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2022-2023学年青海省西宁市城西区名校高三上学期12月月考英语试题B（Word版）
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这是一份2022-2023学年青海省西宁市城西区名校高三上学期12月月考英语试题B（Word版），共21页。
西宁市城西区名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考
英语试题B
注 意 事 项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1．本试卷满分为120分，考试时间为90分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在答题卡的规定位置。
3．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Price: $ 14.9 Number of pages: 127Storyline: Bean and her best friend, Ivy, decide to create their own camp. They think up all the activities and, of course, they make the rules…
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 10 because I love the characters. They are funny and creative.
Price: $ 15.9 Number of pages: 128Storyline: Zoe and Alice’s mother might just have the coolest job ever. She saves great pyrenees dogs(大白熊犬)…
Recommendation: I’d give this book an 8 because it is a little sad. I think kids who love animals and a good story will really like it.
Price: $ 12.9 Number of pages: 192Storyline: A dog lives in an empty pipe under Highway 16. He has four dog friends. One day, they decide to go on an adventure to steal the food from a human family…
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 9. It is funny. I was laughing out loud at all the funny scenes.
Price: $ 15.9 Number of pages: 160Storyline: After their parents are killed in a car accident. Jayna and her elder brother Rob are each other’s only family. Soon, Rob goes off to serve in the navy.
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 9. I’m interested in romantic novels and science fiction, but not so much in historical fiction. Gingersnap really changed my opinion.
1．_______ has the most pages.A．Ivy and Bean Make the Rules B．White Fur Flying
C．Stick Dog D．Gingersnap
2．White Fur Flying ___________.
A．tells us about the life of four dogs
B．is a historical fiction
C．is a book about saving dogs
D．shows us the camp life
3．Tom wants to buy a copy of Ivy and Bean Make the Rules and a copy of Gingersnap. He should pay ______ for the two books.
A．$ 14.9 B．$30.8 C．$ 12.9 D．$15.9
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC．
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
4．How much area of the seawater did the volcano stir?
A．20%. B．30%. C．50%. D．70%.
5．Which phrase can replace the underlined words “out of commission”?
A．out of action B．out of range C．out of existence D．out of account
6．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The Iceland volcano eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B．New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.
C．Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.
D．The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.
7．What section of a newspaper may this passage be taken from?
A．Home news. B．Business news.
C．Travel news. D．International news.
Priors Court is a school in Berkshire, southern England for children with autism (自闭症). It cares for around 95 young people with more severe signs of autism. Some cannot speak or communicate their needs. The school set up a project aimed at finding a new use for virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) headsets, to help those autistic children become familiar with alien places and feel safe there. The workers involved in the project at the school are also using high technology to learn more about individual students.
People with autism may find it hard to deal with places and situations they have not experienced before. VR headsets make the wearer feel like they are in a different place. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With video, they can even hear the sounds of the place.
Nuno Guerreiro is a computing teacher at Prior’s Court School. He said: “Our young people, they have difficulties with sensory issues (感知问题), so they can find it overpowering going to very busy places.” Guerreiro added that children with autism find it hard to be in a new place. “They like what is familiar, they like their routine.” The school officials hope the VR experiences will help children feel better about changes from their routine. The charity is also hoping data can help. They are trying a new data collection system. The system, called Prior Insight, puts together information about each young person’s day: what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities.
Project leader Elaine Hudgell said the school hopes to share what it has learned. “We’re hoping to not only increase our knowledge and awareness of the world of young people with autism at Priors Court, but also to be able to, in time, share that with the wider autism world."
8．What do we know about the children in Priors Court?
A．They dislike talking in public. B．They feel unsafe at school.
C．They suffer language barriers more or less. D．They are very strange to VR headsets.
9．What can VR headsets do for autistic children?
A．Play videos. B．Recreate a new sound.
C．Provide more virtual scenes. D．Present familiar situations.
10．How does Prior Insight work?
A．By adjusting people’s senses. B．By changing people’s routine.
C．By arranging various activities. D．By collecting daily behavior data.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the project?
A．Care for Children with Autism B．Make Good Use of High Technology
C．VR Headsets Are Popular with Schools D．VR Takes Autistic Children to New Places
To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the project. A decade ago, he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. They’re everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of plastic. And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much—only by percent. But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to change from smooth to rough. That’s another sign that the robots were degrading (分解) it. The new study is a proof of concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant. “Indeed,” says one researcher. “We’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in open waterways, such as at sea.”
12．The microrobots are powered by ______.
A．water B．sunlight C．plastics D．pencils
13．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2?
A．The purpose of Pumera’s project. B．The preciousness of drinking water.
C．The seriousness of plastic pollution. D．The working principle of the microrobots.
14．What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments?
A．The weight loss of the plastics. B．The disappearance of the plastics.
C．The shape change of the microrobots. D．The improvement in the purity of water.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Ways to Obtain Cleaner Drinking Water B．Microrobots Invented to Treat Wastewater
C．New Hope for the Solution to Plastic Pollution D．Technology Widely Applied in Environment Protection
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
As is known to all, we are always consuming various foods. We have to spend large parts of our days finding, buying, cooking and eating our food. Did you ever think it might be nice to be able to make your own food like plants do? ___16___ They perform a process called photosynthesis (光合作用) using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for the plant to “eat”. The plant gives off water and oxygen.
___17___ Plants have special structures called chloroplasts (叶绿体) that animals don’t have. These structures are filled with chlorophyll, which gives leafy green plants their green color. Their main job is to absorb light from the sun. Chloroplasts can absorb every color except green. Light makes chlorophyll active. It creates an energy that separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen. ___18___ Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.
___19___ Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out. This is one good reason for protecting plant life on Earth. Many plants can produce a constant supply of oxygen for us. We need plants in order to survive.
Conservation (保护) projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants. ___20___
A．Plants are producers.
B．Chemical reactions take place.
C．Animals can’t live without water.
D．People and plants make perfect partners.
E．So how do plants do it, and why can’t we?
F．There would be too much carbon dioxide in the air.
G．Our quality of life and the fresh air we breathe depend upon our green plant partners.
第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are busy trying to make money in order to ____21____ my brother's education and mine. They don't act in the____22____ ways that I read in books or I see on TV. My father has a bad temper, and it's easy ____23____ him to lose his temper.
One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I ____24____ sat down beside her and looked at her. “Is there love between you ____25____ Dad?” I asked her in a very low____26____. My mother stopped her work and raised her head with____27____ in her eyes. She didn't ____28____ my question immediately.Then she____29____ her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was afraid that I had hurt her_____30_____
I felt so _____31_____that I didn't know what to do. But at last I heard my mother say the following words: “Look at this thread (线). Sometimes it _____32_____ , but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and durable (耐劳的). If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be _____33_____ anywhere or anytime, but it's really there.”
I listened carefully but I couldn't _____34_____ until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. After they were back from the hospital, my mother_____35_____ him to walk slowly on the beautiful country road every morning. My father had never been so gentle. But after two months he still couldn't walk_____36_____. All of us were worried about him. "Dad, how are you feeling now?" I asked him one day.
“Susan, don't_____37_____ me,” he said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like walking with your mom.” Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother _____38_____. Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this_____39_____ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, _____40_____ life strong and warm.
21．A．pay for B．look for C．hunt for D．search for
22．A．religious B．commercial C．joyful D．romantic
23．A．at B．from C．for D．of
24．A．quickly B．silently C．carelessly D．directly
25．A．and B．to C．but D．or
26．A．sound B．noise C．voice D．accent
27．A．light B．tears C．surprise D．anger
28．A．answer B．represent C．respect D．perform
29．A．bowed B．raised C．nodded D．shook
30．A．gratitude B．energy C．soul D．feelings
31．A．embarrassed B．capable C．grateful D．precious
32．A．hides B．appears C．links D．reaches
33．A．touched B．felt C．seen D．heard
34．A．access B．wait C．promise D．understand
35．A．asked B．helped C．told D．ordered
36．A．by herself B．by himself C．by itself D．by myself
37．A．reflect on B．be absorbed in C．worry about D．take advantage of
38．A．gradually B．deeply C．significantly D．originally
39．A．suggestion B．thought C．experience D．action
40．A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
____41____ the modern Olympic Games started in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ____42____(player) competed (比赛) only in the Summer Games. There were, however, the Nordic Games (北欧运动会). That was a ____43____(compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901. But not everyone could compete: The Nordic Games were open only to athletes (运动员)____44____Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week____45____(hold)
In Chamonix, France. Only about 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports at Chamonix. Something else____46____(be) different about these Games compared with today’s Olympics: There were only 11 female athletes at the 1924 Games,____47____competed only in figure skating (花样滑冰).
Still, the Winter Olympics were underway, adding more sports to the Games, and____48____(especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ____49____(take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰上曲棍球) and other sports.
Now the Games have such _____50_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and skeleton (俯式冰橇). Some of these events have changed since they have changed since they were introduced.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Sun Yang, a famous Chinese swimmer, is known to the world. Born in 1991, he is 1.98 meters in high and 89 kilos in weight. As swimmer, he always trains hardly. That’s why he could win two gold prize in the 2012 London Olympics, which were a great honor for our country. Although he once makes mistakes in the view of the public, but in the 2013 World Swimming Championships he made amazed achievements. Sun Yang is very brilliant that he has many fans. We should be pleased to take her as our role model.
第二节书面表达(满分25分）
52．请你根据以下材料为颜宁女士写一篇简介，作为论坛主持人的介绍词。不必涵盖所有细节，择重点即可。
前不久，在“2022深圳全球创新人才论坛（The Global Innovation Talent Forum）”上，生物学家颜宁宣布，即将辞去普林斯顿大学（Princeton University）教职，全职回国，颜宁回国的消息席卷国内各大媒体。这位“学术女神”，不但颜值出众，还学术斐然，不到30岁成为清华最年轻教授，赴美后更是成为美国两院院士（academician）。她的回国，引发大众热切关注。据悉，颜宁将出任深圳医学科学院创始院长，为全国创造全新的科研平台。
1977年11月，颜宁出生于山东省济南市。
1996年—2000年，颜宁在清华大学生物科学与技术系学习，2000年—2004年，颜宁在美国普林斯顿大学获博士学位，并从事博士后研究。
2007年，颜宁受聘清华大学医学院。任清华大学教授、博士生导师（doctoral supervisor）（成为当时清华最年轻的教授和博士生导师）
2011年8月，颜宁获国家杰出青年科学基金资助。
2017年5月7日，颜宁受聘为普林斯顿大学分子生物学系（Department of Molecular Biology）终身教授的职位；
2022年11月1日，宣布即将辞去普林斯顿大学教职，到深圳创立医学科学院。出任深圳医学科学院创始院长（Founding President）。
参考答案
1．C 2．C 3．B
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四本书的价格，页数，书的内容和推荐理由。
1．细节理解题。根据四本书所提供的页数可知，Ivy and Bean Make the Rules Number of pages: 127；White Fur Flying Number of pages: 128 ；Stick Dog Number of pages: 192和Gingersnap Number of pages: 160可知，Stick Dog这本书有192页，是四本书中页数最多的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据White Fur Flying 中She saves great pyrenees dogs(大白熊犬)…可知，她救了了不起的大白熊犬。由此可知，White Fur Flying 是一本关于拯救狗的书。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据 Ivy and Bean Make the Rules的价格Price: $ 14.9 和Gingersnap 的价格Price: $ 15.9 可知，如果汤姆买这两本书，需支付：$ 14.9+$ 15.9=$30.8。故选B。
4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe (海底火山爆发的威力如此之大，以至于它引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)”可知，火山搅动了约50%的海水，故选C。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world (这个约有10万人口的国家在很大程度上仍然与世界其他地区隔绝)”以及下文“by the volcano (被火山)”可推知，此处指这个国家与世界其他地区基本隔绝了，所以其海底互联网电缆因火山爆发而中断，因此划线的短语“out of commission”意思是“不能使用的”，A项“out of action (不能工作、无法运转)”与画线短语意思相近。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. (但由于空气中火山灰浓度很高，飞行变得不可能，就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，甚至很难知道需要什么)”可推知，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致了附近航班延误。故选A。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. (2022年1月14日星期五，2000公里外的新西兰和3300公里外的澳大利亚都听到了爆炸声)”以及倒数第二段“New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. (新西兰和该地区其他国家承诺向汤加提供恢复援助)”可推知，本文主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝，所以最有可能摘自报纸的国际新闻版面。故选D。
8．C 9．C 10．D 11．D
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了利用VR耳机，可以让自闭症儿童适应新的环境和地方，并阐述了VR耳机的操作原理。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Priors Court is a school in Berkshire, southern England for children with autism (自闭症). It cares for around 95 young people with more severe signs of autism. Some cannot speak or communicate their needs.”（Priors Court是英格兰南部伯克希尔的一所自闭症儿童学校。它照顾大约95名有更严重自闭症症状的年轻人。有些人不能说话或表达自己的需求。）可知，Priors Court的孩子都是有严重症状的自闭症儿童，他们不能说话或表达自己的需求，由此可知，Priors Court的孩子们或多或少有语言障碍。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“People with autism may find it hard to deal with places and situations they have not experienced before. VR headsets make the wearer feel like they are in a different place. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With video, they can even hear the sounds of the place.”（自闭症患者可能会发现很难适应他们以前从未经历过的地方和环境。VR耳机让佩戴者感觉自己身处不同的地方。例如，戴着VR耳机的人在转身时可以360度看到一个地方。通过视频，他们甚至可以听到这个地方的声音。）可知，自闭症患者很难适应新的地方，VR耳机让佩戴者感觉自己身处不同的地方，为他们提供更多虚拟场景，并能展示这个场景的声音，由此可知，VR耳机能为自闭症儿童提供更多虚拟场景。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The charity is also hoping data can help. They are trying a new data collection system. The system, called Prior Insight, puts together information about each young person’s day: what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities.”（该慈善机构也希望数据能有所帮助。他们正在尝试一种新的数据收集系统。这个名为Previous Insight的系统将每个年轻人一天的信息汇总在一起：他们吃了什么、睡了多少觉、做了多少运动以及他们所有的活动。）可知，Previous Insight是一种新的数据收集系统，它主要用于收集年轻人一天的行为数据，由此可知，Previous Insight通过收集日常行为数据来开展工作。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“The school set up a project aimed at finding a new use for virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) headsets, to help those autistic children become familiar with alien places and feel safe there.”（学校设立了一个项目，旨在寻找VR耳机的新用途，帮助自闭症儿童熟悉陌生的地方，并在那里感到安全。）可知，本文主要讲述了利用VR耳机，可以让自闭症儿童适应新的环境和地方，并阐述了VR耳机是如何起作用的，“VR Takes Autistic Children to New Places”意为“VR将自闭症儿童带到新的地方”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil.（他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它不比削尖的铅笔尖大）”和第三句话“When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction.（当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，使它们向特定方向推动它们穿过水）”可知，微型机器人是由阳光提供动力。A. water水；B. sunlight阳光；C. plastics塑料；D. pencils铅笔。故选B项。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句话和最后一句话“Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.（一些研究估计，数十亿塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源，从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾）”可知，微塑料分布广泛，甚至出现在饮用水当中。C项“塑料污染的严重性”符合题意。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics（并且在暴露于光线一周后，机器人减轻了塑料的重量。）”和第四句话“But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down.（但这表明它们正在分解塑料）”可知，A项“塑料的重量损失”符合题意。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们从小事做起。 他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它还没有削尖的铅笔尖那么大。 当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，推动它们在水中朝特定的方向移动。 当它们发现一块塑料时，就会粘在上面，并开始分解它）可知文章主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。C项“解决塑料污染的新希望”符合题意。故选C项。
16．A 17．E 18．B 19．D 20．G
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类和植物是非常完美的合作者，人类所呼吸的新鲜空气依赖于植物，所以我们要保护自然资源，包括各种各样的植物。
16．下文“They perform a process called photosynthesis using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for the plant to “eat”. (它们利用太阳光、水和二氧化碳进行一种叫做光合作用的过程。这种化学反应的最终结果是植物“吃”的糖)”说明植物可以自己生产可用的糖分，A项“植物是生产者。”引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
17．下文“Plants have special structures called chloroplasts that animals don’t have.(植物有一种叫做叶绿体的特殊结构，而动物没有这种结构)”说明植物有叶绿体这一特殊结构，E项“那么植物是如何做到的，为什么我们不能呢？”提出问题，引出下文的回答。故选E。
18．下文“Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.(水中的氢与我们呼出的二氧化碳中的碳结合。氧气被送到空气中)”说明产生了化学反应，B项“发生化学反应。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
19．下文“Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out.(植物依赖我们呼出的二氧化碳，我们依赖它们“呼出”的氧气)”说明人类与植物互相依赖，D项“人和植物是完美的搭档。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
20．上文“Conservation projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants.(全球各地的保护项目旨在保护我们的自然资源，包括许多植物物种)”说明要保护自然资源，包括各种各样的植物，G项“我们的生活质量和呼吸的新鲜空气取决于我们的绿色植物伙伴。”解释保护植物的原因，符合题意。故选G。
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A
本文为一篇记叙文。作者认为爱是浪漫的，觉得自己的父母之间缺少爱。一次作者询问母亲这个问题，母亲告诉作者，爱就像被子里的一条线，虽然大部分时间看不见，却一直在那里，使生活变得坚强、温暖。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每天都忙着挣钱供我和哥哥上学。A. pay for为……支付；B. look for寻找；C. hunt for搜寻；D. search for搜索。根据“my brother's education and mine”可知，父母每天忙于挣钱用于支付教育费用。故选A项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为不像我在书中读到的或在电视上看到的那样浪漫。A. religious宗教的；B. commercial商业的；C. joyful欢乐的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据“that I read in books or I see on TV”可知，作者认为父母之间表达爱意的方式与自己之前在书本及电视上看到的浪漫的方式不一样。故选D项。
23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸脾气很坏，他很容易发脾气。A. at在；B. from从；C. for对，为了；D. of属于……的。本句为固定句型it’s+adj+for+sb.+to do sth.，意思为：对某人来说做某事是……的。故选C项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我安静地坐在她旁边看着她。A. quickly快速地；B. silently无声地；C. carelessly粗心地；C. directly直接地。根据“One day, my mother was sewing a quilt.”可知，妈妈在缝被子，作者应该安静地坐在她的旁边。故选B项。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我低声问她：“你和爸爸之间有爱吗？”A. and和；B. to向，朝；C. but但是；D. or或者。between…and…为固定搭配，表示：在……和……之间。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sound声音；B. noise噪音；C. voice嗓音；D. accent口音。根据“asked her”可知，此处表示用较低的嗓音问妈妈。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲停下手里的活，抬起头，眼里满是惊讶。A. light灯；B. tears眼泪；C. surprise惊讶；D. anger愤怒。根据“My mother stopped her work”可以推测，妈妈听到作者的话感到很惊讶，停下了手上的活儿。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有立即回答我的问题。A. answer回答；B. represent代表；C. respect尊敬；D. perform表演。根据“She didn't ___8___ my question immediately.”可知，母亲没有立即回答作者的问题。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她低下头，继续缝被子。A. bowed低下（头）；B. raised举起；C. nodded点头；D. shook摇晃。根据“continued to sew the quilt”可知，妈妈低下了头。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我怕我伤害了她的感情。A. gratitude感激；B. energy能量；C. soul灵魂；D. feelings感情。根据句意可知，妈妈没有回答问题，只是继续低下头缝被子，作者害怕伤害了她的感情。故选D项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬，不知道该怎么办。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. capable有能力的；C. grateful感激的；D. precious珍贵的。根据“I didn't know what to do”可知，作者是尴尬的。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时它会出现，但大多数时候，它会消失在被子里。A. hides躲藏；B. appears出现；C. links联系；D. reaches到达。根据“but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt”可知，妈妈表示，有时候，线会出现，但大部分时间，它会消失在被子里。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不可能随时随地看到它，但它却实实在在地存在着。A. touched触摸；B. felt感觉；C. seen看；D. heard听见。根据“Sometimes it ____ 12____ , but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt.”可知，线大部分时间都是在被子里的，因此，不能随时随地看见它。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仔细听着，但直到第二年春天我才明白。A. access到达，进入；B. wait等；C. promise承诺；D. understand理解。问句下一段“I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.”可知，作者到第二年春天才理解妈妈话里的意思。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从医院回来后，我的母亲每天早上帮助他在美丽的乡村道路上慢慢地走。A. asked问；B. helped帮助；C. told告诉；D. ordered命令。根据“At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously.”可知，爸爸生病了，妈妈帮助爸爸走路。故选B项。
36．考查代词词义辨析。句意：但两个月后，他仍然不能自己走路。A. by herself她自己；B. by himself他自己；C. by itself它自己；D. by myself我自己。根据本句主语“he”可知，此处的反身代词表示“他自己”。故选B项。
37．考查短语辨析。句意：他温柔地说：“苏珊，不要担心我。”A. reflect on仔细思考；B. be absorbed in专心于；C. worry about担心；D. take advantage of利用。根据上一段“All of us were worried about him.”可知，爸爸让作者不要担心他。故选C项。
38．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：从他的眼神中，我看得出他对母亲的爱很深。A. gradually逐渐地；B. deeply深刻地；C. significantly显著地；D. originally原始的。根据“Reading his eyes”可知，作者从爸爸的眼神中感受到了他对妈妈深深的爱。故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从这次经历中，我明白了，爱就像生活中被子里的一根线。A. suggestion建议；B. thought想法；C. experience经历；D. action行动。根据文章故事内容可知，作者从这次经历中明白了，爱可以是深藏起来的。故选C项。
40．考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：爱就在里面，使生活变得坚强而温暖。空格处作句子的状语，“love”与“make”为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故选A项。
41．When 42．Players 43．competition 44．from 45．was held 46．was 47．who 48．especially 49．to take 50．interesting
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季运动会的发展。
41．考查时间状语从句引导词。句意：当现代奥林匹克运动会于1896年在希腊雅典举行时，还没有冬季奥林匹克运动会。结合句意可知，空处应使用when引导时间状语从句，表达“当......”之意。句子首字母大写。故填When。
42．考查名词。句意：运动员只参加夏季奥运会。分析句子可知，空处应使用可数名词复数，表泛指。句子首字母大写。故填Players。
43．考查名词。句意：那是一场从1901年开始每隔几年举行一次的冬季运动比赛。根据空前的a可知，空处应使用可数名词单数competition，表达“比赛”之意。故填competition。
44．考查介词。句意：但不是每个人都能参加：北欧运动会只对丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的运动员开放。结合句意，空处应使用介词from，表达“来自（某个国家）”之意。故填from。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：冬季运动很受欢迎，所以1924年在夏蒙尼举办了国际冬季运动周。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般过去时。由于hold与主语an International Winter Sports Week之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填was held。
46．考查系动词。句意：与今天的奥运会相比，这届奥运会还有一些不同之处：在1924年的奥运会上，只有11名女运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛。描述发生在过去的事情，句子应使用一般过去时。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，其后be动词用was。故填was。
47．考查定语从句。句意：与今天的奥运会相比，这届奥运会还有一些不同之处：在1924年的奥运会上，只有11名女运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛。分析句子可知，空处应使用who引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代先行词11 female athletes（指人），that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
48．考查副词。句意：尽管如此，冬季奥运会仍在进行中，奥运会增加了更多的运动项目，尤其是女性运动项目。分析句子可知，空后处应使用副词修饰整个句子，作状语。故填especially。
49．考查不定式。句意：妇女有机会参加滑雪、冰球和其他运动。分析句子可知，空处应使用不定式作定语。故填to take。
50．考查形容词。句意：现在奥运会有诸如滑雪和俯式冰橇等有趣的项目。结合句意可知，空处应使用形容词interesting，表达“有趣的”之意，作定语。故填interesting。
51．1. high→height；2.在As和swimmer之间加a；3.hardly→hard；4.prize→prizes；5.were→was；6.makes→made；7.去掉in前面的but；8.amazed→amazing；9.very→so；10.her→him。
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍中国著名游泳运动员孙杨。
1.考查名词。句意：他出生于1991年，身高1.98米，体重89公斤。根据下文and 89 kilos in weight可知，此处使用in height“高度，在高度上”。故high改为height。
2.考查不定冠词。句意：作为一名游泳运动员，他总是努力训练。此处泛指“一名游泳运动员”，应用不定冠词，swimmer是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用a。故在As和swimmer之间加a。
3.考查副词。句意：作为一名游泳运动员，他总是努力训练。根据句意可知，此处指“他总是努力训练”， hard“努力地”，hardly “几乎不”不符合句意。故hardly改为hard。
4.考查名词复数。句意：这就是为什么他能在2012年伦敦奥运会上赢得两枚金牌，这是我们国家的巨大荣誉。根据two可知，后面的名词是复数形式。故prize改为prizes。
5.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么他能在2012年伦敦奥运会上赢得两枚金牌，这是我们国家的巨大荣誉。关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中做主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故were改为was。
6.考查一般过去时。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。根据once“曾经”可知，句子用一般过去时。故makes改为made。
7.考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。although引导的让步状语从句不能再用并列连词but/and/or。故去掉in前面的but。
8.考查形容词。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。amazing“令人惊讶的”，常修饰物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，常修饰人的感情；此处修饰achievements，意为“令人惊讶的成绩”，应使用-ing结尾形容词。故把amazed改为amazing。
9.考查固定句型。句意：孙杨如此的杰出以致于他有很多粉丝。此处是固定句型：so…that…“如此……以致于……”。故very改为so。
10.考查人称代词。句意：我们应该乐于以他为榜样。根据第一句中Sun Yang, a famous Chinese swimmer,可知，孙杨是一名男游泳选手。故her改为him。
【点睛】such…that…与so…that…的区别如下：
1、连接的从句不同。such…that…作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句，与so…that…意思相同，但用法不同。
例如：The effect on our blood chemistry is such that it produces physical changes in our entire body. 对我们血液化学的影响是它在我们整个身体中产生物理变化。
2、接的词性不同。so…that…这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。
例如：They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break .他们也许能帮助你照看孩子，这样你就可以休息了。
3、后面的名词修饰词不同。如果such后边的名词是由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰的话，则不用such，而使用so。
例如：In a time when there are many dire predictions going around, you can offset them by concentrating on all that is positive such as the many beneficial changes that are about tomanifest. 在存在许多可怕的预测的时候，你可以通过关注所有积极的事情来抵消它们，比如关于tomanifest的许多有益的改变。
52． Yan Ning, born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. In 2007, Yan Ning was hired by the Medical College of Tsinghua University and became the youngest professor and doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University after receiving a doctorate degree from Princeton University in the United States in 2004. On May 7, 2017, Yan Ning was employed as a tenured professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of Princeton University. And on November 1, 2022, it was announced that she would quit her teaching job at Princeton University and found the Academy of Medical Sciences in Shenzhen as the founding president of Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences.
本文是一篇应用文写作，现要求考生为颜宁女士写一篇简介作为论坛主持人的介绍词。其内容主要是颜宁人生中一些重要的学习成就和任职陈述等。
1.词汇积累
雇佣：hire→employ
辞掉：quit→resign
职位：job→position
建立：found→establish
2.句式拓展简
简单句变复合句
原句：Yan Ning, born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000.
拓展句：Yan Ning, who was born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 On May 7, 2017, Yan Ning was employed as a tenured professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of Princeton University. (运用了被动语态)
【高分句型2】And on November 1, 2022, it was announced that she would quit her teaching job at Princeton University and found the Academy of Medical Sciences in Shenzhen as the founding president of Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
西宁市城西区名校2022-2023学年高三上学期12月月考
英语试题B
注 意 事 项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1．本试卷满分为120分，考试时间为90分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在答题卡的规定位置。
3．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。作答非选择题，必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效。
第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Price: $ 14.9 Number of pages: 127Storyline: Bean and her best friend, Ivy, decide to create their own camp. They think up all the activities and, of course, they make the rules…
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 10 because I love the characters. They are funny and creative.
Price: $ 15.9 Number of pages: 128Storyline: Zoe and Alice’s mother might just have the coolest job ever. She saves great pyrenees dogs(大白熊犬)…
Recommendation: I’d give this book an 8 because it is a little sad. I think kids who love animals and a good story will really like it.
Price: $ 12.9 Number of pages: 192Storyline: A dog lives in an empty pipe under Highway 16. He has four dog friends. One day, they decide to go on an adventure to steal the food from a human family…
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 9. It is funny. I was laughing out loud at all the funny scenes.
Price: $ 15.9 Number of pages: 160Storyline: After their parents are killed in a car accident. Jayna and her elder brother Rob are each other’s only family. Soon, Rob goes off to serve in the navy.
Recommendation: I’d give this book a 9. I’m interested in romantic novels and science fiction, but not so much in historical fiction. Gingersnap really changed my opinion.
1．_______ has the most pages.A．Ivy and Bean Make the Rules B．White Fur Flying
C．Stick Dog D．Gingersnap
2．White Fur Flying ___________.
A．tells us about the life of four dogs
B．is a historical fiction
C．is a book about saving dogs
D．shows us the camp life
3．Tom wants to buy a copy of Ivy and Bean Make the Rules and a copy of Gingersnap. He should pay ______ for the two books.
A．$ 14.9 B．$30.8 C．$ 12.9 D．$15.9
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Boats crashed into a quiet harbor in Southern California, a remote island was battered in Japan by 4 foot waves and two women were swept to their deaths on a beach in Peru some 6,000 miles from an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe.
But on Sunday, as reports of the volcano’s effect crowded in from far-flung countries, there was little word from Tonga, the island nation just 40 miles from the site of the extraordinary explosion. As concerns from all over the world grew, the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world, its undersea internet cables knocked out of commission by the volcano.
In Tonga on Sunday, many residents lost not only communication channels but electric power. Up to 80,000 people there could be affected, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies told the BBC．
New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights over Tonga were planned for Monday or Tuesday, depending on ash conditions.
Tonga has experienced a succession of natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, more than 170 homes were destroyed and two people killed by Cyclone Gita, a Category 5 tropical storm. In 2020, Cyclone Harold caused about $111 million in damage.
4．How much area of the seawater did the volcano stir?
A．20%. B．30%. C．50%. D．70%.
5．Which phrase can replace the underlined words “out of commission”?
A．out of action B．out of range C．out of existence D．out of account
6．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The Iceland volcano eruption in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B．New Zealand as well as other nations in the region gave Tonga aid timely.
C．Flights could reach Tonga two days after the eruption.
D．The undersea volcanic eruption caused severer damage to Tonga than ever before.
7．What section of a newspaper may this passage be taken from?
A．Home news. B．Business news.
C．Travel news. D．International news.
Priors Court is a school in Berkshire, southern England for children with autism (自闭症). It cares for around 95 young people with more severe signs of autism. Some cannot speak or communicate their needs. The school set up a project aimed at finding a new use for virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) headsets, to help those autistic children become familiar with alien places and feel safe there. The workers involved in the project at the school are also using high technology to learn more about individual students.
People with autism may find it hard to deal with places and situations they have not experienced before. VR headsets make the wearer feel like they are in a different place. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With video, they can even hear the sounds of the place.
Nuno Guerreiro is a computing teacher at Prior’s Court School. He said: “Our young people, they have difficulties with sensory issues (感知问题), so they can find it overpowering going to very busy places.” Guerreiro added that children with autism find it hard to be in a new place. “They like what is familiar, they like their routine.” The school officials hope the VR experiences will help children feel better about changes from their routine. The charity is also hoping data can help. They are trying a new data collection system. The system, called Prior Insight, puts together information about each young person’s day: what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities.
Project leader Elaine Hudgell said the school hopes to share what it has learned. “We’re hoping to not only increase our knowledge and awareness of the world of young people with autism at Priors Court, but also to be able to, in time, share that with the wider autism world."
8．What do we know about the children in Priors Court?
A．They dislike talking in public. B．They feel unsafe at school.
C．They suffer language barriers more or less. D．They are very strange to VR headsets.
9．What can VR headsets do for autistic children?
A．Play videos. B．Recreate a new sound.
C．Provide more virtual scenes. D．Present familiar situations.
10．How does Prior Insight work?
A．By adjusting people’s senses. B．By changing people’s routine.
C．By arranging various activities. D．By collecting daily behavior data.
11．Which of the following can be the best title for the project?
A．Care for Children with Autism B．Make Good Use of High Technology
C．VR Headsets Are Popular with Schools D．VR Takes Autistic Children to New Places
To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.
Chemist Martin Pumera at the Czech University led the project. A decade ago, he chose to focus on the problem posed by microplastics. They’re everywhere—from the bottom of the ocean to air blowing onto ice atop mountains. They’ve turned up in drinking water. Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.
In lab experiments, the star-shaped swimmers stuck onto each of four different types of plastic. And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics. It wasn’t much—only by percent. But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down. They also caused the surface of the plastic to change from smooth to rough. That’s another sign that the robots were degrading (分解) it. The new study is a proof of concept type. That means it shows something can be done successfully.
In fact, Pumera says they still have a long way to go. There are many types of plastics. And even these microrobots are unlikely to succeed in degrading them all. The researchers also have not yet shown how safe this system is for the environment, although Pumera says that’s their next goal. The first real-world test will be in a wastewater-treatment plant. “Indeed,” says one researcher. “We’ll need a lot of testing to show that they’re safe in open waterways, such as at sea.”
12．The microrobots are powered by ______.
A．water B．sunlight C．plastics D．pencils
13．What does the author focus on in Paragraph 2?
A．The purpose of Pumera’s project. B．The preciousness of drinking water.
C．The seriousness of plastic pollution. D．The working principle of the microrobots.
14．What shows the effectiveness of the microrobots in lab experiments?
A．The weight loss of the plastics. B．The disappearance of the plastics.
C．The shape change of the microrobots. D．The improvement in the purity of water.
15．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Ways to Obtain Cleaner Drinking Water B．Microrobots Invented to Treat Wastewater
C．New Hope for the Solution to Plastic Pollution D．Technology Widely Applied in Environment Protection
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
As is known to all, we are always consuming various foods. We have to spend large parts of our days finding, buying, cooking and eating our food. Did you ever think it might be nice to be able to make your own food like plants do? ___16___ They perform a process called photosynthesis (光合作用) using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for the plant to “eat”. The plant gives off water and oxygen.
___17___ Plants have special structures called chloroplasts (叶绿体) that animals don’t have. These structures are filled with chlorophyll, which gives leafy green plants their green color. Their main job is to absorb light from the sun. Chloroplasts can absorb every color except green. Light makes chlorophyll active. It creates an energy that separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen. ___18___ Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.
___19___ Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out. This is one good reason for protecting plant life on Earth. Many plants can produce a constant supply of oxygen for us. We need plants in order to survive.
Conservation (保护) projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants. ___20___
A．Plants are producers.
B．Chemical reactions take place.
C．Animals can’t live without water.
D．People and plants make perfect partners.
E．So how do plants do it, and why can’t we?
F．There would be too much carbon dioxide in the air.
G．Our quality of life and the fresh air we breathe depend upon our green plant partners.
第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are busy trying to make money in order to ____21____ my brother's education and mine. They don't act in the____22____ ways that I read in books or I see on TV. My father has a bad temper, and it's easy ____23____ him to lose his temper.
One day, my mother was sewing a quilt. I ____24____ sat down beside her and looked at her. “Is there love between you ____25____ Dad?” I asked her in a very low____26____. My mother stopped her work and raised her head with____27____ in her eyes. She didn't ____28____ my question immediately.Then she____29____ her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was afraid that I had hurt her_____30_____
I felt so _____31_____that I didn't know what to do. But at last I heard my mother say the following words: “Look at this thread (线). Sometimes it _____32_____ , but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and durable (耐劳的). If life is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be _____33_____ anywhere or anytime, but it's really there.”
I listened carefully but I couldn't _____34_____ until the next spring. At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. After they were back from the hospital, my mother_____35_____ him to walk slowly on the beautiful country road every morning. My father had never been so gentle. But after two months he still couldn't walk_____36_____. All of us were worried about him. "Dad, how are you feeling now?" I asked him one day.
“Susan, don't_____37_____ me,” he said gently. “To tell you the truth, I just like walking with your mom.” Reading his eyes, I know he loves my mother _____38_____. Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this_____39_____ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life. Love is inside, _____40_____ life strong and warm.
21．A．pay for B．look for C．hunt for D．search for
22．A．religious B．commercial C．joyful D．romantic
23．A．at B．from C．for D．of
24．A．quickly B．silently C．carelessly D．directly
25．A．and B．to C．but D．or
26．A．sound B．noise C．voice D．accent
27．A．light B．tears C．surprise D．anger
28．A．answer B．represent C．respect D．perform
29．A．bowed B．raised C．nodded D．shook
30．A．gratitude B．energy C．soul D．feelings
31．A．embarrassed B．capable C．grateful D．precious
32．A．hides B．appears C．links D．reaches
33．A．touched B．felt C．seen D．heard
34．A．access B．wait C．promise D．understand
35．A．asked B．helped C．told D．ordered
36．A．by herself B．by himself C．by itself D．by myself
37．A．reflect on B．be absorbed in C．worry about D．take advantage of
38．A．gradually B．deeply C．significantly D．originally
39．A．suggestion B．thought C．experience D．action
40．A．making B．made C．to make D．having made
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
____41____ the modern Olympic Games started in 1896 in Athens, Greece, there was no such thing as the Winter Olympics. ____42____(player) competed (比赛) only in the Summer Games. There were, however, the Nordic Games (北欧运动会). That was a ____43____(compete) of winter sports that took place every few years starting in 1901. But not everyone could compete: The Nordic Games were open only to athletes (运动员)____44____Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
The winter sports were popular, so in 1924 an International Winter Sports Week____45____(hold)
In Chamonix, France. Only about 250 athletes from 16 countries competed in nine sports at Chamonix. Something else____46____(be) different about these Games compared with today’s Olympics: There were only 11 female athletes at the 1924 Games,____47____competed only in figure skating (花样滑冰).
Still, the Winter Olympics were underway, adding more sports to the Games, and____48____(especial) more sports for women. Women got the chance ____49____(take) part in skiing, ice hockey (冰上曲棍球) and other sports.
Now the Games have such _____50_____ (interest) events as snowboarding and skeleton (俯式冰橇). Some of these events have changed since they have changed since they were introduced.
第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Sun Yang, a famous Chinese swimmer, is known to the world. Born in 1991, he is 1.98 meters in high and 89 kilos in weight. As swimmer, he always trains hardly. That’s why he could win two gold prize in the 2012 London Olympics, which were a great honor for our country. Although he once makes mistakes in the view of the public, but in the 2013 World Swimming Championships he made amazed achievements. Sun Yang is very brilliant that he has many fans. We should be pleased to take her as our role model.
第二节书面表达(满分25分）
52．请你根据以下材料为颜宁女士写一篇简介，作为论坛主持人的介绍词。不必涵盖所有细节，择重点即可。
前不久，在“2022深圳全球创新人才论坛（The Global Innovation Talent Forum）”上，生物学家颜宁宣布，即将辞去普林斯顿大学（Princeton University）教职，全职回国，颜宁回国的消息席卷国内各大媒体。这位“学术女神”，不但颜值出众，还学术斐然，不到30岁成为清华最年轻教授，赴美后更是成为美国两院院士（academician）。她的回国，引发大众热切关注。据悉，颜宁将出任深圳医学科学院创始院长，为全国创造全新的科研平台。
1977年11月，颜宁出生于山东省济南市。
1996年—2000年，颜宁在清华大学生物科学与技术系学习，2000年—2004年，颜宁在美国普林斯顿大学获博士学位，并从事博士后研究。
2007年，颜宁受聘清华大学医学院。任清华大学教授、博士生导师（doctoral supervisor）（成为当时清华最年轻的教授和博士生导师）
2011年8月，颜宁获国家杰出青年科学基金资助。
2017年5月7日，颜宁受聘为普林斯顿大学分子生物学系（Department of Molecular Biology）终身教授的职位；
2022年11月1日，宣布即将辞去普林斯顿大学教职，到深圳创立医学科学院。出任深圳医学科学院创始院长（Founding President）。
参考答案
1．C 2．C 3．B
这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四本书的价格，页数，书的内容和推荐理由。
1．细节理解题。根据四本书所提供的页数可知，Ivy and Bean Make the Rules Number of pages: 127；White Fur Flying Number of pages: 128 ；Stick Dog Number of pages: 192和Gingersnap Number of pages: 160可知，Stick Dog这本书有192页，是四本书中页数最多的。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据White Fur Flying 中She saves great pyrenees dogs(大白熊犬)…可知，她救了了不起的大白熊犬。由此可知，White Fur Flying 是一本关于拯救狗的书。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据 Ivy and Bean Make the Rules的价格Price: $ 14.9 和Gingersnap 的价格Price: $ 15.9 可知，如果汤姆买这两本书，需支付：$ 14.9+$ 15.9=$30.8。故选B。
4．C 5．A 6．A 7．D
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“an undersea volcanic eruption so powerful that the tsunami which it set off stirred ocean waters halfway across the globe (海底火山爆发的威力如此之大，以至于它引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)”可知，火山搅动了约50%的海水，故选C。
5．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“the nation of about 100,000 people remained largely cut off from the rest of the world (这个约有10万人口的国家在很大程度上仍然与世界其他地区隔绝)”以及下文“by the volcano (被火山)”可推知，此处指这个国家与世界其他地区基本隔绝了，所以其海底互联网电缆因火山爆发而中断，因此划线的短语“out of commission”意思是“不能使用的”，A项“out of action (不能工作、无法运转)”与画线短语意思相近。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的“But with heavy concentrations of airborne ash making flights impossible, just like the Iceland volcano eruption in 2021, it was difficult even to know what was needed. (但由于空气中火山灰浓度很高，飞行变得不可能，就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，甚至很难知道需要什么)”可推知，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致了附近航班延误。故选A。
7．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. (2022年1月14日星期五，2000公里外的新西兰和3300公里外的澳大利亚都听到了爆炸声)”以及倒数第二段“New Zealand and other nations in the region pledged to give Tonga aid to recover. (新西兰和该地区其他国家承诺向汤加提供恢复援助)”可推知，本文主要报道了汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝，所以最有可能摘自报纸的国际新闻版面。故选D。
8．C 9．C 10．D 11．D
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了利用VR耳机，可以让自闭症儿童适应新的环境和地方，并阐述了VR耳机的操作原理。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Priors Court is a school in Berkshire, southern England for children with autism (自闭症). It cares for around 95 young people with more severe signs of autism. Some cannot speak or communicate their needs.”（Priors Court是英格兰南部伯克希尔的一所自闭症儿童学校。它照顾大约95名有更严重自闭症症状的年轻人。有些人不能说话或表达自己的需求。）可知，Priors Court的孩子都是有严重症状的自闭症儿童，他们不能说话或表达自己的需求，由此可知，Priors Court的孩子们或多或少有语言障碍。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“People with autism may find it hard to deal with places and situations they have not experienced before. VR headsets make the wearer feel like they are in a different place. For example, someone wearing a VR headset can have a 360-degree view of a place as they turn around. With video, they can even hear the sounds of the place.”（自闭症患者可能会发现很难适应他们以前从未经历过的地方和环境。VR耳机让佩戴者感觉自己身处不同的地方。例如，戴着VR耳机的人在转身时可以360度看到一个地方。通过视频，他们甚至可以听到这个地方的声音。）可知，自闭症患者很难适应新的地方，VR耳机让佩戴者感觉自己身处不同的地方，为他们提供更多虚拟场景，并能展示这个场景的声音，由此可知，VR耳机能为自闭症儿童提供更多虚拟场景。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“The charity is also hoping data can help. They are trying a new data collection system. The system, called Prior Insight, puts together information about each young person’s day: what they have eaten, how much sleep and exercise they have had and all their activities.”（该慈善机构也希望数据能有所帮助。他们正在尝试一种新的数据收集系统。这个名为Previous Insight的系统将每个年轻人一天的信息汇总在一起：他们吃了什么、睡了多少觉、做了多少运动以及他们所有的活动。）可知，Previous Insight是一种新的数据收集系统，它主要用于收集年轻人一天的行为数据，由此可知，Previous Insight通过收集日常行为数据来开展工作。故选D项。
11．主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段关键句“The school set up a project aimed at finding a new use for virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) headsets, to help those autistic children become familiar with alien places and feel safe there.”（学校设立了一个项目，旨在寻找VR耳机的新用途，帮助自闭症儿童熟悉陌生的地方，并在那里感到安全。）可知，本文主要讲述了利用VR耳机，可以让自闭症儿童适应新的环境和地方，并阐述了VR耳机是如何起作用的，“VR Takes Autistic Children to New Places”意为“VR将自闭症儿童带到新的地方”，能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。
12．B 13．C 14．A 15．C
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil.（他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它不比削尖的铅笔尖大）”和第三句话“When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction.（当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，使它们向特定方向推动它们穿过水）”可知，微型机器人是由阳光提供动力。A. water水；B. sunlight阳光；C. plastics塑料；D. pencils铅笔。故选B项。
13．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句话和最后一句话“Some studies estimate that billions of pieces of plastic end up in the world’s waters. The plastic has many sources, from shopping bags to washing and cleaning wipes.（一些研究估计，数十亿塑料最终进入世界水域。塑料有许多来源，从购物袋到洗涤和清洁湿巾）”可知，微塑料分布广泛，甚至出现在饮用水当中。C项“塑料污染的严重性”符合题意。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句话“And after a week exposed to light, the robots had reduced the weight of the plastics（并且在暴露于光线一周后，机器人减轻了塑料的重量。）”和第四句话“But that was an indication that they were breaking the plastic down.（但这表明它们正在分解塑料）”可知，A项“塑料的重量损失”符合题意。故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“To tackle the problem of tiny plastics polluting waterways, chemists in the Czech Republic are thinking small. Their brainchild is a new microrobot which is no bigger than the tip of a sharpened pencil. When sunlight hits them, they produce chemical reactions that push them through water in a specific direction. When they find a piece of plastic, they stick to it and start to break it down.”（为了解决微小塑料污染水道的问题，捷克共和国的化学家们从小事做起。 他们的创意是一个新的微型机器人，它还没有削尖的铅笔尖那么大。 当阳光照射到它们时，它们会产生化学反应，推动它们在水中朝特定的方向移动。 当它们发现一块塑料时，就会粘在上面，并开始分解它）可知文章主要介绍了捷克科学家为了应对日渐严重的微塑料污染问题发明的微型机器人。C项“解决塑料污染的新希望”符合题意。故选C项。
16．A 17．E 18．B 19．D 20．G
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类和植物是非常完美的合作者，人类所呼吸的新鲜空气依赖于植物，所以我们要保护自然资源，包括各种各样的植物。
16．下文“They perform a process called photosynthesis using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for the plant to “eat”. (它们利用太阳光、水和二氧化碳进行一种叫做光合作用的过程。这种化学反应的最终结果是植物“吃”的糖)”说明植物可以自己生产可用的糖分，A项“植物是生产者。”引出下文，符合题意。故选A。
17．下文“Plants have special structures called chloroplasts that animals don’t have.(植物有一种叫做叶绿体的特殊结构，而动物没有这种结构)”说明植物有叶绿体这一特殊结构，E项“那么植物是如何做到的，为什么我们不能呢？”提出问题，引出下文的回答。故选E。
18．下文“Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.(水中的氢与我们呼出的二氧化碳中的碳结合。氧气被送到空气中)”说明产生了化学反应，B项“发生化学反应。”引出下文，符合题意。故选B。
19．下文“Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out.(植物依赖我们呼出的二氧化碳，我们依赖它们“呼出”的氧气)”说明人类与植物互相依赖，D项“人和植物是完美的搭档。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。
20．上文“Conservation projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants.(全球各地的保护项目旨在保护我们的自然资源，包括许多植物物种)”说明要保护自然资源，包括各种各样的植物，G项“我们的生活质量和呼吸的新鲜空气取决于我们的绿色植物伙伴。”解释保护植物的原因，符合题意。故选G。
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．B 25．A 26．C 27．C 28．A 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．A
本文为一篇记叙文。作者认为爱是浪漫的，觉得自己的父母之间缺少爱。一次作者询问母亲这个问题，母亲告诉作者，爱就像被子里的一条线，虽然大部分时间看不见，却一直在那里，使生活变得坚强、温暖。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们每天都忙着挣钱供我和哥哥上学。A. pay for为……支付；B. look for寻找；C. hunt for搜寻；D. search for搜索。根据“my brother's education and mine”可知，父母每天忙于挣钱用于支付教育费用。故选A项。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的行为不像我在书中读到的或在电视上看到的那样浪漫。A. religious宗教的；B. commercial商业的；C. joyful欢乐的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据“that I read in books or I see on TV”可知，作者认为父母之间表达爱意的方式与自己之前在书本及电视上看到的浪漫的方式不一样。故选D项。
23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸脾气很坏，他很容易发脾气。A. at在；B. from从；C. for对，为了；D. of属于……的。本句为固定句型it’s+adj+for+sb.+to do sth.，意思为：对某人来说做某事是……的。故选C项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我安静地坐在她旁边看着她。A. quickly快速地；B. silently无声地；C. carelessly粗心地；C. directly直接地。根据“One day, my mother was sewing a quilt.”可知，妈妈在缝被子，作者应该安静地坐在她的旁边。故选B项。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我低声问她：“你和爸爸之间有爱吗？”A. and和；B. to向，朝；C. but但是；D. or或者。between…and…为固定搭配，表示：在……和……之间。故选A项。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sound声音；B. noise噪音；C. voice嗓音；D. accent口音。根据“asked her”可知，此处表示用较低的嗓音问妈妈。故选C项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：母亲停下手里的活，抬起头，眼里满是惊讶。A. light灯；B. tears眼泪；C. surprise惊讶；D. anger愤怒。根据“My mother stopped her work”可以推测，妈妈听到作者的话感到很惊讶，停下了手上的活儿。故选C项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有立即回答我的问题。A. answer回答；B. represent代表；C. respect尊敬；D. perform表演。根据“She didn't ___8___ my question immediately.”可知，母亲没有立即回答作者的问题。故选A项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后她低下头，继续缝被子。A. bowed低下（头）；B. raised举起；C. nodded点头；D. shook摇晃。根据“continued to sew the quilt”可知，妈妈低下了头。故选A项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我怕我伤害了她的感情。A. gratitude感激；B. energy能量；C. soul灵魂；D. feelings感情。根据句意可知，妈妈没有回答问题，只是继续低下头缝被子，作者害怕伤害了她的感情。故选D项。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很尴尬，不知道该怎么办。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. capable有能力的；C. grateful感激的；D. precious珍贵的。根据“I didn't know what to do”可知，作者是尴尬的。故选A项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时它会出现，但大多数时候，它会消失在被子里。A. hides躲藏；B. appears出现；C. links联系；D. reaches到达。根据“but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt”可知，妈妈表示，有时候，线会出现，但大部分时间，它会消失在被子里。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你不可能随时随地看到它，但它却实实在在地存在着。A. touched触摸；B. felt感觉；C. seen看；D. heard听见。根据“Sometimes it ____ 12____ , but most of the time, it disappears in the quilt.”可知，线大部分时间都是在被子里的，因此，不能随时随地看见它。故选C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仔细听着，但直到第二年春天我才明白。A. access到达，进入；B. wait等；C. promise承诺；D. understand理解。问句下一段“I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.”可知，作者到第二年春天才理解妈妈话里的意思。故选D项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们从医院回来后，我的母亲每天早上帮助他在美丽的乡村道路上慢慢地走。A. asked问；B. helped帮助；C. told告诉；D. ordered命令。根据“At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously.”可知，爸爸生病了，妈妈帮助爸爸走路。故选B项。
36．考查代词词义辨析。句意：但两个月后，他仍然不能自己走路。A. by herself她自己；B. by himself他自己；C. by itself它自己；D. by myself我自己。根据本句主语“he”可知，此处的反身代词表示“他自己”。故选B项。
37．考查短语辨析。句意：他温柔地说：“苏珊，不要担心我。”A. reflect on仔细思考；B. be absorbed in专心于；C. worry about担心；D. take advantage of利用。根据上一段“All of us were worried about him.”可知，爸爸让作者不要担心他。故选C项。
38．考查副词词义辨析。 句意：从他的眼神中，我看得出他对母亲的爱很深。A. gradually逐渐地；B. deeply深刻地；C. significantly显著地；D. originally原始的。根据“Reading his eyes”可知，作者从爸爸的眼神中感受到了他对妈妈深深的爱。故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但从这次经历中，我明白了，爱就像生活中被子里的一根线。A. suggestion建议；B. thought想法；C. experience经历；D. action行动。根据文章故事内容可知，作者从这次经历中明白了，爱可以是深藏起来的。故选C项。
40．考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：爱就在里面，使生活变得坚强而温暖。空格处作句子的状语，“love”与“make”为逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词。故选A项。
41．When 42．Players 43．competition 44．from 45．was held 46．was 47．who 48．especially 49．to take 50．interesting
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冬季运动会的发展。
41．考查时间状语从句引导词。句意：当现代奥林匹克运动会于1896年在希腊雅典举行时，还没有冬季奥林匹克运动会。结合句意可知，空处应使用when引导时间状语从句，表达“当......”之意。句子首字母大写。故填When。
42．考查名词。句意：运动员只参加夏季奥运会。分析句子可知，空处应使用可数名词复数，表泛指。句子首字母大写。故填Players。
43．考查名词。句意：那是一场从1901年开始每隔几年举行一次的冬季运动比赛。根据空前的a可知，空处应使用可数名词单数competition，表达“比赛”之意。故填competition。
44．考查介词。句意：但不是每个人都能参加：北欧运动会只对丹麦、芬兰、挪威和瑞典的运动员开放。结合句意，空处应使用介词from，表达“来自（某个国家）”之意。故填from。
45．考查时态和语态。句意：冬季运动很受欢迎，所以1924年在夏蒙尼举办了国际冬季运动周。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般过去时。由于hold与主语an International Winter Sports Week之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填was held。
46．考查系动词。句意：与今天的奥运会相比，这届奥运会还有一些不同之处：在1924年的奥运会上，只有11名女运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛。描述发生在过去的事情，句子应使用一般过去时。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数，其后be动词用was。故填was。
47．考查定语从句。句意：与今天的奥运会相比，这届奥运会还有一些不同之处：在1924年的奥运会上，只有11名女运动员参加了花样滑冰比赛。分析句子可知，空处应使用who引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代先行词11 female athletes（指人），that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填who。
48．考查副词。句意：尽管如此，冬季奥运会仍在进行中，奥运会增加了更多的运动项目，尤其是女性运动项目。分析句子可知，空后处应使用副词修饰整个句子，作状语。故填especially。
49．考查不定式。句意：妇女有机会参加滑雪、冰球和其他运动。分析句子可知，空处应使用不定式作定语。故填to take。
50．考查形容词。句意：现在奥运会有诸如滑雪和俯式冰橇等有趣的项目。结合句意可知，空处应使用形容词interesting，表达“有趣的”之意，作定语。故填interesting。
51．1. high→height；2.在As和swimmer之间加a；3.hardly→hard；4.prize→prizes；5.were→was；6.makes→made；7.去掉in前面的but；8.amazed→amazing；9.very→so；10.her→him。
这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍中国著名游泳运动员孙杨。
1.考查名词。句意：他出生于1991年，身高1.98米，体重89公斤。根据下文and 89 kilos in weight可知，此处使用in height“高度，在高度上”。故high改为height。
2.考查不定冠词。句意：作为一名游泳运动员，他总是努力训练。此处泛指“一名游泳运动员”，应用不定冠词，swimmer是以辅音音素开头的词，应使用a。故在As和swimmer之间加a。
3.考查副词。句意：作为一名游泳运动员，他总是努力训练。根据句意可知，此处指“他总是努力训练”， hard“努力地”，hardly “几乎不”不符合句意。故hardly改为hard。
4.考查名词复数。句意：这就是为什么他能在2012年伦敦奥运会上赢得两枚金牌，这是我们国家的巨大荣誉。根据two可知，后面的名词是复数形式。故prize改为prizes。
5.考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么他能在2012年伦敦奥运会上赢得两枚金牌，这是我们国家的巨大荣誉。关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中做主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故were改为was。
6.考查一般过去时。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。根据once“曾经”可知，句子用一般过去时。故makes改为made。
7.考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。although引导的让步状语从句不能再用并列连词but/and/or。故去掉in前面的but。
8.考查形容词。句意：尽管他曾在公众的眼中犯过错误，但在2013年世界游泳锦标赛上，他取得了惊人的成绩。amazing“令人惊讶的”，常修饰物；amazed“感到惊讶的”，常修饰人的感情；此处修饰achievements，意为“令人惊讶的成绩”，应使用-ing结尾形容词。故把amazed改为amazing。
9.考查固定句型。句意：孙杨如此的杰出以致于他有很多粉丝。此处是固定句型：so…that…“如此……以致于……”。故very改为so。
10.考查人称代词。句意：我们应该乐于以他为榜样。根据第一句中Sun Yang, a famous Chinese swimmer,可知，孙杨是一名男游泳选手。故her改为him。
【点睛】such…that…与so…that…的区别如下：
1、连接的从句不同。such…that…作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句，与so…that…意思相同，但用法不同。
例如：The effect on our blood chemistry is such that it produces physical changes in our entire body. 对我们血液化学的影响是它在我们整个身体中产生物理变化。
2、接的词性不同。so…that…这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。
例如：They may be able to help with childcare so that you can have a break .他们也许能帮助你照看孩子，这样你就可以休息了。
3、后面的名词修饰词不同。如果such后边的名词是由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰的话，则不用such，而使用so。
例如：In a time when there are many dire predictions going around, you can offset them by concentrating on all that is positive such as the many beneficial changes that are about tomanifest. 在存在许多可怕的预测的时候，你可以通过关注所有积极的事情来抵消它们，比如关于tomanifest的许多有益的改变。
52． Yan Ning, born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. In 2007, Yan Ning was hired by the Medical College of Tsinghua University and became the youngest professor and doctoral supervisor of Tsinghua University after receiving a doctorate degree from Princeton University in the United States in 2004. On May 7, 2017, Yan Ning was employed as a tenured professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of Princeton University. And on November 1, 2022, it was announced that she would quit her teaching job at Princeton University and found the Academy of Medical Sciences in Shenzhen as the founding president of Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences.
本文是一篇应用文写作，现要求考生为颜宁女士写一篇简介作为论坛主持人的介绍词。其内容主要是颜宁人生中一些重要的学习成就和任职陈述等。
1.词汇积累
雇佣：hire→employ
辞掉：quit→resign
职位：job→position
建立：found→establish
2.句式拓展简
简单句变复合句
原句：Yan Ning, born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000.
拓展句：Yan Ning, who was born in November 1977 in Jinan, Shandong Province, studied in the Department of Biological Science and Technology of Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 On May 7, 2017, Yan Ning was employed as a tenured professor in the Department of Molecular Biology of Princeton University. (运用了被动语态)
【高分句型2】And on November 1, 2022, it was announced that she would quit her teaching job at Princeton University and found the Academy of Medical Sciences in Shenzhen as the founding president of Shenzhen Academy of Medical Sciences. (运用了that引导的主语从句)
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