初中英语中考复习 专题02 数词-2020年中考英语冲刺精讲精练
展开专题02数词
精讲数词
中考英语试题中针对数词的考点主要有:确切数量与模糊数量表示法;年龄、年代表示法;分数词表示法;“基数词十名词”构成的合成形容词;基数词与序数词辨异。
一、确切数与模糊数的表示法
(1)当hundred, thousand, million等前面有不定冠词a或one, two, three, four等数词时,hundred, thousand, million等要用单数形式表示“确切数量”。如果表示“数百、数千、数百万”等“模糊数量”时,hundred, thousand, million要用复数形式,且后面要与of连用。如:a hundred people“一百人”,four thousand cars “4000辆车”,seven million dollars“700万美元”,hundreds of computers“数百台电脑”,thousands of trees“数千棵树/成千上万棵树”,millions of stars“数百万颗星星”等。
(2)表示“模糊数量”时,还可用and连接两个数词hundred, thousand或million,此时这两个数词都要用复数形式,后面同样都要与of连用。如:hundreds and thousands of“千千万万的”,hundreds and millions of“亿万的”等。
二、年龄、年代表示法
(1)表示“年龄”用基数词,如:eighteen years old“十八岁”;但表示某人多少岁的生日要用序数词,如:his eighteenth birthday“他的十八岁生日”。
(2)表示“在某人几十岁时”,把表示“几十”的基数词变为复数形式,且其前用人称代词所有格,如:in his fifties“在他五十岁时”。
(3)表示“年代”,在数字后加s或's,且数字前要用the,如:in the 1980s/1980's“在二十世纪八十年代”。
三、分数词表示法
分数词由“基数词+序数词”构成,基数词表示“分子”,序数词表示“分母”。当“分子”大于1时,“分母”要用复数形式。比较:one third三分之一,two thirds三分之二,three fifths五分之三,four sevenths七分之四。
(1)构成分数词时,基数词与序数词之间加不加横线都可以。如:one-third=one third, three-fifths=three fifths。
(2) “数词/冠词a+quarter”表示“四分之……”,quarter表示“分母”,相当于“数词+fourth(s)”。当“分子”大于1时,quarter要用复数形式。如:one/a quartet=one fourth“四分之一”;three quarters=three fourths“四分之三”等。
(3)表示“百分之……”的percent或per cent不用复数形式,构成形式:“基数词+percent/per cent”。如:one percent/per cent“百分之一”,twenty-six percent/per cent“百分之二十六”等。
注:1.考查分数词用法的试题,还常结合主谓一致进行考查。此时,我们要依照分数词所修饰的名词来确定句子的谓语用单数还是用复数。如果所修饰的是复数形式的可数名词,谓语要用复数形式;如果所修饰的是不可数名词,谓语要用单数形式。比较例句:
One third of the people there are farmers.那里三分之一的人是农民。
Two thirds of the work has been done.这项工作的三分之二已经完成。
2. population(人口)要用单数形式,但表示“百分之几的人口”作主语时,谓语动词却要用复数形式。如:
Over 80 per cent of our whole population are peasants.我国总人口的百分之八十以上是农民。
Twenty percent were dropped in the examination.有百分之二十的人考试不及格
四、“基数词+名词”构成的合成形容词
“基数词+名词(+形容词)”构成合成形容词时,用连字号“-”连接,连字号后的这个名词不能用复数形式。例如:a 7-day holiday“为期七天的假期”,a five-year-old boy“一个五岁的男孩”。
五、基数词与序数词辨异
(1)表示人或物的“数量”,要用基数词。如:five students“五个学生”,one hundred computers“一百台电脑”。
(2)表示“第几”要用序数词,前面要与the或人称代词所有格连用。例如:the First World War“第一次世界大战”,the third flood“第三层楼”,in her second class“在她的第二节课上”。
(3)“a/an+序数词”不是强调“第几”,而是表示“又一、另一、再一”。例如:a second Lei Feng“又一个活雷锋”,a third time“再次”。
精练数词
( )1. —Is it far from your home to school? —Not very far, only ____.
A. 15 minute's rides B. 15 minutes' ride
C. 15 minute's ride D. 15 minutes' rides
( )2.—Which month of the year do you like best?
—July, the________month, because summer vacation begins in this month.
A. seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth
( )3. We gave away________ books to the school library last year.
A. six thousands B. six thousand
C. six thousands of D. six thousand of
( )4. —Is Dongjin Highspeed Railway Station the ________ largest in Hubei Province?
—Yes, of course. It's just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan.
A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
( )5. There are 24 solar terms in a year. Grain Rain often starts in April, the ________ month of the year.
A. third B. fourth C. fifth D.sixth
( )6. ﹣Which country do you think will win the first prize of the ________FIFA World Cup?
﹣You mean the football match will be held in_________ ?
A.twenty﹣one; Russia B.twenty﹣first; Russian
C.twenty﹣first; Russia D.twenty﹣one; Russian
( )7. His mother took him to visit the Great Wall on his ________ birthday.
A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D.ninety
( )8. Please pass me ________ book on the right.
A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth
( )9. There are ________ floors in the building. We live on ________ floor.
A. the ninth; the ninth B. the ninth; nine
C. nine; the ninth D. nine; nine
( )10. We are preparing programs to celebrate our country's ________ birthday.
A. seventy B. seventieth C. seventeenth D.seventeen
( )11. The apartment has ________ floors and Mr. Green lives on the ________ floor.
A. twelfth; twelfth B. twelve; twelfth
C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve ; twelve
( )12. On my ________ birthday, I got a new schoolbag as a gift from my parents.
A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth D.nineteen
( )13. There are ________ people in Dale's family. They live on the ________ floor.
A. five; nine B. fifth; nine C. five; ninth D. fifth; ninth
( )14.—How many books are there on the shelf?
—Well. I think there are ________ books.
A. two hundred and fortysix B. two hundreds and forty
C. two hundred fourteen D.two hundreds fourteen
( )15. Every year, ________ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside.
A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousand of D. thousands
( )16. ________ volunteers will be needed for 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games.
A. Two thousand of B. Two thousands of
C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
( )17. My grandparents live in an old aparhnent with floors and they are on the floor.
A. fifth; three B. fifth; third
C. five; three D. five; third
( )18. A year is divided into months. August is the month of the year.
A. twelve; eight B. twelve; eighth
C. twelfth; eight D. twelfth; eighth
( )19.-Have you heard about Zhangjiajie Glass Footbridge?
一Of course, it' s built over a canyon in the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park.
A. 300-meter-deep B. 300-meters-deep
C. 300 meter deep D. 300-meters deep
( )20. It is five years since we began to enjoy a spring holiday each year.
A. ten-day B. ten day C. ten day’s D. ten days
( )21.-Mum, of my classmates glasses.
一Oh, my God. You need to protect your eyes well.(2018年宿迁)
A. three-fouiths; wears B. three-fourth; wear
C. three-fourth; wears D. three-fourths; wear
( )22.-What do you think of the environment here, Mr.Wang?
-Wonderful! of the land covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifths; is B. Two fifth; is
C. Two fifths; are D. Two fifth; are
( )23一Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
-That's of the world' s total.
A. two third B. two-third C. two thirds D. two three
( )24.There are _________teachers in our school, and _________of them are women teachers.
A.two hundreds; three fourth B.two hundred; three fourths
C.two hundred; three forths D.two hundred of; three fourths
( )25.一How old is your younger brother, Tom?
一 . And we had a birthday party for his birthday last week.
A.Ninth;nine B.Nine;nine
C.Nine; ninth D.Ninth;ninth
( )26. fans watched his final match and of them were men.
A.Three millions;third four B.Million of; three fourths
C.Millions of; three fourth D.Millions of; three fourths
( )27.We are going on holiday to the southern part of Europe in the week of July.
A.two B.twice C.second D.seconds
( )28.The chairperson received about three ______ applications to join the Bird watching Club.
A.hundred B.hundreds of C.hundred of D.hundreds
( )29. In Yunnan province, there is a valley famous for its butterflies. You will see over four ______kinds of butterflies flying around ______you get into the valley.
A.hundred; when B.hundreds of; while
C.hundred; until D.hundreds; if
( )30.﹣Mum,____of the apples____gone bad.( )
﹣We'd better eat up the rest as soon as possible.
A.one third; have B.one thirds; have
C.one third; has D.first three; has
答案解析
1. D.根据句意:—你家离学校远吗?—不是很远,只要骑车十五分钟。表示“十五分钟的骑行”,所以15 minutes’ 表示“15分钟的”,骑行是一次骑行,所以用单数,故本题选择C
2. C 根据句意:—你最喜欢一年中的哪个月?—7月,一年中的第7个月,因为暑假在这个月开始。所以选择序数词“第7”,故本题选择C
3. B 根据句意:去年我们向学校图书馆捐赠了6000本书,“六千”的正确表达方式为six thousand,故本题选择B
4. B 根据句意:—东津高铁站是湖北省第二大高铁站吗?—是的,它仅仅比武汉最大的高铁站小一点。所以是“第二大”,应该填second,故本题选择B
5. B 根据句意:一年有24个节气,谷雨常开始于四月份,一年中的第四个月。所以选择序数词“第四个”,故本题选择B
6. C 根据句意: ﹣你认为哪个国家将获得第二十一届国际足联世界杯冠军?﹣你是说将在俄罗斯举行足球比赛?twenty﹣one二十一,是基数词;twenty﹣first第二十一,是序数词,Russia俄罗斯,是国家的名字,Russian俄语,俄国人。第一个空填"第二十一",第二个空填"俄罗斯".故选C.
7. C 根据句意:他的妈妈在它九岁生日时带他去了长城。所以填序数词“第九”,故本题选择C
8. D 根据句意:请把右手边的第四本书递给我。所以填序数词“第四”,且序数词前要有限定词,故本题选择D
9. C 根据句意:这栋楼有九层楼,我们住在第九层。所以第一空填基数词“九”,第二空填序数词“第九”,故本题选择C
10. B 根据句意:我们正在筹备节目庆祝祖国的70岁生日。所以选择序数词“第七十”,故本题选择B
11. B根据句意:这套公寓有12层,格林先生住在第十二层。所以第一空用基数词,第二空用序数词,故本题选B
12. B 根据句意:在我九岁生日时,我从爸爸妈妈那里得到了一个新书包作为礼物,所以用序数词“第九”,横线前已经有限定词my,所以不需要the,故本题选择B
13. C 根据句意:Dale家有五个人,他们住在第五层。故本题选择C
14. A 根据句意:—书柜上有多少本书?—我觉得有246本。四个选项中只有A选项表述正确,故本题选择A
15. B 根据句意:每年数以千计的书被捐赠给农村地区的贫困儿童。表示泛指,所以thousand 要加s,后面也要加of,故本题选择B
16. D 根据句意:2020年北京冬奥会需要数以千计的志愿者。“数以千计”表示为thousands of,故本题选择D
17. D 第一空后是复数名词floors,故第一空用基数词five表示数量;第二空前有定冠词the,其后是单数名词floor,故第二空用序数词作定语,表示“第几层”。故本题应选择D项。
18. B。第一空后是复数名词months,故第一空用基数词twelve表示数量;第二空前有定冠词the,其后是单数名词month,要用序数词作定语,表示“第几个”。故本题应选择B项。
19 A。“基数词+名词+形容词”构成合成形容词时,其中的名词不能用复数形式,故本题应选择A项,即300-meter-deep。
20. A。ten-day是合成形容词,意思是“十天的”,作spring holiday的定语。
21. D。四分之三,分子大于1,分母的序数词fourth要用其复数形式fourths,分子要用基数词three,故第一空要用three-fourths。第二空考查的是主谓一致。主语classmates是可数名词的复数形式,无论是其中的四分之一还是四分之二,谓语都要用复数形式,故第二空要用wear。故本题应选择D项。
22. A。五分之二,分子大于1,分母的序数词fifth要用其复数形式fifths,分子要用基数词two,故第一空要用Two fifths。第二空考查的是主谓一致。主语land是不可数名词,谓语用单数形式,故第二空要用is。故本题应选择A项。
23. C。三分之二,分子大于1,分母的序数词third要用复数形式thirds,分子要用基数词two,故应选择C项。
24. B 根据句意:在我们学校有二百个老师,他们中的四分之三是女老师。具体的几百几千不能加复数,分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母要变成复数,故本题选择B
25. C根据句意:—汤姆,你弟弟多大了?—九岁。上周我们为他的九岁生日开了一个生日聚会。所以用序数词“第九”,故本题选择C
26.D根据句意:数百万的粉丝观看了他的决赛而且其中四分之三都是男人。如果表示泛指要用millions of, 故又可排除B.分数的表达法是:当分子大于一的时候,分母要加s,故可排除C.故选D.
27.C根据句意:我们将在七月的第二周去欧洲南部度假.表示七月的第二周,这里应该用序数词.故选C.
28.A根据句意:主席收到约三百个加入观鸟俱乐部的申请.表示确定数量时,记数单位如hundred,thousand不用加复数.表示不确定数的概念通常用复数形式,后接of,如hundreds of表示成百的,数以百计的.根据three,可知在这里是一个确定的数量,后面直接用hundred即可.故选A.
29.A根据句意:在云南省,有一个以蝴蝶闻名的山谷,当你进入山谷的时候,你会看到超过四百种蝴蝶在周围飞舞.hundred,百,前面有具体数字,不加s不加of ,前面没有具体数字,加s,加of,用作hundreds of ,表示成百上千的.第一个空前面是four,故hundred.第二个空用when.故选A.
30.A根据句意:﹣妈妈,三分之一的苹果已经坏了.﹣我们最好尽快吃完剩下的.分数表达法是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1,分母要加﹣s,所以三分之一的正确表达为:one third;当分数修饰名词时,谓语动词由名词决定单复数,apples为复数,故选A
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