英语-2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷C（全国乙卷）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022-2023学年高三下学期开学摸底考试卷C（全国乙卷）

（测试时间：120分钟 卷面总分：150分）

注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。
2. 全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答
读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man’s favorite meat?
A. Chicken.        B. Mutton.        C. Beef.
2. How does the man sound?
A. Surprised.        B. Excited.        C. Worried.
3. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. The weather.        B. A trip.        C. A beach.
4. What does the woman prefer to do?
A. Surf the Internet.
B. Work on her paper.
C. Chat with some neighbors.
5. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a hotel.        B. In a company.        C. At the airport.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does Jack have to do at 10:00 a.m.?
A. Attend a lecture.        B. Catch a bus.        C. Repair his bike.
7. How does Ben usually go to school?
A. By bus.        B. By bike.        C. By car.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Which part of Janice’s face is like Taylor Swift’s?
A. Her eyes.        B. Her nose.        C. Her mouth.
9. How tall is the woman?
A. About 160 cm.        B. About 165 cm.        C. About 170 cm.
10. What will the man do next probably?
A. Send an email.        B. Go to the beach.        C. See a photo.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What will the woman’s father do tomorrow?
A. Return home. B. Go shopping. C. Go on a business trip.
12. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Make a list. B. Hold a party. C. Cook a meal.
13. What will the woman ask her mother to do?
A. Make some snacks. B. Prepare a salad. C. Cook the fish.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When will the woman be away on business?
A. This Friday.        B. Next Monday. C. Next Friday.
15. What is the meeting about?
A. Welcoming a new manager.
B. Improving the service.
C. Developing a new product.
16. What time will the meeting start?
A. At 1:00 p.m.        B. At 2:00 p.m.        C. At 3:00 p.m.
17. Who will chair the meeting?
A. Wendy.        B. Peter.        C. Mike.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What does the speaker’s father do?
A. A soldier.        B. A doctor.        C. A firefighter.
19. What is the relationship between Simon and Sally?
A. Husband and wife. B. Brother and sister. C. Uncle and niece.
20. Where does Aunt Alice live now?
A. In Australia.        B. In Germany.        C. In India.
答案： 1—5   CBBAC  6—10   ABCAC 11—15   ACAAB   16—20 BCCBA
备注：听力文字稿附在文档末尾

第二部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
A
Shakespeare’s Globe Exhibition & Tour is a unique international resource to explore Shakespeare’s work. Open all year round, it gives you an opportunity to learn more about the most famous playwright (剧作家), Shakespeare, and helps you seek to further the experience and international understanding of him.
·Group Visits to the Exhibition & Tour Opening Hours
Theatre Tours:
Monday to Sunday 9:30 am – 5:00 pm
Exhibition:
Monday to Sunday 9:00 am – 5:00 pm
Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own tour guide. To make a reservation, please fill in a Group Request Form and return it to us via email.
·Exhibition and Tour Prices
Exhibition & Globe Theatre Tour
Adult: £15.00
Senior (60+): £13.50
Student (with valid ID):  £11.50
Children (5-15): £8.00
Complimentary: Every 16th person free
·Getting Here
Shakespeare’s Globe 21 New Globe Walk, London SE1 9DT, UK
We currently have enhanced (加强) security, with all bags being checked. Please arrive in good time, do not bring any large bags and check the Calendar before your visit or call +44 (0)20 7902 1500 to find out about our latest opening times. 
By car and taxi
Where possible, visitors are advised to arrive by public transport or by taxi.
There is a car park on Thames Exchange on the north side of Southwark Bridge (open 24 hours, seven days a week).
Black cabs may be found all year round on Southwark Bridge. It may also be possible to pick one up from outside the main foyer (大厅) on New Globe Walk.
·Where to eat
Swan at Shakespeare’s Globe serves modern British seasonal food for dinner, afternoon tea or drinks in our beautiful bar and restaurant on the second floor. Available for pre and post-theatre dining.
Swan Restaurant
Monday – Friday:12 noon – 2:30 pm & 6:00 pm – 10:30 pm
Saturday: 12 noon – 3:30 pm & 6:00 pm – 10:30 pm.
Sunday:12 noon – 9:00 pm
21. When can you pay a visit to the exhibition?
A. 8:00 am on Monday. B. 2:00 pm on Friday.
C. 5:30 pm on Sautarday. D. 7:00 pm on Sunday.
22. If a group of 20 children visit the Exhibition & Tour, _________.
A. they will get a tour guide of their own
B. it will cost them £160 for tickets in total
C. they must be accompanied by an adult
D. they need to call for a reservation in advance
23. What can we know about Swan Restaurant?
A. It has a beautiful two-storey bar.
B. It serves three meals, drinks and afternoon tea.
C. It is closed from 3 pm to 5 pm on workdays.
D. Afternoon tea is not served on Sunday.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了莎士比亚环球展览会和戏剧之旅的一些信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Theatre Tours下的Monday to Sunday 9:30 am – 5:00 pm可知展览会的时间是星期一至星期日上午九时至下午五时，所以星期五下午2：00pm on Friday可以参观展览会。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Exhibition部分中“Groups of 15 people or more are required to pre-book their visit, and each group will have its own tour guide. (15人或以上的团队需要提前预订，每个团队都有自己的导游。)”可知，15人或15人以上的团队需要提前预定，每个团队会有自己的导游。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三行Monday – Friday:12 noon – 2:30 pm & 6:00 pm – 10:30 pm可知Swan Restaurant的开放时间为周一到周五的中午十二点到下午两点半以及下午六点到十点半，即工作日下午3点到5点关门。故选C项。


B
I go out of my way to say “thank you” to my partner frequently, and he’s the same way.We were both raised by parents who valued politeness, and more than that, I want to do all those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together. Expressing gratitude is one of those things, so a quick “thanks” seems like an easy one.
But according to a recent study, we’re not at all typical. The study looked at over l,000 recordings of casual conversations among families and close friends.In only about one out of 20 times were expressions of thanks observed. Phrases that meant “thanks” but weren’t a direct translation of the word were counted, including physical gestures of thanks.
The researchers looked at a wide variety of people from different places, representing eight languages: Polish, Russian, Italy, English, Murrinh-patha (an Aboriginal language), Cha’palaa, Lao and Siwu.
The Brits thanked people close to them the most, about 14.5 percent of the time, and close behind them were the Italians at 13.5 percent. The Murrinh-patha came next at 4.5 percent and following them were the Russians, the Polish, the Laotians and the Siwu speakers.The lowest? Well, the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for “thank you” at all.
As the linguists explained, “Expressing thanks, in some cultures, is more of a linguistic tradition than a true expression of feelings.In cultures where thanks are less often said, it’s because social cooperation is taken for granted, and ‘thank you’ isn’t really needed or necessary.”
The idea that you don’t need to thank others because it’s assumed that you’re appreciative is beautiful. But it is a bit hard for me to accept. So I’ll keep saying “thanks” as frequently as I do. But as a frequent traveler, I’ll keep in mind to watch the local custom and follow suit.
24. What might be psychologists’ opinion about expressing thank?
A. It can show a person’s values.
B. It is passed down from parents.
C. It is a little and unnecessary thing.
D. It can contribute to close relationship.
25. What is typical among family members according to the study?
A. They say thanks at any time.
B. They seldom express thanks.
C. They often show thanks using gestures.
D. They often use indirect translation of thanks.
26. Who never say “thank you”?
A. The Cha’palaa. B. The Polish.
C. The Italians. D. The Russians.
27. What is mainly talked about in the text?
A. People thank close friends and family less.
B. Family members don’t need to thank each other.
C. Close friends have different ways to express thanks.
D. Different cultures have different ways to express thanks.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，调查发现人们很少对家人和亲密的朋友表达感谢，而作者认为人们应该经常表达谢意。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I want to do all those little things that psychologists say help couples stay together. Expressing gratitude is one of those things.(我想做那些心理学家说的能帮助夫妻在一起的小事情。表达感激就是其中之一)”可知，表达感谢是心理学家认为能够保持夫妻亲密关系的小事之一。故选D。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But according to a recent study, we’re not at all typical. The study looked at over l,000 recordings of casual conversations among families and close friends. In only about one out of 20 times were expressions of thanks observed.(但根据最近的一项研究，我们根本不是典型的代表。这项研究查看了超过1000份家庭和亲密朋友之间的闲聊录音。20次中只有1次表达了感谢)”可知，调查发现在1000份家庭和朋友间的谈话录音之中只有二十分之一的人表达了感谢，也就是家庭成员之间很少表达感谢。故选B项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The lowest? Well, the Cha’palaa speakers of Ecuador don’t have a word for “thank you” at all.(他最低吗？厄瓜多尔说查帕拉语的人根本没有表达“谢谢”的词)”可知，厄瓜多尔的查帕拉族的语言中根本就没有谢谢这个词。由此可知，他们从来都不说谢谢。故选A。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Expressing gratitude (感谢) is one of those things, so a quick “thanks” seems like an easy one.(表达感激之情就是其中之一，所以一个快速的“谢谢”似乎是很容易的)”和下文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，调查发现人们很少对家人和亲密的朋友表达感谢。故选A。


C
Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting animal species and their habitats. It is achieved partially through legislation. For example, the Endangered Species Act, the establishment and protection of public lands, and responsible public practices that conserve wild animal populations.
The Endangered Species Act (ESA)of 1973 is our nation’s strongest law protecting wild plants and animals. It is enforced by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Under the act, a species can be designated as “threatened” or “endangered”. Threatened and endangered species are protected under the provisions of the ESA, which restricts human activities that may harm these species and their habitats. Due in part to protections under the ESA, many species have been brought back from the edge of extinction.
In order to survive, a species requires enough food, water, shelter, space, and opportunities to reproduce. In the United States, as elsewhere in the world—habitat destruction is a primary threat to the continued survival of species. Without the existence of suitable habitat, a species will eventually face extinction. Public lands include parks managed by The National Park Service and national wildlife refuges operated by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These lands are set aside to be protected for animal and plant species, as well as future generations.
The introduction of invasive species from far away continents introduced by humans can bring havoc to native plant and animal species. The proliferation(激增)of chemicals in the environment including pesticides, PCBs, and oil spills, has the potential to poison wild animals and reduce their reproductive capacities. Wild animal populations can also be threatened by over hunting, wildlife trafficking(非法交易)，and military weapons testing.
28. What can we know from paragraph 2?
A. ESA’s duty is to classify the species of wildlife.
B. ESA has made great achievements in protection.
C. Humans’ actions made no threat to wildlife before.
D. Threatened and endangered species increase greatly.
29. Which of the following is vital in protecting wildlife from extinction?
A. Enough space. B. Proper temperature.
C. Proper living conditions. D. Vast wetlands.
30. What does the underlined word “havoc” in last paragraph mean?
A. Harm. B. Advantage.
C. Nutrition. D. Inspiration.
31. What is the suitable title for the text?
A. The Main Reasons Why Wildlife Is Dying out
B. Efforts Made by Humans to Protect Wildlife
C. Wildlife Conservation’s Effects and Challenges
D. Efficient Ways to Keep Wildlife from Extinction
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。全文讲述了The Endangered Species Act为保护野生动植物所做出的努力，以及取得的成效，同时文章也讲述了野生动植物所面临的外来物种入侵，过度捕杀等问题。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。从第二段“Due in part by protections under the ESA, many species have been brought back from the edge of extinction. (在一定程度上，由于《濒危物种法》的保护，许多物种从灭绝的边缘被拯救了回来。)”可知，在ESA的努力下，很多物种从被灭绝的边缘拯救回来，因此ESA在动植物保护方面取得了成就。故选B项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。从第三段“Without the existence of suitable habitat, a species will eventually face extinction.(如果没有合适的栖息地，一个物种最终将面临灭绝。)” 可知，生存环境对物种的延续至关重要。故选C项。
【30题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“The introduction of invasive species from far away continents introduced by humans can bring havoc to native plant and animal species.(人类从遥远的大陆引入入侵物种，会给当地的植物和动物物种带来havoc。)”可知，这里是说引入入侵物种会给动植物带来灾害。故选A项。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。文章前半部分讲述了The Endangered Species Act在野生动植物保护方面所取得的效果，文章最后一段讲述野生动植物所面临的威胁，因此C项最能概括全文。故选C项。


D
Many of us listen to music while we work, thinking that it will help us to concentrate on the task at hand. And in fact, recent research has found that music can have beneficial effects on creativity. When it comes to other areas of performance, however, the impact of background music is more complicated.
The idea that listening to music when working is beneficial to output probably has its roots in the so-called “Mozart effect”. Put simply, this is the finding that spatial rotation performance(空间旋转能力) is increased immediately after listening to the music of Mozart, compared to no sound at all.
How sound affects performance has been the topic of research for over 40 years, and is observed through a phenomenon called the irrelevant sound effect. To study irrelevant sound effect, participants in the research are asked to complete a simple task which requires them to recall a series of numbers or letters in the exact order in which they saw them. The tricky thing is being able to do this while ignoring any background noise.
Two key characteristics of the irrelevant sound effect are required for its observation. First, the task must require the person to use their rehearsal abilities(复述能力), and second, the sound must contain acoustical variation(声学变化). According to the research, where the sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions. It shows that the effort in ignoring varying irrelevant sound actually holds back this rehearsal ability.
A similar conflict is also seen when reading while in the presence of lyrical music. In this situation, the two sources of words—from the task and the sound—are in conflict. The cost is poorer performance of the task in the presence of music with lyrics.
What this all means is that whether having music playing in the background helps performance depends on the task and on the type of music, and only understanding this relationship will help people maximize their productivity levels.
32. “Mozart effect” is mentioned to ________.
A. explain how music can relax people
B. show music can improve performance
C. advise people to listen to Mozart music
D. stress Mozart music gains wide attention
33. It can be inferred that participants in the research ________.
A. have improved their rehearsal ability
B. perform better with little sound variation
C. ignore the background noise successfully
D. prefer the music with great sound variation
34. Paragraph 5 is written to ________.
A. support an idea B. make a contrast
C. introduce a topic D. describe a fact
35. What is the author’s attitude to background music?
A. positive B. negative C. indifferent D. objective
【答案】32. B 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。向人们介绍背景音乐对于任务表现的影响是复杂的。在声音变化不大的情况下，任务表现接近于安静时候的表现，然而边读书边听有歌词的音乐会影响任务表现。所以不能判定背景音乐是否有助于任务表现，要看二者之间的关系。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Put simply, this is the finding that spatial rotation performance(空间旋转能力) is increased immediately after listening to the music of Mozart, compared to no sound at all.”(简单来说，和没有声音相比，听了莫扎特的音乐之后空间旋转能力立即得到提升，这就是这个发现。)可知该句是对“Mozart effect”的解释，所以提到莫扎特效应是为了表明音乐可以提高表现。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“According to the research, where the sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions.”(根据这项研究可知，声音在声学上变化不大的情况下，任务的表现越接近安静条件下观察到的。)可知，声音变化不大时，参与者的表现更好。故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段“A similar conflict is also seen when reading while in the presence of lyrical music. In this situation, the two sources of words—from the task and the sound—are in conflict. The cost is poorer performance of the task in the presence of music with lyrics.”(类似的冲突也出现在有抒情音乐的阅读中。在这种情况下，单词的两个来源——来自任务和声音——是冲突的。代价是在有歌词的音乐的情况下任务的性能较差。)可知，这一段的内容是为了说明听有歌词的音乐时任务表现更差这个观点。故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“What this all means is that whether having music playing in the background helps performance depends on the task and on the type of music, and only understanding this relationship will help people maximize their productivity levels.”(这意味着背景音乐是否有助于表现取决于任务和音乐的类型，只有理解他们的关系才会帮助人们最大化生产力水平。)可知，作者没有直接表明背景音乐会有助于表现还是不有助于表现，而是要让人们充分理解任务和背景音乐之间的关系来判断，所以是客观的态度。A. positive支持的；B. negative否定的；C. indifferent冷漠的；D. objective客观的。故选D。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nowadays, people are often very busy, working hard almost day and night. For a better life, many people think it’s worth it. ____36____ Undoubtedly, people need spare time to be free and do fun things, like winter camping. Most people are talking especially about snow camping when they mention winter camping.
____37____ In areas with snow, campers can go skiing, climbing, or ice skating. And some people enjoy creating fun things from snow, or just horsing around in the snow. And a camping trip often requires hiking, although campers generally travel less far than they do in the summer.
There are many well-known places suitable for camping. Throughout the year, these places usually attract more campers in the summer. So, it can be more crowded in this season. Campers who don’t like a crowded place can instead choose to go camping there in the winter. ____38____
But colder weather means more preparation. Winter campers should be sure that they have clothes which can keep them warm. ____39____ Besides, campers need to bring good tents and enough food. Other camping tools like cookstoves are also necessary.
While winter camping can be quite fun, the colder weather can make a camping trip more dangerous. ____40____ Winter campers should always check on weather reports before they leave. A small weather radio is an excellent tool to bring along. And it’s wise to take a guided winter camping trip for their first camping experience.
A. Being busy brings success.
B. It can give them more peace.
C. And choose to go with many friends.
D. Winter campers also need sleeping bags.
E. But not enough relaxation may be bad for health.
F. So it’s important to fully prepare for winter camping.
G. Like summer camping, winter camping offers many activities.
【答案】36. E 37. G 38. B 39. D 40. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季露营的一些活动以及需要准备的东西。
【36题详解】
根据前文“Nowadays, people are often very busy, working hard almost day and night. For a better life, many people think it’s worth it.(现在，人们经常很忙，几乎没日没夜地努力工作。为了更好的生活，很多人觉得值得。)”以及下文的“Undoubtedly, people need spare time to be free and do fun things, like winter camping.(毫无疑问，人们需要空闲时间来做一些有趣的事情，比如冬季露营。)”可知，前文将人们经常没日没夜的工作，而后文则说人们需要空闲时间来放松，因此可知，空处与前文是转折关系，引出下文内容，故E项“But not enough relaxation may be bad for health.(但是没有足够的放松可能对健康有害。)”符合语意。故选E项。
【37题详解】
根据后文“In areas with snow, campers can go skiing, climbing, or ice skating.(在有雪的地区，露营者可以去滑雪、爬山或滑冰。)”可知，此处讲述的是冬季露营可以进行的活动，因此空处作为开头句，要引出空处后的内容，故G项“Like summer camping, winter camping offers many activities.(像夏季露营一样，冬季露营提供许多活动.)”引出下文的冬季露营的各种活动，符合语意。故选G项。
【38题详解】
根据前文“So, it can be more crowded in this season. Campers who don’t like a crowded place can instead choose to go camping there in the winter.(所以，在这个季节会更拥挤。不喜欢拥挤的地方的露营者可以选择在冬天去那里露营。)”可知，夏季露营人多，会很拥挤，因此冬季露营是好选择，没那么拥挤，故B项“It can give them more peace.(这能给他们更多的安宁。)”是对上文内容的总结。故选B项。
【39题详解】
根据前文“Winter campers should be sure that they have clothes which can keep them warm.(冬令营员应该确保他们有保暖的衣服。)”可知，此处讲的是去冬季露营要做好准备，首先就是保暖工作做好，因此D项“Winter campers also need sleeping bags.(冬季露营者也需要睡袋。)”是对前文内容的延伸，符合语意。故选D项。
【40题详解】
根据前文“While winter camping can be quite fun, the colder weather can make a camping trip more dangerous.(虽然冬季露营很有趣，但是寒冷的天气会让露营变得更加危险。)”可知，此处讲述冬季露营也具有危险性，因此需要做好充分准备，故F项“So it’s important to fully prepare for winter camping.(所以充分准备冬季露营很重要。)”与前文是因果关系，符合语意。故选F项。


笫三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Twelve years ago I decided to change my job from an English as a Second Language teacher to simply working at a department store childcare room, basically for better hours and benefits. My ___41___ were preschoolers. To my ___42___ , many of these 2-4 year old children ___43___ no English at all because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby. How ___44___ I found myself teaching English to preschoolers! Two experiences were unforgettably ___45___ for me—they came from a couple of little girls.
One child was about 3 years-old when she ___46___ in the playroom. She was ___47___ , having recently come from Mexico and ___48___ only Spanish. However, I knew some Spanish, so we ___49___ time playing together while she ___50___ to English-speaking children around her. Eventually she ___51___ a local preschool and became ___52___ in English. One day she came to the playroom and ___53___ said to me, “Teacher, remember when I called you ‘maestra’ ? ” Her bright eyes were filled with ___54___ !
The other child was also 3 years-old when she came to the ___55___ that was filled with blocks, crayons and paper, tea sets, etc. She had no ___56___ in the town because her family had just moved from another ___57___ . She went to preschool later on, also, and showed her great ___58___ in speaking English! Then one day…after a long time away… she came into the playroom and said to me, “Let’s play blocks!” All our play was ___59___ with pleasure and learning and we played together cheerfully. From these children I learned to let extreme discomfort and the massive need for ___60___ become a springboard for joy and growth.
41. A. bosses B. charges C. aims D. workmates
42. A. satisfaction B. regret C. excitement D. surprise
43. A. encountered B. liked C. improved D. lacked
44. A. delightful B. encouraging C. incredible D. lucky
45. A. annoying B. worrying C. disappointing D. moving
46. A. turned up B. left off C. played by D. looked around
47. A. active B. brave C. nervous D. clever
48. A. missing B. speaking C. wanting D. ignoring
49. A. enjoyed B. wasted C. desired D. valued
50. A. walked B. waved C. signed D. listened
51. A. called on B. lived by C. participated in D. set up
52. A. broken B. fluent C. trapped D. poor
53. A. sweetly B. nervously C. hurriedly D. slowly
54. A. sadness B. hatred C. confidence D. complaint
55. A. shop B. playroom C. yard D. centre
56. A. relatives B. teachers C. neighbours D. friends
57 A. state B. school C. classroom D. street
58. A. discomfort B. conveniences C. gifts D. shortage
59. A. changed B. connected C. misunderstood D. removed
60. A. pleasure B. concern C. notice D. learning
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. C 59. B 60. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文，主要讲述了作者对两名对英语一无所知的学龄前儿童进行培养的故事。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要照管的孩子都是学龄前儿童。A. bosses老板；B. charges需要照管的人；C. aims目标；D. workmates同事。根据空前的“working at a department store childcare room”和下文“I found myself teaching English to preschoolers”可知，作者需要照管的孩子都是学龄前儿童。charge在这里的意思是“需要照看的人”。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些2-4岁的孩子中有许多根本不会说英语，因为店里的顾客都是总部在附近的一家国际公司雇员的家属。A. satisfaction满意；B. regret后悔；C. excitement激动；D. surprise惊讶。根据下文“many of these 2-4 year old children ___3___ no English at all because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby”可知，那些孩子根本不会英语，这让作者惊讶。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些2-4岁的孩子中有许多根本不会说英语，因为店里的顾客都是总部在附近的一家国际公司雇员的家属。A. encountered接触；B. liked喜欢；C. improved提高；D. lacked缺乏。根据下文“because shoppers at the store were families of employees at an international company with headquarters nearby”可知，那些孩子没有接触过英语。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己在教学龄前儿童英语，多么难以置信！A. delightful令人愉快的；B. encouraging鼓舞人心的；C. incredible难以置信的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“To my ___2___ , many of these 2-4 year old children ___3___ no English at all”可知，作者发现自己在教学龄前儿童英语是令人难以置信的。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有两件事让我感动，它们来自两个小女孩。A. annoying令人生气的；B. worrying令人担忧的；C. disappointing令人失望的；D. moving令人感动的。根据上文“Two experiences were unforgettably”可知，有两件事让作者感动。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：其中一个孩子出现在游戏室时大约3岁。A. turned up出现；B. left off停止；C. played by遵守；D. looked around环顾四周。根据下文“in the playroom”可知，其中一个孩子出现在游戏室时大约3岁。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很紧张，因为刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语。A. active活跃的；B. brave勇敢的；C. nervous紧张的；D. clever聪明的。根据下文“having recently come from Mexico and ___8___ only Spanish”可知，她刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语，不会说英语，所以她很紧张。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很紧张，因为刚从墨西哥来，只会说西班牙语。A. missing错过；B. speaking说；C. wanting想要；D. ignoring忽视。根据下文“only Spanish”可知，她只会说西班牙语。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我懂一些西班牙语，所以我们很享受一起玩耍的时光，而她则听周围说英语的孩子们说话。A. enjoyed享受；B. wasted浪费；C. desired想要；D. valued重视。根据上文“I knew some Spanish”可知，作者懂一些西班牙语，所以可以和那个孩子玩儿得很开心，空格处意为“享受”。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我懂一些西班牙语，所以我们很享受一起玩耍的时光，而她则听周围说英语的孩子们说话。A. walked散步；B. waved挥动；C. signed签名；D. listened听。根据下文“English-speaking children around her”可知，她听周围说英语的孩子们说话。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，她进入了当地的幼儿园，英语说得很流利。A. called on呼吁；B. lived by以……为生；C. participated in加入；D. set up建立。根据下文“a local preschool”可知，她进入了当地的幼儿园。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，她参加了当地的幼儿园，英语说得很流利。A. broken破碎的；B. fluent流利的；C. trapped被困的；D. poor穷的。根据下文“Teacher, remember when I called you ‘maestra’”可知，她说英语变得流利了。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她来到游戏室，甜美地对我说：“老师，还记得我叫你‘maestra’吗?”A. sweetly甜美地；B. nervously紧张地；C. hurriedly匆忙地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据下文“Teacher, remember when I called you ‘maestra’”可知，孩子是甜美地对作者说话。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她明亮的眼睛里充满了自信！A. sadness悲伤；B. hatred仇恨；C. confidence自信；D. complaint抱怨。根据上文“became ___12___ in English”可知，她说英语流利了，所以是很有自信。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个孩子来到游戏室时也是3岁，游戏室里堆满了积木、蜡笔、纸、茶具等。A. shop商店；B. playroom游戏室；C. yard院子；D. centre中心。根据下文“that was filled with blocks, crayons and paper, tea sets, etc”可知，这里是说游戏室。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在镇上没有朋友，因为她家刚从另一个州搬来。A. relatives亲戚；B. teachers老师；C. neighbours邻居；D. friends朋友。根据下文“because her family had just moved from another ___17__”可知，她家才搬来，所以她在镇上没有朋友。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在镇上没有朋友，因为她家刚从另一个州搬来。A. state州；B. school学校；C. classroom教室；D. street大街。与空前的“in the town”形成对比，她家刚从另一个州搬来，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她后来也上了学前班，在说英语方面显示出了她的天赋！A. discomfort使人不舒服的事；B. conveniences便利设施；C. gifts天赋；D. shortage短缺。根据下文“Let’s play blocks”可知，她后来会说英语了，因此是在说英语方面显示出了她的天赋。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们所有的游戏都与快乐和学习有关，我们一起愉快地玩耍。A. changed改变；B. connected连接；C. misunderstood误解；D. removed去除。根据下文“with pleasure and learning”可知，我们所有的游戏都与快乐和学习有关。be connected with“与……有关”。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从这些孩子身上，我学会了让极度的不适和对学习的巨大需求成为快乐和成长的跳板。A. pleasure快乐；B. concern担忧；C. notice通知；D. learning学习。根据上文“All our play was _____ with pleasure and learning”可知，作者学会了让极度的不适和对学习的巨大需求成为快乐和成长的跳板。故选D。


第二节（共10小题：每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. The key to ___61___ (keep) the peace is regular and honest ___62____ (communicate). When you disagree with your parents, take a minute ____63____ (calm) down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar ____64____ do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought ___65___ through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen ___66___ (care), and address their concerns. ___67___ this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and ___68___ you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this ___69___ (storm) period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for ___70___ (adult).
【答案】61. keeping 62. communication 63. to calm 64. and 65. it 66. carefully 67. Through 68. that 69. stormy 70. adulthood
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。青少年怎样与父母相处？文章给出了解决与父母之间的矛盾等的一些建议。
61. keeping 考查固定搭配。句意: 保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。固定搭配the key to doing sth. 意为“做…的关键”, to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语, keep的动名形式keeping。故填keeping。
62. communication 考查名词。句意：保持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。空格前是形容词honest, 修饰后面的名词作定语, communicate的名词形式是communication。故填communication。
63. to calm 考查考查非谓语动词。句意：当你不同意你父母的意见时，花一分钟冷静下来,试着从他们的角度来理解情况。短语take time to do sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，动词不定式作time的后置定语，故填to calm。
64. and 考查连词。句意：也许他们也经历过类似的事情，不想让你经历同样的痛苦。分析句子结构可知, 这是一个并列谓语的简单句, 前后谓语动词同用一个主语且表示并列关系,故填and。
65. it 考查代词。句意：在你想清楚之后，平静地解释你的行为和感受，仔细倾听，并解决他们的顾虑。think sth. through意为“仔细思考某事”，代词it指代当自己与父母有不同意见时，试着站在他们的角度来理解，即指上文提到的内容，所以是指代句子。故填it。
66. carefully 考查副词。句意：在你想清楚之后, 平静地解释你的行为和感受，仔细倾听,并解决他们的顾虑。副词carefully意为“仔细地”, 修饰动词listen作状语。故填carefully。
67. Through 考查介词。句意：通过这种健康的讨论, 你会学到什么时候该退缩，什么时候让你的父母放松控制。介词through意为“通过……”, 名词discussion作宾语。置句首单词首字母大写, 故填Through。
68. that 考查宾语从句。句意：只需记住，与亲子关系紧张所造成的压力作斗争是完全正常的, 你和你的父母可以一起努力改善你们的关系。分析句子结构可知, 谓语动词remember后跟两个并列宾语从句, and后的是remember的第二个并列宾语从句, 且从句中不缺少成分, 句意完整, 因此该从句用连接词that引导。故填that。
69. stormy 考查形容词。句意：好消息是，这场风暴不会持续。该空后为名词, 此处应填形容词修饰后面的period, storm的形容词形式是stormy。故填stormy。
70. adulthood 考查名词。句意：最后一切都会好起来的，青少年时代的变化和挑战会让你为成年做好准备。介词 for后应填名词, adult本就是名词, 但是根据句意, 应该是讲为成年人阶段（adulthood）做准备, 故填adulthood。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Editor,
I am high school student. Here I would like to express my sincerely gratitude through your newspaper to all the medical workers for your devotion and sacrifice in this battle against the Covid-19 virus. It is they who, despite of the lack of equipment and the potential of infection, desperately rescue those infecting and striving for life. It is also they who have shed new light on the virus to build up our confidence to defeat it. It is they who deserves all the admiration and love! I can ever express our thankfulness too much for their selfless contributions. As the virus is very hard to clear, I’m convinced that China will win the battle and make a quick recover. Finally I hoped all of them will stay healthy and happy.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】1 am后加a
2. sincerely→sincere
3. your→their
4. 删掉of
5. infecting→infected
6. deserves→deserve
7. ever→never
8. As→Although/Though/While
9. recover→recovery
10. hoped→hope
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。作者在信中表达了对医务工作者的感谢与美好祝愿。
【详解】1. 考查冠词。句意：我是一名高中生。student“学生”为可数名词，根据主语“I”可知，此处指“一名高中生”，应用不定冠词，置于定语high school之前，high以辅音音素开头，应用a。故在am后加a。
2. 考查形容词。句意：在这里，我想通过贵报向所有医务工作者表示衷心的感谢，感谢他们在这场对抗新冠肺炎疫情斗争中的奉献和牺牲。gratitude“感激之情，感谢”为名词，应用形容词修饰。故将sincerely改为sincere。
3. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在这里，我想通过贵报向所有医务工作者表示衷心的感谢，感谢他们在这场对抗新冠肺炎疫情斗争中的奉献和牺牲。根据句意可知，作者要感谢的是医务工作者，因为他们的奉献和牺牲，所以应用形容词性物主代词their。故将your改为their。
4. 考查介词。句意：正是他们，尽管缺乏设备，也有可能受到感染，却拼命抢救那些被感染的人，争取生命。句中“the lack of equipment and the potential of infection”作despite的宾语，despite为介词，意为“尽管”，后直接跟宾语。故删掉of。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：正是他们，尽管缺乏设备，也有可能受到感染，却拼命抢救那些被感染的人，争取生命。句中those与infect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故将infecting改为infected。
6. 考查强调句型和主谓一致。句意：正是他们值得所有的赞美和爱！句子分析可知，此句为强调句，句子主语为they，谓语动词是deserve，此句为一般现在时，所以句中谓语动词用deserve。故将deserves改为deserve。
7. 考查副词。句意：对于他们的无私奉献，我再怎么感谢也不为过。固定搭配can never...too... /cannot (或can not) ...too...意为“怎么……也不过分”。故将ever改为never。
8. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然疫情很难清除，但我相信中国一定能战胜疫情并很快恢复。句意分析可知此句为含有让步状语从句的主从复合句，as引导让步状语从句不能置于句首，应用although、though或者while引导。故将As改为Although/Though/While。
9. 考查名词。句意：虽然疫情很难清除，但我相信中国一定能战胜疫情并很快恢复。句中quick为形容词，作定语，修饰名词，动词recover的名词为recovery，前有冠词a，recovery用单数形式。故将recover改为recovery。
10. 考查等差时态。句意：最后，我希望他们都能保持健康和快乐。根据从句谓语动词“will win”以及上文“ I’m convinced that China will win the battle and make a quick recover.”可知，此句应用一般现在时，陈述现在的事实。故将hoped改为hope。


第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假如你叫李华，进入高三的学习，压力很大，想和父母说说心里话，请你用英文在你的博客上用书信形式表达出来。主要内容如下：
知心话
感恩——感谢父母的关心、鼓励
对父母的期望——(1)多加交流 (2)适时提供帮助
学习打算
考生自拟(至少写两点)

注意：(1)短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥。
(2)词数：100左右(开头与结尾已给出，不计入词数)。
Dear Mom and Dad,
With the College Entrance Examination approaching, I really hope to have a heart-to-heart talk with you!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mom and Dad, I am quite confident about my future. Wish you good health and a happy life.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mom and Dad,
With the College Entrance Examination approaching, I really hope to have a heart-to-heart talk with you!
During the years, I always feel grateful for your unselfish care and love. Thanks to your constant encouragement, I have been making remarkable progress in my studies.
Since it will be less than one month before the exam, Iˈm under great pressure now. I would appreciate it if you can have a frequent talk with me and provide me with timely help, which contributes to my staying in a good state.
I am fully aware of the responsibilities I am shouldering. I have made up my mind to make every effort to study, for I believe hard work is the key to success. Just as the saying goes, "no pains, no gains. " Meanwhile, I will spare some time to participate in sports activities, aiming to build up my body and free myself from the heavy work of studies.
Mom and Dad, I am quite confident about my future. Wish you good health and a happy life.
Yours sincerely,
​Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假如你叫李华，进入高三的学习，压力很大，想和父母说说心里话，请你用英文在你的博客上用书信形式表达出来。主要内容如下：
知心话
感恩——感谢父母的关心、鼓励
对父母的期望——(1)多加交流 (2)适时提供帮助
学习打算
考生自拟(至少写两点)

第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：grateful（感激的）；unselfish（无私的）；constant encouragement（不断的鼓励）；make progress in（取得进步）；be under great pressure（承受巨大压力）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

听力原文：
Text 1 
W:Look at your shopping basket. Chicken, mutton, beef—all meat.
M:Yes, I like beef best, while my dad is fond of mutton and my mother only enjoys chicken.
Text 2 
M:Guess what! I will begin my new job next month!
W:That’s wonderful news! Congratulations on your success!
M:Thank you for always supporting me.
Text 3 
W:What did you think of your visit to Spain?
M:I loved it! That country has won my heart.
W:What did you like best there?
M:The sunshine and the beach. I really look forward to going back there again soon.
Text 4 
M:I just finished my paper. Would you like to go to the park with me?
W:Why?
M:Just to chat with some neighbors.
W:No, I think I’d rather just stay here and surf online.
Text 5 
W:How was your flight?
M:Wonderful! I slept on the plane, as well as in a very comfortable hotel room.
W:No wonder you look so rested.
M:Well, let’s leave the airport and head for the company right now.
Text 6 
W:Hi, Ben! I just saw Jack at the bus station. Why is he waiting for a bus?
M:He has to go to a lecture at 10:00 this morning.
W:I know that. But why did he have to wait for a bus? You always go to school by bicycle together, don’t you?
M:That’s right. But his bicycle broke down, and he had it repaired this morning.
Text 7 
W:Oh, I’ve got an email from my new friend Janice. I met her when I was taking a trip to the seaside last week. We found we had a lot in common and quickly became friends.
M:What does she look like?
W:She’s really pretty. She has blonde hair, blue eyes and a nose like Julia Roberts’, though her mouth is smaller, more like Taylor Swift’s.
M:How tall is she?
W:She’s five centimeters taller than me, so about 165 centimeters tall.Here’s a photo of the two of us together on the beach. Look…
Text 8 
M:Good morning, Linda! You’re always so busy. What are you doing?
W:Good morning, David! I’m making a list of food that I’m going to prepare for my dad’s welcome-home party. He’s coming back tomorrow. He was away for a month because of his job.
M:I see. Why don’t you cook his favorite food? I think he would be happy to get some home-made dishes.
W:That’s a good idea! Let’s see. He likes chicken, buttered vegetables, fish, and fruit salad. I know how to cook all of those things. And I can ask my mom to make some snacks! She is good at it.
M:Sounds delicious to me.
Text 9
W:Hello! This is Mary. May I speak to Peter?
M:This is Peter speaking.
W:Hi Peter! It’s Mary. Thank you for the message about the meeting. But I’m sorry I won’t be there this Friday because I will be away on business then and won’t be back until next Monday. Can somebody else go to the meeting instead?
M:Yes, I think your assistant Wendy can attend the meeting for you.
W:OK. But what’s the meeting about? I’ve got no ideas. Is it about the new department manager? Or another new product?
M:Eh, not exactly. It’s about how to improve our service.
W:When and where will the meeting be held?
M:The meeting will be in Room 603 at two o’clock this Friday afternoon. It will last for about one hour.
W:Who will chair the meeting?
M:Mike, the sales manager of our company.
W:Thank you very much. I’ll let my assistant know.
Text 10
W:My grandfather was called Charles, and my grandmother was called Ann. They lived in Manchester. They had three children, named David, John and Alice. They are, of course, my father, my uncle and my aunt. My father is called David, and he is the eldest of the three. My mother is called Mary and she is a doctor. My father works as a firefighter. My father’s brother, my uncle, as I said, is called John. He’s married to Heidi. They have two children. The elder is called Simon, and the younger is called Sally.My uncle John is in the army, serving in Germany. Simon is married to a girl called Diana. They have two children, Richard and Fiona. My aunt, Alice, married a man called Henry Jones. They moved to Australia when I was very young. I don’t remember them very well. My husband’s name is Andy. We have two children, Ida aged two and Tom who is six months old. We’re working in India now, and hope to visit Aunt Alice next year.