2021-2022学年福建省宁德第一中学高一上学期第二次月考英语试题含解析

这是一份2021-2022学年福建省宁德第一中学高一上学期第二次月考英语试题含解析，共29页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 宁德一中2021级高一第2次月考
英语试题
(满分：150分; 时间：120分钟)
★祝大家考试顺利★
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What can the woman have?
A. Fruit. B. Vegetables. C. Coffee.
2. What does the man suggest doing
A. Keeping an eye on the weather.
B. Climbing Mount Tai today.
C. Leaving early tomorrow morning.
3. How long will the woman have to wait?
A. Five more minutes. B. Ten more minutes. C. Fifteen more minutes.
4. What does the woman think of the man’s leaving?
A. She is annoyed. B. She is excited. C. She is understanding.
5. What do we know about the woman?
A. She loves music.
B. She just found a backpack.
C. She always has a dictionary with her.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. Where does the man meet the woman?
A. At the airport. B. At a hotel. C. At a travel agency.
7. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Pick her up. B. Take her bags. C. Book a flight for her.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why did the man take the day off today?
A. He was too tired. B. He wanted to look at cars. C. He worked last Sunday.
9. What did the man actually do last Sunday?
A. He was looking at cars. B. He was in meetings. C. He was walking around.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the woman think the first cloud looks like?
A. A bear. B. A cat. C. A dog.
11. Where is the car.
A. By a tree. B. Behind a hill. C. Near a gas station.
12. Where will the speakers go next?
A. To the man’s house. B. To a book shop. C. To a gas station.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man think of social media?
A. He likes posting photos.
B. He likes getting comments.
C. He likes keeping in touch with people.
14. Which social media account does the man have?
A. Facebook. B. Telegram. C. Twitter.
15. What does the woman post to social media?
A. Her writing. B. Photos of herself. C. Links she finds interesting.
16. How old is the man?
A. 30. B. 29. C.15.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Which event might surprise fans of Kareem Abdul-Jabbar?
A. He knew Bruce Lee. B. He was trained in Kung Fu. C. He has written for newspaper.
18. What is The Game of Death in the talk?
A. A TV show. B. A magazine. C. A movie.
19. How many novels has Kareem Abdul-Jabbar written?
A. 4. B. 11. C. 20.
20. What will Kareem Abdul-Jabbar mainly talk about?
A. His latest book. B. His basketball career. C. His writing for Time magazine.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共11题;每小题2.5分，27.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
What inventions have had the greatest impact on the way we live? Most people would mention the wheel, the printing press, the internet, and so on. But pause for a moment and consider the following four contenders.
Standard time
Time has always existed, but “standard time” hasn’t. Imagine the world today if our clocks weren’t synchronized. In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town. This meant that a train could arrive in one town before it had officially left the previous one! Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.
The light bulb
When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match.” Now, perhaps more than any other object in our lives, we take it for granted. Light bulbs light up our cities and roads at night, they have led to more flexible working hours and they enable us to do much more with our free time. Imagine your evenings without electric lights!
Algorithms
An algorithm is defined as “the steps that you follow to solve a problem or reach an answer.” The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi. Algorithms started to make a big impact in the 20th century. They are central to how computers process information and they decide everything from the search results you see when you Google a word, to the time you wait at traffic lights. In fact, you could argue that we are living in the age of the algorithm. It’s a shame so few of us understand them!
Shipping containers
First used in the 1950s, shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times. They have made globalization possible. Before shipping containers, goods were loaded and unloaded by hand. Each package had to be carried onto the ship, tied down with ropes and then untied and carried out at the other hand. Just unloading a single ship could take 20 men a week, making goods from abroad very expensive. Nowadays, three people operating three cranes can unload a ship in about ten hours. The largest modern ships are four football fields long and can carry almost 15,000 containers. This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.
1. The word “synchronized” (in paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________.”
A. made to show standardized time B. made to adapt to the local time
C. made to indicate the local time accurately D. made to ensure that trains arrive on time
2. Which of the following items makes it possible for us to buy imported goods at a low price?
A. Standard time. B. The light bulb. C. Algorithms. D. Shipping containers.
3. If we are to put the items from earliest to latest according to when they first appeared, the correct order should be________.
A. the light bulb, shipping containers, algorithms, standard time
B. algorithms, the light bulb, standard time, shipping containers
C. shipping containers standard time. the light bulb, algorithms
D. standard time, algorithms, shipping containers, the light bulb
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个对我们当今生活有极大改变的发明创造。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词前句“Time has always existed, but “standard time” hasn’t.”（时间一直存在，但“标准时间”却不是的）以及后句“In the 18th and 19th centuries, towns around the world used their own local time, which was different from town to town.”（在18世纪和19世纪，世界各地的城镇都使用各自的当地时间，不同的城镇使用不同的当地时间）可知，文章通过前句说明标准时间不是天然存在的；后句通过实例说明在制定标准时间之前，世界各地都使用自己的时间，并不是全球统一标准的。所以，此处synchronized应该意指“同步的，统一的”。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“This has made shipping costs low, which has resulted in cheaper goods all over the world and has affected all our lives dramatically.”（这使得运输成本很低，导致世界各地的商品更便宜，并极大地影响了我们所有人的生活）可知，集装箱运输的出现使得人们可以以较低的价格购买进口商品。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The first algorithms date back almost 4,000 years to the Babylonians, but the word itself comes from the 9th century Persian mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi.”（最早的算法可以追溯到4000年前的巴比伦人，但是这个词本身来自9世纪的波斯数学家Al-Khwarizmi）；第三段“When the electric light bulb first appeared in the 19th century, it came with a warning sign to be placed on the wall next to the bulb: “Do not attempt to light with a match.””（电灯泡在19世纪首次出现时，它旁边墙上有一个警告标志：“不要试图用火柴点亮这个灯”）；第二段“Time zones across the world were only standardized at the beginning of the 20th century, enabling international air travel and global business to take place.”（直到20世纪初，世界各地的时区才得以标准化，使得国际航空旅行和全球商务得以开展）以及最后一段“First used in the 1950s，shipping containers are, in many ways, the symbol of our times.”（集装箱首次使用于20世纪50年代，在很多方面都是我们这个时代的象征）可知，这些发明创造出现的顺序依次是算术，灯泡，标准时间和集装箱。故选B项。
B
Convincing someone to change their mind is really the process of convincing them to change their tribe (部落). If they abandon their beliefs, they run the risk of losing social ties. You can’t expect someone to change their mind if you take away their community too.
The way to change people’s minds is to become friends with them, to combine them into your tribe, to bring them into your circle. Now, they can change their beliefs without the risk of being abandoned socially.
The British philosopher Alain de Botton suggests that we simply share meals with those who disagree with us: “Sitting down at a table with a group of strangers has the incomparable and odd benefit of making it a little more difficult to hate them without punishment. Prejudice and conflict between groups of people from different nations or races feed off abstraction. However, during a meal, something about handing dishes around, unfolding napkins (餐巾纸) at the same moment, even asking a stranger to pass the salt makes us less likely to hold the belief that the outsiders who wear unusual clothes and speak in distinctive accents deserve to be sent home or attacked. For all the large-scale political solutions which have been proposed to ease racial or cultural conflict, there are few more effective ways to promote tolerance between suspicious neighbours than to force them to eat supper together.”
Perhaps it is not difference, but distance that produces tribalism and unfriendliness. As proximity increases, so does understanding. I am reminded of Abraham Lincoln’s quote, “I don’t like that man. I must get to know him better.” Facts don’t change our minds. Friendship does.
The Japanese writer Haruki Murakami once wrote, “Always remember that to argue, and win, is to break down the reality of the person you are arguing against. It is painful to lose your reality, so be kind, even if you are right.”
When we are in the moment, we can easily forget that the goal is to connect with the other side, cooperate with them, befriend them, and integrate them into our tribe. We are so caught up in winning that we forget about connecting. It’s easy to spend your energy labeling people rather than working with them.
The word “kind (family and relatives)” originated from the word “kin (old fashion of family and relatives).” When you are kind to someone, it means you are treating them like family. This, I think, is a good method for actually changing someone’s mind. Develop a friendship. Share a meal. Gift a book. Be kind first, be right later.
4. People are likely to change their mind when they ________.
A. change their beliefs B. are made friends with
C. move to a new community D. are given somewhere to go
5. According to the passage, sharing meals is effective in building connections because it ________.
A. pleases people with different beliefs or accents
B. makes people focus on eating rather than conflicts
C. brings benefits to the people having dinner together
D. promotes understanding and tolerance among people
6. What does the underlined word “proximity” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Nearness. B. Action. C. Communication. D. Politeness.
7. The author quotes from Haruki Murakami to imply(暗示） that ________.
A. breaking down one’s reality is easy
B. kindness is more important than right
C arguing and winning are not important
D. losing one’s identity is a painful process
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。改变别人想法并不容易，其方法就是和他们成为朋友。距离产生隔阂，共同进餐更能促进了人们之间的理解和宽容。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The way to change people’s minds is to become friends with them, to combine them into your tribe, to bring them into your circle.(改变别人想法的方法就是和他们成为朋友，把他们融入你的部落，把他们带入你的圈子)”可知，只有成为朋友之后，人们才有可能改变想法。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However, during a meal, something about handing dishes around, unfolding napkins (餐巾纸) at the same moment, even asking a stranger to pass the salt makes us less likely to hold the belief that the outsiders who wear unusual clothes and speak in distinctive accents deserve to be sent home or attacked.(然而，在吃饭时，分发盘子，同时打开餐巾纸，甚至请陌生人递盐的做法，会让我们不太可能认为，穿着不寻常的衣服，说话有独特口音的外人应该被送回家或袭击)”和最后一段“This, I think, is a good method for actually changing someone’s mind. Develop a friendship. Share a meal. Gift a book. Be kind first, be right later. (我认为，这是一个真正改变别人想法的好方法。建立友谊。分享一顿饭。赠送一本书。先善良，后正确)”可推断，分享食物对于建立联系是有效的，因为它促进了人们之间的理解和宽容。故选D。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Perhaps it is not difference, but distance that produces tribalism and unfriendliness. (也许并不是差异，而是距离造成了部落主义和不友好。)”和“I am reminded of Abraham Lincoln’s quote, “I don’t like that man. I must get to know him better.”(我想起亚伯拉罕·林肯的名言，“我不喜欢那个人。我必须更好地了解他。”)”可知，距离造成了隔阂，只有接近增加，理解才能增加。从而猜测proximity为“接近”之意。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The Japanese writer Haruki Murakami once wrote, “Always remember that to argue, and win, is to break down the reality of the person you are arguing against. It is painful to lose your reality, so be kind, even if you are right.” (日本作家村上春树曾写道：“永远记住，要想辩论并取得胜利，就必须打破你所反对的人的现实。失去现实是痛苦的，所以要善良，即使你是对的。”)”可推断，作者引用了村上春树的话来暗示善良比正确更重要。故选B。
C
If you were a superhero, what would your superpower be? Would you want to fly or be invisible? Or, perhaps, you’d rather have the power to read minds? Wouldn’t that be cool?
Reading minds is not as far-fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer-without anyone else hearing.
The device, called AlterEgo, allows a person to control a computer and ask it questions without ever saying one word. When the individual wearing the device thinks of a word or a phrase but does not speak it, AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular (神经肌肉) signals in that person’s jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programmed to associate them with specific words.
The device is fairly accurate. Inal0-person trial, AlterEgo had a92percent transcription (转录) accuracy. Researchers say that number will increase over time. “Our idea was: Could we have a computing platform that’s more internal, that combines human and machine in some ways and that feels like an internal extension of our own thoughts?” Arnav Kapur, a graduate student at the MIT Media Lab said.
So what effect could this have on communication? AlterEgo can change the way humans interact with computers, allowing us to silently connect with AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant or Apple’s Siri without anyone knowing. If a person is having a conversation and wants to look up a bit of information, they don’t have to take out their digital device; instead they can just think of the question. AlterEgo will answer without interrupting the conversation. The device can also help people communicate in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor in the airport.
8 Why are the questions raised in paragraph 1?
A. To ask readers for their opinions. B. To introduce the topic of the passage.
C. To inspire readers’ imagination. D. To show the author’s curiosity.
9. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The questions. B. The computers. C. The signals. D. The words.
10. What influence will AlterEgo have on people’s communication?
A. People can apply AI assistants skillfully.
B. People will make good mind-readers.
C. People no longer need mobile phones.
D. People can communicate more smoothly.
11. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text’?
A. AlterEgo Frees People of Thinking. B. Wearable Device Controls Computer.
C. Silent Reader of Your Mind Comes True. D. Communication Is Easy with AI Assistants.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院的研究人员开发出了一种可穿戴设备AlterEgo，它能够真实地表达一个人的想法，并允许他们与计算机对话，而不会被其他人听到；同时介绍了AlterEgo工作原理和对人类交流的影响。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“If you were a superhero, what would your superpower be? Would you want to fly or be invisible? Or, perhaps, you’d rather have the power to read minds? Wouldn’t that be cool? (如果你是超级英雄，你的超能力是什么？你想飞翔还是隐身？或者，也许，你更愿意拥有读心的能力？那不是很酷吗？)”和第二段“Reading minds is not as far-fetched as you might think. In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer-without anyone else hearing. (读心术并不像你想象的那么牵强。事实上，麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种可穿戴设备，它可以真实地表达一个人的想法，并允许他们在没有其他人听到的情况下与计算机交谈)”可知，第一段内容导入文章关于“读心设备”的主题，引出下文。故选B项。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段中的“When the individual wearing the device thinks of a word or a phrase but does not speak it, AlterEgo picks up the neuromuscular (神经肌肉) signals in that person’s jaw and face. AlterEgo sends those signals to a computer, which is programmed to associate them with specific words. (当佩戴该设备的人想到一个单词或短语但不说时，AlterEgo会在该人的下巴和脸上拾取神经肌肉信号。AlterEgo将这些信号发送到计算机，计算机通过编程将them与特定的单词相关联)”可知，AlterEgo通过拾取神经肌肉信号并将其发送到计算机，计算机通过编程将这些信号与特定的单词相关联，所以划线词them指代的是上文“信号（The signals）”。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中的“AlterEgo can change the way humans interact with computers, allowing us to silently connect with AI assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa, Google’s Assistant or Apple’s Siri without anyone knowing. If a person is having a conversation and wants to look up a bit of information, they don’t have to take out their digital device; instead they can just think of the question. AlterEgo will answer without interrupting the conversation. The device can also help people communicate in noisy situations, such as on a factory floor in the airport. (AlterEgo可以改变人类与计算机交互的方式，使我们能够在无人知晓的情况下与人工智能助手，如亚马逊的Alexa、谷歌的助手或苹果的Siri，进行无声连接。如果一个人正在交谈，想查找一些信息，他们不必拿出数字设备；相反，他们可以只考虑这个问题。AlterEgo将在不中断对话的情况下回答。该设备还可以帮助人们在嘈杂的环境中进行交流，例如在机场的工厂地板上)”可知，AlterEgo可以使人们不需要说话就可以彼此交流，还帮助人们在嘈杂的环境中进行交流，可得出AlterEgo会对人们的交流产生的影响是使人们可以更顺畅地交流。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段中的“In fact, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have developed a wearable device that can actually express a person’s thoughts and allow them to talk to a computer-without anyone else hearing. (事实上，麻省理工学院的研究人员已经开发出一种可穿戴设备，它可以真实地表达一个人的想法，并允许他们在没有其他人听到的情况下与计算机交谈)”和下文关于“读心设备AlterEgo的工作原理和对人类交流的影响”介绍可知，文章主要介绍了读心设备AlterEgo使人们不需要说话就可以彼此交流，真实地表达一个人的想法，C项“无声的读心术成真了”符合文意。故选C项。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Several studies suggest there are some very good reasons to think about ways to be kind and friendly plan out that type of behavior. ____12____ Researchers also say kindness played an important part in how humans developed. In other words, they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind.
Oliver Curry is the research director at Kindlab, a non-profit organization. ____13____ Curry claims that “kindness is much older than religion.” “The basic reason why people are kind is that we are social animals.” he explained.
____14____ University of London psychologist Anat Bardi studies value systems in people. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values - such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, and seeking social justice. When asked to pick the most important, kindness won.
But research shows that our bodies can also reward us for being kind. University of California Riverside psychology professor Sonja has tested this idea in many experiments over the past 20 years. In one experiment, she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week. She asked a different group to do three acts of self-kindness. ____15____ The people who were kind toothers reported feeling happier and more connected to the world.
____16____ Sonja studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation (发炎) in their bodies.
A. Other research has shown that many people prize kindness over other values.
B. Research shows that kindness can be good for many species
C. These acts could be small, like opening a door for someone.
D. Its goal is to educate and urge people to choose kindness.
E. Research shows that acts of kindness can improve our health.
F. But it is not just emotional but also physical.
G. That is why we help strangers in need.
【答案】12. E 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了善良的重要作用。
【12题详解】
根据下文“Researchers also say kindness played an important part in how humans developed.(研究人员还表示，善良在人类的发展过程中起着重要作用)”可知，选项与下文为并列关系来说明善良的益处是什么。Research呼应Researchers，improve our health呼应played an important part。故E选项“研究表明，善举可以改善我们的健康”切题。故选E项。
【13题详解】
根据上文“Oliver Curry is the research director at Kindlab, a non-profit organization. (奥利弗·库里是非营利组织金实验室的研究主任)”可知，选项承接上文说明非营利组织的目标是什么。故D选项“它的目标是教育和鼓励人们选择善良”切题。故选D项。
【14题详解】
根据下文“University of London psychologist Anat Bardi studies value systems in people. In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition, tradition, security, and seeking social justice. When asked to pick the most important, kindness won.(伦敦大学心理学家Anat Bardi研究人们的价值体系。在一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观——比如善良、创造力、雄心、传统、安全感和寻求社会公正。当被要求挑选最重要的时，善良赢得了胜利)”可知，选项在说明善良胜过其他价值观。prize kindness over other values呼应kindness won。故A选项“其他研究表明，许多人看重善良胜过其他价值观”切题。故选A项。
【15题详解】
根据上文“In one experiment, she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week. She asked a different group to do three acts of self-kindness.(在一个实验中，她要求人们每周为其他人做三件善事。她要求另一组人做三件自我友善的事)”可知，选项承接上文举例说明这些事都不是大的行为而是小的行为。故C选项“这些行为可能很小，比如为某人开门”切题。故选C项。
【16题详解】
根据上文可知，上文在说明善良事在情感上益处。根据下文“Sonja studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化). She found that they felt better physically when helping others. Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation (发炎) in their bodies.(Sonja研究了一组患有多发性硬化症的人。她发现他们在帮助别人时身体感觉更好。她的研究还表明，做更多善事的人体内的炎症较少)”可知，选项承上启下，physical呼应physically以及“in their bodies.”。故F选项“但这不仅是情感上的，也是身体上的”切题。故选F项。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“Long time no see.” is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend’s email. I laughed. I thought it was a typical example of Chinglish.
Obviously it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a ____17____ English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American ____18____ . I was too thrilled to believe her. Her words could not convince me at all. So I did a ____19____ on google. com. To my surprise, I found there were over 40 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see.” This sentence has been ____20____ used in emails, letters, newspapers, movies, or any other possible place. Though it is ____21____ informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. ____22____ , if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the ____23____ will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.
Nobody knows the ____24____ of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies. In 1930s, Hollywood moviemaker successfully ____25____ a worldwide famous Chinese detective named “Charlie Chan” on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting(引用)Confucius. “Long time no see.” was his trademark. Soon “Long time no see.” became a ____26____ phrase in America ____27____ the popularity of these movie’s.
Some people ____28____ America to a huge melting pot(熔炉). All kinds of culture are ____29____ in the pot together, and they ____30____ the color and taste of each other. American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the pot! Language is usually the first thing to be ____31____ in the mixed pot.
17. A. damaged B. perfected C. learned D. ruined
18. A. custom B. greeting C. habit D. proverb
19. A. job B. research C. survey D. search
20. A. widely B. hardly C. seldom D. never
21. A. lots of B. plenty of C. amount of D. sort of
22. A. Hence B. Luckily C. However D. Suddenly
23. A. hardware B. software C. operator D. speaker
24. A. use B. origin C. expression D. meaning
25. A. created B. published C. did D. discovered
26. A. ordinary B. rare C. modern D. popular
27. A. as if B. as to C. thanks to D. even though
28. A. compare B. regard C. send D. demand
29. A. joined B. mixed C. compiled D. done
30. A. improve B. change C. lower D. promote
31. A. influenced B. mentioned C. used D. considered
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从朋友的邮件中读到“Long time no see”这句话时，认为是一个典型的中式英语。结果朋友告诉作者这是一种标准的美国问候方式。于是作者在网上搜索了一下，发现这句话应用非常广泛。没有人知道这个中式英语句子的来源。作者意识到有些学者把美国比作一锅大杂烩。各种文化混合在一起，它们改变彼此的颜色和味道。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，这是一个逐字逐句翻译的汉语问候语，有着被破坏的英语语法和结构！A. damaged被破坏的；B. perfected完善的；C. learned博学的；D. ruined毁灭的。根据上文“Obviously it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greetings with a”可知，作者认为这句话是一个逐字逐句翻译的汉语问候语，英语语法和结构被破坏了。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，我的朋友告诉我这是一种标准的美国问候方式。A. custom习俗；B. greeting招呼；C. habit习惯；D. proverb谚语。“Long time no see”是一句打招呼的话语。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我搜索了谷歌。A. job工作；B. research研究；C. survey调查表；D. search搜寻。根据后文“on google. com”可知，此处指在谷歌上搜寻这句话。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这句话被广泛应用于电子邮件，信件，报纸，电影，书籍，或任何其他可能的地方。A. widely广泛地；B. hardly几乎不；C. seldom很少；D. never从不。根据前文“there were over 40 thousand web pages containing “Long time no see””及后文“used in emails, letters, newspapers, movies, or any other possible place”可知这句话应用非常广泛。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查短语辨析。句意：虽然它是一种非正式的，但它是美国人日常使用语言的一部分。A. lots of许多；B. plenty of许多；C. amount of数量；D. sort of稍微。根据后文“informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily”可知，“Long time no see”这句话稍微有点不正式，但它是美国人日常使用语言的一部分。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你在Microsoft Word中输入这个短语，软件会告诉你语法需要修改。A. Hence因此；B. Luckily幸好；C. However然而；D. Suddenly突然。结合上下文语境可知，为转折关系。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果你在Microsoft Word中输入这个短语，软件会告诉你语法需要修改。A. hardware硬件；B. software软件；C. operator操作员；D. speaker讲话者。根据语境可知，此处指Microsoft Word这个软件会告诉你语法需要修改。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人知道这个中式英语句子的来源。A. use用途；B. origin起源；C. expression表达；D. meaning意义。结合后文“Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan’s movies.”可知，此处讲的是这句话的起源问题。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪30年代，好莱坞的电影制作人成功地在大银幕上创造了一位享誉全球的中国侦探“Charlie Chan”。A. created创造；B. published出版；C. did做；D. discovered发现。根据语境可知，中国侦探Charlie Chan是制作人创造（create）出来的一个角色。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，由于这些电影的流行，“Long time no see”在美国成为一个流行的短语。A. ordinary普通的；B. rare少见的；C. modern现代的；D. popular流行的。根据后文“the popularity of these movie’s”可知，这些电影的流行让“Long time no see”在美国成为一个流行的短语。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：很快，由于这些电影的流行，“Long time no see”在美国成为一个流行的短语。A. as if好像；B. as to至于；C. thanks to由于；D.even though尽管。根据后文“the popularity of these movie’s”可知这句话是流行是因为这些电影的流行，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人把美国比作一个大熔炉。A. compare比作；B. regard将……认为；C. send发送；D. demand要求。短语：compare ...to“把……比作”，regard...as...“把……视为……”，根据后文“America to a huge melting pot”可知，此处指把美国比作一个大熔炉。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种文化混合在一起，它们改变彼此的颜色和味道。A. joined加入；B. mixed混合；C. compiled编辑；D. done完成。根据上文“a huge melting pot(熔炉).”“All kinds of culture are”可知，此处指各种文化混合在一起。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种文化混合在一起，它们改变彼此颜色和味道。A. improve改善；B. change改变；C. lower降低；D. promote促进。根据后文“some changes to the pot”可知，各种文化混合在一起，会改变彼此的颜色和味道。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：语言通常是在这个大杂烩中首先受到影响的部分。A. influenced影响；B. mentioned提到；C. used使用；D. considered考虑。根据上文“American Chinese, though a minority ethnic group in the United States, is also contributing some changes to the pot! ”可知，此处指语言通常是大杂烩中最先受到影响的部分。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The English word “dinner” used to refer to breakfast. It comes from the Old French word “disnar”, ___32___ in fact means “breakfast”.
So ___33___ did this word come to have a different meaning? ___34___ (tradition), dinner (what we now refer to as breakfast) was the first meal of the day, eaten around noon. It also happened to be the ___35___ (big) meal of the day, with a lighter meal coming later ___36___ (know) as supper.
Today many people find ___37___ strange that the biggest meal of the day once centered around noon, ___38___ it made great sense at that time. Artificial lighting such as oil lamps and candles were expensive, and provided weak light at best. So people went to sleep at sundown, because it’s difficult ___39___ (work) and eat in the dark. The last meal of the day was a rushed affair, a quick snack before the lights went out.
Eventually, more meals ___40___ (add) to the day. This meant that people were eating smaller meals before the bigger meal. So the word that once ____41____ (refer) to our first meal, now refers to our last. However, it is true that in many Western cultures dinner still remains the biggest meal of the day.
【答案】32 which
33. how 34. Traditionally
35. biggest
36. known 37. it
38. but 39. to work
40. were added
41. referred
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英文中“dinner”一词的含义是如何从“早餐”成为了如今“晚餐”的含义的。
【32题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它来自古法语单词disnar，实际上意思是“早餐”。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词disnar，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【33题详解】
考查疑问词。句意：那么这个词是如何有了不同的含义的呢？此处对方式提问，表示“如何”应用疑问词how。故填how。
【34题详解】
考查副词。句意：传统上，晚餐（我们现在所说的早餐）是一天中的第一顿饭，大约在中午吃。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词traditionally作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Traditionally。
【35题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这顿饭碰巧也是一天中最丰盛的一餐，稍后的清淡饭菜则被称为晚餐。根据上文定冠词the，以及句意“最丰盛的”可知，big应用形容词最高级形式。故填biggest。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这顿饭碰巧也是一天中最丰盛的一餐，稍后的清淡饭菜则被称为晚餐。结合句意表示“被称为……”可知，短语为be known as，此处省略be动词，用过去分词作状语。故填known。
【37题详解】
考查it用法。句意：今天，许多人觉得奇怪的是，一天中最丰盛的一餐曾经集中在中午，但它在当时是很有意义的。此处为“find it adj. that…”句型，it作形式宾语，that从句为真正宾语。故填it。
【38题详解】
考查连词。句意：今天，许多人觉得奇怪的是，一天中最丰盛的一餐曾经集中在中午，但它在当时是很有意义的。上文提到许多人对于一天中最丰盛的一餐曾经集中在中午感觉奇怪，后文则提到这一做法在当时很有意义，前后为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：所以人们在日落的时候就睡觉了，因为在黑暗中工作和吃饭是很困难的。此处为句型“it be adj. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语。故填to work。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：最终，一天中添加了更多的膳食。句子描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为meals，谓语动词用复数。故填were added。
【41题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：所以这个词曾经指的是我们的第一顿饭，现在指的是我们的最后一餐。refer在从句中作谓语，结合上文once可知，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填referred。
第四部分课内知识运用(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共6小题;每小题2分，满分12分)
选择适当的短语并用正确形式填空，注意有两个是多余选项且每个短语只能使用一次。
get up on one’s feet; refer to; crash into; relate to; suffer from; shelter from; date back to; look up

42. The solution was to plant trees so that the animals could________ the sun during the daytime.
43. This spring a lot of children________ a bad cold, and coughed a lot.
44. Many students are fond of ________the meaning of every new word in a dictionary.
45. In the future, pay increases will be________ productivity.
46. In the unearthed bones which________ the 16th B. C., the Chinese had been using the lunar calendar.
47. When she came back to life, the girl immediately________, but couldn’t recall what had happened.
【答案】42. be sheltered from
43. suffered from
44. looking up
45. related to
46. date back to
47. got up on her feet
【解析】
【42题详解】
考查短语。句意：解决办法是种树，这样动物就能在白天躲避阳光。根据前文“The solution was to plant trees”可知，植树可以让动物们免遭阳光的暴晒，空前为情态动词，所以空处用动词原形，短语：shelter from“保护……不受打击”，animals与动词shelter为动宾关系，所以此处用被动语态，故填 be sheltered from。
【43题详解】
考查短语。句意：今年春天很多孩子得了重感冒，咳嗽得很厉害。结合“a bad cold”可知，孩子们患了感冒，短语：suffer from“患……病”；空处在句中为谓语，结合后文的“and coughed a lot”可知，此处的时态为一般过去时；故填suffered from。
【44题详解】
考查短语。句意：许多学生喜欢参考字典中查每个生词的意思。结合下文“the meaning of every new word in a dictionary”可知，学生在字典里查阅每个单词的意思。短语：look up“查阅”，根据前文“are fond of ”，空处用动名词形式，故填looking up。
【45题详解】
考查短语。句意：在未来，工资的增长将与生产力有关。短语：be related to“与……有关”，根据空处前后可知，此处指薪水的增加和生产力有关，结合空前will be，故填related to。
【46题详解】
考查短语。句意：在出土的公元前16世纪的骨骼中，中国人一直使用阴历。短语date back to“追溯到”，始于公元前16世纪属于陈述客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时，which此处指代主语bones，为复数含义，所以谓语用原形。故填date back to。
【47题详解】
考查短语。句意：当她苏醒过来的时候，女孩立刻站了起来，但是想不起来发生了什么。结合前文“When she came back to life”，可知，她醒过来了，所以（照顾她的）女孩立刻站起身来，结合came可知，动作发生在过去，所以此处的时态为一般过去时。短语：get up on one’s feet“站起来”，结合句中“the girl”，所以one’s用物主代词her，故填got up on her feet。
第二节(共8小题;每小题1分，满分8分)。
根据汉语或首字母提示用正确形式填空。
48. A soldier risked his life saving two tourists who________(使……落入险境) in the mountain for two days. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】had been trapped
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态语态。句意：一名士兵冒着生命危险救出了两名被困在山里两天的游客。分析句子可知，“使……落入险境”是定语从句中谓语动词，可用动词trap表示；结合句意，动词trap与其主语who(即先行词two tourists)之间是被动关系，且发生在“A soldier risked his life saving two tourists”之前，应用过去完成时态。故填had been trapped。
49. It was late and the church clock s________ twelve. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】struck##truck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：天色已晚，教堂的钟敲了十二下。分析句子可知，空格处是分句谓语动词，结合句意和首字母提示可知，应用动词strike，意为“(时钟)敲响”，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填struck。
50. Years of fighting have left the area in________(破败不堪). (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】ruins
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：多年的战乱使该地区破败不堪。in ruins为固定短语，意为“成为废墟；破败不堪”，名词ruin用复数形式，符合句意。故填ruins。
51. It was a great honour to be invited to the not-for-profit Tiger________(基地). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】base
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：被邀请到非营利性的老虎基地是我莫大的荣幸。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填入名词base，作宾语。故填base。
52. The government has declared a state of ________ (紧急情况) following the earthquake. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】emergency
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府在地震后宣布进入紧急状态。of后跟名词作宾语，“紧急情况”的名词是emergency，a state of emergency是固定用法，意为“紧急状态”，故填emergency。
53. The________(特点) of the town hasn’t changed at all. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】characteristic
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个镇的特点完全没有改变。空处在句中为主语，结合汉语提示可知，此处用名词characteristic，短语：characteristic of...“……的特点”，故填characteristic。
54. It took me a long time before I was able to fully a________ what my parents had done for me. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】appreciate##ppreciate
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我花了很长时间才完全理解父母为我所做的一切。根据句意和首字母提示可知，应使用动词appreciate，意为“理解”，在不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填appreciate。
55. Losing weight was a terrible s________.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】struggle##truggle
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：减肥是一件非常艰难的事。根据空格前冠词a可知，应填入单数名词，结合句意和首字母提示，应使用名词struggle，意为“难事”，作表语。故填struggle。
第五部分写作(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
56. 假如你是李华，你的美国笔友David 准备组织一个“人文中国” （Cultural China）的活动，写信向你求助。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 推荐中国书法艺术；
2. 提供活动建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
参考词汇：书法calligraphy
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
Hearing that you are planning to hold an activity called Cultural China, I am writing to recommend Chinese calligraphy and offer some relevant suggestions.
Chinese calligraphy is a traditional art of Chinese characters writing, which has developed into various categories over the centuries. Undoubtedly, it is an important part of Chinese culture, reflecting Chinese people’s wisdom. To hold the activity, it is advisable to provide authentic works, thus enabling students to have a vivid appreciation. Besides, preparations like purchasing writing brushes, ink and paper can be made to let students have a try and post their own works online.
I do hope my suggestions can be of help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国笔友David写信，向他推荐中国书法艺术，提供活动建议，为David提供帮助。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
多种多样的：various→diverse
重要的：important→significant
另外：besides→in addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, it is an important part of Chinese culture, reflecting Chinese people’s wisdom.
拓展句：Undoubtedly, it is an important part of Chinese culture, which reflects Chinese people’s wisdom.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Chinese calligraphy is a traditional art of Chinese characters writing, which has developed into various categories over the centuries.（运用了which引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】I do hope my suggestions can be of help to you.（运用了do强调谓语动词，和省略引导词that的宾语从句）
第二节(满分15分)
57. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Most people around the world are right-handed. This fact also seems to have held true throughout history. In 1977, scientists studied works of art made at various times in history. Most of the people shown in these works of art are right-handed, so scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common. But what do Leonardo da Vinci, Marie Curie, and Albert Einstein have in common? They were all left-handed, along with other famous people including Brad Pitt, Prince William, and Barack Obama. In fact, an estimated 13 percent of the world's population may be left-handed.
Many researchers claim to have found relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics, such as blond hair, blue eyes, and sleep difficulties. Other studies have found a higher-than-normal level of left-handed people in certain occupations, including professional baseball players, architects, as well as prisoners. However, some of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.
What makes a person become right-handed rather than left-handed? One simple idea suggests that people normally get right-handedness from their parents. Studies have found that two right-handed parents have only a 9.5-percent chance of having a left-handed child, while two left-handed parents have a 26-percentols chance of having a left-handed child. Another common theory is that left-handed people suffer mild brain damage during birth, which makes them left-handed.
Whatever the reasons behind it, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. Statistics show that although 13 percent of young people are left-handed, only six percent of the elderly are left-handed. Left-handed children used to be punished until they began using their right hand like other children, but today people who are left-handed are no longer looked down on nor are they considered abnormal. For most people today, either case is perfectly acceptable. There are even a number of shops now selling products for left-handed people, such as left-handed can openers, guitars, and even a left-handed camera.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】While most of the world's population is right-handed, a minority are left-handed.(要点一) Many researchers claim left handedness has something to do with physical and mental features and professions, but these assumptions lack solid evidence.(要点二) Thus, some think left-handedness is genetic while others attribute it to mild brain injury during birth.(要点三) Anyway, people's attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot with the whole society accepting lefties more than before.(要点四)(75 words)
【解析】
【分析】本篇考察的作文类型是概要写作。
【详解】文章的主要结构为总—分—总。文章主要讲述了许多研究人员声称已经发现了左撇子与各种生理和心理特征之间的关系，比如金发、蓝眼睛和睡眠障碍。其他研究发现，在某些职业中，左撇子的比例高于正常水平，包括职业棒球运动员、建筑师和囚犯。以及左撇子形成的原因和人们对待左撇子态度的变化。
第一段讲述世界上大多数人都是右撇子，但是也指出世界上大约13%的人口可能是左撇子。可以用到的词汇或句型有：world's population, right-handed, a minority, left-handed等。第二段讲述左撇子与人生理、心理特征和职业有关，但这些假设缺乏确凿的证据。可以用到的词汇或句式有：claim, left handedness, mental features, assumptions, solid evidence等。第三段主要讲左撇子形成的原因，有些人认为是遗传，有些则认为是出生时轻微的脑损伤造成的。可以用到的词汇或句式有：genetic, attribute it, mild brain injury, birth等。第四段讲了人们对待左撇子态度的变化。可以用到的词汇或句式有：attitude, accept, lefties, more than 等。
【高分句型1】
There are right-handed and left-handed people in the world.世界上有左撇子和右撇子。运用there be句型。
【高分句型2】
What many researchers claimed is that left handedness has something to do with physical and mental features and professions, but these assumptions lack solid evidence.许多研究人员声称，左撇子与生理、心理特征和职业有关，但这些假设缺乏确凿的证据。运用what引导的主语从句。