2021-2022学年湖北省武汉市武昌区高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2021-2022学年湖北省武汉市武昌区高二下学期期末英语试题（解析版），共23页。试卷主要包含了选择题的作答，非选择题的作答等内容，欢迎下载使用。

武昌区2021-2022学年度高二年级期末质量检测
英语
本试卷共150分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man want?
A. A notebook. B. Some stamps. C. Some change.
2. What does the woman do?
A. A desk clerk. B. A manager. C. A secretary.
3. Where will the speakers go for assistance?
A. To a hotel. B. To a gas station. C. To a market.
4. When can the woman get the computers?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
5. What does Kate like about the film?
A. The story. B. The music C. The dialogue.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How did the man do the survey?
A. By posting it on the Internet. B. By asking people somewhere. C. By posting it in the newspapers.
7. What do most people usually do after work?
A. Watch TV. B. Take a walk. C. Do some reading.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What went wrong in the room?
A. The hangers. B. The door lock. C. The bedside light.
9. How does the woman feel in the room?
A. Too cold. B. Too hot. C. Too dirty.
10. What does the woman like about the room?
A. The view. B. The pillow. C. The towel.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What are they talking about?
A. Buying a house. B. Renting a house. C. Decorating a house.
12. What is the woman going to do in the afternoon?
A. Paint the wall. B. Buy a sofa. C. Buy two paintings.
13. How does the woman feel about fresh colors?
A. Relaxed. B. Anxious. C. Excited.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Mother and son. B. Boss and employee. C. Teacher and student.
15. What does the man want to do?
A. Travel in London. B. Get a job in London. C. Visit a friend in London.
16. What do we know about Ted?
A. He has a proper career. B. He is a research student. C. He has graduated from Oxford.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题.
17. What is Disney’s added rule about?
A Age restriction. B. Time restriction. C. Place restriction.
18. What did Disney do before making the rule?
A. They made an ad. B. They did a survey. C. They made a speech.
19. Who did the drowned child go there with?
A. Nobody. B. His friends. C. His family.
20. When did the incident happen?
A. On Sunday morning. B. On Sunday afternoon. C. On Sunday evening.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Spectacular Waterfalls in the World
Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe
They are accessible via the Western Zimbabwe town of the same name. Though technically not the tallest (107 meters), Victoria Falls is commonly known as the largest for its rapidly falling water. Summers can be hot and too dry to see the falls in full form, making the best views between March and August.
Iguazu Falls, Argentina and Brazil
Though Iguazu is only 82 meters tall, its curtain of water extends for over 1,600 meters. But if two stamps in your passport aren’t enough of a reason, these Falls are also considered the largest waterfall system in the world. The temperate year-round weather around Iguazu Falls only adds to its popularity.
Niagara Falls, New York and Ontario
The falls are impressively high at 99 meters but equally impressively long stretching on for what feels like forever. While the Canadian side boasts a touristy town to spend the weekend, the American side trades mostly in natural views. For blue skies and high waterfall rainbow visibility opportunity, visit in summer. And while those making the trip in the winter shouldn’t expect the falls to freeze, they should bundle up or risk freezing themselves.
The Detian Falls, China and Vietnam
The Detian Falls is located in Daxin County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, crossing the Sino-Vietnamese border. The roaring waterfall is separated into three-tiered falls by rocks and trees, dropping more than 70 meters. It has a maximum width of 200 meters. The waterfall is the largest naturally formed falls in Southeast Asia and has been identified as a top tourist destination.
1. Which is the tallest of the following waterfalls?
A. Victoria Falls B. Iguazu Falls C. Niagara Falls D. The Detian Falls
2. What do the listed waterfalls have in common?
A. They stretch in two countries. B. They show good view in July.
C. They are over 100 meters in width. D. They have mild year-round weather.
3. What is an attraction of Niagara Falls unique to the Canadian side?
A. The freezing falls in winter B. The town appealing to tourists.
C. The visible high waterfall rainbow. D. The equally long and high waterfall.
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个瀑布的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Though technically not the tallest (107 meters), Victoria Falls is commonly known as the largest for its rapidly falling water.(虽然严格意义上说维多利亚瀑布不是最高的（107米），但它以其快速下落的水流而被公认为最大的瀑布)”；第二段中“Though Iguazu is only 82 meters tall, its curtain of water extends for over 1,600 meters.(虽然伊瓜苏只有82米高，但它的水幕却延伸了1600多米)”；第三段中“The falls are impressively high at 99 meters but equally impressively long, stretching on for what feels like forever.(瀑布高达99米，令人印象深刻，但同样令人印象深刻的是，瀑布绵延不绝，感觉就像永远一样)”以及第四段中“The roaring waterfall is separated into three-tiered falls by rocks and trees, dropping more than 70 meters.(咆哮的瀑布被岩石和树木分隔成三层瀑布，落差超过70米)”可知，维多利亚瀑布是最高的瀑布。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据四段标题“Victoria Falls, Zambia and Zimbabwe；Iguazu Falls, Argentina and Brazil；Niagara Falls, New York and Ontario；The Detian Falls, China and Vietnam(维多利亚瀑布，赞比亚和津巴布韦；伊瓜苏瀑布，阿根廷和巴西；尼亚加拉大瀑布，纽约和安大略；德天瀑布，中国和越南)”可知，列出的瀑布的共同之处是它们分布在两个国家。故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While the Canadian side boasts a touristy town to spend the weekend, the American side trades mostly in natural views.(加拿大那边有一个旅游小镇可以度周末，而美国那边主要卖的是自然景观)”可知，尼亚加拉大瀑布对加拿大独特的吸引力是城镇吸引游客。故选B。
B
Felicia thought she saw him standing up against a building across the street from the stop where she normally got off her streetcar, down the block from her apartment.
With her heart suddenly pounding in her ears, she turned away from the streetcar door as it opened. Excusing herself to the people lined up behind, she sat down on one of the side-facing seats just at the front across from the driver. As the car started up again, passing him, she felt a glimpse from him back behind her.
It looked very much like him. His hair may be a little longer than he’d worn it the last time she’d seen him, but the same attitude in the way he stood. Even in the freezing winter afternoon in San Francisco, he only wore a T-shirt.
She knew why he was there. He was waiting. Waiting for her.
The problem was that she used to see him everywhere, even when her mind had known that it was unlikely to the point of impossible that he could get out and find her. She’d been in witness protection. No one even knew where she’d lived back then. Hence there was no way that it could happen.
But today? Most of the other times she came to realize, whoever she saw reminded her of him. But today was all him, not a collection of similar parts that, in her terror, she could imagine into the monster that he was.
At the next stop she stood again, deciding. She got off into the neighborhood and heard the streetcar door close behind her and then the brakes release and then the scraping sound as it moved ahead.
She did not like to spend extra money, but he might still be there hiding and if he saw her, he might…
She could not imagine.
No. She could imagine.
So she went into Starbucks and ordered a coffee. The first sip burned her tongue, and the pain seemed to break something within her.
How could he have found her?
Monster! She thought. The life-destroying monster.
In her mind, she was eighteen again.
4. What did Felicia do when she found the man standing up against a building?
A. She ran away at once. B. She got off the streetcar
C. She remained in the streetcar. D. She lined up behind the people.
5. How did Felicia feel when the man appeared?
A. Disappointed. B. Amazed. C. Guilty. D. Alarmed.
6. What can be inferred about the man?
A. He lived very close to Felicia. B. He once committed a severe crime.
C. He wanted to get in touch with Felicia. D. He has changed a lot since their first meeting.
7. What will be talked about in the following paragraph?
A. What would become of the man. B. Why Felicia recalled her teenage life.
C. How the man managed to find Felicia. D. What happened between Felicia and the man.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个男人一直在跟踪Felicia，对此Felicia感到恐惧。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“With her heart suddenly pounding in her ears, she turned away from the streetcar door as it opened. Excusing herself to the people lined up behind, she sat down on one of the side-facing seats just at the front across from the driver.(当有轨电车车门打开时，她的心突然怦怦直跳，转过身去。她向后面排着队的人道了声歉，在司机对面的前排座位上坐了下来)”可知，当Felicia发现那个男人站在一幢建筑物旁边时，她留在电车里。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“With her heart suddenly pounding in her ears, she turned away from the streetcar door as it opened.(当有轨电车车门打开时，她的心突然怦怦直跳，转过身去)”以及第六段“But today was all him, not a collection of similar parts that, in her terror, she could imagine into the monster that he was.(但今天的一切都是他，而不是她在恐惧中想象出来的他这个怪物的相似部分的集合)”可推知，当那个男人出现时，Felicia感到恐惧。故选D。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“She’d been in witness protection. (她一直处于证人保护计划中)”推知，这个男人曾经犯过罪。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“In her mind, she was eighteen again.(在她心中，她又回到了18岁)”推知，接下来要讲为什么Felicia想起了她的青少年生活。故选B。
C
For months now, our routines have been interrupted and we’ve been forced to adapt. Reportedly, one major consequence is a state of mental tiredness. It feels as if we’re all in a state of constant distraction.
“It felt like I had a mental block preventing me from focusing on the page,” says Sophie Vershbow, who recognized the mood early in the pandemic (流行病) when her tweet about “not being able to concentrate enough to read a book” was liked more than 2,000 times.
For many people, especially working parents, the sudden switch to home working has meant a conflict between work and life. It’s tricky to focus on a document as your kids wrestle for the TV remote control. But even when work is finished for the day and the kids are in bed, it’s hard to find any focus to escape into a novel or box-set.
A psychological theory called Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) might help explain why living in the age of COVID-19 may have turned our minds to soup. Put simply, CLT characterizes our minds as information processing systems. When we’re working on a problem, especially an unfamiliar one, we depend on our “working memory”, which is very limited both in its capacity and the length of time it holds information. The less familiar you are with a task, the more you depend on your working memory to help deal with the relevant information; in contrast, when you’re an expert, most of what you need to know is stored in long-term memory and you can complete the task automatically.
So COVID-19 has robbed you of the ability to do things on auto. Take a work meeting for example, before, you would just have turned up and joined in the discussion, but now if you’re working remotely you have to fire up your video-conferencing software, worry about your Wi-Fi and so on. The same applies to domestic challenges too, like ordering your groceries online instead of shopping in person. These adaptations force you out of auto-pilot and draw on your limited working memory capacity.
8. What is the result of COVID-19 mentioned in the text?
A. Being worn out mentally. B. Drawing online attention.
C. Lack of interest in reading D. Sticking to the old routines.
9. What can we know about the parents in Paragraph 3?
A. They wrestle with children for the TV remote control.
B. They can strike a balance between work and life.
C. They enjoy no form of entertainment.
D. They find it hard to concentrate.
10. What turns our minds to soup while living in the COVID-19 age?
A. Being interrupted by our kids.
B. The decline of our memory capacity.
C. Being occupied with new daily routines.
D. The independence of our working memory.
11. Which is the best title for the text?
A. New situation, new solution B. CLT accounts for new challenges
C. New life in the age of COVID-19 D. Adjust yourself to working online
【答案】8. A 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了新冠疫情下，人们难以适应日常生活，也分析了为什么难以适应，生活一团乱的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Reportedly, one major consequence is a state of mental tiredness.(据报道，其中一个主要后果是精神疲劳)”可知，精神疲劳是后果之一。故选A项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二三句“It’s tricky to focus on a document as your kids wrestle for the TV remote control. But even when work is finished for the day and the kids are in bed, it’s hard to find any focus to escape into a novel or box-set.(当你的孩子为争夺电视遥控器而摔跤时，专注于一份文件是很难的。但是，即使一天的工作结束了，孩子们都在床上，也很难找专注于小说或电视机)”可知，父母很难在家中集中注意力做一件事。故选D项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据四段第三四句“When we’re working on a problem, especially an unfamiliar one, we depend on our “working memory”, which is very limited both in its capacity and the length of time it holds information. The less familiar you are with a task, the more you depend on your working memory to help deal with the relevant information(当我们在处理一个问题，特别是一个不熟悉的问题时，我们依赖于我们的“工作记忆”，它的容量和存储信息的时间都非常有限。你对任务越不熟悉，就越依赖工作记忆来帮助处理相关信息)”可知，不熟悉的事情越多，我们就越依赖工作记忆，而工作记忆很有限在，这就导致我们的生活一团乱。故可推测是新冠带给我们太多未曾体验过的新鲜事物，这让我们生活面临困境。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第三句“It feels as if we’re all in a state of constant distraction.(感觉好像我们都处于一种不断分心的状态)”可知，本文主要讨论新冠期间，我们生活面临的新挑战：分心；从第三段第一句“A psychological theory called Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) might help explain why living in the age of COVID-19 may have turned our minds to soup. (一种被称为认知负荷理论的心理学理论可能有助于解释为什么生活在新冠肺炎时代会让我们的思想处于困境之中)”可知，心理学家认为CLT是导致分心的原因。故选项B“CLT accounts for new challenges(CLT 是这种挑战出现的原因)”包含全文两方面主要内容，符合题意。故选B项。
D
Secret parenting can start as early as pregnancy. Research shows that some women hide their pregnancies, especially in roles in which they feel they have to compete with men and don’t want to reveal anything that might “get in the way” of work. Working women often feel the need to go “above and beyond” normal standards during pregnancy.
It continues after birth. Women report wanting to hide their breastfeeding at work because it is forbidden, and doing so is such an obvious sexual difference that highlights their new status as mothers. There are dozens of stories about women feeling forced to prove they can still work overtime even when their children are ill as well as those who purposely don’t share photos of their children or talk about them at all.
That women feel the need to behave this way is no surprise. Mothers have long been seen as less committed and less competent in a work environment. They are passed over for promotions with greater frequency than fathers, and are less likely to be hired than non-mothers. When flexibility is available, those who use it face prejudice and are more likely to be classified into roles with less responsibility. We know the gender pay gap widens after childbirth; salaries of working mothers decline for each child a woman has.
This is because workplaces are structured around men rather than women, and still have an image of the “ideal worker”: an employee who always puts work first. “Anything that signals otherwise diminishes you in the eyes of your employers,” says Daniel Carlson of the University of Utah.
Then there’s the fixed idea that women are more capable in the domestic area, men in the office, which still has a significant impact on how we frame paid work and family life. “It’s understandable that women feel this continuous work/family conflict because we’re asking the impossible. Women have entered the paid labor force, but we have not seen the changes in men at home to pick up more of the domestic work,” says Caitlyn Collins of Washington University.
12. Why do some women hide pregnancies?
A. Because they have to work overtime.
B. Because they hate to talk about children.
C. Because they want to keep competitive in work.
D. Because they hope to reach the peak of their careers.
13. What will be affected for a working mother?
A. Her love for her children. B. Her chances of being promoted.
C. Her relationship with co-workers. D. Her capacity for coping with housework.
14. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Strengthens. B. Restricts. C. Ignores. D. Weakens.
15. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To reveal a phenomenon in the workplace. B. To praise women’s work in the workplace.
C. To appeal for sexual equality in profession. D. To propose a solution to work/family conflict.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究显示，一些女性会隐瞒自己的怀孕情况，尤其是在那些觉得必须与男性竞争的职位上，她们不想透露任何可能“妨碍”工作的事情。这一情况会在孩子出生后继续存在。分析了背后的原因。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Research shows that some women hide their pregnancies, especially in roles in which they feel they have to compete with men and don’t want to reveal anything that might “get in the way” of work.(研究显示，一些女性会隐瞒自己的怀孕情况，尤其是在那些觉得必须与男性竞争的职位上，她们不想透露任何可能“妨碍”工作的事情)”可知，有些女性会隐瞒怀孕是因为她们想在工作中保持竞争力。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Mothers have long been seen as less committed and less competent in a work environment. They are passed over for promotions with greater frequency than fathers, and are less likely to be hired than non-mothers.(长期以来，人们一直认为母亲在工作环境中责任感较低，能力较差。她们比父亲更频繁地错过晋升机会，也比非母亲更不可能被录用)”可知，有工作的母亲被提升的机会会受到影响。故选B。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中“This is because workplaces are structured around men rather than women, and still have an image of the “ideal worker”: an employee who always puts work first. (这是因为工作场所以男性而非女性为中心，仍然有“理想员工”的形象：永远把工作放在第一位的员工)”可知，工作场所中重视永远把工作放在第一位的员工，所以任何与此相反的信号都会让你的形象在雇主眼中被削弱。故划线词意思是“削弱”。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Secret parenting can start as early as pregnancy. Research shows that some women hide their pregnancies, especially in roles in which they feel they have to compete with men and don’t want to reveal anything that might “get in the way” of work. Working women often feel the need to go “above and beyond” normal standards during pregnancy.(秘密养育可以从怀孕时就开始。研究显示，一些女性会隐瞒自己的怀孕情况，尤其是在那些觉得必须与男性竞争的职位上，她们不想透露任何可能“妨碍”工作的事情。职业女性在怀孕期间经常感到有必要“超出”正常标准)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是揭示工作场所的一种现象。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Literature is not practical, especially the classic literary works. They are old, and simply relics of time. Certainly they will not help us find a better job or guide us to make more money in the future. ___16___ But why should we learn it?
Our ancient master Confucius said that a superior man should not be a practical utensil. We read not to make money but to be a better person. ___17___
Literature is the record of human history. All human experience in history has been recorded in literature. The sweetest love, the most heartbroken betrayal, the cruelest war, the hardest struggle, the joyful laughter and the miserable cry, the most precious friendship and the most fierce hatred. ___18___ Reading it makes us a full man.
Literature can make us wise, since we may take good lessons from it. Reading a good book is like talking to a wise man, let alone the great joy that a book may bring to us in loneliness.
Even if you deny these two purposes, how many of you have cited about beautiful love poems in dating?
___19___ When standing in front of the shelves of books in English literature, which are the most valuable ones we should digest? Firstly, we need to know who the most important writers are and what their important literary works are. ___20___ Finally, we need to learn to form our own literary taste, to know what a good literary work is like and what an ordinary one might be. We shall learn to appreciate the literariness of it, the beauty of the language, the wit in the structure, the inspiration of the story and etc.
A. Literature brings us delight.
B. None that you can’t find in literature.
C. It seems that literature has no use at all.
D. Reading literature can serve several purposes.
E. Entering the world of literature is like walking into a library.
F. In addition, we should ask which ones we can simply taste or swallow.
G. Secondly, we need to know how the literary works reflect society and the culture.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. E 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阅读文学的几个目的。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Literature is not practical, especially the classic literary works. They are old, and simply relics of time. Certainly they will not help us find a better job or guide us to make more money in the future.(文学是不实用的，尤其是经典的文学作品。它们很古老，只是时间的遗物。当然，他们不会帮助我们找到更好的工作或指导我们在未来赚更多的钱)”可知，上文提到文学不实用，不会帮助我们找到更好的工作或指导我们在未来赚更多的钱。由此推知，文学似乎一点用都没有。故C选项“文学似乎一点用都没有”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Our ancient master Confucius said that a superior man should not be a practical utensil. We read not to make money but to be a better person.(我们古代的孔子说过，君子不应是实用的器具。我们读书不是为了赚钱，而是为了成为一个更好的人)”可知，上文提到阅读是为了成为更好的人，本句为本段最后一句，且后文陈述了阅读文学的两个目的，由此推知，空处指出阅读文学有几个目的。故D选项“阅读文学作品有几个目的”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Literature is the record of human history. All human experience in history has been recorded in literature. The sweetest love, the most heartbroken betrayal, the cruelest war, the hardest struggle, the joyful laughter and the miserable cry, the most precious friendship and the most fierce hatred.(文学是人类历史的记录。人类历史上的一切经验都记录在文学作品中。最甜蜜的爱情，最心碎的背叛，最残酷的战争，最艰苦的斗争，欢乐的欢笑和痛苦的哭泣，最珍贵的友谊和最猛烈的仇恨)”可知，很多东西都能在文学里找到。故B选项“没有你在文学作品中找不到的”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据后文“When standing in front of the shelves of books in English literature, which are the most valuable ones we should digest? Firstly, we need to know who the most important writers are and what their important literary works are.(当我们站在英国文学的书架前，哪一本是我们最应该消化的？首先，我们需要知道谁是最重要的作家，他们的重要文学作品是什么)”后文提到了书架，可知本句与图书馆的内容有关，故E选项“进入文学世界就像走进图书馆”符合语境，故选E。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Firstly, we need to know who the most important writers are and what their important literary works are.(首先，我们需要知道谁是最重要的作家，他们的重要文学作品是什么)”和下文“Finally, we need to learn to form our own literary taste, to know what a good literary work is like and what an ordinary one might be.(最后，我们要学会形成自己的文学品味，知道什么是好的文学作品，什么是普通的文学作品)”可知，上文为第一点，下文为最后一点，由此推知，本句应当是第二点内容，故G选项“第二，我们需要知道文学作品是如何反映社会和文化的”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节：完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Francis Kéré is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize, known as the Nobel Prize of architecture. However, his journey to the peak of his field was far from ___21___. Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten, he was ___22___ into an extremely hot classroom with over 100 students until seven years old. This experience of poor building facilities was his earliest ___23___ to improve the educational lives of local children, using architecture.
His early reputation came in helping ___24___ a school in his village after graduating from college. He ___25___ the whole village to provide ideas and drew the ___26___ on sand for all to see. ___27___, he involved them in constructing the school, using local wood and local clay (黏土).
The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof that ___28___ ventilation (通风) in a hot climate and wall openings that bring ___29___ for students to learn even without electricity. He showed the villagers that ideas to _____30_____ climate or other challenges are always at hand.
In this process, local people learned _____31_____ skills that they could later use to find work. By cooperating with them, Kéré _____32_____ the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions. He _____33_____ that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate and _____34_____ a global impact by acting locally.
Adopted by architects in dozens of countries, his _____35_____ is rooted in the “unique” aspects of each community now.
21. A. straightforward B. frustrating C. professional D. reliable
22. A. tricked B. crowded C. persuaded D. accompanied
23. A. commitment B. foundation C. qualification D. motive
24. A. design B. donate C. restore D. reform
25. A. reminded B. entitled C. commanded D. encouraged
26. A. plot B. draft C. sample D. clue
27. A. Merely B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Moreover
28. A. blocks B. affects C. allows D. conveys
29. A. hope B. light C. desire D. imagination
30. A. find out B. bring on C. deal with D. leave off
31. A. practical B. physical C. educational D. commercial
32. A. challenged B. declared C. formed D. promoted
33. A. denied B. suspected C. guaranteed D. demonstrated
34. A. receive B. access C. generate D. witness
35. A. patent B. expectation C. innovation D. regulation
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍非洲著名建筑师Kéré的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他在这个领域的巅峰之旅远非一帆风顺。A. straightforward 简单明了的；B. frustrating 令人泄气的；C. professional 专业的；D. reliable 可信赖的。根据下文“Growing up in a village where there was no kindergarten（在一个没有幼儿园的村庄长大）”可知，Francis Kéré出生贫寒，因此可推测他的建筑领域之路坎坷崎岖，并非一帆风顺。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在一个没有幼儿园的村庄长大，直到7岁，他才被挤在一间酷热的教室里，教室里有100多名学生。A. tricked 欺骗；B. crowded 挤满；C. persuaded 说服；D. accompanied 陪伴。根据下文“with over 100 students（有100多名学生）”可知，一个教室容纳一百多个学生，教室里面应该是人挤人。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经历过这种糟糕的建筑设施，是他想利用建筑改善当地儿童教育生活的最早动机。A. commitment 忠诚，承诺；B. foundation 基础；C. qualification 资格；D. motive 动机。根据上文“his earliest（他最早的）”可知，此处描述他为何开始想要学习建筑的原因在于幼年糟糕的体验，即动机来源于此。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他早年的名声来自于大学毕业后在村里帮助设计的一所学校。A. design 设计；B. donate 捐献；C. restore 修复；D. reform 改革。根据上文“to improve the educational lives of local children, using architecture（利用建筑改善当地儿童教育生活）”可知，他改善儿童教育生活的方式是建筑，及设计更合适的建筑。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励全村人提供想法，并在沙子上绘制草图，让所有人都能看到。A. reminded 提醒；B. entitled 使符合资格；C. commanded 控制；D. encouraged 鼓励。根据下文“to provide ideas（提供想法）”和“The result of their hard work was a welcoming structure with a “floating” roof（他们努力工作的结果是，一个受欢迎的带有“浮动”屋顶的建筑）”可知推测村民们提出了自己的想法，而他们之所以能提出想法，应该是得到了Francis Kéré的鼓励。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他鼓励全村人提供想法，并在沙子上绘制草图，让所有人都能看到。A. plot 情节；B. draft 草稿；C. sample 样品；D. clue 线索。根据上文“to provide ideas and drew（提供想法并且画出）”可知，要修建房子，画的肯定是所提出想法的草图。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他还让他们参与建造学校，使用当地的木材和粘土。A. Merely 仅仅；B. Otherwise 否则；C. Therefore 因此；D. Moreover 此外。根据上文“He encouraged the whole village to provide ideas and drew the draft on sand for all to see.（他鼓励全村人提供想法，并在沙子上绘制草图，让所有人都能看到。）”可知，他已经让村民们参与想法和草图制作，本句中还让他们参与实际的建造，与上文存在递进关系。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们努力工作的结果是建造了一个令人欢迎的建筑，它有一个“漂浮”的屋顶，可以在炎热的气候中通风，墙壁开口可以为学生提供光，即使没有电也可以学习。A. blocks 妨碍，堵塞；B. affects 影响；C. allows 允许；D. conveys 传送。根据上文“a “floating” roof（一个“漂浮”的屋顶）”可知，因为屋顶是漂浮的，为通风提供了便利，即允许更好的通风。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们努力工作的结果是建造了一个令人欢迎的结构，它有一个“漂浮”的屋顶，可以在炎热的气候中通风，墙壁开口可以为学生提供光，即使没有电也可以学习。A. hope 希望；B. light 光线；C. desire 渴望；D. imagination 想象。根据下文“to learn even without electricity（在没电的情况下学习）”可知，这个学校的建筑能提供充足自然光。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词组辨析。句意：他向村民们展示了应对气候或其他挑战的想法。A. find out发现；B. bring on 引起；C. deal with 应对；D. leave off 停止。根据上文“allow ventilation (通风) in a hot climate（可以在炎热的气候中通风）”可知，这个在大家的想法中成型的建筑克服了气候因素等带来的挑战，即说明了一个道理：应对挑战的想法在我们手中。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，村民们学到了实用的技能，之后找工作时他们能够把这些技能用上。A. practical 实用的；B. physical 物理的，身体的；C. educational 有教育意义的；D. commercial 商业的。根据下文“they could later use to find work（之后找工作时他们能够把这些技能用上）”可知，在修建这所学校时学到的技能很实用。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过和他们合作，KéréT挑战了这一想法：气候问题的解决方案往往由大型机构牵头。A. challenged 挑战；B. declared 宣称；C. formed 构成；D. promoted 促进。根据下文“He demonstrated that everyone could contribute to addressing the major issues related to education and climate（他表明，每个人都可以为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献）”可知，他的想法和传统的想法不一样，即“挑战”了传统观点。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他表明，每个人都可以为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并通过在当地采取行动来产生全球影响。A. denied 否认；B. suspected 怀疑；C. guaranteed 保证；D. demonstrated 证明。根据上文“Francis Kéré is the first African to win the Pritzker Prize, known as the Nobel Prize of architecture.（Francis Kéré是第一位获得被称为诺贝尔建筑奖的普利兹克奖的非洲人。）”可知，他自己从一个贫困地区的孩子成长为著名建筑师，就是证明每个人都能做出贡献的典例。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他表明，每个人都可以为解决与教育和气候有关的重大问题做出贡献，并通过在当地采取行动来产生全球影响。A. receive 获得；B. access 进入；C. generate 生产；D. witness 目睹。根据下文“Adopted by architects in dozens of countries（被许多国家众多建筑师采用）”可知，他在家乡的举动最终产生了全球性的影响。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：几十个国家的建筑师都采用了他的创新，他的创新植根于每个社区“独特”的一面。A. patent 专利权；B. expectation 期待；C. innovation 改革；D. regulation 管理。根据上文“By cooperating with them, Kéré declared the idea that climate solutions started with big institutions.（通过和他们合作，Kéré向大型机构宣称气候解决方案启动。）”可知，他把自己的想法提出，并付诸实践成为建筑行业的创新。故选C项。
第二节(共10题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhaobi (照壁) has a long history. ___36___(locate) outside the entrance of various buildings, it, in its earliest form during the Western Zhou Dynasty, ___37___(construct) to serve the function of status symbol. It would let passersby know that this was the residence of someone of high rank. It also served the practical function of acting as a form of ___38___(private) by blocking the entrance from any prying (窥探) eyes.
___39___ the Tang and Song Dynasties, Zhaobi took on the role in the principle of feng shui, ___40___ practice that focuses on achieving harmony and balance in all things. Later, it acted as a threat to gui, or “wondering evil spirit”, which would attempt ___41___(enter) a home.
Moving further forward in time, Zhaobi became more of a form of artistic expression and creativity, with poetry, painting and characters ___42___(represent) luck and good fortune on the walls. Families used Zhaobi to tell their family’s ___43___(exception) history and achievements.
Whether Zhaobi is a physical symbol of someone’s social position ___44___ a tool for defending against evil spirits, ____45____ can be said for sure is that these interesting structures give us a brief look at life at a particular time.
【答案】36. Located
37. was constructed
38. privacy
39. During 40. a
41. to enter
42. representing
43. exceptional
44. or 45. what
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了照壁的相关历史，包括起源、用途等。
【36题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：位于各种建筑的入口处，照壁最早的形式出现在西周时期，它的建造是为了提供地位象征的功能。分析句意可知，此处主语it和动词locate“安置于”构成被动关系，即照壁被放在各种入口，故使用过去分词表示被动，作状语。故填Located。
【37题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：位于各种建筑的入口处，照壁最早的形式出现在西周时期，它的建造是为了提供地位象征的功能。分析句意可知，此处主语it和动词construct“建造”构成被动关系，且在句子做谓语动词，故用一般过去时的被动语态表示过去被做的动作。故填was constructed。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：它还起到了一种实用的功能，即通过阻挡任何窥探者的视线，作为一种隐私形式。分析句意可知，此处形容词private“私人的”要改为名词形式privacy“隐私”作介词of的宾语。故填privacy。
【39题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在唐宋时期，照壁是风水原则中的一部分，这是一种注重实现万物和谐与平衡的实践。分析句意可知，空格后为the Tang and Song Dynasties“唐朝和宋朝”两个朝代，应该是指在这两个朝代时，故填during表示“在……期间”，符合语境。故填During。
【40题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在唐宋时期，照壁是风水原则中的一部分，这是一种注重实现万物和谐与平衡的实践。分析句意可知，单数可数名词practice“实践”，此处表示泛指，且practice发音以辅音音素开头，前需要使用不定冠词a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：后来，它对试图进入家中的鬼，或“奇怪的邪灵”构成了威胁。分析句意可知，此处动词 “进入”要改为不定式，因为attempt“试图”的搭配为attempt to do sth.“试图做某事”。故填to enter。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：随着时间的推移，照壁越来越成为一种艺术表达和创造力的形式，墙上有代表好运的诗歌、绘画和人物。分析句意可知，此处动词represent“代表”与介词with的宾语poetry, painting and characters “诗歌、绘画和人物”构成主动关系，故使用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填representing。
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：家人们用照壁讲述了他们家族意想不到的历史和成就。分析句意可知，名词exception“另外”要改为形容词exceptional“杰出的”作定语，即照壁讲述一个家族那些杰出的历史。故填exceptional。
【44题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：无论照壁是一个人社会地位的物理象征，还是一种抵御邪灵的工具，可以肯定的是，这些有趣的结构让我们对特定时间的生活有了一个简单的了解。分析句意可知，此处填or与前文whether构成whether…or…“无论…还是…”。故填or。
【45题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：无论照壁是一个人社会地位的物理象征，还是一种抵御邪灵的工具，可以肯定的是，这些有趣的结构让我们对特定时间的生活有了一个简单的了解。分析句意可知，此处包含一个定语从句，且从句缺主语，使用what，则主语从句what can be said for sure is…意为：“可以肯定说的什么是…”，符合语境。故填what。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节;满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 我国中小学正大力开展劳动教育，中学生英语报为此举行征文活动，请以What labor brings me为题写篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 一次劳动经历；
2. 收获。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
What labor brings me
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】What labor brings me
I am always willing to do some labor work, which brings me joy. Well, I would like to share an unforgetable labor experience with you here.
Last week, I got up early and cooked noodles for my parents. First, I boiled some water. Then I put some noodles into the pot. About five or six minutes later, I placed them in the bowls and added some salt and oil. When my parents got up, they were surprised and praised me with big smiles. It was the first time that I had cooked for them. From this memorable experience, I have also got a deeper understanding of my parents.
As teenagers, it’s our responsibility to share some housework. Tiring as the work might be, we can find the value of labor and the joy of working.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇开放作文，要求考生以What labor brings me为题，参加中学生英语报举办的征文比赛。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开心：happiness→joy
惊讶：shock→surprise
责任：duty→responsibility
令人疲惫的：exhausting→tiring
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：I am always willing to do some labor work. It brings me joy.
拓展句：I am always willing to do some labor work, which brings me joy.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It was the first time that I had cooked for them. (运用it was the first time that...句型)
[高分句型2] When my parents got up, they were surprised and praised me with a big smile. (运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。
It was Saturday. My daughter and I were chatting in the backyard when I heard someone calling me. I turned around. Standing in the yard was a little boy, strong, brown-haired and dusted with a fine layer of dirt. “William!” I cried in surprise, “What are you doing here?”
“I’m taking care of the lawn,” he answered proudly, sticking his chest out — William’s father owned a lawn sodding company. “I’m sure he appreciates that,” I said to my daughter, “This is William, one of my students. Grade 2. He’s a joy to have in class.”
It was true. Little William was a delight. He loved plants and animals and playing outside during break. And even though he struggled with his study, he never once complained. There was a brightness he brought with him wherever he went.
I’d never forget the day in class when another student was having trouble understanding the lesson. “Don’t worry,” William comforted, eyes wide and sincere. “Sometimes, second grade is really hard.” He was a gentle soul, wise beyond his years.
Still, I couldn’t help but worry. Despite his firm determination, William’s grades were poor. Sometimes, I wondered if he’d be able to pass.
“See you Monday, Ms. Woodall!” he said, running to his father’s side. My daughter and I waved, but William stayed on my mind for the rest of the weekend.
Back at school, William’s grades showed no sign of improvement until the last few weeks of the year. When we studied the life cycle of plants, William stood out. I’d never seen him se invested in the classroom. Though I was happy for him, the worry remained. Would he be able to enter Grade Three?
Every year, as a class project, each child planted a sunflower seed in one of those containers. I did this every year but had never seen blossom. This year, I together with William, planted 20 seeds behind the library. Planting the seeds was exciting for many of the students, but not the growing part.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Actually, it took too long to see results from daily watering, various results.
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About a month into the summer vacation, I happened to drive by the library.
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【答案】Para. 1:
Actually, it took too long to see results from daily watering, various results. Planting the seeds was exciting for many students, the growing part much less so. Most kids lost patience and interest. As a result, they forgot to care for their sunflowers-to-be. But not William. Every afternoon, William made sure all the containers were watered and nurtured.
Para. 2:
About a month into the summer vacation, I happened to drive by the library. I found William was there and he told me that he wanted to learn more about sunflower. By the last week of school, the shoots were about four inches tall, which really amazed me. In years past, few seeds successfully produced new shoots. And those that did had never gotten so tall. But these were different. These were William’s sunflowers. His is what it means to be a teacher. At that moment, I knew I didn’t have to concern William. I’d seen that special seed planted inside him. Others would too. And, one day, he’d start to grow mature and shine — just like his sunflowers.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了William是一个阳光的孩子，尽管他的学习成绩不是很好，但是他有着坚定的信念，并且做事非常努力。从种向日葵一事中，作者开始从担心William变成看好他的未来。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“实际上，每天浇水花了太长时间才看到结果，各种各样的结果”可知，第一段可描写学生种向日葵遇到的问题。
②由第二段首句内容“大约在暑假开始的一个月，我碰巧开车经过图书馆”可知，第二段可描写作者发现威廉在图书馆以及威廉的向日葵情况。
2.续写线索：种向日葵——大多数孩子忘记照顾——威廉继续照顾向日葵——向日葵长高——作者感悟
3词汇激活
行为类
照顾：care for/look after
确保：make sure/ensure
见证：see/witness
情绪类
激动：exciting / thrilling
使惊讶：amaze/ surprise
【点睛】[高分句型1] Planting the seeds was exciting for many students, the growing part much less so. (运用了动名词作主语)
[高分句型2] I found William was there and he told me that he wanted to learn more about sunflower. (运用了that引导宾语从句)