热点03 长江流域酷热天气与抗旱-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

这是一份热点03 长江流域酷热天气与抗旱-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)，共19页。试卷主要包含了67米，比去年同期低4，50米的枯水水位，灼热的太阳trrid sun，升温heat up，闷热stiflingly ht，湿热ht and humid等内容，欢迎下载使用。
备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练
热点03 长江流域酷热天气与抗旱

今年7月以来，受持续高温天气影响，四川、重庆、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽六省市先后出现不同程度旱情，对农业生产和饮水安全造成一定影响。目前，长江流域多省市都陆续启动相应级别的抗旱应急响应。根据气象水文预测，长江流域大部分地区将持续高温少雨天气。
6月中旬以来，长江流域降水由偏多转为偏少，其中，6月下旬偏少2成，7月偏少3成多，尤其是长江下游干流及鄱阳湖水系偏少5成左右，为近10年同期最少。
长江委水文局长江水文情报预报中心水情室主任张俊：当前，由于来水偏少，长江上游大部分控制性水库蓄水量偏少，长江中下游干流水位也呈持续消退态势，较历史同期大幅偏低，如汉口、大通等主要站水位当前偏低5—6米。据预测，8月中下旬长江流域降水仍将偏少，其中长江中下游干流南部将明显偏少。
鉴于当前旱情，水利部长江委要求流域相关省市做好旱情监测，及时发布预警，抓紧修订完善应急水量调度方案，有序做好抗旱水源储备，同时强化水资源统一调度，加强水利工程和供水设施运行管护和排查，做好抗旱应急物资和队伍准备。
据气象水文预测，未来一周，包括湖北在内的长江中下游地区可能出现夏伏旱。眼下，湖北全省的引调水工程正全线发力、抗击旱情。目前，湖北全省约20%的地区出现了气象干旱，湖北省水利部门除了调度水库、泵站放水，还充分运用鄂北水资源配置工程抗旱。湖北省水利厅鄂北局调度运行部主任何永煜：目前整个调水量已经达到了1.26亿立方米，主要是向襄州、枣阳、广水这些县市进行供水。鄂北水资源配置工程是国家172项节水供水重大水利工程之一，今年正式全线试运行。截至目前，已保障了从十堰丹江口到孝感大悟56万多人的饮用水以及沿线52.5万亩农田灌溉用水。位于荆州市的引江济汉工程也正加大调水力度，守护“湖北粮仓”。目前，湖北全省水利工程每天引调水近2亿立方米，其中沿长江、汉江泵站日均引水5700万立方米。按照先生活、后生产、再生态的原则，千方百计满足群众生活饮水和农业灌溉用水需求。
自7月4日以来，重庆持续高温，多地气温达40摄氏度以上，导致重庆33个区县土壤干旱，当地多措并举抗旱保供水。在重庆永川区五间镇，持续的高温给当地3000多亩蔬菜带来了不利影响。当地通过微灌、微喷、遮阳网等设备，对蔬菜增湿、降温，改善田间小气候。在秀山县龙凤坝镇小兰村，多个饮用水源点断流，当地采取上游水库放水、组织群众寻找新水源点和组织义务送水队送水等方式，多措并举解决人畜饮水需求。
连日来，受持续晴热少雨等天气因素影响，江西鄱阳湖水位继续下降。截至昨天(8月12日)17时，鄱阳湖标志性水文站星子站水位降至10.67米，比去年同期低4.31米，湖区水体面积缩水至978平方公里。此外，抚州、吉安等29个县(市、区)出现重度及以上气象干旱，预计今天，江西省中度及以上气象干旱范围将扩大至68个县(市、区)，国家防总针对江西已启动抗旱应急响应，确保人饮安全，努力保障工农业生产用水需求。
今年7月以来，受长江上游来水减少和持续高温少雨天气影响，洞庭湖水位连续回落40余天，跌破24.50米的枯水水位。8月11日，在位于湖南岳阳的洞庭湖城陵矶水文站，15根记录水位的标尺已有13根裸露在外，水文部门监测到的数据显示：当日上午8时，洞庭湖城陵矶站水位为24.12米，较历年同期偏低4.28米，预计未来一周，在无有效降雨影响下，洞庭湖城陵矶站水位将继续保持下降趋势，并造成洞庭湖北部部分支流和干渠出现断流现象。为应对旱情，岳阳市派出400名水利干部下到抗旱一线，指导群众抗旱自救。为保障洞庭湖区居民正常生产生活，岳阳市相关部门采取开闸放水、取水补水等措施缓解旱情。(央视网 | 2022年08月13日)

I.相关短语
1.伏旱summer drought
【背景：Soaring temperatures and little rainfall have worsened the drought in the Ningxia Hui and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regions, as well as the provinces of Gansu, Guizhou and Hunan。(高温和少雨天气使宁夏回族自治区、内蒙古自治区，以及甘肃、贵州和湖南等省的旱情进一步加剧。)】
2.酷热sizzling/severe heat
3.烈日/骄阳scorching sun
4.炎炎夏日blistering summer day
5.灼热的太阳torrid sun
6.湿热难耐的天气sultry weather
7.升温heat up
8.闷热stiflingly hot
9.湿热hot and humid
10.干热hot and dry
11.连续高温天气hot spell
12.高温病heat-related illnesses
13.抗热的/耐热的heat-resistant
14.桑拿天sauna days
15.汗流浃背be bathed/soaked with sweat
16.高温预警heat alert
17.消暑beat the heat
18.避暑escape the heat
19.中暑get heat-stroke/sunstroke
20.晒伤/晒黑sunburn/got tan
21.水资源短缺water shortage
22.抗旱drought relief
23.人工降雨artificial precipitation operations
24.气象部门meteorological departments
25.热浪heat wave
26.避暑胜地summer resort
27.避暑药a preventive against sunstroke
28.最高温度maximum temperatures
29.绝对温度absolute temperature
30.室温/常温room temperature
31.抗热的/耐热的heat-resistant
32.乘凉enjoy the cool air
33.空调air conditioning
34.汗流浃背be bathed/soaked with sweat
35.急救emergency treatments
36.用电需求power demands
37.应急供电计划emergency power-supply plan
38.高温黄色预警yellow alert for high temperatures/yellow-coded heat alert
39.冰块ice cubes
40.摄氏度degree Celsius
41.华氏度degree Fahrenheit
42.室外活动outdoor activities
43.在阴凉处in the shade
44.临时避暑站temporary shelters for people to escape the heat
45.国家气象中心National Meteorological Center
II.关于“天热”的各种表达
1.dog days. 三伏天。它是指夏天最热的那些天。
I can't stand the dog days of summer which are really unbearable. 我受不了三伏天了，实在太难受了。
2.The sun was blazing. 太阳正猛烈燃烧。
Bear Grylls, he was like “the sun is blazing, i have got to find some water”. 贝爷当时说，太阳正熊熊燃烧，我必须找到水喝。
3.fry eggs on the sidewalk. 打个鸡蛋在路面上都熟了。
Anna：Andy, you could fry eggs on the sidewalk today. 安迪，天气太热了。
Andy：Yeah, what a hot day. I can't go a day without an AC.是啊，热的受不了，我没有空调都没法活。
4. I am leaking.热得我都在滴水了。
I am leaking and i could do with a cold coke. 热得我大汗淋漓，真想马上要一杯冻可乐。
5.It is as hot as in a sauna.热得像在蒸桑拿！

一、阅读理解
1
Terrible weather events are harming the planet, and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving bushfires burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
1. What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage?
A. Hunting. B. Climate change.
C. The sea ice loss. D. The Arctic ice melting.
2. What can we get from this passage?
A. The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B. Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C. Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D. The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
3. What does the underlined word “inhospitable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Friendly to live. B. Unfit to live.
C. Comfortable to live. D. Unhealthy to live.
4. Which place didn’t experience drought this summer?
A. America. B. China. C. Australia. D. Europe.
5. What is the main idea for this passage?
A. The whole planet is drier and drier.
B. The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C. Climate change is getting worse and worse.
D. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
2
Every year on March 22, World Water Day focuses people’s attention on the importance of water across the world. In 2018, the theme is “Nature for Water”.
This year’s theme, “Nature for Water”, focuses on how nature-based solutions (NBS) can be used to help fix the water problems facing many people and ecosystems (生态系统) at the present time. Nature-based solutions are ways of managing plants, soils and wetlands, including rivers and lakes, to help with the management of water availability and quality. They will not solve the problem of drought (干旱) but should provide effective ways for improving water quality and increasing water supplies.
Anything that includes positively altering nature is an NBS.
●Bringing back forests, grasslands and natural wetlands
By bringing back natural ecosystems, we can help to rebalance water levels around the world, benefitting both humans and ecosystems;
●Connecting rivers to floodplains again
If properly managed, natural floodplains can provide help to wildlife, fish and people by giving them both space and clean water;
●Building sand dams
In very dry areas, such as Zimbabwe, sand dams are used to increase the amount of water that can be stored, meaning that farmers can grow more crops and people can have enough drinking water;
●Landscape restoration
Excessive logging (过度砍伐) in Alwar, India, has caused extremely serious droughts. The government has focused on the regeneration of forests and soils, which has not only helped the rivers to refill but also wildlife, such as antelopes and leopards, to return to the area.
6. What can we learn about the nature-based solutions?
A. They will successfully solve the problem of drought.
B. They make plants, soils and wetlands totally different.
C. They can improve water quality and increase water supplies.
D. They can help us learn why people in history faced water problems.
7. The underlined word “altering” is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. changing B. creating C. increasing D. breaking
8. Why is it important to bring back natural ecosystems?
A. Because they give space to both wildlife and fish.
B. Because they help increase water levels around the world.
C. Because they can supply clean water to both animals and humans.
D. Because they help bring water levels around the Earth back into balance.
9. This article is most likely a(n) ________.
A. advertisement B. speech C. newspaper article D. interview
3
Every morning Hannah Griffiths and her workmates walked into the rainforest in the Maliau Basin in Bormeo, where they had set up a set of experiments to look at the ecological effects of small creatures: termites.
Termites get a bum rap in USA. They are thought to make the loss of billions of dollars each year because they bite up a huge number of woods. And they are responsible for something like 2 % of global carbon emissions, simply because of their huge populations and their like for biting through some special materials. People hate them and are trying to kill them.
But they play a key role in many natural ecosystems. Scientists have known for years that in tropical forests, termites eat up fallen leaves and dead wood. They help keep the fallen material under control. They let nutrients from the dead material back into the system to be used by other plants, insects, and animals. But scientists didn’t know exactly how important the insects were in keeping the forest healthy and functional, so they removed termites from a particular place in the forest and saw what would happen.
Hannah Griffiths and her workmates started their experiment. It chanced that the forest was hit by an extreme drought at that time. During the non-drought years, they saw there was wasn’t much difference between the normal places and the ones where they’d removed the termites. but during the drought, the effects were easy to see. What they found was unexpected: in the termite-rich areas, the soil stayed slightly wet, more trees sprouted, and the system was still full of activity during the long, dry period.
For Griffiths, she thought that they could pick out the real importance of termites to the system only because they accidentally studied termites during the drought. She pointed out, An “And that rings alarm bells in my head,” she said, “because it makes me think: what else don’t we know? If we start damaging biological com munities, what will happen? And what if a species dies out?”
10. Which of the following best explains “bum rap” underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. bad impression B. good image C. positive influence D. special like
11. What have scientists learned about termites?
A. They do serious harm to tropical rainforests.
B. They speed up the loss of nutrients in the rainforest.
C. They act as food for other plants, insects and animals.
D. They do something good to the ecosystem they live in.
12. From the finding of Griffiths’ experiment, we can infer that termites ________
A. help rainforests survive the drought
B. enjoy enting trees during the drought
C. prefer drought years to non-drought ones
D. benefit more from the forest during the drought
13. Griffiths might want to tell us ________
A. termites are now in danger
B. termites damage biological communities
C. we should think twice before damaging a species
D. we should study the drought to improve the system
4
Terrible weather events are harming the planet (星球，地球), and experts warn of even greater results to come. The sea ice loss and the Arctic (北极的) ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears (北极熊) and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals (海豹).
According to the data from the WMO, temperatures on the Antarctica (南极洲) just hit 18.3℃, which is higher than the record of 17.59℃ in March, 2015. Moreover, temperatures in this area have warmed about 3℃ over the last 50 years. Although such temperatures might be considered pleasant for a picnic or a hiking trip, this is the Antarctica we are talking about. It is home to the most inhospitable environment on the planet because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place. In fact, the average temperature of the continent’s central area is -57℃.
Besides, many places are experiencing the extreme weather this summer. Australia is undergoing its worst drought (干旱) since the 1930s, leaving bush fires (丛林大火) burning so long and causing many deaths. Meanwhile in Europe, crops in the northwest are suffering the driest weather in the past 80 years. Recently West Texas in America has also gone through its worst drought in more than 70 years, while floods have hit Eastern and Southern China.
“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems. I’m afraid there will be more common events like the one that 30,000 to 50,000 persons died in Europe in 2003 due to the heat wave there,” Professor Schwartz said. “It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”
14. What doesn’t bring down the number of polar bears according to this passage?
A. Hunting. B. Climate change.
C. The sea ice loss. D. The Arctic ice melting.
15. What can you get in this passage?
A. The Antarctica is pleasant for a hiking trip.
B. Extreme weather led to wildfires burning in Europe.
C. Climate change will cause air pollution and diseases.
D. The temperatures on the Antarctica hit the highest in March, 2015.
16. What does the underlined word “inhospitable” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Comfortable to live B. Friendly to live
C. Unhealthy to live D. Unfit to live
17. What is the main idea for this passage?
A. The whole planet is drier and drier.
B. The Antarctica is warmer and warmer.
C. Climate change is getting worse and worse.
D. The number of polar bears is smaller and smaller.
5
There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds. There are also desert insects which survive as inactive larvae(幼虫). In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form of inactive eggs. These are the shrimps(虾) that live in the Mojave Desert, an intensely dry region in the south-west of the United State where shade temperatures of over 50℃ are often recorded.
The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand. When sufficient spring rain falls to form a lake, once every two to five years, these eggs hatch. Then the water is soon filled with millions of tiny shrimps about a millimeter long which feed on tiny plant and animal organisms which also grow in the temporary desert lake. Within a week, the shrimps grow from their original 1 millimeter to a length of about 1.5 centimeters.
Throughout the time when the shrimps are rapidly maturing, the water in the lake equally rapidly evaporates. Therefore, for the shrimps it is a race against time. By the 12th day, however, when they are about 3 centimeters long, hundreds of tiny eggs form on the underbodies of the females. Usually by this time, all that remains of the lake is a large, muddy patch of wet soil. On the 13th day and the next, during the final hours of their brief lives, the shrimps lay their eggs in the mud. Then, having ensured that their species will survive, the shrimps die as the last of the water evaporates.
If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death. Some years there is insufficient rain to form a lake; in this case, the eggs will remain dormant for another year, or even longer if necessary. Very, very occasionally, perhaps twice in a hundred years, sufficient rain falls to form a deep lake that lasts a month or more. In this case, the species passes through two cycles of growth, egg-laying, and death. Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.
18. Which of the following is the most distinctive feature of Mojave shrimps?
A. They live a brief and tough life.
B. They feed on plant and animal organisms.
C. Their eggs can survive years of drought.
D. They lay their eggs in the mud.
19. The word “dormant” (in Para 4) most probably means ________.
A. inactive B. strong C. alert D. soft
20. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Appearance and size are important factors for life to survive in the desert.
B. A species must be able to multiply quickly in order to survive in the desert.
C. For some species one life cycle in a year is enough to survive the desert drought.
D. Some species develop a unique life pattern to survive in severe conditions.
21. Which of the following statements is NOT a fact?
A. The eggs of Mojave shrimps are as small as the grains of seeds.
B. The whole cycle of growth of the shrimps is a race against time.
C. It is difficult to believe that these shrimps can survive droughts in the desert.
D. The amount of train has a strong impact on the number of the shrimps.
22. The passage mainly deals with ________.
A. the life span of the Mojave shrimps
B. the survival of desert shrimps
C. the creatures living in the Mojave desert
D. the importance of water to life in the desert
6
General Treatment to BurnsMove the injured away from the heat first.
Check the breathing as well as the size and depth of burns.
Wash the burnt area with running water to reduce pain.
Cover the wound with a sterilized (消毒的) dressing.
Heatstroke (中暑)
To avoid heatstroke, you should stop tiring activities in hot weather. If you still go outdoors, you should:
wear light loose-fitting (宽松的) clothing.
rest in a cool place as often as possible.
drink boiled water or fruit juice.
avoid drinks such as milk, wine and beer.
First Aid training
Some people go through training in order to provide first aid in public or at home, or other places where people get together. People performing a first aid role are often expected to have a high level of first aid training and are often uniformed. There are some organizations giving first aid courses recognized by the local government, such as the Red Cross.
When you’re at school or in any place, keeping safe is the most important thing for you to do. First aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly ill, including self-help and home care if doctors can’t appear in time. First aid knowledge means life or death during an emergency (紧急的) situation so that greatest possible good may be done for the greatest number of people.
23. When do we need to give first aid?
A. When doctors arrive. B. Before doctors arrive.
C. After doctors arrive. D. When patients are in the hospital.
24. If someone’s arm is burnt by fire, you should ________.
A. cut the burnt area off his arm B. cover the burnt area with some toothpaste
C. avoid moving him away from the heat D. put the burnt area under some running water
25. What may cause heatstroke on a hot day?
A. Staying in a cool place. B. Drinking boiled water or fruit juice.
C. Doing tiring outdoor activities. D. Wearing light loose-fitting clothing.
26. Where can people have first aid courses according to the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
27. What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A. To tell readers how to give first aid.
B. To tell readers how to avoid heatstroke.
C. To introduce some first aid training courses and schools.
D. To praise an organization that is related to first aid training.
7
Climate(气候)change will not only increase the world’s average(平均)temperature, and it will also increase the heatwaves(热浪)that are harming people and wildlife even now. Summertime is quickly becoming a dangerous season for all life on the earth.
Heatwaves have already produced attractive deaths in animals. Heatstroke (中暑)from such e-vents is also a present danger for people, especially the old.
Heatwaves can also have more effects on the bodies of animals. If wild animals are experiencing terribly high temperatures, although you won’t see death, you might see changes in their bodies that show they’re getting close to death. By studying responses like these, scientists could get a nearly warning sign before heatwaves start to produce more serious results. Some research deals with these kinds of responses to make predictions about how climate change will have an influence on humans, animals and ecosystems. As for when this kind of events will happen and just how terrible they’ll be, predictions are different. We can’t say it’s going to happen next year. But if we continue giving off CO2 like this, by the end of this century, we’re going to see heatwaves that will be more powerful than those that have killed large numbers of people and wildlife.
As carbon dioxide(CO2) and other greenhouse gases(气体)keep in heat and raise the earth’s average temperature, the heatwaves will come more often.
Climate change is having a great influence on the earth. Scientists are now calling for action to deal with the bad influence of heatwaves on the planet.
28. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. Heatwaves can help deal with climate change.
B. Temperature increase is related to climate change.
C. Wildlife won’t be harmed by heatwaves.
29. The underlined word “responses” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 理论 B. 动机 C. 反应
30. It can be inferred that heatwaves in the future will ________.
A. protect the parts of the earth where humans are living
B. kill more people and wildlife if we don’t take any action
C. have no influence on humans, animals or ecosystems
31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Heatstroke (中暑)is a present danger for people except the old.
B. It will be easier for humans and animals to live in the terribly hot summer.
C. Predictions about the influence of climate change are various.
32. Which is the best title of the passage?
A. The Influence of Climate(气候)Change.
B. The Living Animals on the Earth.
C. The Way to Stop the Heatwaves.
二、完形填空
A bottle of water may not seem like much to you, but thousands of bottles will be of great help for people who live in drought-hit(遭受旱灾) areas in China.
Last autumn, there was ___33___ rain in Southwest China. Some places, especially in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, ___34___ a serious drought. Crops died, the land cracked(裂开), and well and rivers dried up. More than 20 million people are having ___35___ in finding safe drinking water.
After learning about the drought, many people around the country ___36___ water, money and other things to help. Last week, the Communist Youth League(共青团员) and Young Pioneers ___37___ each student to give one bottle of water to the drought-hit areas. Students in primary school and middle schools ___38___ joined the activity. In Yuhua Primary School in Xi’an, 900 students bought over 1,000 bottles of water with their pocket money. They also wrote their ___39___ on the bottles, “I hope you get more rain there. I hope you are happy.”
A bottle of water isn’t much, but thousands of bottles will be very ___40___ . The serious drought has also made students ___41___ the importance of saving water. “The children in drought-hit areas won’t have enough drinking water unless we do something to help,” said one student. “I decide to take a ___42___ twice a week to save water,” he said.
33. A. much B. little C. small D. low
34. A. solved B. experienced C. managed D. mentioned
35. A. fun B. time C. trouble D. joy
36. A. gave away B. gave up C. gave in D. gave off
37. A. set up B. held up C. carried on D. called on
38. A. slowly B. probably C. quickly D. hardly
39. A. plans B. notes C. changes D. wishes
40. A. helpful B. beautiful C. careful D. hopeful
41. A. think B. realize C. promise D. regard
42. A. message B. break C. walk D. shower


三、短文综合填空
阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或单词等提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。

A long time ago, there lived a boy named Rodney in the countryside. He was very ___43___ /ˈhæpi / with his family. But his happiness could not last ___44___ a long time. Rodney and his villagers faced a drought（干旱）. They waited for rains ____45____ the sky was clear. All the plants, and even animals started dying. Everyone ___46___ (be) worried about it .
One night, during a meet with other villagers, Rodney said, “Friends, we all heard stories from our grandparents about an underground river（地下河）____47____ (run) through our village. Why don’t we dig（挖）and see?” The villagers started digging together. They dug so hard ____48____ some of them forgot to sleep. But there was still no water. They ____49____/ felt / so sad. Rodney kept on digging. He said, “God is helping and guiding my way.”
One day, when he dug deep enough, Rodney saw water. His spirit（精神） of not giving up saved the whole village. “Never give up so ____50____ (easy),” Rodney told all the villagers. From then on, they are never ____51____ /ʃɔ:t/ of water. And whenever there are ____52____ (problem), all the villagers will work together and help each other.
四、书面表达
53. 同学们，目前西南旱情十分严重，大家都非常关心灾区人民的生活情况。请你用英语写一篇80词以上的短文（开头句已给出，不计入总词数），内容包括：
1. 简单描述目前灾区的旱情（如：雨水不足、饮用水缺乏、树木枯死、河流干涸，等等）；
2. 人们已经为灾区人民所做的事情；
3. 对灾区的同龄朋友们说几句话。
参考词汇：lack of（缺乏）
As we know, the southwest of China is suffering from serious drought(干旱) now. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
一、
1
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了气候变化正在危害着地球，这会导致一系列威胁人类生存与健康的问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting (融化) caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知，气候变化造成海上浮冰和北极冰川融化，而北极熊是靠海冰捕食海豹的，所以造成北极熊数量减少的原因不包括捕食，故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知，气候变化将导致更多的空气污染，疾病和水的缺乏等等，故选C。
3. 词义猜测题。根据“because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place”可知，因为它应该是一个非常寒冷的地方，所以inhospitable在这里的意思是“不适宜居住的”，故选B。
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段全段可知，澳大利亚、欧洲以及美国的西德克萨斯州都遭受了严重的干旱，而中国的东部和南部遭受了洪水，故选B。
5. 主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是气候变化对世界各地以及人类造成的危害，选项C“气候变化越来越严重”符合主题，故选C。
2
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了2018年世界水日的主题以及解决水资源问题的方法。
6. 细节理解题。根据“They will not solve the problem of drought(干旱) but should provide effective ways for improving water quality and increasing water supplies.”可知，它们能改善水质，并且增加供水。故选C。
7. 词句猜测题。根据下文“Bringing back forests, grasslands and natural wetlands；Connecting rivers to floodplains again；Building sand dams；Landscape restoration”可知，下文中提出的方法均是对大自然有益处的一些改变，所以划线部分“altering”与“changing”意思相近。故选A。
8. 细节理解题。根据“By bringing back natural ecosystems, we can help to rebalance water levels around the world, benefitting both humans and ecosystems”可知，因为它们帮助地球周围的水位恢复平衡，造福于人类和生态系统，所以恢复生态平衡很重要。故选D。
9. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要内容与“世界水日”有关，所以这篇文章很可能是来自报纸的一篇文章。故选C。
3
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了白蚁因为每年在美国吞噬数十亿美元的房产而登上新闻头条，它们的碳排放量约占全球的2%，人们想要杀死它们。但是科学家做实验表明，白蚁对自然生态系统的作用是不可估量的。
10. 词意猜测题。根据下文“They are thought to make the loss of billions of dollars each year …People hate them and are trying to kill them.”可知，此句“Termites get a bum rap in USA.”句意是“白蚁在美国备受诟病。”由此推知，“bum rap”意思是“坏印象”，故选A。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Scientists have known for years that in tropical forests, termites eat up fallen leaves and dead wood…so they removed termites from a particular place in the forest and saw what would happen.”可知，科学家们已经了解到白蚁对所生活的生态系统有好处。故选D。
12. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“What they found was unexpected: in the termite-rich areas, the soil stayed slightly wet, more trees sprouted, and the system was still full of activity during the long, dry period.”我们可以推断白蚁帮助雨林在干旱中生存。故选A。
13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“If we start damaging biological com munities, what will happen? And what if a species dies out?”可知，Griffiths在最后一段告诉我们在破化一个物种之前，我们应该三思而后行。故选C。
4
【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了气候变化越来越糟糕，恶劣的天气事件正在危害地球。
14. 细节理解题。根据文中“The sea ice loss and the Arctic ice melting caused by climate change have increased much in the last ten years. So they have pushed down the number of polar bears and seals while polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.”可知，减少北极熊的数量是：气候变化；海冰损失；北极冰层融化。没有提到选项A，故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据文中“It will also cause more air pollution, diseases and lack of clean water and so on.”可知，气候变化将导致空气污染和疾病。故选C。
16. 词句猜测题。根据下文“because it is supposed to be an extremely cold place.”可知，南极洲是地球上最不适宜居住的环境，划线单词inhospitable的意思是“不适合居住”，选项D符合题意，故选D。
17. 主旨大意题。根据文中“Climate change is bad for us human beings, which causes direct health problems.”可知，这篇短文主要讲述了气候变化越来越差，给地球带来了危害。故选C。
5
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了干旱的沙漠里的一些动植物的生存方式，尤其讲述了莫哈维沙漠虾的生存繁衍方式。
18. 细节理解题。根据“In addition, difficult as it is to believe, there are desert fish which can survive through years of drought in the form ... recorded.”可知，莫哈维沙漠虾能够以非活性卵的形式在多年的干旱中生存下来。故选C。
19. 词义猜测题。根据“If sufficient rain falls the next year to form another lake, the eggs hatch, and once again the shrimps pass rapidly through their cycle of growth, adulthood, egg-laying, and death.”可知，雨水足够多的情况下，卵就会孵化，小虾再一次快速地经历它们的生长、成年、产卵和死亡周期；反之，如果雨水不足够的话，这些卵就会进入休眠期，也就是说这些卵变得不活跃。故选A。
20. 推理判断题。根据“There are desert plants which survive the dry season in the form of inactive seeds.”和“Thus, on such occasions, the species multiplies considerably, which further ensures its survival.”可知，一些物种发展出一种独特的生活方式来在恶劣的环境中生存。故选D。
21. 细节理解题。根据“The eggs of the Mojave shrimps are the size and have the appearance of grains of sand.”可知，莫哈维沙漠虾的卵大小和沙粒一样，而并非是种子粒。故选A。
22. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了干旱的沙漠里的一些动植物的生存方式，尤其讲述了莫哈维沙漠虾的生存繁衍方式。故选B。
6
【答案与解析】本文主要针对烧伤、中暑给出了不同的急救措施。
23. 细节理解题。根据“First aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly ill, including self-help and home care if doctors can’t appear in time.”可知，在医生到达之前，我们需要急救。故选B。
24. 细节理解题。根据“Wash the burnt area with running water to reduce pain.”可知，如果有人的手臂被火烧伤，您应该将烧伤区域放在流水下。故选D。
25. 细节理解题。根据“To avoid heatstroke, you should stop tiring activities in hot weather.”可知，做累人的户外活动可能会导致中暑。故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据“There are some organizations giving first aid courses recognized by the local government, such as the Red Cross.”可知，人们可以在红十字会进行急救课程。故选A。
27. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要针对烧伤、中暑给出了不同的急救措施。因此作者写这篇文章的目的是为了告诉读者如何进行急救。故选A。
7
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了气候改变所带来的影响。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Climate(气候)change will not only increase the world’s average(平均)temperature, and it will also increase the heatwaves(热浪)that are harming people and wildlife even now.”可知，气候变化不仅会提高世界平均温度，还会增加热浪，甚至现在还在伤害人类和野生动物，所以气温升高与气候变化有关，B选项表述正确。故选B。
29. 词义猜测题。根据前面“If wild animals are experiencing terribly high temperatures, although you won’t see death, you might see changes in their bodies that show they’re getting close to death”可知，如果野生动物正经历着可怕的高温，尽管你不会看到死亡，但你可能会看到它们身体上的变化，表明它们正在接近死亡。结合后面“scientists could get a nearly warning sign before heatwaves start to produce more serious results”可知，科学家们可以在热浪开始产生更严重的结果之前得到一个几乎警告的信号。结合选项可知，此处responses应该意为“反应”，故选C。
30. 细节理解题。根据“But if we continue giving off CO2 like this, by the end of this century, we’re going to see heatwaves that will be more powerful than those that have killed large numbers of people and wildlife.”可知，如果我们继续这样排放二氧化碳，到本世纪末，我们将看到比那些杀死大量人和野生动物的热浪更强大的热浪。所以如果我们不采取任何行动，未来的热浪将持续杀死更多的人和野生动物。故选B。
31. 判断正误题。根据全文内容及“As for when this kind of events will happen and just how terrible they’ll be, predictions are different.”可知，关于气候变化影响的预测有很多种，选项C表述正确。故选C。
32. 标题归纳题。通读全文及第一段“Climate(气候)change will not only increase the world’s average(平均)temperature… for all life on the earth.”可知，气候变化不仅会提高世界平均温度，而且还会增加热浪，甚至现在都在伤害人类和野生动物，夏季正迅速成为地球上所有生命的危险季节。因此本文主要介绍了气候改变所带来的影响，A选项符合本文主旨。故选A。
二、
【答案与解析】一瓶水也许不算什么，但对于生活在干旱地区的人却很有意义，本文向我们介绍很多人为旱区捐水、钱和其他用品。呼吁人们节约用水，意识到节水的重要性。
33. 句意：去年秋天，中国西南部很少下雨。
much许多；little少；small小的；low低的。根据“a serious drought”可知，严重的干旱，所以降水少，故选B。
34. 句意：一些地方，特别是云南、广西、四川、贵州，经历了严重的干旱。
solved解决；experienced经历；managed管理；mentioned提及。根据“Some places, especially in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou…a serious drought.”可知，一些地方经历了严重的干旱，故选B。
35. 句意：超过2000万人难以找到安全的饮用水。
fun乐趣；time时间；trouble麻烦；joy欢乐。根据“More than 20 million people are having…in finding safe drinking water.”可知，由于干旱，所以在找到安全的饮用水上有麻烦，故选C。
36. 句意：在得知旱灾后，全国各地的许多人捐出水、钱和其他东西来帮助灾民。
gave away赠送；gave up放弃；gave in屈服；gave off发出。根据“After learning about the drought, many people around the country…water, money and other things to help.”可知，很多人在得知旱灾后，捐赠水、钱和其他东西，故选A。
37. 句意：上周，共青团和少先队员号召每个学生给干旱地区送一瓶水。
set up建立；held up举起；carried on继续；called on拜访，号召。根据“the Communist Youth League(共青团员) and Young Pioneers…each student to give one bottle of water to the drought-hit areas”可知，是号召学生送水，故选D。
38. 句意：小学、中学的同学们很快就加入了这个活动。
slowly缓慢地；probably可能；quickly迅速地；hardly几乎不。根据“Students in primary school and middle schools…joined the activity.”可知，号召发出后很多学生迅速加入了活动，故选C。
39. 句意：他们还在瓶子上写下了自己的愿望：“我希望那里能有更多的雨。”
plans计划；notes笔记；changes改变；wishes希望。根据“I hope you get more rain there. I hope you are happy.”可知，是表达希望，故选D。
40. 句意：一瓶水不算多，但成千上万瓶水会很有帮助。
helpful有帮助的；beautiful美丽的；careful仔细的；hopeful有希望的。根据“bottle of water isn’t much, but thousands of bottles will be very…”可知，对于旱区来说，成千上万瓶水会很有帮助，故选A。
41. 句意：严重的干旱也让学生们意识到节约用水的重要性。
think认为；realize意识到；promise承诺；regard注重。根据“The serious drought has also made students…the importance of saving water.”可知，是意识到节约用水的重要性，故选B。
42. 句意：“为了节约用水，我决定每周洗两次澡，”他说。
message信息；break休息；walk步行；shower淋浴。根据“I decide to take a…twice a week to save water”可知，此处是take a shower“洗淋浴”，固定短语，故选D。
三、
43. happy
44. for
45. but
46. was
47. running
48. that
49. felt
50. easily
51. short
52. problems
【解析】本文讲述罗德尼的村庄发生干旱，他建议村民挖地下水，但是挖了一段时间后仍然没有得到水，很多人都放弃了，但是罗德尼没有放弃，最后成功地挖到了水。村民从罗德尼身上受到了启发，从那时起，无论有什么问题，村民们都齐心协力并且相互帮助。
43. 句意：他和家人在一起很开心。根据空前“was”可知，用形容词，且根据音标可知，用happy“开心的”，故填happy。
44. 句意：但是他的开心没有持续很长时间。根据空前“last”以及空后“a long time”可知，空处用介词，last for“持续”，故填for。
45. 句意：他们等待着下雨，但是天空是晴朗的。根据句意可知，等待着下雨，但是天空是晴朗的，不会下雨，表示转折，故填but。
46. 句意：每个人都很担心。本句话主语为“everyone”，表语是“worried”，所以空处用be动词。根据“All the plants, and even animals started dying”可知，用一般过去时，且主语为“everyone”，故填was。
47. 句意：一天，在和其他村民开会期间，罗德尼说：“朋友们，我们所有人都从我们祖父母那里听说过关于地下河流经我们村庄的故事”。空处使用非谓语，“underground river”与“run”之间是主动关系，故填running。
48. 句意：他们挖得如此地努力以至于他们当中的一些人忘记了睡觉。根据空前“so hard”以及句意可知，用so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构，故填that。
49. 句意：他们感到如此地悲伤。根据音标以及空后“so sad”可知，空处用感官动词feel的过去式felt，故填felt。
50. 句意：不要如此轻易地放弃。根据句意可知，空处用副词修饰动词短语give up，easily“容易地”，故填easily。
51. 句意：从那时开始，他们从不缺水。根据“Rodney saw water”以及音标可知，用be short of“缺乏”，故填short。
52. 句意：无论什么时候有困难，所有的村民都会同心协力并且相互帮助。根据“there are”可知，空处用复数形式，故填problems。
四、
As we know, the southwest of China is suffering from serious drought(干旱) now. It hasn’t rained for a long time. There is not enough water for the people and the animals. The farms and the rivers are dry. The plants and the grass are dead. People in the whole country have done many things for them. For example, some gave money to them. Some sent them water. Some stars had parties to raise money for them. I’d like to tell you that you aren’t alone. We all care for you. We will try our best to help you. Don’t give up. Just face the challenges instead, and hold on. Everything will be OK soon. Let’s save water and look after our earth in the future.
【写作提示】本文介绍目前西南旱情十分严重，大家都非常关心灾区人民的生活情况。首先要用正确的格式去写，会用一些短语，了解英语的句子结构与汉语的不同，需要平时对课本上的课文要正确地理解，会仿照课文的句子写出正确的英语句子，用一般现在时，现在进行时及一般将来时，用第一人称来叙述。