人教版初中冲刺中考英语语法精讲:不定式的基本形式与用法

不定式得基本形式与构造
动词不定式指平日由to加上动词实情(如to write)所组成得一种非限制性动词形式，但在有些情形下to可以省略。
动词不定式有举行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有主动态(如to be written)，所有得主动词，不论是及物动词仍是不及物动词，也不论是举措动词仍是状况动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外，没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功用上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
不定式得用法
1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．
2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．

在上述情形下，若是不定式较长，显得头重足轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词庖代)，而将不定式放到后面。如：

1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago．

2. John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．

不定式构造所示意得举措是谁做得，即不定式得逻辑主语，平日可以通过for sb.to do sth.构造表达：

1. It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review．
2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.

在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来 指导 向导出其逻辑主语：
1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth．
2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．

2)不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后干脆跟带to得不定式，别得一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to得不定式。

只能跟动词不定式得动词，常见得有:afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decide demand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。

1. He managed to solve the complicated problem.
2. The stranger offered to show me the way.
3. Mr.Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.

动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式：

这类动词常见得有advise，decide，find out，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英语语法归纳，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常见得疑问代(副)词有:what，when，where，which，how，whether等。

1.He does not know when to start.

2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.

3.I will show you how to deal with it.

有时，不定式可由it庖代，而把不定式放到后面往。这可以用这一构造表达：动词(如find，think，consider，feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。

1. She considers it necessary to make friends with him.
2. We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.

（3)不定式做表语

一种情形为主语是不定式(示意前提)；表语也是不定式(示意效果)：

1. To see is to believe.
2. To work means to earn a living．

别得一种情形为主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名词为中央得短语，或以what 指导 向导得名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起增补申明作用；例如：

1. His aim is to study abroad in the near future．
2. The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price．
3. What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience．

4)不定式作定语

不定式构做作名词词组润饰语重要有三品种型：

第一种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得逻辑宾语。例如：

1. There was really nothing to fear．
2. He gave me an interesting book to read．

若是不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加响应得介词。例如：

1. Mary needs a friend to play with．
2. That girl has nothing to worry about．
3. They have a strict teacher to listen to．
4. Although the film had been on for ten minutes，I still was not able to find a chair to sit on．

第二种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得逻辑主语；例如：

1. Have you got a key to unlock the door?
2. The action to be taken is correct．
3. There is nothing to be gained by pretending．

第三种，被润饰得名词词组是不定式得同位构造。这类名词平日是示意妄想、起劲、倾向、目得、愿远望、is算、才能、意向等意义得名词：ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。例如：

1. Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her．
2. I have no wishto quarrel withyou．
3. Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.

5)不定式作状语

不定式构造在句中作状语平日都能转换为限制性状语从句。

例如作原因状语：

1. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area．
2. They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area．
3. He was lucky to arrive before dark．
4. He was lucky because he arrived before dark．

作目得状语：

1. She raised her voice to be heared better．
2. She raised her voice so that she could heard better．
3. We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam．
4. We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam．

作效果状语：

1. The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians．
2. The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians．
3. He got to the station only to be told the train had gone．
4. He got to the station and was told that the train had gone．