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    初中英语中考复习 10-晨读暮省-2021年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测

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    初中英语中考复习 10-晨读暮省-2021年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测

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    这是一份初中英语中考复习 10-晨读暮省-2021年中考英语考纲核心词汇50天通关之拓展读练测,共15页。试卷主要包含了 general, gegraphy, gld, gvernment, greeting, grw, A, guard等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    (一)词汇晨读入心
    1. general
    adj.大体的,笼统的,总的,一般的
    关联词组:in general总之;一般而言;general public公众;general idea大意,梗概;general manager总经理;general rule一般规则;通则
    in general用法:
    eq \\ac(○,1)作状语:The weather in Flrida is warm in general.一般来说弗罗里达州的天气是暖和的。
    eq \\ac(○,2)放在复数名词后作定语:Peple in general will supprt us.总体而言,人们会支持我们的。
    词性转换:generally adv.通常,一般地;普遍地:generally speaking=in general一般而言
    (2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Researchers in France tk their research ut int the street, t the general public.
    2. gegraphy
    n.地理(学),地形
    关联词组:a gegraphy lessn/teacher/textbk地理课/老师/课本
    词性转换:gegraphical=gegraphic adj.地理(学)的;gegraphically adv.在地理上;地理学上
    (2019,江苏卷,阅读填空)Over the years, the system develped int different frms, as it was a time when peple were d 70 gegraphically, leading t different dialects(方言 ) and characters.
    3. gld
    n.黄金;金色;adj.金质的;金(黄)色的
    关联词组:gld medal金牌;gld mine金矿;pure gld纯金;gld ring/watch/cin金戒指/表/币
    用法:gld作化学元素、物质名词时,是不可数名词;表示“金色”时,可作可数名词,例如:
    I lve the reds and glds f autumn.我喜欢秋天的火红色和金黄色。
    gld和glden的区别:
    eq \\ac(○,1)词性上看,gld可作名词,也可作形容词;glden只作形容词
    eq \\ac(○,2)gld修饰名词时,是名词作定语,主要指由金制造的东西,侧重材料;也可以形容词身份修饰名词,表示“金色的”:D yu like the gld car?你喜欢这两金色的车吗?
    eq \\ac(○,3)glden修饰名词时,文学色彩浓厚,往往带有比喻意义,表示“黄金般的”、“宝贵的”、“美好的”、“很有前途的”等意义,例如:glden age黄金时期;glden chance绝好机会
    eq \\ac(○,4)一些习惯使用glden的情形:glden hair金发;glden egg/apple金蛋/苹果
    (2019,山东卷,阅读C)The king was wild with jy. He ran arund his palace and tuched everything he saw. Everything was turned int gld!
    4. gvernment
    n.政府
    关联词组:central gvernment中央政府;lcal gvernment地方政府;gvernment fficial政府官员
    词性转换:gvernmental adj.政府的;gvern v.管理;统治;gvernr n.管理者;统治者;地方长官
    (2019,浙江卷,阅读D)Big data can have different kinds f infrmatin frm many surces, such as infrmatin that cmes frm schls, scial media sites, cmpanies and gvernments.
    5. greeting
    n.祝贺;问候
    关联词组:greeting card贺卡
    用法:通常搭配的动词有send(发送),exchange(交换);常用作复数greetings,表示“贺词”、“问候的话”:Christmas/birthday greetings圣诞/生日贺词
    词性转换:greet v.问候,打招呼
    (2019,北京卷,短文阅读)A gift is necessary when ne is invited t visit friends in China. After greetings, the gift shuld be passed immediately t the hst.
    6. grw
    v.生长;发展;种植;变成
    词形变化:过去式grew,过去分词grwn
    关联词组:grw up长大,成长;grwn int…成长为……;grw rice/vegetables/flwers种水稻/蔬菜/花;grw ld变老
    用法:grw表示“增长”含义时,常用语a grwing number f的结构,意味“越来越多的”:
    A grwing number f peple are ging vegetarian.越来越多的人开始吃素了。
    词性转换:grwth n.增长;发展;生长;种植:the grwth f ppulatin人口增长
    (2019,北京卷,完形)
    And mments f failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned t face disappintment and grwn strnger.
    20. A. trustB. prideC. characterD. supprt
    7. guard
    n.警戒,保卫;保护装置;v.保卫
    名词词组:security guard保安;keep guard站岗;guard dg看门狗
    动词词组:guard against防止,提防
    (2019,重庆卷,阅读A)U.S cmpanies pay almst $10 billin a year t prtect their prperty with alarm systems and human guards.
    8. habit
    n.习惯;习性
    关联词组:gd/bad habit好/坏习惯;frm the habit f养成……的习惯;living habit生活习惯;eating habit饮食习惯;ut f habit出于习惯;break the habit改掉习惯
    词性转换:habitual adj.习惯的,习以为常的;habitually adv.惯常,习惯地
    (2019,山东卷,单项填空)
    5.My brther has a healthy living habit. He stays up late, and he is an early bird.
    A. usuallyB. hardlyC. ftenD. always
    9. hang
    v.悬挂;垂落;吊着;把……吊起
    词形变化:过去式hung,过去分词hung
    关联词组:hang n坚持下去;握住不放;不挂断;hang ut闲逛;hang up (the phne)挂断电话;hang nt依附;紧紧抓住
    用法:hang可作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语;也可作不及物动词,其主动形式含有被动意义。例如:
    Yu may hang yur cat n the hk.你可以把外套挂在钩子上。
    All the shirts hang tgether in the same wardrbe.所有的衬衫都挂在同一个衣橱里。
    (2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)
    44. We ____________ (很少地〕hang ut at weekends recently.
    10. happen
    v.(偶然)发生;碰巧
    eq \\ac(○,1)表示“某地(某时)发生了什么事”,常用“sth.+ happen +地点/时间”句型,此时主语为事情。例如:
    The stry happened in 1998.这个故事发生在1998年。
    eq \\ac(○,2)表示“某人出了某事(常指不好的事)”,常用“sth.+ happen+t sb.”这一结构来表达。例如:
    A car accident happened t her this mrning.今天上午她发生了交通事故。
    What happened t yu?=what’s wrng with yu?你怎么啦?
    eq \\ac(○,3)表示“某人碰巧做某事”,常用“sb.+ happen+ t d sth.”来表达。例如:
    I happened t meet a friend f mine in the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇到了我的一个朋友。
    eq \\ac(○,4)表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事”时,还可用“It happens/happened that...”这一结构来表达。例如:
    It happened that Brian and Peter were at hme that day.
    碰巧那天布莱恩和彼得在家了。
    注:that从句中的主语是人时,该结构可与“sb.+ happen + t d sth.”结构互换。例如:
    It happened that Brian and Peter were at hme that day.= Brian and Peter happened t be at hme that day.
    词性转换:happening n.发生的事(常用复数):
    There have been strange happenings here lately.这儿最近发生了一些怪事。
    (2019,浙江卷,完形填空)
    Hw did this happen? I ___17___ we were friends.
    17. A. fundB. admittedC. realizedD. thught
    11. hard
    adj.硬的;困难的;努力的;adv.努力地;艰难地;猛烈地
    形容词词组:hard disk硬盘;hard drive硬盘驱动器;have a hard time过得艰难;hard cpy硬拷贝;复印件
    副词词组:wrk hard努力工作(学习);try hard努力
    hard和hardly区别:
    eq \\ac(○,1)hard既是形容词,又是自己的副词,表示“努力的(地)”、“猛烈的(地)”;
    eq \\ac(○,2)hardly只作副词,其词义与hard相去甚远,指“几乎不”,表示否定概念。试比较:
    He wrks hard.他努力工作。
    He hardly wrks.他几乎不工作。
    词性转换:hardness n.硬度;harden v.硬化;变硬;hardship n.困苦,艰难险阻;
    同义词:difficult adj.困难的
    反义词:sft adj.软的;温柔的;easy adj.容易的,简单的
    (2019,浙江卷,完形)Over three weekends f hard wrk, Sally turned her design int a real, wrking g-kart and painted it light blue.
    12. health
    n.健康,卫生
    关联词组:health care卫生保健;physical health身体健康;mental health心理健康;Wrld Health Organizatin世界卫生组织
    词性转换:healthy adj.健康的,健全的;healthily adv.健康地;healthiness n.健康,健全
    同义词:fitness n.健康;适当
    (2019,山东卷,单项填空)
    21. Tennis can exercise all f ur muscles (肌肉) . And it requires _________t spend time with thers. This is gd fr ur health, t.
    A. urs B. us C. we
    13. hear
    v.听到;听说
    词形变化:过去式heard,过去分词heard
    关联词组:hear frm sb.收到某人的信;hear abut听说,得知;hear f听说过
    eq \\ac(○,1)hear与listen的区别:hear强调“听见”,即听的结果;listen强调听的动作;
    eq \\ac(○,2)hear sb. d sth.表示听到某人做某事的全过程;hear sb. ding sth.强调听到某人正在做某事。试比较:
    I heard him sing a sng yesterday.昨天我听见他唱了一支歌。
    I culd hear peple singing happily next dr.我可以听见隔壁有人在欢快地唱歌。
    (2019,江苏卷,单项填空)
    9.Culd yu speak in a lud vice s that I can hear yu _______________?
    A. quicklyB. happilyC. slwlyD. clearly
    14. heat
    n.热,高温;v.加热;使激动
    词组:heat wave热浪;heat strke中暑;heat up加热
    词性转换:heated adj.热的;激动地,激烈的:heated discussin激烈的讨论;heater n.加热器
    (2019,山东卷,动词应用)The accident als caused heated discussins n the Internet.
    15. heavy
    adj.(沉)重的;大量的,严重的
    用法:除了可指重量之外,heavy常用来表示数量、程度或严重性之大,常见搭配有:
    heavy traffic拥挤的交通;heavy rain/snw大雨/雪;heavy drinking/smking大量饮酒/吸烟
    词性转换:heavily adv.沉重地;猛烈地;heaviness n.沉重;沉闷
    反义词:light adj.轻的
    (2019,江苏卷,阅读B)
    26. What des the table abve shw?
    A. Hw heavy an egg can be.B. Hw lng t ck an egg in a pan.
    C. Hw t make an egg sink.D. Hw t check the age f an egg.
    16. help
    v.&n.帮助,帮忙
    动词词组:help neself (t sth.)自用(食物),自取所需;can’t help (ding sth.)忍不住(做),情不自禁
    名词词组:with the help f sb.=with sb.’s help在……的帮助下;ask fr help寻求帮助
    eq \\ac(○,1)help作动词时,即是及物动词,也是不及物动词。常用结构有help (sb.) with+名词,help (sb.) in ding sth.,help (sb.) (t) d sth.(接不定式时可以省略t):
    He always helps (her) with the husewrk.他总是帮着(她)做家务。
    She helped (me) (t) rganize the party. 她协助(我)筹备了晚会。
    eq \\ac(○,2)help做名词时,表示“帮助”时,常接介词with;还可以指“有帮助的人或物”,这时常接介词t:
    Yur advice was a big help t me.你的建议对我很有帮助。
    词性转换:helpful adj.有帮助的,有益的;helpfully adv.有益地,有用地;helpless adj.无助的;没用的;helplessly adv.无助地,无能为力地
    (2019,北京卷,短文阅读)
    I was mrtified. My hands were shaking. I culdn't help crying ___16___.
    16. A. sadlyB. shylyC. excitedlyD. nervusly
    17. hide
    v.把……藏起来;隐藏
    词形变化:过去式hid,过去分词hidden
    关联词组:hide and seek捉迷藏
    用法:hide可作及物动词表示“把……藏起来,隐瞒……”,也可作不及物动词,表示“隐藏,隐瞒”。常用的介词搭配有:hide (sb./sth.) in/under/behind…(把……)藏于……;hide (sb./sth.) frm sb.对……隐瞒:
    D nt hide yur fear frm yurself.不要对自己隐瞒你的恐惧。
    词性转换:hidden adj.隐藏的:hidden truble/danger隐患
    (2019,湖南卷,语法填空)
    22.Keep trying, ______ yu might surprisingly find hidden abilities within yu.
    A.butB.andC.r
    18. histry
    n.历史;历史学
    关联词组:in histry在历史上;human histry人类历史;mdern histry近代史;histry museum历史博物馆;histry teacher历史老师
    词性转换:histric adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的;histrical adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的;histrically adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说
    注意histric和histrical的区别,histric通常表示具有重要历史意义的;histrical通常表示涉及历史、史学、过去的事实。试比较:
    Tday is a histric day fr ur cuntry.今天是我国具有历史意义的日子。
    He has been ding sme histrical study.他一直在进行史学研究。
    (2019年,江苏卷,词汇检测)
    43. Amy and Annie will g n a natural histry walk next ______________(星期日).
    19. hit
    v.打,撞,击中
    词形变化:过去式hit,过去分词hit
    用法:hit sb./sth. with sth.用……击打……;hit sth. n/against sth.使(身体部位)撞到(某物):
    He hit his head n the lw ceiling.他的头碰了低矮的天花板。
    熟词僻义:hit作名词时,除了表示“击,打”,还可表示“很受欢迎的人(或事)”:
    His new recrd is a real hit.他的新专辑极为成功,引起轰动。
    近义词:beat v.(敲)打
    (2019年,山东卷,动词应用)Liu hit the driver with her phne and prevented the driver frm driving the bus safely.
    20. hld
    v.拿,抱,握住;进行,举行
    词形变化:过去式held,过去分词held
    关联词组:hld n=hang n别挂断;等一下;hld up举起;hld back隐瞒;抑制;hld nt=hang nt抓住不放
    用法:hld除了表示“拿,握,抱”等肢体动作的含义,还经常用来表示“进行,举行,举办”的意思,常见搭配有hld a meeting/party/cmpetitin等。
    (2019年,山东卷,完形)Then jump straight up as high as yu can after the squat psitin, hlding yur arms up directly ver yur head.
    21.hnest
    adj.诚实的,正直的
    关联词组:t be hnest老实说
    eq \\ac(○,1)hnest前面的不定冠词要用an,不用a:an hnest man;
    eq \\ac(○,2)be hnest with sb.对某人诚实;be hnest abut sth.坦诚(不隐瞒)某事
    词性转换:hnesty n.诚实,正直;hnestly adv.诚实地,正直地:hnestly (speaking)=t be hnest老实说
    反义词:dishnest adj.不诚实的,不老实的
    (2019年,湖北卷,短文填空)T be hnest, if I cmpare China with the US, my answer has always been the same: “We are nt wrse r better than each ther; we are nly different.”
    22.hnur
    n.荣誉,荣耀;尊敬
    美式拼写:hnr
    关联词组:in hnur f为纪念……;fr the hnur f为了……的声誉;have the hnur f有幸……;guest f hnur贵宾
    用法:复数形式hnurs,特指“优异成绩”:graduate with hnurs以优异成绩毕业
    词性转换:hnured adj.受尊敬的;hnurable adj.荣誉的,值得尊敬的
    反义词:dishnur n.耻辱,丢脸
    (2019年,湖北卷,阅读C)We encurage ur kids t take hnrs curses(培优课程)r t have after-schl jbs.
    23.human
    n.人类;adj.人的,人类的
    关联词组:human bdy/brain人体/脑;human being人;人类;human nature人性
    用法:human也可以作名词,此时human=human being,意为“人,人类”。
    词性转换:humanly adv.像人地;以人力;humanity n.人类;人道
    (2019年,北京卷,阅读D)Nwadays, smart machines give us access t mst human knwledge.
    24.humrus
    adj.幽默的
    关联词组:humrus stries幽默故事
    词性转换:humrusly adv.幽默地,滑稽地;humur=humr n.幽默:sense f humur幽默感;black humur黑色幽默
    (2019年,江苏卷,阅读A)
    27. What des the underlined wrd “reslutin” mean in the passage?
    A. Prmise.B. Entertainment.C.HumurD. Secret.
    25.hungry
    adj.(饥)饿的;渴望的
    用法:hungry通常引申为“渴望的”,常用句式有be hungry fr sth.或be hungry t d sth.:
    She is hungry fr success.她渴望成功。
    She was hungry t learn.她渴望学习。
    词性转换:hunger n.饥饿;hungrily adv.饥饿地;渴望地
    (2019年,山东卷,单项填空)
    19. - I'm getting hungry. D yu knw where we can get sme gd fd?
    - Of curse! There ____________ a restaurant arund the cmer.
    A. will be B. was C. is
    26.hurry
    v.&n.赶快,急忙
    动词词组:hurry up赶快,快点
    名词词组:in a hurry着急,匆匆忙忙;in n hurry不着急,不匆忙;in such a hurry如此匆忙
    用法:
    eq \\ac(○,1)hurry可搭配一些介词作状语,例如:hurry+ alng/dwn:She hurried alng the rad.她匆匆地沿路而行;
    eq \\ac(○,2)hurry/in a hurry t d sth.表示“着急(赶紧)做某事”:Kate was in a hurry t grw up.凯特急切地想长大。
    (2019年,浙江卷,单项填空)
    10.–Tny, hurry up and dn't frget t lck the dr.
    - ___________________. I'm getting my cat.
    A. Wait a minuteB. N dealC. Nthing seriusD. Bad luck
    27.hurt
    v.伤害,使受伤;感到疼痛
    词形变化:过去式hurt,过去分词hurt
    用法:
    eq \\ac(○,1)hurt作及物动词,宾语常常为身体部位或者反身代词:hurt ne’s arm/leg/nse;hurt neself;也常用于被动语态,如:get hurt受伤了。
    eq \\ac(○,2)hurt作不及物动词,不接宾语,以身体部位作主语,表示“感到疼痛”,常用搭配有:sth. hurts badly/a lt(某身体部位)很痛;That/It (really) hurts!(真的)好疼!
    同义词:ache v.疼
    (2019年,浙江卷,阅读B)
    29. Accrding t the passage, what benefit can we get frm tramplining?
    A. It helps with bne grwth.B. It cures illnesses in ur knees.
    C. It helps reduce stress n muscles.D. It prevents ears frm being hurt.
    (二)暮省练习巩固
    一. 写出这些单词的汉语意义。
    1. gave ___________ 2. given __________ 3. gdbye_________
    4. gt__________ 5. happen _________ 6. heard __________
    7. her ____________ 8. hliday ________ 9. hmetwn __________
    10. husewrk __________ 11. huge _________ 12. human ________
    13. husband _________
    二. 按要求写出下列词汇的变化形式。
    1. happen_________(过去式)
    2. hear________ (过去式)
    3. her________(复数形式)
    4. hliday __________(复数形式)
    5. huge _______(比较级)
    6. get______(过去分词)
    7. give _________(过去式)_________(过去分词)
    三. 根据句意,用所给词汇的正确形式填空。
    1. Jim ________(give) a gift t his friend just nw.
    2. Mrs. Smith usually _______(get) up early, but this mrning she _______(get ) up late.
    3. A great traffic accident __________(happen) n the high way yesterday.
    4. He ______(hear) a great nise and gt up t see what tk place last night.
    5. T these peple he was a great __________(her).
    6. We are leaving fr Shanghai fr ur summer _______(hliday).
    四. 根据短文意思及汉语意义,写出合乎句意的单词。
    Maybe yu knw the name f Yang Yang. Nw he a great ____1__(英雄)in ur ____2___(家乡). Many newspaper and TV statin interviewed him and he ften cmes n TV. Yang Yang had t say ____3___(再见)t his parents t wrk fr mney when he left schl. He went t Qinghai in 2009 and fund a jb there. One day an earthquake ____4____(发生). Many building fell dwn and many peple were under the buildings. Yang Yang was passing a huse when he ___5___(听见)sme peple t ask fr help. He began t save peple withut thinking anything. The peple were saved and he left withut ____6___(给)his name t the peple. Later, peple fund him and thanked him very much.
    参考答案
    一. 1. 动词give的过去式;2. 动词give的过去分词;3. 再见;4. 动词get的过去式;5. 发生;6. 动词hear的过去式;7. 英雄;8. 假日;假期;节日;9. 家乡;10. 家务;家务事;11. 巨大的;庞大的;12.人;人类; 13. 丈夫
    二. 1. happened; 2. heard; 3. heres; 4. hlidays; 5. huger. 6. gtten; 7. gave; given
    三. 1. gave ; 2. gets; gt; 3. happened; 4. heard; 5. her; 6. hliday
    四. 1. her; 2. hmetwn; 3. gdbye; 4. happened; 5. heard; 6. giving

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