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热点02 劳动教育进课堂-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)
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这是一份热点02 劳动教育进课堂-备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)，共20页。试卷主要包含了劳动能唤起人的创造力，不付出劳动就不会有收获，只要靠劳动，大地最慷慨，只有人的劳动才是神圣的等内容，欢迎下载使用。
备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练
热点02 劳动教育进课堂
2022年秋季学期起，劳动课将正式成为中小学的一门独立课程。2022年版义务教育阶段“新课标”显示，清洁与卫生、整理与收纳、烹饪与健康、农业生产劳作等任务，将分别贯穿不同年级段。小学生将被要求会炒西红柿鸡蛋，搞得了盆栽水产养殖等。
此前，我国中小学就有劳动教育，不过一直存在被边缘化、弱化等问题。2015年，教育部等部门发布《加强中小学劳动教育的意见》中就直指这一问题，提出劳动教育在学校中被弱化，在家庭中被软化，在社会中被淡化，中小学生劳动机会减少、劳动意识缺乏，出现了一些学生轻视劳动、不会劳动、不珍惜劳动成果的现象。小学生不会剥煮熟的鸡蛋、不会拿扫帚扫地，大学生让家长定期到校洗衣服、请家政公司来宿舍搞卫生……这样的报道频频引发社会热议。
将劳动课独立成一门课程，释放出国家高度重视劳动教育的明晰信号，是推进“五育并举”的重要举措。而要让学校、家长和社会真正重视劳动教育，需要对症下药，找准劳动教育被弱化、淡化、软化的根源所在，强化依法治教；同时改革教育评价体系，推进全社会形成新的教育观和成才观，培养学生形成健康的劳动价值观。
中小学校按课程方案与标准开齐开足上好国家规定的课程，是依法治教的基本要求。但具体到学校办学实践中，却存在重视智育，轻视美育、德育、劳育等功利化、短视化办学倾向。有的地方教育部门和学校，按课程与中高考的关系，把课程分为“主课”“副课”并区别对待，结果就是所谓的“副课”被挤占成常事。如果依法治教不能落在实处，“五育并举”不能被坚持，那么即便劳动课独立成为一门课程，其被弱化的老问题将依旧存在。
对于劳动教育，社会上存在一些错误的认识。比如，有家长就对劳动课的设置持保留态度，认为孩子去学校是读书不是去做体力劳动。还有观点认为，人工智能时代“引导”学生从事体力劳动、生产劳动，系逆势之选。炒菜的话，买一个机器人炒菜机就能解决问题，让学生学炒菜似无必要。在家庭教育中，不少家长替孩子包办除学习之外的一切事宜，将劳动立作学习的对立面，甚至用“不努力读书，今后就去做‘苦力’”等对孩子进行“恐吓教育”。这些错误的认识与教育方式亟须纠正。
对学生进行劳动教育，不仅是要培养学生自主生活的技能，更重要的是让学生形成健康的劳动价值观，尊重劳动、尊重劳动者。很难说，学生不愿意成为技能人才、职业院校不安于职业教育定位的现象与“崇尚读书、漠视劳动”这一观念的长期影响没有关系。
实现家长和社会对劳动教育的认知纠偏，需要深入推进教育评价改革。对照2020年发布的教育评价改革总体方案，或可将劳动教育评价作为探索教育评价改革的重要实践。评价学生是否上好劳动课，显然不应采取结果评价方式，进行所谓的劳动课考试，而应关注学生参加生产劳动、服务劳动的表现，重视学生对劳动的体验，进行写实性、过程性评价，将其纳入综合素质发展档案。学校和家长必须意识到，义务教育阶段必须重视学生的全面发展与核心素养培养，如此方能为孩子未来成长打下坚实的基础。
相关话题拓展阅读
家庭教育：回归生活教育才更健康
家庭教育最重要的基础是家庭生活，家庭教育的中心是亲子互动。在家庭生活中，家庭成员通过互动增强家庭关系、完善家庭功能。家庭教育问题从根本上说是家庭生活的问题。
家庭关系的好坏决定着家庭教育的成败，也关系着家庭的和谐与幸福。亲密和谐的家庭关系对孩子来讲尤为重要。在亲子关系方面，家长们要尊重儿童的各种权利，包括生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权等。通过构建和谐的家庭关系，才能促使家庭生活教育形成最具稳定性的内在教育影响力和向心力。
家庭教育的本质是生活教育，美好的生活要靠劳动来创造，一个在家里从来没有劳动岗位或任务的孩子，难以有责任感，生存能力也难以得到进一步发展。研究显示，童年养成劳动习惯的孩子，长大后更有可能具有责任心，也更容易适应家庭生活和职场的工作；反之，他们更有可能成为生活和职场的失败者。劳动教育既可以培养孩子的自理自立的能力，也可以培养孩子的自信心和责任感，因此，劳动教育是家庭生活教育的必修课。值得注意的是，我们不仅仅要培养孩子认识劳动的价值并且有劳动的体验，更要注重劳动习惯的养成，因为习惯才是稳定的、自动化的行为。父母要充分发挥家庭生活教育的优势，抓住日常生活中的劳动实践，以身作则激发孩子对劳动的热情，鼓励孩子自觉参与、掌握家庭生活中的几项劳动技能，并进行具体的训练，长期坚持以养成习惯。
和谐的家庭关系、积极健康的家庭生活方式，各种各样的家庭规则等都会形成一种独特的家庭文化氛围，潜移默化地影响孩子的成长，同时孩子也会在家庭文化的熏陶下不断汲取营养，滋润心灵和精神。例如，可以构建学习型家庭，进行阅读、音乐绘画欣赏；建立家庭档案，逐步积累家庭文化成果；注重挖掘、利用传统家训家规中的优秀资源，制定符合时代需求的家规，形成良好的家风文化；进行亲子游戏互动，构建和谐的家庭关系，让孩子在充满爱的家庭生活中成长。高质量的文化生活，努力向上充满活力的家庭文化，不仅能够丰富孩子的内心世界，还能够塑造孩子对美的感知和体会。
总之，改善家庭教育要从注重生活教育开始，让家庭教育回归美好生活，给家庭生活以教育，在家庭生活中进行教育。家庭教育要为儿童的幸福生活打下坚实的基础，让儿童在家庭生活中拥有走向独立与幸福的能力，从内心生发出一种强大的精神支撑，一种让家庭生活与个人发展更富有魅力的生命力量。
1.劳动教育 labor education / education on the hard-working spirit
例如：Through education on the hard-working spirit, students should acquire basic working capability for livelihood and individual development, and form good working habits.（通过劳动教育，学生应具备满足生存发展需要的基本劳动能力，形成良好劳动习惯。）
注：
acquire v. 学到；获得
working capability 劳动能力
livelihood n. 生存
individual development 个人发展
2.综合能力comprehensive capability
3.素质教育well-rounded education
4.教书育人impart knowledge and cultivate people
5.要努力构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系，形成更高水平的人才培养体系。
We should build an education system which comprehensively fosters the students' all-round moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic grounding with a hard-working spirit, in a bid to bring the country's personnel fostering system to a higher level.
6.你们从小就要树立劳动光荣的观念，自己的事自己做，他人的事帮着做，公益的事争着做。
You should respect and honor hard work. Do your own work and be willing to help others as well as the public.
7.劳动能唤起人的创造力。
Labor can arouse people's creativity.
8.不付出劳动就不会有收获。
Do not pay labor will not reap.
9.只要靠劳动，大地最慷慨。
As long as the labor, the earth's most generous.
10.只有人的劳动才是神圣的。
Only man's labor is holy.
11.劳动是惟一导向知识的道路。
Labor is the only road oriented knowledge.
12.不劳动者无法从中获得裨益。
No workers cannot get benefits.
13.土地是财富之母，劳动是其父。
Land is the mother of wealth and labor is the father.
14.珍视劳动，珍视人才，人才难得呀！
Value work, cherish talents, talents is rare!
15.对劳动的爱是在社会上的人的美德。
Love of labor is man's virtue in society.
16.平民靠劳动糊口，贵人以地位为命。
Civilians by labor, noble status for life.
17.劳动是财富之父，土地是财富之母。
Labor is the father of wealth, land is the mother of wealth.
18.劳动的成果是所有果实中最甜美的。
The results of labor is the sweetest fruit of all.
19.劳动使人心情开朗，劳动就是美德。
Makes a person cheerful, labor is virtue.
一、阅读理解
1
Can you cook? Recently, the Ministry of Education released the “Compulsory Education Labor curriculum standards (2022)”《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》. Which formulated the students “Sorting and receiving (整理与收纳)”, “Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work” and other academic goals (目标).
The standards will begin in September, 2022. Next term, we students will learn how to cook. We will learn how to cook 2-3 kinds of home-cooked dishes (家常菜), such as fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup and so on. We should also take part in the whole process (过程) of choosing, washing, cooking and serving dishes. And we will also learn to design a nutritious diet for lunch or dinner according to our family needs.
In a word, we must understand the relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition. Are you excited? What do you think of it? You can e-mail us and tell us what you think.
1. What goals do the standards formulate the students?
A. Sorting and receiving.
B. Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work.
C. Sorting and receiving, household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work.
D. Cooking.
2. When will the standards begin?
A. From September, 2022. B. Tomorrow.
C. Next week. D. Last year.
3. What kinds of home-cooked dishes should students learn in the standards?
A. Fried tomato and eggs. B. Fried eggs.
C. Bone soup. D. Fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup.
4. What should the students also understand from the passage?
A. The relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition.
B. How to cook.
C. How to do sports.
D. How to do their homework.
2
Do you know how to cook, clean or grow plants? If not, you will know soon. These will all be part of Chinese public education starting this fall.
A new standard (标准) for labor (劳动) education recently came out. Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills. The standard includes different tasks for each grade. For example, fifth and sixth-graders learn to cook two or three common dishes, like fried eggs or scrambled eggs with tomato (番茄炒蛋).
This move is to enrich Chinese students’ life and build their character through labor. Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention (重视) to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day, China Daily reported.
In addition to household skills, students will have a chance to try new technologies like 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). They will also learn to make traditional handicrafts (手工艺品).
5. The new standard shows different grades________.
A. must do the same things
B. have different tasks
C. have at least one class a month
D. try and experience all kinds of labor
6. What does the 2019 report means?
A. American education is better than Chinese.
B. Chinese kids isn’t good at practical activity.
C. Chinese labor education is not good enough.
D. The report of China Daily is not true.
7. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Labor Education to Build Character
B. Chinese Education and American Education.
C. Chinese Public education Starting this Fall
D. We should Pay Enough Attention to Cooking
3
①I grew up in the countryside. I didn’t understand what it brought to me until I became an adult. It helped me learn more practical skills (实践技能) than those who grew up in cities.
②The first skill I learnt was cooking. Since my parents often came home late and a prepared meal would help them have supper soon, I learned to make dough (面团) at around 10 years old. It sounds easy but very difficult to do. However, it didn’t take too long for me to find the right way. A year after that, I learned to cook different things like noodles and dumplings. I fell in love with cooking because it’s really relaxing. More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better during the pandemic (疫情) because I cook every meal instead of ordering online. It saves money and I don’t have to wait for drivers to feed me.
③Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. Though it was hard work, the experience did teach me things. For example, I learned that the fruits of peanut (花生) and ginger (生姜) plants grow under the earth. Also, the truth of happiness sometimes comes from learning firsthand (直接地). You’ll treasure everything on your plate.
④The practical skills I learned not only improve my self-care ability but also provide me with a new way to look at the world. So when I heard in China students in primary and middle school will have at least one class every week to learn some skills like cooking and cleaning, I was much too happy. Trust me. The labor education will help you for the rest of your life.
8. According to the passage, the writer learned the following skills EXCEPT ________.
A. cooking skills B. cleaning skills C. planting skills
9. Which one is TRUE according to Paragraph Two?
A. It took the writer a long time to learn to make dough.
B. Since the writer was 10, he has been in love with cooking.
C. During the pandemic, the writer cooks by himself every day.
10. What didn’t the writer learn from farm work?
A. Knowledge about differences between farms.
B. The truth of happiness.
C. The importance of saving food.
11. What is the structure (结构) of the passage?
A. B. C.
12. What does the writer think of labor education?
A. He thinks that students will be happy with the coming labor education.
B. He believes that labor education is quite needed among students.
C. He isn’t very sure of the future use of labor education for pupils.
4
Students from Taizhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province, experience farming during their labor (劳动) course. As we all know, the life skills like cooking and painting are important and should be taught as part of labor education.
On June 3, 2020, the Ministry of Education (MOE) (教育部) gave a document (文件) showing the revised curriculum (修改后的方案) for senior high schools across the country. Labor education includes housework, school labor and community voluntary (志愿的) services and so on.
“Labor education must be carried out (实施) with the purpose to make the right view (观点) of the world, life and values and develop an interest in doing chores,” said Vice-Minister of Education Zheng Fuzhi.
According to China Youth Daily, the labor course will take six credits (学分) — the same as foreign language and physics. Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits. The MOE also asks schools to make sure 40 hours of voluntary service during the full three school years.
According to Xinhua, adding labor education was out of care that the country’s young people do too little housework and that they think labor jobs aren’t important. Because of a lot of school pressure, schools pay more attention to the course of education, and parents may think that the chores waste their kids’ time.
According to a survey, middle school students in China only spend 12 minutes a day on chores, compared with 72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France. However, doing housework does not distract (使分心) young people. Instead, they are necessary for developing a strong working spirit, according to Julie Lythcott-Haims, the writer of How to Raise an Adult. “The earlier you started, the better ...” he said.
13. If you ________, you can get the credits of the labor course.
A. do volunteer work B. go traveling C. do homework D. learn to drive a car
14. What did Zheng Fuzhi talk about?
A. The time to carry out labor education.
B. The way to carry out labor education.
C. The place to carry out labor education.
D. The purpose to carry out labor education.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Parents should learn the life skill.
B. Labor is as important as foreign language.
C. It’s necessary for the students to develop strong working spirits.
D. Young people should pay attention to the course of education.
5
Starting with this fall term, students in primary and middle schools will have at least one course every week on basic household skills such as cleaning and cooking, according to a new curriculum standard (课程标准) for labor education in compulsory (强制的；义务的) education made by the government. Should household skills be made compulsory at schools?
Michael: By learning basic skills like cooking, cleaning and maintaining home appliances (电器) children can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. Parents won’t always be there to help their children with every problem they’ll meet in their lives. They need to learn new things, make mistakes, solve problems and grow from their experiences. It is necessary for children to learn these important lifesaving skills as early as possible.
Eliza: Many students have to study for the whole day and simply don’t have the time to develop their interests. A compulsory household skills class can give them more chances to meet various aspects of life and help them discover different passions. Some children who are interested in food or those who have an interest in maintaining home appliances can develop these skills in the class.
Jade: There are only limited hours in a school day. With all the required classes there is not enough time for household courses. I think it is something that parents need to do at home with their children, having them help around the house with cooking, cleaning, washing, planting. etc. Remember school can’t teach your children everything. They need you, too!
Ben: Household courses should be made optional (可选择的) for students. They should be given the choice to take whatever they like. If one wants to cook dishes, he or she is welcome. But it should not be made compulsory and forced onto every student.
Linda: Schools should have cooking classes. Children will be taught about their food, where it comes from, how to use the cooking tools properly and how to cook nutritiously. Many parents don’t have this knowledge and have no time or energy to do this. A household class would provide the knowledge and training that parents are unable to give their children.
Maria: I learned some basic cooking skills from my mother, but most of them were learned after I graduated from college, from cooking books and online short videos. Household skills like cooking are much more useful than a lot of what is taught in schools, but it does require some fully equipped (配备齐全的) kitchens. I hope these classes will benefit (使受益) students and not be seen as window dressing.
16. Jade thinks household courses ________.
A. should be made optional B. are good for students’ growth
C. should be taught by parents at home D. can help children develop their interests
17. The underlined phrase “window dressing” probably means “________”.
A. good look but not clever B. good form but not achievable
C. good taste but not healthy D. good style but not popular
18. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. show different ideas about household courses
B. introduce something about household courses
C. encourage students to study household courses
D. tell parents the importance of household courses
6
Can you cook? If so, what are your specialty dishes?
For middle and primary school students, being able to cook will become a must in the near future.They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry（家禽）and repair home appliances（家电）under new requirements for labor（劳动）education.
The Ministry of Education（MOE）recently published a new curriculum standard（课程标准）for labor education. Starting from the 2022 fall semester（学期） , students in primary and middle schools will take courses on labor skills at least once a week. The new standards includes three types of labor tasks.The first is everyday chores（家务事）, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and repairing home appliances. Next is productive labor（生产劳动） , including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts（手工艺品） , and using new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting: The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.
Because students have a lot of study stress, schools pay more attention to study, and many think housework is useless. But according to the MOE, labor education must be strengthened（加强）to help students form social values and develop an interest in labor.
The new curriculum also came along with the ministry’s 2022 work plan, it stressed that labor education improve students’ all-round development.
Following the publication of the curriculum, Internet users have discussed the changes online. Many welcomed such courses and said it is necessary to teach young students basic life skills. Some have regretted not learning such skills during their own school days.
Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, is a strong supporter of labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family.
“The main idea is to let them share responsibility（责任） as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination（协调）, time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.
19. What do we know about the new curriculum standard for labor education?
A. It will officially start on June 1, 2022.
B. It provides a detailed group of labor tasks.
C. It requires students to do housework once a week.
D. It mainly requires middle school students for labor education.
20. What do Paragraphs 5-6 mainly talk about?
A. Teachers' Idea for labor education.
B. Problems that appear in labor education.
C. The new curriculum's influence on schools.
D. Reasons for strengthening labor education.
21. What does Liu Fang think of the new curriculum standard for labor education?
A. Doubtful. B. Powerful. C. Unpractical. D. Meaningful.
22. According to the passage, we know that ________.
A. schools pay more attention to productive labor
B. many Internet users aren’t interested in the changes
C. labor education can help students learn the value of labor
D. the new curriculum standard only includes everyday housework
7
Sun Jiarui, a 10-year-old girl from Outang Central Primary School in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, recently becomes famous online for her cooking skills. Sun, who has been learning to cook from her father since she was eight, can now cook more than 50 dishes. The Outang Central Primary School has also gotten Sun and her father to promote the cooking arts to the students.
China’s Ministry of Education has issued the Life Skills Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 edition) (《义务教育劳动课程标准(2022 年版)》). In the coming term in September, primary and secondary school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course(劳动课) in their schedule, with at least one class every week.
The new course has three types of tasks: everyday housework, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and repairing home appliances; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts; and volunteer work.
Primary school students will be asked to understand and master the basics of home cooking, from preparing vegetables to finally being able to complete the whole process of home cooking by themselves.
News that primary and secondary school students will learn cooking from September became one of the top trending topics on Sina Weibo, attracting more than 300 million views.
“This reminds me of my life skills class in primary school. I learned to make dumplings and do simple needlework,” one Weibo user commented. “These will be lifelong skills for these kids, helping them develop into well-rounded grown-ups, not just students who are able to take exams,” said another user.
As part of the “double reduction” policy(双减政策) aiming to reduce homework and time spent on after-school private tutoring, life skills education has become a new highlight of education reform.
A Beijing-based educational expert said that education should pay attention to “the progress of individual students” and a change in priority from “the evaluation of results to the process”. “We should use comprehensive assessment to observe each student’s growth and progress, instead of just focusing on exams,” said the expert.
23. Why does the writer mention the 10-year-old girl Sun Jiarui?
A. Because she becomes famous on the Internet.
B. Because she will teach students cooking skills at school.
C. Because she could cook over 50 dishes when she was 8.
D. Because she has set a good example of learning life skills.
24. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A. teach B. keep C. learn D. offer
25. What can we learn about the Life Skills Curriculum Standards?
A. It will be carried out in the new term next year.
B. It will provide few chances for kids to learn lifelong skills.
C. Less attention will be given to students’ progress instead of exams.
D. Everyday housework, productive labor and volunteer work are encouraged.
二、完形填空
“Look down. What can your hands do?” In the 2022 outside-school activity of Wuhan Yucai Homeland Primary School, teachers guided _________ educated students to understand that labor is not easy by taking pictures of worker’s hands immersed in cold water, hands protecting _________ , hands guarding system, hands bending over and caring, hands giving confidence, hands spreading notes and hands imparting（传授）knowledge.
_________ the activity, young children fastened buttons and shoelaces, cared about each other, and buckled out love. The older _________ weaved hand ropes, wore rope buckles and roped buckles and knots. The students in senior years _________ up creative Chinese knots, which went hand in hand with each other. They gave the knots, buttons and Chinese knots made by themselves to _________ workers in the school, unknown school workers and hard-working teachers _________ their gratitude（感激）.
The principal of Yucai Homeland Primary School introduces _________ since the implementation（实施）of the “double reduction” policy, the school _________ more attention to adding in labor education, actively developed labor courses suitable for children of each grade, created __________ interesting and warm school-based culture of labor education, and educated students to internalize and externalize the virtues of advocating and loving labor and weave a happy life with hard-working hands.
26. A. or B. but C. and D. so
27. A. safe B. safety C. save D. safely
28. A. During B. With C. For D. By
29. A. student B. students’ C. student’s D. students
30. A. make B. made C. makes D. was making
31. A. the most beautiful B. beautiful
C. more beautiful D. most beautiful
32. A. express B. expressing C. to express D. to expressing
33. A. that B. which C. if D. whether
34. A. pay B. paid C. have paid D. has paid
35. A. a B. an C. the D. /
三、短文首字母填空
How many of you do household chores at home? It’s reported that few teenagers would like to spend time on them. In their opinion, it’s a complete w____36____ of time. Some even think they should be taken good care of by their parents all the time. However, such life skills are really necessary.
On June 3, 2020, the Ministry of Education (MOE) produced a document（文件）for high schools. A____37____ to the document, labor education is listed as a compulsory（必修的）c____38____ for high school students. It would be as i____39____ as the foreign language or physics. And each of them takes sixcredits（学分）. Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits. The MOE also asks schools to make sure students do 40 hours of voluntary service d____40____ the full three school years.
A recent study shows that teenagers in China are doing very little housework. Primary and middle school students spend only 12 minutes a day on chores, c____41____ to 72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France.
Parents think doing household chores would make students pay less a____42____ to their schoolwork. In fact, it is very h____43____ for teenagers. Chores can not only teach teamwork and problem-solving s____44____ but also give people a sense of pride. “Through such education, students are expected to develop working abilities as well as a better u_____45_____ of the world,” said Zheng Fuzhi, vice-minister of the MOE.
四、短文选词填空
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
first, require, among, care, be, different, both, habit, how, finally
Cooking is supposed to be the most basic living skill for humans. However, there are many kids who are used to being fed and taken ____46____ of everywhere like “little emperors and little princesses”. They can’t tell the ____47____between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots（小葱）.
In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education ____48____ students, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released（发布）the guidelines. The guidelines call for students to respect labor（劳动）work. Students should learn basic life skills and develop good working ____49____ through such education.
Students will be ____50____ to understand and master the basics of home cooking from preparing vegetables to ____51____ being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently. These will be lifelong skills for kids, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals（个体）not just students who ____52____ able to take exams.
As children’s ____53____ teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn ____54____ to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
It’s really important for students to take labor education ____55____ at school and at home.
五、书面表达
56. 根据要求完成大作文。词数：80 ~100词。
某校报英语专栏针对劳动教育(labor education)开展征文活动。请按照下面的图示及写作要求，谈谈你的劳动体验和感受。
写作要求：
1. 内容包含图中所有要点；
2. 文章中不得出现真实人名和校名；
3. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Labor education is important. I often take part in some activities. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、
1
【答案与解析】本文介绍了《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》为学生制定的目标，根据该标准下学期学生将要学习如何做饭。他们将会学会做2—3道家常菜。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Which formulated the students “Sorting and receiving (整理与收纳)”, “Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work” and other academic goals (目标).”可知，《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》为学生制定“整理与收纳”、“家庭清洁、烹饪、家居美化等日常生活工作”等学术目标。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“The standards will begin in September, 2022.”可知，该标准将于2022年9月开始实施。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据“We will learn how to cook 2-3 kinds of home-cooked dishes (家常菜), such as fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup and so on.”可知，学生应该学会制作的家常菜有西红柿炒鸡蛋，煎蛋和骨头汤，故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据“In a word, we must understand the relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition.”可知，学生应该了解不同的烹饪方法和食物营养之间的关系。故选A。
2
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国劳动教育的新标准将于今年秋季在中小学实施，并介绍了其实施的必要性和具体措施。
5. 细节理解题。根据“The standard includes different tasks for each grade.”可知新的标准对每个年级提出了不同的任务。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。根据“Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day,”可知中国孩子每天用于实践活动的时间短，主要是因为以往我们的学校教育对这方面重视不够，故选C。
7. 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了我国劳动教育的新标准将实施，实施的目的是让孩子们更多的参加实践，丰富生活，培养品质，故选A。
3
【答案与解析】本文讲作者自小生活在农村，学会了一些受益终身的劳动技能，当听到中国讲开设劳动教育课的时候，作者由衷感到高兴。
8. 细节理解题。根据“Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables.”可知作者学会了烹饪技巧和种植技巧，没有提到清洁技巧。故选B。
9. 细节理解题。根据“More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better during the pandemic because l cook every meal instead of ordering online.”可知在疫情期间，作者每天自己做饭。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据“Also, the truth of happiness sometimes comes from learning firsthand. You’ll treasure everything on your plate.”可知作者从农活中学到了幸福的真谛和节约粮食的重要性。未了解不同农场之间的差异。故选A。
11. 篇章结构题。段①总写作者在农村长大学到了更多的实用技能；段②③分别讲学到了哪些技能；段④讲了这些技能使作者带来的好处，及作者对开展劳动教育课的看法。属于“总——分——总”结构。故选B。
12. 观点态度题。根据“So when I heard in China students in primary and middle school will have at least one class every week to learn some skills like cooking and cleaning, I was much too happy. Trust me. The labor education will help you for the rest of your life.”可知作者认为对学生进行劳动教育是非常必要的。故选B。
4
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了教育部重视劳动教育，将劳动教育课程纳入普通高中课程中。
13. 细节理解题。根据“Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits.”可知如果你是做志愿者工作，你就可以拿到劳动课的学分。故选A。
14. 细节理解题。根据“Labor education must be carried out with the purpose to make the right view of the world, life and values and develop an interest in doing chores”可知劳动教育必须以树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观为目的，培养做家务的兴趣，由此可知他讨论了开展劳动教育的目的。故选D。
15. 主旨大意题。根据“they are necessary for developing a strong working spirit”以及本文内容可知本文主要讲述了教育部重视劳动教育，将劳动教育课程纳入普通高中课程中，可见学生有必要培养强烈的工作精神。故选C。
5
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了六位学生对于“家庭技能是否应该成为学校的必修课”这个话题的的不同观点。
16. 细节理解题。根据“I think it is something that parents need to do at home with their children, having them help around the house with cooking, cleaning, washing, planting. etc.”可知，Jade认为这是父母需要在家里和孩子一起做的事情，即家庭课程应该由家长在家教授。故选C。
17. 词句猜测题。根据“I hope these classes will benefit students and not be seen as window dressing.”可知，划线词所在句子中含有否定词“not”表示转折，可推测意为“Maria希望这个课程能够让学生受益，而不是徒有形式”，与B选项good form but not achievable“形式很好，但无法实现”同义。故选B。
18. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了六位学生对于“家庭技能是否应该成为学校的必修课”这个话题的的不同观点。故选A。
6
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了教育部最近发布的新的《劳动教育课程标准》以及人们对这个新标准的看法。
19. 细节理解题。由第三段“The Ministry of Education （MOE） recently published a new curriculum standard（课程标准）for labor education. Starting from the 2022 fall semester（学期） , students in primary and middle schools will take courses on labor skills at least once a week.”可知，教育部最近发布了新的劳动教育课程标准，从2022年秋季学期开始，中小学学生将每周至少学习一次劳动技能课程，也就是要求中学生进行劳动教育，故选D。
20. 段落大意题。根据第五段“The new curriculum also came along with the ministry’s 2022 work plan, it stressed that labor education improve students’ all-round development.”（新课程还与教育部2022年工作计划一起出台，强调劳动教育促进学生的全面发展。）和第六段“Following the publication of the curriculum, Internet users have discussed the changes online. Many welcomed such courses and said it is necessary to teach young students basic life skills. Some have regretted not learning such skills during their own school days.”（课程公布后，互联网用户在网上讨论了这些变化。许多人对此类课程表示欢迎，并表示有必要教授年轻学生基本的生活技能。有些人后悔没有在自己的学校里学习这些技能。）可知，第5、6段主要讨论加强劳动教育的原因，故选D。
21. 推理判断题。由最后一段“Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.”可知， 通过这种教育，她的双胞胎在做家务中找到了乐趣，变得更加独立，所以 刘芳认为《劳动教育新课程标准》很有意义，故选D。
22. 细节理解题。由第4段“But according to the MOE, labor education must be strengthened（加强）to help students form social values and develop an interest in labor.”并结合全文内容可知，根据这篇文章，我们知道这一点，劳动教育可以帮助学生认识劳动的价值。故选C。
7
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了《义务教育劳动课程标准(2022 年版)》的有关内容及人们的看法。
23. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，讲述这个小女孩在很小的时候就学会做饭，现在可以做出50多道菜，这对于中小学生来说是一个很好的榜样，故选D。
24. 词义猜测题。根据“Primary school students will be asked to understand and master the basics of home cooking”可知，要掌握烹饪的基本技能，所以“master”与“learn”同义，故选C。
25. 推理判断题。根据“The new course has three types of tasks: everyday housework, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and repairing home appliances; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts; and volunteer work.”可知，从这个标准中我们可以看到，鼓励学生们掌握日常家务，包括清洁、整理、烹饪、使用和修理家用电器；生产性劳动，包括传统手工艺品；和志愿工作，故选D。
二、
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“双减”政策落地以来，武汉育才家园小学为不同学年段的学生开展劳动教育的特色课程，并在2022年的校外活动中通过手工劳作制作礼物送给辛勤的劳动者，引导并教育学生使他们懂得劳动的不易。
26. 句意：在2022年武汉育才家园小学的校外活动中，老师们通过抓拍劳动者浸泡在冷水中的手、保护安全的手、 守卫制度的手、俯身关爱的手、给予自信的手、传播音符的手以及传授知识的手，引导并教育学生们懂得劳动的不易。
or或者；but但是；and并且；so因此。根据空格前的“guided”和“educated”可知“引导”和“教育”这两个词是并列的谓语动词，在意思上是递进关系，可用连词and来连接。故选C。
27. 句意：在2022年武汉育才家园小学的校外活动中，老师们通过抓拍劳动者浸泡在冷水中的手、保护安全的手、 守卫制度的手、俯身关爱的手、给予自信的手、传播音符的手以及传授知识的手，引导并教育学生们懂得劳动的不易。
safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词；save救治，动词；safely安全地，副词。根据空格前的“protecting”可知protect是及物动词，后面要带名词作宾语。故选B。
28. 句意：在这个活动中，低年段的孩子们系钮扣、系鞋带，心系你我，扣出爱。
During在……期间；With和；For为了；By通过。根据空格后的“the activity”可知学生们是在活动中通过各种活动去体会劳动的不易。故选A。
29. 句意：中年段的学生们编手绳、穿绳扣，绳绳相扣，结结相依。
student学生，名词单数；students’学生们的，名词所有格；student’s学生的，名词所有格；students学生们，名词复数。根据下文“The students in senior years”可知指高年段的学生们，说明此处指的是中年段的学生们，应用名词复数形式。故选D。
30. 句意：高年段的学生们编创意中国结，绳结相随。
make制作，动词原形；made制作，过去式；makes制作，动词的第三人称单数形式；was making正在制作，过去进行时的谓语动词形式。根据上文“fastened buttons and shoelaces”可知本文讲述的是过去的事情，句子应用一般过去时，因此此空应填动词的过去式。故选B。
31. 句意：他们将亲手制作的绳结、钮扣、中国结送给学校最美的劳动者，送给了默默无闻的校工，送给了辛勤付出的老师，表达自己的感恩之情。
the most beautiful最美的；beautiful美丽的；more beautiful比较美丽的；most beautiful最美的。根据空格后的“workers”可知此处应填入形容词，结合上下文语境可推测学生们把这些手工制品送给最美的劳动者，形容词最高级前加定冠词the。故选A。
32. 句意：他们将亲手制作的绳结、钮扣、中国结送给学校最美的劳动者，送给了默默无闻的校工，送给了辛勤付出的老师，表达自己的感恩之情。
express表达，动词原形；expressing表达，动词ing形式；to express表达，动词不定式；to expressing表达，动词ing形式。根据句子结构可知该句的谓语动词是gave，因此此处的动词应用非谓语形式。结合语境可知学生们送出这些礼物的同时在表达自己的感恩之情，可用动词ing形式来表示。故选B。
33. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
that引导名词性从句时没有意义，后接陈述语气的句子；which哪一个，引导名词性从句；if是否，引导宾语从句；whether是否，引导名词性从句。根据空格后的内容可知此处是校长在介绍活动的相关理念，所述内容为陈述语气。故选A。
34. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
pay付出，动词原形；paid付出，过去式；have paid已经付出，现在完成时；has paid已经付出，现在完成时，动词的第三人称单数形式。根据“since...”可知句子使用现在完成时have/has done，且主语是“the school”，助动词用has。故选D。
35. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
a表示“一”，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an表示“一”，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/不用冠词。此处泛指“一个有趣的文化”，且interesting是元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故选B。
三、
36. (w)aste
37. (A)ccording
38. (c)ourse
39. (i)mportant
40. (d)uring
41. (c)ompared
42. (a)ttention
43. (h)elpful
44. (s)kills
45. (u)nderstanding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是关于青少年做家务的问题受到了教育部的重视，以及青少年做家务的好处。
36. 句意：在他们看来，这完全是浪费时间。根据“it’s a complete …of time”和首字母提示可知，应填waste；a waste of time“浪费时间”。故填(w)aste。
37. 句意：根据该文件，劳动教育被列为高中学生的必修课。根据“… to the document”和首字母提示可知，应填according；according to“根据，按照”。故填(A)ccording。
38. 句意：根据该文件，劳动教育被列为高中学生的必修课。根据“Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits.”可知，劳动教育课有学分；结合“compulsory… for high school students”和首字母提示可知，应填course，表示“课程”。故填(c)ourse。
39. 句意：它将和外语或物理一样重要。根据“ It would be as …as the foreign language or physics.”可知，劳动课和外语、物理一样重要；结合首字母提示，应填important；as…as之间用形容词、副词原级。故填(i)mportant。
40. 句意：教育部还要求学校确保学生在整个三学年中做40个小时的志愿服务。根据“the full three school years”和首字母提示可知，应填during，表示“在……期间”。故填(d)uring。
41. 句意：中小学生每天花在家务上的时间仅为12分钟，而美国为72分钟，韩国为42分钟，法国为30分钟。根据“72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France”和首字母提示可知，此处将中国中学生做家务的时间与国外的进行对比；结合首字母提示，应填compared，表示“相比”，过去分词作状语。故填(c)ompared。
42. 句意：父母认为做家务会使学生不太关注学业。根据“Parents think doing household chores would make students pay less…to their schoolwork.”和首字母提示可知，应填attention；pay attention to“注意”。故填(a)ttention。
43. 句意：事实上，它对青少年很有帮助。根据“teamwork and problem-solving…give people a sense of pride”可知，劳动教育对青少年是有帮助的；结合首字母提示，应填helpful，表示“有帮助的”。故填(h)elpful。
44. 句意：做家务不仅可以教会人们团队合作和解决问题的能力，还可以给人们一种自豪感。根据“problem-solving”可知，此处表示“解决问题的能力”；结合首字母提示，应填skill；空前没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填(s)kills。
45. 句意：通过这样的教育，学生被期望发展工作能力，以及更好地了解世界。根据“a better …of the world”和首字母提示，应填understanding，表示“对世界有更好的了解”。故填(u)nderstanding。
四、
46. care
47. Differences/difference
48. among
49. habits
50. required
51. finally
52. are
53. first
54. how
55. both
【解析】本文主要介绍了国家发布关于让学生们重视和尊重劳动的指导方针，从老师和家长角度作出了相应的建议。
46. 句意：然而，有很多孩子习惯了像“小皇帝和小公主”一样到处都有人喂，有人照顾。根据“taken … of everywhere”及备选词可知，此处用take care of表示“照顾”，故填care。
47. 句意：他们分不清韭菜和青葱这类食物。根据“They can’t tell the…between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots”及备选词可知，分不清韭菜和青葱，difference“差异”，此空可以填单数名词，也可以填复数名词，故填differences/difference。
48. 句意：为了强调对学生进行勤奋精神教育的重要性。根据“In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education …students”及备选词可知，在学生中强调这个重要性，among“在……之中”，故填among。
49. 句意：通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的学习习惯。根据“develop good working”及备选词可知，培养好的习惯，habit“习惯”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填habits。
50. 句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“Students will be … to understand and master the basics of home cooking”及备选词可知，要求学生掌握这些技能，require“需要”，此处是被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填required。
51. 句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“from preparing vegetables to … being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently”及备选词可知，此处指最终独立完成整个过程，副词finally“最终”作状语，故填finally。
52. 句意：这些将是孩子们终身的技能，帮助他们发展成为全面发展的个体，而不仅仅是能够参加考试的学生。be able to do sth“能够做某事”，句子是一般现在时，先行词students是复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。
53. 句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。根据“As children’s… teachers, parents should also encourage”及常识可知，家长是孩子们的启蒙老师，first teacher“启蒙老师”，故填first。
54. 句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。此空缺少引导词引导宾语从句，备选词how符合，故填how。
55. 句意：对于学生来说，在学校和家里接受劳动教育都是非常重要的。根据“at school and at home”可知，此处用both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。
五、
Labor education is important. I often take part in some activities. Our school has classes to teach us how to do the cleaning and make cakes. We also have some interesting clubs like the paper cutting club. These make our school life colorful and meaningful. At home, I often help my parents do housework. For example, I take out the rubbish after dinner and help to wash the dishes. What's more, I clean up the park in my neighborhood and visit the old people’s home with my teacher and classmates.
I’ve learned a lot from these activities. They help to develop my living skills and live better in the future.
备战 中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练
热点02 劳动教育进课堂
2022年秋季学期起，劳动课将正式成为中小学的一门独立课程。2022年版义务教育阶段“新课标”显示，清洁与卫生、整理与收纳、烹饪与健康、农业生产劳作等任务，将分别贯穿不同年级段。小学生将被要求会炒西红柿鸡蛋，搞得了盆栽水产养殖等。
此前，我国中小学就有劳动教育，不过一直存在被边缘化、弱化等问题。2015年，教育部等部门发布《加强中小学劳动教育的意见》中就直指这一问题，提出劳动教育在学校中被弱化，在家庭中被软化，在社会中被淡化，中小学生劳动机会减少、劳动意识缺乏，出现了一些学生轻视劳动、不会劳动、不珍惜劳动成果的现象。小学生不会剥煮熟的鸡蛋、不会拿扫帚扫地，大学生让家长定期到校洗衣服、请家政公司来宿舍搞卫生……这样的报道频频引发社会热议。
将劳动课独立成一门课程，释放出国家高度重视劳动教育的明晰信号，是推进“五育并举”的重要举措。而要让学校、家长和社会真正重视劳动教育，需要对症下药，找准劳动教育被弱化、淡化、软化的根源所在，强化依法治教；同时改革教育评价体系，推进全社会形成新的教育观和成才观，培养学生形成健康的劳动价值观。
中小学校按课程方案与标准开齐开足上好国家规定的课程，是依法治教的基本要求。但具体到学校办学实践中，却存在重视智育，轻视美育、德育、劳育等功利化、短视化办学倾向。有的地方教育部门和学校，按课程与中高考的关系，把课程分为“主课”“副课”并区别对待，结果就是所谓的“副课”被挤占成常事。如果依法治教不能落在实处，“五育并举”不能被坚持，那么即便劳动课独立成为一门课程，其被弱化的老问题将依旧存在。
对于劳动教育，社会上存在一些错误的认识。比如，有家长就对劳动课的设置持保留态度，认为孩子去学校是读书不是去做体力劳动。还有观点认为，人工智能时代“引导”学生从事体力劳动、生产劳动，系逆势之选。炒菜的话，买一个机器人炒菜机就能解决问题，让学生学炒菜似无必要。在家庭教育中，不少家长替孩子包办除学习之外的一切事宜，将劳动立作学习的对立面，甚至用“不努力读书，今后就去做‘苦力’”等对孩子进行“恐吓教育”。这些错误的认识与教育方式亟须纠正。
对学生进行劳动教育，不仅是要培养学生自主生活的技能，更重要的是让学生形成健康的劳动价值观，尊重劳动、尊重劳动者。很难说，学生不愿意成为技能人才、职业院校不安于职业教育定位的现象与“崇尚读书、漠视劳动”这一观念的长期影响没有关系。
实现家长和社会对劳动教育的认知纠偏，需要深入推进教育评价改革。对照2020年发布的教育评价改革总体方案，或可将劳动教育评价作为探索教育评价改革的重要实践。评价学生是否上好劳动课，显然不应采取结果评价方式，进行所谓的劳动课考试，而应关注学生参加生产劳动、服务劳动的表现，重视学生对劳动的体验，进行写实性、过程性评价，将其纳入综合素质发展档案。学校和家长必须意识到，义务教育阶段必须重视学生的全面发展与核心素养培养，如此方能为孩子未来成长打下坚实的基础。
相关话题拓展阅读
家庭教育：回归生活教育才更健康
家庭教育最重要的基础是家庭生活，家庭教育的中心是亲子互动。在家庭生活中，家庭成员通过互动增强家庭关系、完善家庭功能。家庭教育问题从根本上说是家庭生活的问题。
家庭关系的好坏决定着家庭教育的成败，也关系着家庭的和谐与幸福。亲密和谐的家庭关系对孩子来讲尤为重要。在亲子关系方面，家长们要尊重儿童的各种权利，包括生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权等。通过构建和谐的家庭关系，才能促使家庭生活教育形成最具稳定性的内在教育影响力和向心力。
家庭教育的本质是生活教育，美好的生活要靠劳动来创造，一个在家里从来没有劳动岗位或任务的孩子，难以有责任感，生存能力也难以得到进一步发展。研究显示，童年养成劳动习惯的孩子，长大后更有可能具有责任心，也更容易适应家庭生活和职场的工作；反之，他们更有可能成为生活和职场的失败者。劳动教育既可以培养孩子的自理自立的能力，也可以培养孩子的自信心和责任感，因此，劳动教育是家庭生活教育的必修课。值得注意的是，我们不仅仅要培养孩子认识劳动的价值并且有劳动的体验，更要注重劳动习惯的养成，因为习惯才是稳定的、自动化的行为。父母要充分发挥家庭生活教育的优势，抓住日常生活中的劳动实践，以身作则激发孩子对劳动的热情，鼓励孩子自觉参与、掌握家庭生活中的几项劳动技能，并进行具体的训练，长期坚持以养成习惯。
和谐的家庭关系、积极健康的家庭生活方式，各种各样的家庭规则等都会形成一种独特的家庭文化氛围，潜移默化地影响孩子的成长，同时孩子也会在家庭文化的熏陶下不断汲取营养，滋润心灵和精神。例如，可以构建学习型家庭，进行阅读、音乐绘画欣赏；建立家庭档案，逐步积累家庭文化成果；注重挖掘、利用传统家训家规中的优秀资源，制定符合时代需求的家规，形成良好的家风文化；进行亲子游戏互动，构建和谐的家庭关系，让孩子在充满爱的家庭生活中成长。高质量的文化生活，努力向上充满活力的家庭文化，不仅能够丰富孩子的内心世界，还能够塑造孩子对美的感知和体会。
总之，改善家庭教育要从注重生活教育开始，让家庭教育回归美好生活，给家庭生活以教育，在家庭生活中进行教育。家庭教育要为儿童的幸福生活打下坚实的基础，让儿童在家庭生活中拥有走向独立与幸福的能力，从内心生发出一种强大的精神支撑，一种让家庭生活与个人发展更富有魅力的生命力量。
1.劳动教育 labor education / education on the hard-working spirit
例如：Through education on the hard-working spirit, students should acquire basic working capability for livelihood and individual development, and form good working habits.（通过劳动教育，学生应具备满足生存发展需要的基本劳动能力，形成良好劳动习惯。）
注：
acquire v. 学到；获得
working capability 劳动能力
livelihood n. 生存
individual development 个人发展
2.综合能力comprehensive capability
3.素质教育well-rounded education
4.教书育人impart knowledge and cultivate people
5.要努力构建德智体美劳全面培养的教育体系，形成更高水平的人才培养体系。
We should build an education system which comprehensively fosters the students' all-round moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic grounding with a hard-working spirit, in a bid to bring the country's personnel fostering system to a higher level.
6.你们从小就要树立劳动光荣的观念，自己的事自己做，他人的事帮着做，公益的事争着做。
You should respect and honor hard work. Do your own work and be willing to help others as well as the public.
7.劳动能唤起人的创造力。
Labor can arouse people's creativity.
8.不付出劳动就不会有收获。
Do not pay labor will not reap.
9.只要靠劳动，大地最慷慨。
As long as the labor, the earth's most generous.
10.只有人的劳动才是神圣的。
Only man's labor is holy.
11.劳动是惟一导向知识的道路。
Labor is the only road oriented knowledge.
12.不劳动者无法从中获得裨益。
No workers cannot get benefits.
13.土地是财富之母，劳动是其父。
Land is the mother of wealth and labor is the father.
14.珍视劳动，珍视人才，人才难得呀！
Value work, cherish talents, talents is rare!
15.对劳动的爱是在社会上的人的美德。
Love of labor is man's virtue in society.
16.平民靠劳动糊口，贵人以地位为命。
Civilians by labor, noble status for life.
17.劳动是财富之父，土地是财富之母。
Labor is the father of wealth, land is the mother of wealth.
18.劳动的成果是所有果实中最甜美的。
The results of labor is the sweetest fruit of all.
19.劳动使人心情开朗，劳动就是美德。
Makes a person cheerful, labor is virtue.
一、阅读理解
1
Can you cook? Recently, the Ministry of Education released the “Compulsory Education Labor curriculum standards (2022)”《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》. Which formulated the students “Sorting and receiving (整理与收纳)”, “Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work” and other academic goals (目标).
The standards will begin in September, 2022. Next term, we students will learn how to cook. We will learn how to cook 2-3 kinds of home-cooked dishes (家常菜), such as fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup and so on. We should also take part in the whole process (过程) of choosing, washing, cooking and serving dishes. And we will also learn to design a nutritious diet for lunch or dinner according to our family needs.
In a word, we must understand the relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition. Are you excited? What do you think of it? You can e-mail us and tell us what you think.
1. What goals do the standards formulate the students?
A. Sorting and receiving.
B. Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work.
C. Sorting and receiving, household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work.
D. Cooking.
2. When will the standards begin?
A. From September, 2022. B. Tomorrow.
C. Next week. D. Last year.
3. What kinds of home-cooked dishes should students learn in the standards?
A. Fried tomato and eggs. B. Fried eggs.
C. Bone soup. D. Fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup.
4. What should the students also understand from the passage?
A. The relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition.
B. How to cook.
C. How to do sports.
D. How to do their homework.
2
Do you know how to cook, clean or grow plants? If not, you will know soon. These will all be part of Chinese public education starting this fall.
A new standard (标准) for labor (劳动) education recently came out. Students in primary and middle school will have at least one class a week to try and experience different kinds of labor and learn different life skills and even job skills. The standard includes different tasks for each grade. For example, fifth and sixth-graders learn to cook two or three common dishes, like fried eggs or scrambled eggs with tomato (番茄炒蛋).
This move is to enrich Chinese students’ life and build their character through labor. Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention (重视) to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day, China Daily reported.
In addition to household skills, students will have a chance to try new technologies like 3D printing and laser cutting (激光切割). They will also learn to make traditional handicrafts (手工艺品).
5. The new standard shows different grades________.
A. must do the same things
B. have different tasks
C. have at least one class a month
D. try and experience all kinds of labor
6. What does the 2019 report means?
A. American education is better than Chinese.
B. Chinese kids isn’t good at practical activity.
C. Chinese labor education is not good enough.
D. The report of China Daily is not true.
7. What is the best title of this passage?
A. Labor Education to Build Character
B. Chinese Education and American Education.
C. Chinese Public education Starting this Fall
D. We should Pay Enough Attention to Cooking
3
①I grew up in the countryside. I didn’t understand what it brought to me until I became an adult. It helped me learn more practical skills (实践技能) than those who grew up in cities.
②The first skill I learnt was cooking. Since my parents often came home late and a prepared meal would help them have supper soon, I learned to make dough (面团) at around 10 years old. It sounds easy but very difficult to do. However, it didn’t take too long for me to find the right way. A year after that, I learned to cook different things like noodles and dumplings. I fell in love with cooking because it’s really relaxing. More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better during the pandemic (疫情) because I cook every meal instead of ordering online. It saves money and I don’t have to wait for drivers to feed me.
③Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables. Though it was hard work, the experience did teach me things. For example, I learned that the fruits of peanut (花生) and ginger (生姜) plants grow under the earth. Also, the truth of happiness sometimes comes from learning firsthand (直接地). You’ll treasure everything on your plate.
④The practical skills I learned not only improve my self-care ability but also provide me with a new way to look at the world. So when I heard in China students in primary and middle school will have at least one class every week to learn some skills like cooking and cleaning, I was much too happy. Trust me. The labor education will help you for the rest of your life.
8. According to the passage, the writer learned the following skills EXCEPT ________.
A. cooking skills B. cleaning skills C. planting skills
9. Which one is TRUE according to Paragraph Two?
A. It took the writer a long time to learn to make dough.
B. Since the writer was 10, he has been in love with cooking.
C. During the pandemic, the writer cooks by himself every day.
10. What didn’t the writer learn from farm work?
A. Knowledge about differences between farms.
B. The truth of happiness.
C. The importance of saving food.
11. What is the structure (结构) of the passage?
A. B. C.
12. What does the writer think of labor education?
A. He thinks that students will be happy with the coming labor education.
B. He believes that labor education is quite needed among students.
C. He isn’t very sure of the future use of labor education for pupils.
4
Students from Taizhou Middle School, Jiangsu Province, experience farming during their labor (劳动) course. As we all know, the life skills like cooking and painting are important and should be taught as part of labor education.
On June 3, 2020, the Ministry of Education (MOE) (教育部) gave a document (文件) showing the revised curriculum (修改后的方案) for senior high schools across the country. Labor education includes housework, school labor and community voluntary (志愿的) services and so on.
“Labor education must be carried out (实施) with the purpose to make the right view (观点) of the world, life and values and develop an interest in doing chores,” said Vice-Minister of Education Zheng Fuzhi.
According to China Youth Daily, the labor course will take six credits (学分) — the same as foreign language and physics. Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits. The MOE also asks schools to make sure 40 hours of voluntary service during the full three school years.
According to Xinhua, adding labor education was out of care that the country’s young people do too little housework and that they think labor jobs aren’t important. Because of a lot of school pressure, schools pay more attention to the course of education, and parents may think that the chores waste their kids’ time.
According to a survey, middle school students in China only spend 12 minutes a day on chores, compared with 72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France. However, doing housework does not distract (使分心) young people. Instead, they are necessary for developing a strong working spirit, according to Julie Lythcott-Haims, the writer of How to Raise an Adult. “The earlier you started, the better ...” he said.
13. If you ________, you can get the credits of the labor course.
A. do volunteer work B. go traveling C. do homework D. learn to drive a car
14. What did Zheng Fuzhi talk about?
A. The time to carry out labor education.
B. The way to carry out labor education.
C. The place to carry out labor education.
D. The purpose to carry out labor education.
15. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Parents should learn the life skill.
B. Labor is as important as foreign language.
C. It’s necessary for the students to develop strong working spirits.
D. Young people should pay attention to the course of education.
5
Starting with this fall term, students in primary and middle schools will have at least one course every week on basic household skills such as cleaning and cooking, according to a new curriculum standard (课程标准) for labor education in compulsory (强制的；义务的) education made by the government. Should household skills be made compulsory at schools?
Michael: By learning basic skills like cooking, cleaning and maintaining home appliances (电器) children can learn how to take care of themselves and live independently. Parents won’t always be there to help their children with every problem they’ll meet in their lives. They need to learn new things, make mistakes, solve problems and grow from their experiences. It is necessary for children to learn these important lifesaving skills as early as possible.
Eliza: Many students have to study for the whole day and simply don’t have the time to develop their interests. A compulsory household skills class can give them more chances to meet various aspects of life and help them discover different passions. Some children who are interested in food or those who have an interest in maintaining home appliances can develop these skills in the class.
Jade: There are only limited hours in a school day. With all the required classes there is not enough time for household courses. I think it is something that parents need to do at home with their children, having them help around the house with cooking, cleaning, washing, planting. etc. Remember school can’t teach your children everything. They need you, too!
Ben: Household courses should be made optional (可选择的) for students. They should be given the choice to take whatever they like. If one wants to cook dishes, he or she is welcome. But it should not be made compulsory and forced onto every student.
Linda: Schools should have cooking classes. Children will be taught about their food, where it comes from, how to use the cooking tools properly and how to cook nutritiously. Many parents don’t have this knowledge and have no time or energy to do this. A household class would provide the knowledge and training that parents are unable to give their children.
Maria: I learned some basic cooking skills from my mother, but most of them were learned after I graduated from college, from cooking books and online short videos. Household skills like cooking are much more useful than a lot of what is taught in schools, but it does require some fully equipped (配备齐全的) kitchens. I hope these classes will benefit (使受益) students and not be seen as window dressing.
16. Jade thinks household courses ________.
A. should be made optional B. are good for students’ growth
C. should be taught by parents at home D. can help children develop their interests
17. The underlined phrase “window dressing” probably means “________”.
A. good look but not clever B. good form but not achievable
C. good taste but not healthy D. good style but not popular
18. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. show different ideas about household courses
B. introduce something about household courses
C. encourage students to study household courses
D. tell parents the importance of household courses
6
Can you cook? If so, what are your specialty dishes?
For middle and primary school students, being able to cook will become a must in the near future.They will also need to learn how to plant vegetables, raise poultry（家禽）and repair home appliances（家电）under new requirements for labor（劳动）education.
The Ministry of Education（MOE）recently published a new curriculum standard（课程标准）for labor education. Starting from the 2022 fall semester（学期） , students in primary and middle schools will take courses on labor skills at least once a week. The new standards includes three types of labor tasks.The first is everyday chores（家务事）, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and repairing home appliances. Next is productive labor（生产劳动） , including agriculture, making traditional handicrafts（手工艺品） , and using new technologies such as 3D printing and laser cutting: The third type is service work, which includes volunteer work.
Because students have a lot of study stress, schools pay more attention to study, and many think housework is useless. But according to the MOE, labor education must be strengthened（加强）to help students form social values and develop an interest in labor.
The new curriculum also came along with the ministry’s 2022 work plan, it stressed that labor education improve students’ all-round development.
Following the publication of the curriculum, Internet users have discussed the changes online. Many welcomed such courses and said it is necessary to teach young students basic life skills. Some have regretted not learning such skills during their own school days.
Liu Fang, a mother of 6-year-old twins in Beijing, is a strong supporter of labor education. For the past year, she has trained her daughters to do household chores and make simple dishes for the family.
“The main idea is to let them share responsibility（责任） as family members and become independent as early as they can,” said Liu. “Through doing housework, their hand-eye coordination（协调）, time management and organization skills can be trained and it’s also good to help them relax.” Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.
19. What do we know about the new curriculum standard for labor education?
A. It will officially start on June 1, 2022.
B. It provides a detailed group of labor tasks.
C. It requires students to do housework once a week.
D. It mainly requires middle school students for labor education.
20. What do Paragraphs 5-6 mainly talk about?
A. Teachers' Idea for labor education.
B. Problems that appear in labor education.
C. The new curriculum's influence on schools.
D. Reasons for strengthening labor education.
21. What does Liu Fang think of the new curriculum standard for labor education?
A. Doubtful. B. Powerful. C. Unpractical. D. Meaningful.
22. According to the passage, we know that ________.
A. schools pay more attention to productive labor
B. many Internet users aren’t interested in the changes
C. labor education can help students learn the value of labor
D. the new curriculum standard only includes everyday housework
7
Sun Jiarui, a 10-year-old girl from Outang Central Primary School in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, recently becomes famous online for her cooking skills. Sun, who has been learning to cook from her father since she was eight, can now cook more than 50 dishes. The Outang Central Primary School has also gotten Sun and her father to promote the cooking arts to the students.
China’s Ministry of Education has issued the Life Skills Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education (2022 edition) (《义务教育劳动课程标准(2022 年版)》). In the coming term in September, primary and secondary school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course(劳动课) in their schedule, with at least one class every week.
The new course has three types of tasks: everyday housework, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and repairing home appliances; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts; and volunteer work.
Primary school students will be asked to understand and master the basics of home cooking, from preparing vegetables to finally being able to complete the whole process of home cooking by themselves.
News that primary and secondary school students will learn cooking from September became one of the top trending topics on Sina Weibo, attracting more than 300 million views.
“This reminds me of my life skills class in primary school. I learned to make dumplings and do simple needlework,” one Weibo user commented. “These will be lifelong skills for these kids, helping them develop into well-rounded grown-ups, not just students who are able to take exams,” said another user.
As part of the “double reduction” policy(双减政策) aiming to reduce homework and time spent on after-school private tutoring, life skills education has become a new highlight of education reform.
A Beijing-based educational expert said that education should pay attention to “the progress of individual students” and a change in priority from “the evaluation of results to the process”. “We should use comprehensive assessment to observe each student’s growth and progress, instead of just focusing on exams,” said the expert.
23. Why does the writer mention the 10-year-old girl Sun Jiarui?
A. Because she becomes famous on the Internet.
B. Because she will teach students cooking skills at school.
C. Because she could cook over 50 dishes when she was 8.
D. Because she has set a good example of learning life skills.
24. The underlined word “master” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A. teach B. keep C. learn D. offer
25. What can we learn about the Life Skills Curriculum Standards?
A. It will be carried out in the new term next year.
B. It will provide few chances for kids to learn lifelong skills.
C. Less attention will be given to students’ progress instead of exams.
D. Everyday housework, productive labor and volunteer work are encouraged.
二、完形填空
“Look down. What can your hands do?” In the 2022 outside-school activity of Wuhan Yucai Homeland Primary School, teachers guided _________ educated students to understand that labor is not easy by taking pictures of worker’s hands immersed in cold water, hands protecting _________ , hands guarding system, hands bending over and caring, hands giving confidence, hands spreading notes and hands imparting（传授）knowledge.
_________ the activity, young children fastened buttons and shoelaces, cared about each other, and buckled out love. The older _________ weaved hand ropes, wore rope buckles and roped buckles and knots. The students in senior years _________ up creative Chinese knots, which went hand in hand with each other. They gave the knots, buttons and Chinese knots made by themselves to _________ workers in the school, unknown school workers and hard-working teachers _________ their gratitude（感激）.
The principal of Yucai Homeland Primary School introduces _________ since the implementation（实施）of the “double reduction” policy, the school _________ more attention to adding in labor education, actively developed labor courses suitable for children of each grade, created __________ interesting and warm school-based culture of labor education, and educated students to internalize and externalize the virtues of advocating and loving labor and weave a happy life with hard-working hands.
26. A. or B. but C. and D. so
27. A. safe B. safety C. save D. safely
28. A. During B. With C. For D. By
29. A. student B. students’ C. student’s D. students
30. A. make B. made C. makes D. was making
31. A. the most beautiful B. beautiful
C. more beautiful D. most beautiful
32. A. express B. expressing C. to express D. to expressing
33. A. that B. which C. if D. whether
34. A. pay B. paid C. have paid D. has paid
35. A. a B. an C. the D. /
三、短文首字母填空
How many of you do household chores at home? It’s reported that few teenagers would like to spend time on them. In their opinion, it’s a complete w____36____ of time. Some even think they should be taken good care of by their parents all the time. However, such life skills are really necessary.
On June 3, 2020, the Ministry of Education (MOE) produced a document（文件）for high schools. A____37____ to the document, labor education is listed as a compulsory（必修的）c____38____ for high school students. It would be as i____39____ as the foreign language or physics. And each of them takes sixcredits（学分）. Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits. The MOE also asks schools to make sure students do 40 hours of voluntary service d____40____ the full three school years.
A recent study shows that teenagers in China are doing very little housework. Primary and middle school students spend only 12 minutes a day on chores, c____41____ to 72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France.
Parents think doing household chores would make students pay less a____42____ to their schoolwork. In fact, it is very h____43____ for teenagers. Chores can not only teach teamwork and problem-solving s____44____ but also give people a sense of pride. “Through such education, students are expected to develop working abilities as well as a better u_____45_____ of the world,” said Zheng Fuzhi, vice-minister of the MOE.
四、短文选词填空
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
first, require, among, care, be, different, both, habit, how, finally
Cooking is supposed to be the most basic living skill for humans. However, there are many kids who are used to being fed and taken ____46____ of everywhere like “little emperors and little princesses”. They can’t tell the ____47____between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots（小葱）.
In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education ____48____ students, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released（发布）the guidelines. The guidelines call for students to respect labor（劳动）work. Students should learn basic life skills and develop good working ____49____ through such education.
Students will be ____50____ to understand and master the basics of home cooking from preparing vegetables to ____51____ being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently. These will be lifelong skills for kids, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals（个体）not just students who ____52____ able to take exams.
As children’s ____53____ teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn ____54____ to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
It’s really important for students to take labor education ____55____ at school and at home.
五、书面表达
56. 根据要求完成大作文。词数：80 ~100词。
某校报英语专栏针对劳动教育(labor education)开展征文活动。请按照下面的图示及写作要求，谈谈你的劳动体验和感受。
写作要求：
1. 内容包含图中所有要点；
2. 文章中不得出现真实人名和校名；
3. 短文开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Labor education is important. I often take part in some activities. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
一、
1
【答案与解析】本文介绍了《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》为学生制定的目标，根据该标准下学期学生将要学习如何做饭。他们将会学会做2—3道家常菜。
1. 细节理解题。根据“Which formulated the students “Sorting and receiving (整理与收纳)”, “Household cleaning, cooking, home beautification and other daily life work” and other academic goals (目标).”可知，《义务教育劳动课程标准（2022 版）》为学生制定“整理与收纳”、“家庭清洁、烹饪、家居美化等日常生活工作”等学术目标。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据“The standards will begin in September, 2022.”可知，该标准将于2022年9月开始实施。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据“We will learn how to cook 2-3 kinds of home-cooked dishes (家常菜), such as fried tomato with eggs, fried eggs and bone soup and so on.”可知，学生应该学会制作的家常菜有西红柿炒鸡蛋，煎蛋和骨头汤，故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据“In a word, we must understand the relationship between different cooking methods and food nutrition.”可知，学生应该了解不同的烹饪方法和食物营养之间的关系。故选A。
2
【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国劳动教育的新标准将于今年秋季在中小学实施，并介绍了其实施的必要性和具体措施。
5. 细节理解题。根据“The standard includes different tasks for each grade.”可知新的标准对每个年级提出了不同的任务。故选B。
6. 细节理解题。根据“Chinese school education didn’t pay enough attention to this in the past. According to a 2019 report, Chinese kids only do 12 minutes of practical activity each day, while US kids do 1.2 hours each day,”可知中国孩子每天用于实践活动的时间短，主要是因为以往我们的学校教育对这方面重视不够，故选C。
7. 标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了我国劳动教育的新标准将实施，实施的目的是让孩子们更多的参加实践，丰富生活，培养品质，故选A。
3
【答案与解析】本文讲作者自小生活在农村，学会了一些受益终身的劳动技能，当听到中国讲开设劳动教育课的时候，作者由衷感到高兴。
8. 细节理解题。根据“Besides cooking, I did a lot of farm work in my childhood. I got to know how to plant vegetables.”可知作者学会了烹饪技巧和种植技巧，没有提到清洁技巧。故选B。
9. 细节理解题。根据“More importantly, thanks to my cooking skill, I live better during the pandemic because l cook every meal instead of ordering online.”可知在疫情期间，作者每天自己做饭。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据“Also, the truth of happiness sometimes comes from learning firsthand. You’ll treasure everything on your plate.”可知作者从农活中学到了幸福的真谛和节约粮食的重要性。未了解不同农场之间的差异。故选A。
11. 篇章结构题。段①总写作者在农村长大学到了更多的实用技能；段②③分别讲学到了哪些技能；段④讲了这些技能使作者带来的好处，及作者对开展劳动教育课的看法。属于“总——分——总”结构。故选B。
12. 观点态度题。根据“So when I heard in China students in primary and middle school will have at least one class every week to learn some skills like cooking and cleaning, I was much too happy. Trust me. The labor education will help you for the rest of your life.”可知作者认为对学生进行劳动教育是非常必要的。故选B。
4
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了教育部重视劳动教育，将劳动教育课程纳入普通高中课程中。
13. 细节理解题。根据“Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits.”可知如果你是做志愿者工作，你就可以拿到劳动课的学分。故选A。
14. 细节理解题。根据“Labor education must be carried out with the purpose to make the right view of the world, life and values and develop an interest in doing chores”可知劳动教育必须以树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观为目的，培养做家务的兴趣，由此可知他讨论了开展劳动教育的目的。故选D。
15. 主旨大意题。根据“they are necessary for developing a strong working spirit”以及本文内容可知本文主要讲述了教育部重视劳动教育，将劳动教育课程纳入普通高中课程中，可见学生有必要培养强烈的工作精神。故选C。
5
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了六位学生对于“家庭技能是否应该成为学校的必修课”这个话题的的不同观点。
16. 细节理解题。根据“I think it is something that parents need to do at home with their children, having them help around the house with cooking, cleaning, washing, planting. etc.”可知，Jade认为这是父母需要在家里和孩子一起做的事情，即家庭课程应该由家长在家教授。故选C。
17. 词句猜测题。根据“I hope these classes will benefit students and not be seen as window dressing.”可知，划线词所在句子中含有否定词“not”表示转折，可推测意为“Maria希望这个课程能够让学生受益，而不是徒有形式”，与B选项good form but not achievable“形式很好，但无法实现”同义。故选B。
18. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了六位学生对于“家庭技能是否应该成为学校的必修课”这个话题的的不同观点。故选A。
6
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了教育部最近发布的新的《劳动教育课程标准》以及人们对这个新标准的看法。
19. 细节理解题。由第三段“The Ministry of Education （MOE） recently published a new curriculum standard（课程标准）for labor education. Starting from the 2022 fall semester（学期） , students in primary and middle schools will take courses on labor skills at least once a week.”可知，教育部最近发布了新的劳动教育课程标准，从2022年秋季学期开始，中小学学生将每周至少学习一次劳动技能课程，也就是要求中学生进行劳动教育，故选D。
20. 段落大意题。根据第五段“The new curriculum also came along with the ministry’s 2022 work plan, it stressed that labor education improve students’ all-round development.”（新课程还与教育部2022年工作计划一起出台，强调劳动教育促进学生的全面发展。）和第六段“Following the publication of the curriculum, Internet users have discussed the changes online. Many welcomed such courses and said it is necessary to teach young students basic life skills. Some have regretted not learning such skills during their own school days.”（课程公布后，互联网用户在网上讨论了这些变化。许多人对此类课程表示欢迎，并表示有必要教授年轻学生基本的生活技能。有些人后悔没有在自己的学校里学习这些技能。）可知，第5、6段主要讨论加强劳动教育的原因，故选D。
21. 推理判断题。由最后一段“Through such education, Liu said her twins have found fun in doing chores and are more independent.”可知， 通过这种教育，她的双胞胎在做家务中找到了乐趣，变得更加独立，所以 刘芳认为《劳动教育新课程标准》很有意义，故选D。
22. 细节理解题。由第4段“But according to the MOE, labor education must be strengthened（加强）to help students form social values and develop an interest in labor.”并结合全文内容可知，根据这篇文章，我们知道这一点，劳动教育可以帮助学生认识劳动的价值。故选C。
7
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍了《义务教育劳动课程标准(2022 年版)》的有关内容及人们的看法。
23. 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，讲述这个小女孩在很小的时候就学会做饭，现在可以做出50多道菜，这对于中小学生来说是一个很好的榜样，故选D。
24. 词义猜测题。根据“Primary school students will be asked to understand and master the basics of home cooking”可知，要掌握烹饪的基本技能，所以“master”与“learn”同义，故选C。
25. 推理判断题。根据“The new course has three types of tasks: everyday housework, including cleaning, organizing, cooking, and using and repairing home appliances; productive labor, including traditional handicrafts; and volunteer work.”可知，从这个标准中我们可以看到，鼓励学生们掌握日常家务，包括清洁、整理、烹饪、使用和修理家用电器；生产性劳动，包括传统手工艺品；和志愿工作，故选D。
二、
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“双减”政策落地以来，武汉育才家园小学为不同学年段的学生开展劳动教育的特色课程，并在2022年的校外活动中通过手工劳作制作礼物送给辛勤的劳动者，引导并教育学生使他们懂得劳动的不易。
26. 句意：在2022年武汉育才家园小学的校外活动中，老师们通过抓拍劳动者浸泡在冷水中的手、保护安全的手、 守卫制度的手、俯身关爱的手、给予自信的手、传播音符的手以及传授知识的手，引导并教育学生们懂得劳动的不易。
or或者；but但是；and并且；so因此。根据空格前的“guided”和“educated”可知“引导”和“教育”这两个词是并列的谓语动词，在意思上是递进关系，可用连词and来连接。故选C。
27. 句意：在2022年武汉育才家园小学的校外活动中，老师们通过抓拍劳动者浸泡在冷水中的手、保护安全的手、 守卫制度的手、俯身关爱的手、给予自信的手、传播音符的手以及传授知识的手，引导并教育学生们懂得劳动的不易。
safe安全的，形容词；safety安全，名词；save救治，动词；safely安全地，副词。根据空格前的“protecting”可知protect是及物动词，后面要带名词作宾语。故选B。
28. 句意：在这个活动中，低年段的孩子们系钮扣、系鞋带，心系你我，扣出爱。
During在……期间；With和；For为了；By通过。根据空格后的“the activity”可知学生们是在活动中通过各种活动去体会劳动的不易。故选A。
29. 句意：中年段的学生们编手绳、穿绳扣，绳绳相扣，结结相依。
student学生，名词单数；students’学生们的，名词所有格；student’s学生的，名词所有格；students学生们，名词复数。根据下文“The students in senior years”可知指高年段的学生们，说明此处指的是中年段的学生们，应用名词复数形式。故选D。
30. 句意：高年段的学生们编创意中国结，绳结相随。
make制作，动词原形；made制作，过去式；makes制作，动词的第三人称单数形式；was making正在制作，过去进行时的谓语动词形式。根据上文“fastened buttons and shoelaces”可知本文讲述的是过去的事情，句子应用一般过去时，因此此空应填动词的过去式。故选B。
31. 句意：他们将亲手制作的绳结、钮扣、中国结送给学校最美的劳动者，送给了默默无闻的校工，送给了辛勤付出的老师，表达自己的感恩之情。
the most beautiful最美的；beautiful美丽的；more beautiful比较美丽的；most beautiful最美的。根据空格后的“workers”可知此处应填入形容词，结合上下文语境可推测学生们把这些手工制品送给最美的劳动者，形容词最高级前加定冠词the。故选A。
32. 句意：他们将亲手制作的绳结、钮扣、中国结送给学校最美的劳动者，送给了默默无闻的校工，送给了辛勤付出的老师，表达自己的感恩之情。
express表达，动词原形；expressing表达，动词ing形式；to express表达，动词不定式；to expressing表达，动词ing形式。根据句子结构可知该句的谓语动词是gave，因此此处的动词应用非谓语形式。结合语境可知学生们送出这些礼物的同时在表达自己的感恩之情，可用动词ing形式来表示。故选B。
33. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
that引导名词性从句时没有意义，后接陈述语气的句子；which哪一个，引导名词性从句；if是否，引导宾语从句；whether是否，引导名词性从句。根据空格后的内容可知此处是校长在介绍活动的相关理念，所述内容为陈述语气。故选A。
34. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
pay付出，动词原形；paid付出，过去式；have paid已经付出，现在完成时；has paid已经付出，现在完成时，动词的第三人称单数形式。根据“since...”可知句子使用现在完成时have/has done，且主语是“the school”，助动词用has。故选D。
35. 句意：育才家园小学的校长介绍道，“双减”政策落地以来，学校更加重视在劳动教育中做加法，积极开发适合每个年级孩子的劳动课程，打造有趣味、有温度的劳动教育校本文化，教育学生将崇尚劳动、热爱劳动的美德内化于心、外化于形，用勤劳的双手纺织幸福的人生。
a表示“一”，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an表示“一”，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表示特指；/不用冠词。此处泛指“一个有趣的文化”，且interesting是元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an。故选B。
三、
36. (w)aste
37. (A)ccording
38. (c)ourse
39. (i)mportant
40. (d)uring
41. (c)ompared
42. (a)ttention
43. (h)elpful
44. (s)kills
45. (u)nderstanding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要内容是关于青少年做家务的问题受到了教育部的重视，以及青少年做家务的好处。
36. 句意：在他们看来，这完全是浪费时间。根据“it’s a complete …of time”和首字母提示可知，应填waste；a waste of time“浪费时间”。故填(w)aste。
37. 句意：根据该文件，劳动教育被列为高中学生的必修课。根据“… to the document”和首字母提示可知，应填according；according to“根据，按照”。故填(A)ccording。
38. 句意：根据该文件，劳动教育被列为高中学生的必修课。根据“Voluntary service, as part of labor education, would take two credits.”可知，劳动教育课有学分；结合“compulsory… for high school students”和首字母提示可知，应填course，表示“课程”。故填(c)ourse。
39. 句意：它将和外语或物理一样重要。根据“ It would be as …as the foreign language or physics.”可知，劳动课和外语、物理一样重要；结合首字母提示，应填important；as…as之间用形容词、副词原级。故填(i)mportant。
40. 句意：教育部还要求学校确保学生在整个三学年中做40个小时的志愿服务。根据“the full three school years”和首字母提示可知，应填during，表示“在……期间”。故填(d)uring。
41. 句意：中小学生每天花在家务上的时间仅为12分钟，而美国为72分钟，韩国为42分钟，法国为30分钟。根据“72 minutes in the US, 42 minutes in South Korea and 30 minutes in France”和首字母提示可知，此处将中国中学生做家务的时间与国外的进行对比；结合首字母提示，应填compared，表示“相比”，过去分词作状语。故填(c)ompared。
42. 句意：父母认为做家务会使学生不太关注学业。根据“Parents think doing household chores would make students pay less…to their schoolwork.”和首字母提示可知，应填attention；pay attention to“注意”。故填(a)ttention。
43. 句意：事实上，它对青少年很有帮助。根据“teamwork and problem-solving…give people a sense of pride”可知，劳动教育对青少年是有帮助的；结合首字母提示，应填helpful，表示“有帮助的”。故填(h)elpful。
44. 句意：做家务不仅可以教会人们团队合作和解决问题的能力，还可以给人们一种自豪感。根据“problem-solving”可知，此处表示“解决问题的能力”；结合首字母提示，应填skill；空前没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填(s)kills。
45. 句意：通过这样的教育，学生被期望发展工作能力，以及更好地了解世界。根据“a better …of the world”和首字母提示，应填understanding，表示“对世界有更好的了解”。故填(u)nderstanding。
四、
46. care
47. Differences/difference
48. among
49. habits
50. required
51. finally
52. are
53. first
54. how
55. both
【解析】本文主要介绍了国家发布关于让学生们重视和尊重劳动的指导方针，从老师和家长角度作出了相应的建议。
46. 句意：然而，有很多孩子习惯了像“小皇帝和小公主”一样到处都有人喂，有人照顾。根据“taken … of everywhere”及备选词可知，此处用take care of表示“照顾”，故填care。
47. 句意：他们分不清韭菜和青葱这类食物。根据“They can’t tell the…between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots”及备选词可知，分不清韭菜和青葱，difference“差异”，此空可以填单数名词，也可以填复数名词，故填differences/difference。
48. 句意：为了强调对学生进行勤奋精神教育的重要性。根据“In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education …students”及备选词可知，在学生中强调这个重要性，among“在……之中”，故填among。
49. 句意：通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的学习习惯。根据“develop good working”及备选词可知，培养好的习惯，habit“习惯”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填habits。
50. 句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“Students will be … to understand and master the basics of home cooking”及备选词可知，要求学生掌握这些技能，require“需要”，此处是被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填required。
51. 句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“from preparing vegetables to … being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently”及备选词可知，此处指最终独立完成整个过程，副词finally“最终”作状语，故填finally。
52. 句意：这些将是孩子们终身的技能，帮助他们发展成为全面发展的个体，而不仅仅是能够参加考试的学生。be able to do sth“能够做某事”，句子是一般现在时，先行词students是复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。
53. 句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。根据“As children’s… teachers, parents should also encourage”及常识可知，家长是孩子们的启蒙老师，first teacher“启蒙老师”，故填first。
54. 句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。此空缺少引导词引导宾语从句，备选词how符合，故填how。
55. 句意：对于学生来说，在学校和家里接受劳动教育都是非常重要的。根据“at school and at home”可知，此处用both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。
五、
Labor education is important. I often take part in some activities. Our school has classes to teach us how to do the cleaning and make cakes. We also have some interesting clubs like the paper cutting club. These make our school life colorful and meaningful. At home, I often help my parents do housework. For example, I take out the rubbish after dinner and help to wash the dishes. What's more, I clean up the park in my neighborhood and visit the old people’s home with my teacher and classmates.
I’ve learned a lot from these activities. They help to develop my living skills and live better in the future.
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