英语-2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（全国卷专用）

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绝密★考试结束前 2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（全国卷专用）英语（考试时间：120分钟  试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19. 15. B. £ 9. 18. C. £ 9. 15.答案是 C。1．When is the girl’s birthday?A．May 5th. B．May 15th. C．May 16th.2．What does the man mean?A．They should ask about the fee first.B．Their neighbor will help them paint the house.C．They haven’t got enough money to paint the house.3．What did the man buy yesterday?A．A shirt. B．A jacket. C．A sweater.4．Where does the conversation most probably take place?A．At school. B．At a hospital. C．At a stadium.5．What is the man’s hobby?A．Taking photos. B．Listening to music. C．Collecting stamps.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．When does the meeting end?A．At 8:30. B．At 9:00. C．At 10:30.7．What do we know about the woman?A．She was late for work today.  B．She will be the man’s assistant.  C．She is a new worker of the company.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．Why did John Morrison leave the company?A．He left for his medical condition.B．He wanted to start his own business.C．He accepted an offer from another company.9．What does the woman have to do this week?A．Read some résumés. B．Reply to an ad. C．Post a job ad.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．How did the man find the apartment?A．From a newspaper.      B．From the Internet.         C．From a friend.11．What does the man want?A．A big kitchen.          B．A big living room.         C．A big bedroom.12．What will the woman probably do this Friday?A．Entertain some friends.   B．Pay the man a visit.        C．Rent an apartment.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．What is the man doing?A．Making a reply. B．Getting some advice. C．Asking for information.14．What sport is the most popular at the camping center?A．Horse-riding. B．Sailing. C．Boating.15．When do groups always arrive at the camping center?A．On Friday. B．On Saturday. C．On Sunday.16．What is the cost for a child?A．￡425. B．￡480. C．￡525.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．How old does a guide dog begin serious training?A．At the age of four months.   B．At the age of fourteen months.     C．At the age of forty months.18．How long does the intensive course last?A．Three months.  B．Five months.      C．Three to five months.19．Which is NOT a necessary skill for a guide dog to learn?A．To bite the other animals.    B．To obey some commands.      C．To cross the street safely.20．How long does the most important training course last?A．About a month. B．About two months.      C．About four months.第二部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWelcome back to school! Have you signed up for an after-school activity yet? Here are some of the activities you can try.SPORTS TEAMSDo you like sports? How about joining the football team? It has try-outs next Tuesday at 3:00. Many of our best players have moved up to college. So now the team needs new players. For more information, meet our sports advisors, Ms. Matte or Mr. Stergis.GOOD AT ART?This year, your classmates in the school art club plan to paint a mural(壁画) on the wall by the office. So they need new members to help create it! Are you interested in drawing, painting or taking photographs? This club is for you. The first meeting of the school year is next Wednesday at 3:15 in room 221. Please see Ms. Greenway for more information.        NEW THIS YEARThere are some new activities you can have a go at. Try the new after-school science club! It has plans to enter the national Senior Robotics competition this year. So if you want to try building a robot, this club is for you. See Mr. Larson in room 105 for more details. The club meets every Thursday at 3: 30.Do you like acting? Are you good at singing? The school play this year is a musical-The Sound o f Music. Come and try out next Monday at 3:10 in room 125.For a list of all the after-school activities this year, click here. Or pick up a membership form from the advisor's office-room 107.21．When are the try-outs for the football team?A．Next Monday at 3: 10. B．Next Tuesday at 3:00.C．Next Wednesday at 3:15. D．Next Thursday at 3:30.22．What does the art club plan to do this year?A．To paint a mural.                      B．To put on a musical.C．To offer photography courses.            D．To enter a national competition.23．Where can you get more information about the science club?A．In room 221. B．In room 125.C．In room 107. D．In room 105.BJos Bots is not your everyday old person. The man who is in his nineties is about to get down to breaking the record to become the world’s oldest solo sportsman on paraglider(滑翔伞)at an old age most people struggle(拼搏)to reach. Reaching for the near-impossible goal hasn’t been easy for the proud New South Welshman. He has already cheated death several times doing this dangerous sport. “I’ve met many accidents that have nearly killed me a few times,” he said. “Winds changed mid-flight suddenly. I nearly crashed into another paraglider and even fell into sea with paraglider lines wrapped(缠绕) around my legs and arms.”But age is just a number for Mr Bots, who celebrated his 93rd birthday on Wednesday. He said the paragliding experience still “amazes” him although he has been doing it for over 50 years.The Guinness World Record now for the oldest solo sportsman on paraglider is held by Polish man Janusz Orlowski who flew to heights of 332 m at the age of 91 in 2017.But Mr Bots believes the time has come for him to seize the title, even with the difficult conditions at Sydney’s unofficial home of the sport, Stanwell Park, 58 km south off the capital. “You’ve got to gain 300 m in height, which can be done at a lot of places but it’s difficult to do at Stanwell Park,” Mr Bots said. “We did a test once and I missed the 300 m elevation(海拔) level by 10 m, actually.”Though he faces all the close calls and ageist refusers, Mr Bots is hungrier than ever to break the record, and he’ll pay close attention to Stanwell Park weather reports, waiting for the perfect chance to strike. “The Guinness Book of Records goes all over the world, and it would be very nice and something to think about,” he said.24．What nearly caused Jos Bots to crash into another paraglider?A．His paraglider broke down in the air.           B．Another paraglider ran into his by accident.C．His eyes were covered by the paraglider.        D．The wind suddenly changed during the flight.25．According to Jos Bots, he didn’t break the Guinness World Record because of        A．the ever-changing weather                   B．the hard conditions at Stanwell ParkC．his imperfect skills                         D．his poor equipment26．What does the underlined word “strike” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Record. B．Search. C．Change. D．Fly.27．What can best describe Jos Bots?A．Active and risk-taking.                      B．Clever and strong-willed.C．Confident and easy-going.                   D．Patient and warm-hearted.CDo you need to throw your smartphone away to live your best life? Not necessarily, according to researchers from Ruhr-Universität Bochum who suggest that we could all benefit from cutting down on screen time — just only a little bit time.On average, we spend more than three hours a day on our smartphone screens. Between social media, news feeds, endless video games, and an app for pretty much everything else, there’s always something to draw our attention. In recent years, studies have blamed(责备) smartphones for modern problems ranging from rising anxiety rates to neck pain. It begs the question: Are people all really better off turning back to landlines(座机)?“The smartphone is both a blessing and a curse,” says study leader Dr. Julia Brailovskaia, whose team set out to answer that question by gathering together 619 volunteers, hoping to know how much the smartphone is good for us. 200 people put their smartphones completely aside for a week; 226 reduced the amount of time they used the device by one hour a day; 193 people didn’t change anything in their behavior.Researchers interviewed each person about both their overall lifestyle habits and well-being four months later after the experimental week ended. “We found that both completely giving up the smartphone and reducing its daily use by one hour had positive effects on the well-being of the participants(参与者),” as Brailovskaia sums up the upshots. Notably, changing their smartphone habits for just one week appeared to produce lasting outcomes to the subjects(实验对象). Even four months afterward, participants who were told to avoid using their smartphones totally were using their phones for an average of 38 minutes less per day.Meanwhile, the “one hour less” group were using their phones as much as 45 minutes less per day after four months. This group also showed improved life satisfaction, more exercise, and less depression(沮丧).“It’s not necessary to completely give up the smartphone to feel better,” Brailovskaia concludes.28．What’s the purpose of Paragraph 2?A．To stress the benefits of smartphones.         B．To state disadvantages of the experiment.C．To explain why the experiment was done.      D．To answer the question on the smartphones.29．What did the researchers do to the volunteers before testing them?A．They trained them.                        B．They interviewed them.C．They gave them a physical exam.             D．They divided them into 3 groups.30．What does the underlined word “upshots” in Paragraph 4 mean?A．purpose B．results C．reasons D．doubts31．What is the text mainly about?A．Fewer smartphones, more well-being.          B．No smartphone use is the best policy.C．Smartphones are a part of our lives.            D．A small smartphone, two big sides.DA series of fast-moving global trends, motivated by trillion-pound investments (投资), indicates that humanity might be able to avoid the worst influences of global warming. From renewable energy to mass-market electric cars, to plant-based alternatives to meat, these trends show that greenhouse gas emissions (排放) can be stopped.No one is saying the battle to prevent catastrophic climate change — floods, droughts, famine — has been won. “The important thing is to recognize that we’re seriously challenged,” says Christina Figueres, former UN Climate Chief. “At the same time, the fact is we’re already seeing many positive trends.”The world’s appetite for meat and dairy foods is rising as people’s incomes rise, but unless this is entirely changed, there’s no way to beat global warming. The task looks discouraging — people hate being told what to eat. However, just in the last year, a potential solution has burst on to the market: plant-based meat, which has a tiny environmental footprint.A food that looks and tastes just as good as meat or dairy products but is made from plants — has attracted heavy investment. It is particularly obvious in the US, where Bill Gates has backed two plant-based burger (汉堡) companies.Perhaps even more telling is that major meat and dairy companies are now piling in with investments, such as the US’s biggest meat processor, Tyson, and multinational giants Danone and Nestlé. The Chinese government in 2017 put $300 million into Israeli companies producing lab-grown meat, which could also cut emissions.Will these trends move fast enough to avoid the worst of climate change? The LSE’s Nicholas Stern is cautiously optimistic, saying that what has changed in recent years is the realization that green economic growth is the only long-term option.32．According to Paragraph 1, a large amount of money is used to ________.A．develop the economy of the world B．promote the sales of electric carsC．raise awareness of environmental protection D．stop the bad influence of global warming33．What is the main purpose of the invention of plant-based meat?A．To change the eating habit of humans. B．To meet the increasing demand of meat.C．To reduce greenhouse gas emissions. D．To solve food shortage of the world.34．What is the function of Paragraph 5 in this text?A．To explain the background. B．To introduce the topic.C．To summarize the text. D．To list some examples.35．In which part of a website can the text be found?A．Environment. B．Society. C．Technology. D．Education.第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fun Ways to Learn English Faster·Read, read, read.One of the easiest things you can do to learn English faster is to read as much as you can. ____36____ This will make your vocabulary better and it will also help you learn grammar and slang (俚语).·Watch movies.Watching movies will also help you improve your English, by helping you to hear what it sounds like and also helping you to learn new words. ____37____ Once you have a basic vocabulary, try to keep the subtitles (字幕) off and focus on listening for the words you do know and guessing the words you don’t know from what is happening on the screen.·Sing songs.Learning and singing songs is another good way to make your English better. ____38____ It will also help increase your vocabulary. Find a song you like, learn it, and learn what the lyrics (歌词) mean.·____39____You can also just make friends with English language speakers online and chat, email, and Skype together in order to practise your English. You can talk about whatever you want! ____40____A．Make a friend.B．Join a fan community.C．Read things all the time.D．You can start watching with subtitles on.E．This will help you improve your pronunciation.F．Newspapers are a good way to learn the basics of a language.G．You can find online friends by joining fan communities or through language-learning communities.第三部分  语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节  完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。One of the most inspiring quotes (名言) I ever heard was by Brian Tracy. He said: “The ___41___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that successful people ___42___ many more times than unsuccessful people.”I deeply understood the ___43___ of the quote soon after my first book was published.I was living in Atlanta at the time and ___44___ my first signing sale for my new book at the Phoenix and Dragon, the largest bookstore in the city. Although a nice sign was placed outside the room ___45___ images of both me and my book, The 9 Insights of the Wealthy Soul, not a single customer entered the room. ___46___ each minute passed, I became increasingly ___47___.At 6:55 pm, just before the store’s ___48___, I began to get myself ready to leave. At that moment, just when I couldn’t feel any ___49___, a middle-aged couple walked into the room. I managed to ____50____ my emotions and introduced myself and my book.The couple turned the pages each other, and the husband ____51____ to his wife. She then told me, “I think we’ll get the book.”Despite the impulse (冲动) to jump ____52____, and hold their hands to thank them for being my ____53____ readers, I realized the woman was trying to say something else.“The ____54____ we’re buying it is that our son died two years ago,” she said. “Maybe your book will help us ____55____ it.”At that moment, I knew if I never sold a copy of the book, my four years of ____56____ had been meaningless.Although I would have many more challenging years ____57____ my book became a bestseller, this couple’s story was all the ____58____ I needed at that point to keep me ____59____.Thanks to them, I would realize that the greatest of lives are made all in the same way: One challenge… one difficulty… one step… and one small ____60____ at a time.41．A．similarity B．interest C．difference D．advantage42．A．hesitate B．fail C．complain D．survive43．A．wisdom B．impression C．honor D．analysis44．A．refused B．decided C．waited D．arranged45．A．including B．decorating C．declaring D．showing46．A．While B．With C．As D．When47．A．curious B．calm C．angry D．anxious48．A．disappearing B．closing C．crowded D．opening49．A．good B．bad C．worse D．better50．A．express B．escape C．read D．hide51．A．replied B．reacted C．nodded D．pointed52．A．in the air B．in a row C．on the rise D．on the ground53．A．reliable B．first C．unusual D．final54．A．reason B．effect C．purpose D．result55．A．look through B．come across C．find out D．get over56．A．writing B．advertising C．studying D．waiting57．A．since B．until C．after D．unless58．A．material B．information C．decision D．motivation59．A．putting forward  B．falling down C．moving ahead D．standing by60．A．success B．failure C．basis D．pleasure第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was___61___(official) formed in 2001 and is now made up of hundreds of rescue workers and about 20 sniffer dogs. The team brings help and hope to those___62___lives are changed by a ___63___(various) of disasters.After long and careful training, the team went on___64___(it) first international rescue missions in 2003. Since then, the CISAR___65___(complete) many missions. The list of people___66___whom help has been given is long. The team treated more than 3,000 people who___67___(injure) in the 2006 earthquakes in Indonesia, helped 2,500 wounded after the earthquake that hit Haiti in 2010, and spent___68___(month) giving aid to over 25,000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan.As rescue workers, they have to work under dangerous conditions,___69___means they have to be strong in both body and mind. They must have big hearts, too. It takes a lot of love and courage ___70___ (risk) one’s own life to save someone else’s. The members of the CISAR have plenty of both and are always ready to go whenever help is needed.第四部分  写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节  短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）    假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。We students often feel stressed because we have too many homework to do every day. We are such busy studying all day that we don’t have free time to do what we are interested. So we always felt very tired. What should we do to relax ourselves then?First, doing sports with some of our classmate is the best way to relax ourselves. It is also good for our healthy. Second, we can also listen to music during the breaks. Third, when we feel tired, go to the movies with our parents on weekends is another good choice, which will help us build a much more closer relationship with them. In short, they should spend a little time on relaxed activities each day.第二节  书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华，最近刚转学到一所新学校。你发现与新同学交往有困难，为此你感到非常苦恼。请你给外教Chris写封信向他求助，内容包括：1.表明写信目的；2.请求给出建议；3.期待收到回复。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：转学transferDear Chris,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely,Li Hua