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.subscribe订阅；B.extend延伸，扩大；C.contribute贡献；D.refer涉及。句意：但期望也延伸到生活的其他领域，包括人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。根据后文including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.可知，此处表达"期望也延伸到生活的其他领域"之意。故选B。
（9）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.center on着重在；B.hope for期待；C.decide on决定；D.call for要求，呼吁。句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。根据前文including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing.可知，期望告诉人们在某些生命阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么，所以此处是说作者这个年龄主要想做什么。故选A。
（10）考查名词及语境理解。A.boss老板；B.grandparent祖父母；C.athlete运动员；D.citizen公民。句意：句意：在我这个年纪，人们的期望可能集中在休闲时间如何度过、就业决定，甚至是祖父母的角色。根据前文I realized this while （2）for a marathon to celebrate my 60 m birthday.可知，作者已经60岁了，所以是期望成为祖父母。故选B。
（11）考直名词短语及语境理解。A.peer pressure同辈压力；B.separation anxiety分离焦虑；C.sleeping disorder睡眠障碍；D.age discrimination年龄歧视。句意：我过去认为是年轻人承受了同龄人的压力，但老年人也会经历这种压力。根据后文because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.可知，"我们"这个年纪的人不关心别人的看法，给他人压力。故选A。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.natural自然的；B.unacceptable不可接受的；C.ironic讽刺的；D.significant重要的。句意：这是很自然的，因为通常在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法。根据后文because often later in life is a time when we are less inclined to care about the opinions of others.并结合常识可知，在生命的后期，我们不太倾向于关心别人的看法，是很自然的事情。故选A。
（13）考耷动词短语及语境理解。A.Mind介意；B.Expect预计；C.Forget忘记；D.Abandon遗弃。句意：忘记别人在做什么。根据前文But my coach shared some valuable advice：run at your own best pace.可知，作者教练建议作者用自己的速度跑，所以是忘记别人在做什么，做好自己就行。故选C。
（14）考查副词及语境理解。A.basically基本上；B.gradually逐步地；C.alternatively或者；D.necessarily必然地。句意：他们的速度不一定是你应该跑的速度。根据后文Run in your own way.可知，作者认为别人的跑的速度不必是自己的跑步速度。故选D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.different不同的；B.amazing令人大为惊奇的；C.common常见的；D.fair公平的。句意：没有好坏之分，只是不同而已。根据前文Their pace is not （14）the pace you should run at.可知，他们的速度不必是你应该跑的速度，所以无关好坏，只是速度不同。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过教练给自己的意见，明白了不需要太在乎他人怎么做，做好自己就行。
做完形填空题之前，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的大意，这是非常重要的一个步骤。通过短文所提供的信息，借助语感及相关知识的推断，可以从整体上把握短文的轮廓。在通读全文，了解大意的基础上，便可着手答题。根据习惯用法、固定搭配，并从上下文中找关键性暗示，注意前后对照，逐句精读，逐题分析选项。所有的答案选出之后，应再次通读全文，对所选的答案进行核实调整。
36.【答案】【小题1】will screen
【小题2】Because
【小题3】who
【小题4】it
【小题5】complexity
【小题6】running
【小题7】the
【小题8】tests
【小题9】which/that
【小题10】costlier
【解析】（1）考查动词时态。句意：在纽约市，一个类似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上文"The United Kingdom this week announced plans to sequence the genomes（基因组）of 100，000 newborns for about 200 rare genetic diseases starting next year"（在纽约，一个相似的项目将筛选10万名婴儿。）句子为一般将来时。故填will screen。
（2）考查原因状语从句。句意：因为测序可以提供问题的早期预警，所以婴儿可以得到预防永久残疾甚至死亡的护理。根据语境可知，因为基因测序能够对于问题进行早期预警，所以婴儿可以得到更早更好的护理。前后为因果关系，空处引导原因状语从句。故填Because。
（3）考查宾语从句。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少宾语，根据句意可知，引起的伦理问题中包括谁将获取这些数据，所以用who引导宾语从句。故填who。
（4）考查代词。句意：但是，对新生儿的全基因组测序引发了一系列伦理问题，包括谁将获得这些数据，以及揭示可能永远不会导致严重疾病的基因是否会不必要地让父母担心。空处指代前文中的 sequencing。it可用来指代前文中出现的那个事情。故填it。
（5）考查不可数名词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德•斯科特（Richard Scott）表示："我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。"根据空前的the可知本空需要名词。complex为形容词"复杂的"，其名词形式为complexity（复杂性）。故填complexity。
（6）考查现在分词。句意：负责英国项目的政府资助公司Genomics England的首席医疗官理查德•斯科特（Richard Scott）表示："我们确实意识到了问题的复杂性。"。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，所以空处为非谓语动词作定语，和修饰的名词之间为为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填running。
（7）考查冠词。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。分析句子结构可知，空处用定冠词the，特指新生儿的足跟血。故填the。
（8）考查可数名词的复数。句意：在许多国家，新生儿足跟的滴血都会进行筛查，主要是生化检测，以检测多达几十种遗传疾病。根据句意可知，这些检测大多数是生化检测，所以空处需要名词的复数形式。故填tests。
（9）考查定语从句。句意：它们的范围从可以用特殊饮食治疗的代谢紊乱到可以用药物治疗的肌肉疾病。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词disorders。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
（10）考查形容词比较级。句意：全基因组测序成本高达1000美元，可以检测更多疾病，如甲状腺疾病，这些疾病会导致大脑损伤。根据空前的much和句意可知，空处需要形容词的比较级，表示全基因检测的费用更高。故填costlier。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了在英国和美国宣布了一个对新生儿的DNA进行测序的计划，该计划旨在通过基因测试筛选可能影响他们未来健康的基因。但是很多人对此产生了质疑，觉得该测序会引发一系列伦理问题。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
37.【答案】A Stepping Stone to Career Last Friday，our school invited some experts to give lectures about career planning with the purpose of giving some instructions about career choices.In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers.【高分句型一】Furthermore，the experts analysed the top careers which are in great need for us. 【高分句型二】The lectures helped the students find out their interest in their careers.（活动内容及过程） All the students who attended it thought highly of it.Hopefully，every one of us can find our dream career．（活动反响）
In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers．
【解析】高分句型一
In the lecture，the experts gave us some advice on how to choose careers and what we should do for our future careers.
翻译：在讲座中，专家们就如何选择职业以及我们应该为未来的职业做些什么给了我们一些建议。
分析：使用了what引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二
Furthermore，the experts analysed the top careers which are in great need for us.
翻译：此外，专家们分析了我们非常需要的顶级职业。
分析：使用了which引导的定语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
38.【答案】Morty's father frowned at the sip of the lemonade.As to him，it tasted more like water.Overwhelmed with confusion，he asked directly， "What's wrong？It tastes just like cold water." The moment Morty heard his father's doubt，he stood awkwardly，not sure what to say. 【高分句型一】Fred and Ben were also speechless.A moment later，they admitted what they had done.Although Morty's father was disappointed，he said， "You still have time to correct your wrongdoings." Hearing this，they nodded immediately.（Morty的爸爸发现了柠檬水的问题后，几个孩子很尴尬地承认错误的场景，以及Morty爸爸建议他们怎么做）
They decided to fix their wrongdoings the next week.Ben suggested to use the money earned to prepare enough lemons first and then reduce the price.They all agreed.When they restarted their business，they even stood a sign，saying， "We send a cup of lemonade to customers who bought it last Saturday afternoon for free."【高分句型二】They made over 50 cups of lemonade for a constant stream of customers with a low price and over 20 cups were for free.As you can imagine，they didn't get enough money for the camp.But they learned a valuable lesson that one should always be honest.（他们如何改正自己的错误）
【解析】本文以故事情节发展为线索，讲述了Morty，Ben和Fred三个孩子因为想去参加夏令营，在路边摆摊卖柠檬水赚报名费。随着柠檬越来越少，他们打起了歪主意：往柠檬汁里兑水并提价。后来，Morty的家人开心地来照顾生意。他的爸爸喝出了柠檬水的问题，不禁发出疑问。几个孩子沉默片刻，还是承认了错误。在Morty爸爸的鼓励下，他们决定第二周弥补错误。随后，他们用赚到的钱购买了足量的柠檬，降价，并主动声明给上周周六下午购买柠檬水的顾客免费送一杯柠檬水。可想而知，他们最终没有钱参加夏令营，但是他们懂得了珍贵的一课：做人要保持诚信。
高分句型一
The moment Morty heard his father's doubt，he stood awkwardly，not sure what to say.
翻译：莫蒂一听到父亲的怀疑，就局促不安地站在那里。
分析：由连词the moment引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二
We send a cup of lemonade to customers who bought it last Saturday afternoon for free.
翻译：我们将一杯柠檬水免费送给上周六下午购买的顾客。
分析：由关系代词who引导限制性定语从句。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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