高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 3 The internet导学案

Unit 3 the Internet

 Period 3 Discovering Useful Structure导学案

课前导读

Learning objectives

1. Let students master the form and meaning of the passive voice in the present perfect.

2. Guide students to use the active voice and passive voice of the present perfect to construct meaningful texts.

3. To review the basic usages of the Present Perfect Passive Voice

4. To learn to use some special cases concerning the Present Perfect Passive Voice

Activity design

Three activities are designed for this lesson. Activity 1 Let the students observe and compare the verb forms in the active voice and passive voice of the two sentences, perceive the form differences of other subjects, deepen their understanding of the passive voice structure, and use tables to summarize and sort out. Activity 2 Change the active voice into the passive voice in the present perfect tense through sentence pattern transformation, so that students can further understand the difference in the form of the two different voices. Activity 3 is the task of using language structure. Students are required to use the present passive voice to copy a poem. It is used to strengthen students' understanding and mastery of the basic form, meaning and function of the present perfect passive voice.

Key and difficult points

1. To appreciate the function of the Present Perfect Passive Voice in a sentence

2. To write essays using the proper the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

Teaching process

Step I Observe and Understand

Activity 1.Observe the characteristics of the following sentences and sum up their common characteristics.

1．Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web．

2．But the Internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient．

3．Many people have been helped by the club．

4．She no longer feels lonely, and her company has become quite successful．

5．Today I thought I’d blog about a question that has been asked many times—how do you stay safe online and avoid bad experiences on the Internet?

Summary:

Through observation, we can easily find their common features.：have/has been+done.

通过以上例句我们可以得出结论：

1．现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的动作，动作已发生并强调对现在造成的影响或结果，主语和谓语之间为被动关系。

例如：

The door has already______________________(lock).门早已经被锁上了。

I have _________________(employ) at the job since 2015.自从2015年，我就做这份工作。

2．基本构成

现在完成时的被动语态的结构为S+have/has been+done.

Step II. Practice and Comparison

Activity 2.Change the sentences into passive voice

1.The Internet has greatly improved Jan’s life.

2. People have written much about the wonders of the World Wide Web.
3. They have built a kind of new PC with more functions.
4. I have downloaded the software to help my phone last longer.

1._____________________________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________________________

3.______________________________________________________________________________

4.______________________________________________________________________________

From sentences above , we can know that the structure :

Discussion :Think and guess other structures:

Step III  The usage of Present Perfect Passive Voice

1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

I have been told the sports meet will be put off.

我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟)

All the preparations for the task have been done，and we're ready to start.

这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件)

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与for＋时间段或since＋时间点等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。

The machine has been repaired for two hours.

这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)

She hasn't been heard from since then.

从那时候起，她就没来过信。(持续：从那以后，一直没收到她的信，以后也可能收不到)

3．在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来时的被动语态。

I will go home when my homework has been finished.

当我完成家庭作业时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态)

Pay attention to special situations

1．现在完成时的被动语态中has/have been不可漏掉。

The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。

The dirty clothes have been washed.脏衣服已经被洗好了。

2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。

The library has been built.这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)

The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。(图书馆现在是否能用是未知的)

3．含有非延续性动词，如begin，start，buy，borrow，finish等的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。这些动词的现在完成时的被动语态的否定式则可以与for或since构成的时间状语连用。

The work has been finished for two days.(×)

This book has not been borrowed since last week.(√)

4．动词短语用于现在完成时的被动语态时，动词后面的副词或介词不可漏掉或省略。

The injured bird has been looked after since it was saved.(after不可漏掉)

受伤的小鸟被救后一直被照看着。

5.并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组, 就没有被动语态。试比较:

Some of the best conversations have ever been happened around the dinner table. (X)

Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table. (√)

Step Ⅳ. Practice

Activity 3. Read the poem and learn to write

Then think of your own situation and write a similar poem.

Look at the way your face has been washed

Look at the way your teeth have been brushed

Look at the way your shoes have been cleaned

You'd better do them again.

Look at the way the flowers have been planted

Look at the way the grass has been cut

Look at the way the paths have been swept

I hope that you'll come here again.

Step Ⅴ. Consolidation exercise

1．They _______________________ (sell) ten apartments in the past one hour.

2．He  ______________________ (buy) a present when she visited Xinjiang.

3．He ______________________    already  ______________________ (ask) to help you.

4．The company _________________ (make) its workers work

5．A notice _________________ already  _________________  (put up) on the wall.

6．Since we realized that we should study hard, our time _________________ (make) full use of.

7．These streets_________________  (not sweep) for two days.

8．How long__________________the book __________________ (keep)?

9．How long ago _________________the picture  _________________     (take)?

10．These goods _________________   (not ship) abroad yet.

1.have sold 2.was bought 3.has/been asked 4.has made 5.has been put up 6.haven’t been made 7.haven’t beem swept 8.has been kept 9.was taken 10.haven’t been shipped.