中考重要语法知识点专题复习-现在完成时

这是一份中考重要语法知识点专题复习-现在完成时，共8页。
过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

结构
1.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他
2.否定形式：主语+have/has + nt +p.p（过去分词）+其他
3.一般疑问句：have/has+主语+其他成分
例句：I've already had lunch.
This city has changed a lt in the past few years.
用法
表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在已经结束。
Smene has cleaned the classrm .
I have already finished my hmewrk.
表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能仍在继续。
Mr. Wang has taught in this schl since 2001.
I have learnt English fr mre than ten years.
表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。
Have yu ever been t the Shanghai?
I have never watched a film.
现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…，It’s the first time …连用。
It is the first time (that)I have spken t a freigner.
This is the secnd time she has seen an elephant.
现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最……的。
It’s the mst bring film I’ve ever seen.
Yu are the mst beautiful girl I’ve met.
四．时间状语
（1）常与表示过去不确定的时间状语连用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, befre, up t nw, s far, fr the last few weeks等，表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作。
（2）还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用：nw, tday, this mrning (afternn, evening, week, mnth, year), these days, since, fr a lng time等.
（3）since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。
He has learned abut 5000 wrds since he went t cllege.
（4）fr短语表示动作延续多长时间，fr的宾语为时间段。
We have knwn each ther fr twenty years.
I haven’t met her fr a lng time.
（5）just, lately, recently是完成时的时间状语，just nw是一般过去时时间状语。
I ate lunch just nw.
I have just ate lunch.
（6）in the past few years 意思是“过去几年来”，可作现在完成时的时间状语；
in the past “在过去”，常作一般过去时的时间状语。
We’ve wn 10 medals in the past few years.
I wrked in a factry in the past.
（7）even since then与frm then n (after that)都有“从那以后”之意，前者是完成时的时间状语，后者常用作一般过去时的时间状语。
She has lived here ever since then.
She lived here frm then n.
（8）befre泛指“以前”时用于现在完成时；ag表示“现在的一段时间以前”用于一般过去时。
I’ve never been t Japan befre.
She went t Japan tw years ag.
（9）ever和never也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。ever意思是“曾经”，用于肯定句和疑问句中，never从不，表全部否定。
Have yu ever seen that film?”
“N. I have never seen it.”
（10） already和yet常见于现在完成时中，有“已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定句，后者用于否定句和疑问句，yet在否定句中有“还”之意。
Has the bus left yet”?
Yes. It has already left.” /N. It hasn’t left yet.
（11）s far(到目前为止)，these days(这些天) 也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。
S far, n man has travelled farther than the mn.
What have yu dne these days? 这些天来，你做了什么事？
（12）nw, tday, this mrning, this year等有时可以用现在完成时中。
I have learned hw t swim nw. 我现在终于学会了怎样游泳。

五．短暂性动词与时间段的关系
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：becme, begin, buy, brrw, arrive, cme, die, fall, finish, get t knw, g, jin, leave, marry等。
为了表述这种意思，我们常用相应的延续性动词have，keep等或短语“be+名词/形容词/位置副词/介词短语”来代替短暂性动词
becme→be, begin→have , brrw → keep, buy → have,
pen → be pen，die→be dead, fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill),
cme(g,arrive,get)→be here/there/in…， leave→be away (frm…),
jin→be in …（be a member f … ）, marry→be married等
也可以仍用短暂性动作，用句型It is … since从句（从句中用一般过去时）”或用“一般过去时+ …ag”这一结构来表述延续性的动作或状态。
He has been dead fr twenty years.
It is twenty years since he died.
He died twenty years ag.
六．have been 与have gne 的用法比较
1. have been t...“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
2. have gne t... “去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那
Where is XiaMing？ —————She has gne t Shanghai.
I have nce been t Guilin, I went there last year.
Exercise.
1._____ yu ________(clean) the rm?
Yes, we __________(d) that already.
When _______ yu ______(d) it?
We _______(d) it an hur ag.
2._______he______ （see）this film yet? Yes.
When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week.
3.Hw many times_______yu_______there?
4.I_____________（read）the nvel twice. It’s interesting.
____________（give）up smking since last year.
6.She___________（g）t Paris, hasn’t she? Yes, she has.
Hw ______ she _______(g) there?
She _______ (g) there by air.
7.He has never been t Shanghai, ______________? (反意疑问句）

8.The ld man _________last year. He________ fr a year.(die)
9.Miss Ga left an hur ag. (改写句子，句意不变)
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10.This factry pened twenty years ag.(改写句子，句意不变)
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11.They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)
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12.她两年前就梦想成为一名优秀的舞者。
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13.我不饿，我刚刚才吃过晚饭。
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14.不要担心，火车还没到达呢。
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15.我从2018年就开始阅读这本书了。
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