2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 阅读理解技巧

这是一份2023年江苏中考英语一轮复习专题 阅读理解技巧，共10页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解细节题，阅读理解之主旨题，阅读理解推理判断题，阅读理解词义猜测题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解细节题  一篇文章必须通过许多细节进一步解释和说明主题 ,体现中心思想。因此 ,阅读理解题中多数是针对文章中的细节而设计的 ,回答此类问题时 ,首先要认真审题 ,理解题意 ,然后根据提示词或线索词 ,运用查阅的技巧 ,快速在原文中查找正确的答案。这些题目的答案大都可以在文章对应的文字部分找到。 解题应从以下几个方面人手：①直接细节题。题目主要由how和五个wh开头的问题 ,即：what , who ,when ,where ,why开头的问题 ,这类题目一般都比较简单 ,根据提问的具体内容查找 ,即可得出答案。②间接细节题。一般指以释义或换一种方式重新设计的题目。解题时 ,音先要看懂题目 ,找出题目中的词或词组 ,然后找出文章中的对应部分。查找要借助于同义词或同义结构。因为题目中使用的词语或结构与文章中所使用的不同 ,但意思相同。 解题技巧：1. 阅读问题。2. 在文中找出对应的答案句 ,即定位。3. （1）、 关键信息定位法。这个主要是细节题 ,如涉及到数字（日期、时间、价格等） ,就可以在文章中快速圈出数字 ,再找出目标数字及相对应的细节作息 ,还有人物姓名、地点名词等等 ,其他的还包括一些提示情节发展 ,或条纲性关键字眼 ,如First , Next , Finally等等。
（2）、 同义定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同义定位就是指问题所用的关键词和文中的不一致 ,但属于同义性质 ,同义转换其实是在关键间的基础上拐了个弯易错点：1.没有注意原文与试题之间的相互转换2.没有掌握中心或者主旨 ,不知道到何处找到自己所需要的事实 真题解析AWith the development of science and technology, our daily life is becoming more colorful and more convenient (便利).An Underwater HotelIt looks like a spaceship but it is actually a picture of an underwater hotel. A company plans to build in the sea which is about 18 metres below the surface. The whole building is underwater and you can get to it by swimming and diving.Google GlassGoogle Glass is a pair of glasses with a battery (电池) hidden inside the frame (边框). It can carry out many of the same tasks as smart phones. The glass has a hidden camera and a tiny screen. It is designed to take hands-free photos or videos of anything people are doing.A New Kind of ShirtHate washing clothes? You’re going to love this kind of shirt made by an American clothing company, Wool & Prince. This shirt can be worn for 100 straight days without washing! The Wool & Prince shirt never needs ironing (熨烫).The Digital LibraryCan you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into computers? The first bookless public library is planned to open in San Antonio, Texas. Computers will take the place of books soon.32. The Digital Library tells us something about a library without ______.A. books                B. computers           C. bookshelves        D. readers[答案]A[解析]结合小标题 The Digital (数字) Library 下第一句 Can you imagine walking into a library and finding all books have turned into computers 可知 ,数字化图书馆把所有的书都换成了电脑。因此这是没有书（books）的图书馆。computer 意为“电脑” ,bookshelf 意为“书架” ,reader 意为“读者” ,均不符合题意。  You probably know you should say" please" and" thank you" at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice lo your classmates. But do you have music manners?   Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people can't hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn't have it turned up too high.  Take Them Off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away. Libraries  and schools don't allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that don't have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it just doesn't make sense to listen your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.   Take One Out! Once in a while it's okay just to take out one earphone. Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and it's not for you.  It's Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when read books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need 10 do what seems right for you.    79. No one wants to listen to_______ from others’ MP3 players.   A) a loud sound       B)sad stories  C)a long movie         D)the words of a song  [答案]A  [解析]第二段倒数第三行 “Not one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears” ,可以得出答案 ,选择A    80. We should turn down the music when we are alone because loud music     .   A) is not enjoyable      B)makes us tired   C)is bad for MP3 players     D)hurts our ears  [答案]D  [解析]根据第二段倒数第一行 “Very loud music can also be bad for your ears, so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player, you shouldn't have it turned up too high”得出结论 ,选择D  81. We can take once earphone out when we_         A) show others the way         B)talk to friends on the phone  C)watch a sporting event        D)have dinner with our parents  [答案] A  [解析]根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项 ,A和B在原文中都有提及 ,但是原文中指的是“answer the telephone”这一短暂的动作 ,而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天 ,是个延续性的动作 ,故选择A。 Jenny looked at the store window. There was nothing that she wanted more than a Happy Hannah doll. It was $29.95. Unluckily, Jenny didn’t even have the 95 cents. As she crossed the street, she thought about doing her brother’s housework, cleaning the floor, washing the dishes all month, but even then she would have only eleven dollars. Suddenly, something small and pink in the snow caught her eyes.  Jenny walked over and picked it up from the snow. It was a beautiful wallet. She opened the wallet and found many dollars and a woman’s driver’s licence. Jenny put the wallet into her bag quickly. She turned around and walked back. Jenny’s heart beat fast as she entered the store. She had long dreamed about this moment, but something didn’t feel right. As she got to the Happy Hannah dolls, she pushed away her feelings. She grabbed (抓起) one and walked toward the checkout.  As Jenny was waiting to pay, her mobile phone rang. Jenny looked around, startled (吓了一跳). It was her grandma. Jenny’s heart was suddenly filled with love and warmth when she thought of her. She put the doll down and answered the phone. “Hi, Grandma! I’m going to be a little bit late tonight….Alright....I love you, too.” Jenny left the store and walked all the way to 301 West Street. The woman who answered the door looked sad.  “Here, I found this in the snow,” Jenny said.“Oh, good God! This is the money for the orphanage (孤儿院)! Thank you!” After doing her brother’s housework for three months, Jenny finally got a Happy Hannah doll. She was so happy because she could play with her doll and look her grandma in the eye.   34. What did Jenny find in the snow?  A. A bag.    B. A doll.     C. A wallet.    D. A mobile phone.35. How did Jenny feel when she thought of her grandma?A. Touched.     B. Warm.     C. Nervous.    D. Surprised.37. What did Jenny do to get the doll?  A. She asked her grandma for help.  B. She took some money from the woman.   C. She cleaned the floor in the store for all month.  D. She did her brother’s housework for three months.   [答案]CBD If I were to ask you to close your eyes and I gave you a piece of apple to eat, would you be able to tell me what it is just by tasting it? Of course, you could. Your tongue (舌头) helps you know what different foods taste like. Do you know that foods would taste different if you did not have a nose?   What You Need☆ a friend to help  ☆ small pieces of any food like carrot, orange, banana—whatever you have ☆ small pieces of apples, raw (uncooked) potato and (if you are brave) onion (洋葱)  What You DoThere are actually three different experiments. You and your friend should take turns trying them on each other. Experiment 1:  Have your friend close her eyes and open her mouth. Give her a piece of the food and ask her to taste it. Then, ask her what she thinks it is. She will probably guess correctly.  Experiment 2:  While your friend has her eyes closed, give her a piece of raw potato. At the same time, hold a piece of apple right under her nose. Ask her to eat the potato and tell you what she thinks it is. She will say it is a piece of apple! You can even do it the other way around, and she will think she is eating a potato, or, perhaps, she won’t be able to name what she is eating.  Experiment 3: (for the brave)  Take a piece of raw onion. You don’t have to close your eyes this time. Press your nose closed with your other hand so that no smells can get into your nose. Now eat a small piece of the onion. Surprise! As long as you hold your nose, you will not be able to taste the onion.   The Science SecretYou already know the science secret. Your nose and your tongue work together to make food taste the way it does. Your tongue, however, can taste only certain flavors like salty, bitter, sour, and sweet. All of the other “tastes” are actually “smells”, and you need your nose to taste them. Oh, you might use this science secret the next time you are forced to eat something you don’t like the taste of. If you hold your nose while you eat it, you won’t “taste” it at all.  39. What is the most probable reason Experiment 3 is called “for the brave”? A. You have to eat a raw onion.  B. You keep your eyes open.C. You have to hold your nose.              D. You do the experiment alone.[答案]A 二、阅读理解之主旨题（一）如何确定文章的中心思想每篇文章都有主题思想 ,而大多数文章的主题思想是通过一个句子来表达的 ,这就是主题句。[来主题句通常是文章当中的第一句 ,从主题句中能找出文章主题思想的答案 ,但有时主题句也可以在文中或段尾。一般情况下 ,演绎性的文章的主题句多在句首 ,而归纳性的文章的主题句则常在段尾。如果作者把主题句写得很含蓄 ,没有明显地用一二个句子表达出来 ,可根据文章内容加以归纳总结 ,或把所有段落的主题句加以归纳 ,从中找出文章的主题思想。  主旨大意题的提问方式：  ①What is the writer trying to tell us with the story?  ②The text is mainly about            ③The best title for this passage could be            ④The passage mainly tells us           ⑤The main idea(topic)of the passage is about            解题应从以下两个方面入手：  ①借助于文章的结构知识来把握中心思想。文章的中心思想常常由主题句来表达。一般来说 ,主题句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段 ,用来交代全文所要说明的问题 ,同时引导以下段落进行展开和解释。有时主题句也出现于文章的中间段落或结尾 ,由全文展开讨论后归纳总结出来。因此 ,找准主题句是十分重要的。阅读时要特别注意文章的起始段、收尾段和段落的主题句。   ②有的文章没有主题句或没有主题段和收尾段。碰到这种情况不能采用辨认主题句或主题段的方法来获取段落或文章的中-心思想。这时 ,宜把不同的细节集中讨论的要点即共同点概括出来。需要读者自己在通读全文后归纳总结。   [真题]    People in many countries learn English and they learn it in different  ways．Some learn it at school．Some learn it by themselves．Others learn English by(通过)radio ,on TV ,or in films.   The main idea 0f the passage is_______ ．    A．people in many countries learn English in many ways．    B．some learn English at school．    C．some learn English by themselves．    D．others learn English by hearing the language over the radio ,on TV ,or in films．[答案]A[解析]本文的第一句就是该文的主题句 ,讲述许多国家的人们以不同的方式学习英语。答案B、c、D都是第一句的扩展和说明 ,所以A是对的。     Tennis is not difficult game to play ,and you do not need a lot of equipment(装备)to play it．There must be two or four players．Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket(网球拍)．The player will need some tennis balls ,too．of course ,it is necessary to have a tennis court(网球场)!The main idea of the passage is that ________ ．A．players need tennis rackets         B．you play tennis on a tennis court     C．players need a court ,rackets ,and tennis balls     D．two players will need two rackets to play this game[答案]C[解析]选项A、B、D的内容均不全面 ,只包括了打网球的单项内容 ;选项C是对选项A、B、D的综合概括 ,故C为正确答案。 三、阅读理解推理判断题　　此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等推断 ,需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。设题方式：1) How many times did the tiger come into the village?解题策略：*每段的首句 ,含有重要的解题线索。设题方式：2) From the second paragraph we know_____.解题策略：*在把握全篇的基础上 ,细读这一段。推理判断题的常见类型：推断文章的出处（题材）       与文章细节相关的推断对文章后续内容的推断            数字相关的计算推断 [真题]Ang Lee won the Best Director Oscar for his adventure film Life of Pi at the 85th Academy Awards in Hollywood, California February 24, 2013. Life of Pi shows a young Indian named Pi, who finds the world he knows swept away when his family sells their zoo and sets sail for Canada with a few animals. Only Pi escapes from the storm and floats in a lifeboat with a giant Bengal tiger.“I really want to thank you for believing this story and sharing this unbelievable journey with me,” Lee said in his speech. The film also won three other Oscars, for best original music, best cinematography(电影艺术) and best visual(视觉) effects. It won more awards than Lincoln and Argo which were also among the hottest nominees.Coming from China's Taiwan, the 58-year-old Lee won an Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2001 for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and another for Best Director in 2006 for Brokeback Mountain. He is the only person of Asian to win the directing award and one of the rare people who won that award more than once.In an after-ceremony interview, Lee said he believed Asian films would come to the main stage of the world sooner or later. "I was born in Asia and grew up with Chinese education. It is natural for me to put Asian thinking into Western things." The film, which cost 120 million U.S. dollars, has earned nearly 600 million dollars worldwide. Lee said most of the earnings came from outside China. Lee said he felt warm that he won the award on the day of the Lantern Festival, a Chinese traditional festival on which families get together to solve puzzles on lanterns and eat Tang Yuan. He wished everyone a happy new year of the snake and everybody gets lucky.1. What kind of film does Life of Pi belong to?   A. Comedies.     B. Tragedies.       C. Detective films.      D. Adventure films.   [答案]D The Statue of Liberty, which has been closed to the public since super storm Sandy struck in October, will reopen by July 4. The Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by the French people in 1886. It stands at Liberty Island as a welcome to all returning Americans.It’s five months since the monument and Liberty Island were shut down after the storm.  While the statue itself was not seriously harmed by the storm, several buildings on the island experienced the terrible flood. The way used by ships carrying visitors from lower Manhattan and New Jersey was also destroyed.“It’s good news, it’s a little late, but at least it’s there, and now we’ll watch like an eagle to make sure this promise is kept,” Schumer told NBC New York.In January, the government spent $59 million repairing both Liberty Island and nearby Ellis Island, which was also damaged in the storm. But the officers have not announced when Ellis Island will reopen. In November, more than a million art works had to be removed from the museum there because of the storm. The Statue of Liberty is one of the country’s most popular tourist attractions. According to the National Park Service, more than 3.7 million people visit the site every year. 34. What does the underlined word It in the fifth paragraph refer to?A. The Statue of Liberty was presented by French people.B. The government spent $59 million repairing Liberty Island and Ellis Island.C. The Statue of Liberty stands at Liberty Island as a welcome to all.D. The Statue of Liberty will reopen by July 4.                   [答案]D 四、阅读理解词义猜测题设题方式：What does the word “…” mean in paragraph 3?What does the underlined word mean?The word  “…”  most likely means _______.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.解题策略：阅读中碰到生词时不要着急 ,耐心地读下去 ,文章会帮助你猜出生词词义。此外 ,我们也可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义 ,或通过上下文,同义词 ,反义词 ,生活常识等猜测 ,尤其是本句话以及前后两句话 ,给生词假设意思 ,看是否读的通。还可以联想 ,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写方法与该生词类似的词。(1)捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词 ,近义词 ,反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏 ,理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。例如：A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year.calendar  日历(3)转换解题法。即原文这么说 ,而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法 ,但仍表示同一含义。(4)依解释Microscope is an instrument(工具)that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means__显微镜. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1) 注意定义和解释 ;(2) 同义词或近义词的提示 ;(3) 近义词和反义词的提示 ;(4) 利用悬念的属种关系 ;(5) 借助已有知识或生活常识。  [真题]A doctor entered the hospital in a hurry after being called in for an urgent (紧急的) operation. He answered the call as soon as possible, changed his clothes and went directly to the operation room. He found the boy's father going and coming in the hall waiting for the doctor. On seeing him, the dad shouted , "Why did you take you so much time to come? Don't you know that my son’s life is in danger? It’s your duty to save patients?"The doctor smiled and said, "I am sorry, I wasn't in the hospital and I came the fastest I could after receiving the call... And now, I wish you'd calm down so that I can do my work.”“Calm down? What if your son is in this room right now, would you calm down? If your own son dies now, what will you do?” said the father angrily.The doctor smiled again and answered," I will say what Job said in the Bible (圣经) --'From dust we came and to dust we return, blessed (保佑) by the name of God'．Doctors cannot prolong lives. Go and pray (祈祷)for your son, we will do our best.""it’s so easy to give advice when people talk about others’ business.” said the father.The operation took several hours. After that, the doctor went out happily, "Thank goodness! Your son is saved!" And without waiting for the father's reply, he carried on his way running. “If you have any question, ask the nurse!""Why is he so proud and impatient? He couldn't wait some minutes so that I could ask about my son's situation ?" said the father when seeing the nurse minutes after the doctor left. The nurse answered, tears (眼泪) coming down her face, "His son died yesterday in a road accident. He was in the funeral (葬礼) when we called him for your son's operation. And now that he saved your son's life, he left running to finish his son's funeral."43. The underlined phrase “prolong lives” probably means “________”.A. help people keep safe         B. help people out of dangerC. help people live longer     D. help people become stronger[答案]C Parents now need to bribe children to make them read at bedtime, a new survey said. Rewards include late bedtime, sweets and chocolate, and trips to parks and zoos.Teachers are also offering rewards, with nearly eight in ten saying they give stickers and three in ten promising creative activities, such as drawing or painting for extra reading time. Over a quarter of 251 primary teachers and 501 parents of three-to-eight-year-olds showed.Marie Jones, a mother of three, said, “Something I've always been a bit strict about is getting my kids to read but it hasn't been easy. I have to bribe them to read and for my youngest right now. I would bribe her with life experiences such as going to see a show, going to the theatre, going to a country house or afternoon tea. And a good bribe works wonders.”Helen Parker, one publisher, said, “In a time when there are so many digital (数码) things, parents have to bribe their children to pick up a book with promises of late bedtime, trips out and even money and sweets. We need books that are up to date, exciting and attractive so that children want to spend time reading.”Parents and teachers also questioned the quality of the books for their children at school. More than a third said that the books were “unimaginative”, “outdated and old-fashioned” or “boring”. Teachers said children were losing interest in reading because of “boring storylines, out-of-date content (内容), simple characters and a lack (缺乏) of humor.”The research also showed that children who read with their parents most nights are ahead of their classmates who do not. Nearly a third of teachers said that pupils who do not read often with their parents are likely to always remain behind pupils who do.Researchers found children who are taught where to put the stress (重) in words and sentences can have a “great influence” on their reading progress.49. What does the underlined word “bribe” mean in the first paragraph?A. 贿赂     B. 鼓励      C. 惩罚      D. 逼迫[答案]C