高考英语模拟题汇编专题02 阅读理解之说明文（三）（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

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专题02 阅读理解之说明文（二）
（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）
Known as the "Oriental Hawaii," Sanya is considered as one of the best diving resorts(胜地) in the South Pacific Ocean. The followings are the top five places for diving in the city.
Wuzhizhou Island
Wuzhizhou Island, known as Chin's Maldives, is regarded as the best place in Hainan province for underwater diving. It is one of the few islands in the world without rocks or pebbles, covering an area of 1.48 square kilometers and is in an irregular butterfly shape.
Yalong Bay
The underwater world atYalong Bay is one of the earliest diving bases in Sanya. It is thought as one of the best scenic spots in China to carry out undersea tourism. Colorful hard coral, tropical fish, and other marine life in the nearby waters also add to the beauty and attraction of the bay.
Dadonghai Bay
Dadonghai Bay, with hills on three sides, is a crescent-shaped(新月形的) bay. The area enjoys agreeable weather all year round, with the water temperature keeping about 20℃ even in winter. Though the water here is not as clear as that in Yalong Bay and Wuzhizhou Island, this diving spot is easier to get to.
Xidao Island
Xidao Island, also known as Daimao Island, is shaped like a turtle living in the tropical area. The island enjoys pleasant surroundings of sandy beaches, rocky caves, and palm trees. It also takes pride in crystal clear waters with marine life and extensive coral reefs to explore.
Fenjiezhou Island
Fenjiezhou lsland, a national 5A scenic area, is also called the Sleeping Beauty Island for what it looks like from afar. The island is proud of extremely clean beaches and rich marine ecological resources. It is the only site in the country that allows visitors to dive with dolphins.
1．What can divers do at the resort of Wuzhizhou Island?
A．Play with butterflies. B．Enjoy diving comfortably.
C．Explore rocky caves. D．Do underwater research.
2．Which of the following is most suitable for diving throughout the year?
A．Yalong Bay. B．Dadonghai Bay.
C．Xidao Island. D．Fenjiezhou Island.
3．What is unique about Fenjiezhou Island in China?
A．A national 5A scenic area. B．The Sleeping Beauty Island.
C．Rich marine resources. D．Diving with dolphins.
【答案】
1．B
2．B
3．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。三亚被誉为“东方夏威夷”，是南太平洋最好的潜水胜地之一。文章主要介绍了三亚市最适合潜水的五个地方。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中Wuzhizhou Island, known as Chin's Maldives, is regarded as the best place in Hainan province for underwater diving.可知蜈支洲岛被称为中国的马尔代夫，是海南省最好的水下潜水地。由此可知，在旅游胜地蜈支洲岛，潜水员可以享受舒适的潜水。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中The area enjoys agreeable weather all year round, with the water temperature keeping about 20℃ even in winter.可知这里一年四季气候宜人，即使在冬天，水温也保持在20℃左右。由此可知，大东海湾最适合全年潜水。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中It is the only site in the country that allows visitors to dive with dolphins.可知它是这个国家唯一允许游客和海豚一起潜水的地方。由此可知，分界洲岛独特之处是可以和海豚一起潜水。故选D。
（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）
Manny Abreu pratices Benjamin Franklin's famous saying. “If you want something done, ask a busy person.”
Throughout his four years at Kellenberg Memorial High School in the US. Abreu made community service, an important part of his life. “I don't know where he finds the time to do everything.” said Erin Ronan, Alreu's math teacher. “He is truly a class act.”
As an honored student, Abreu, 18, took part in different voluntary activities after school, during weekends and summer holidays. These included helping staff at the public library, doing landscape work at kellenberg, and serving customers at a local restaurant.
But faced with a limited number of hours in a day, Abreu left his library job last summer to start working as an emergency medical technician—a role that fits his passion for making a difference in other people's lives.
“My appreciation for service has guided me into giving back,” said Abreu, who is setting his sights on becoming a doctor. “It's such a win-win feeling to help someone in need.”
St Martin de Porres Marianist School also benefited from Abreu's help. Through his school's Smart Club program, he voluntarily provided homework help and played games with the junior high school students. For all his hard work, Abreu was welcomed into a leadership club that organizes fellow students' volunteer activities.
Abreu thanked his parents for inspiring him to do the right thing, saying “they are' the most selfless people I know.” He remembered when he was about 6 years old, and his mother invited a disadvantaged neighborhood boy to have dinner. Upon observing the boy's happiness, Abreu came away with a sense of how he wanted to live his own life— “I won't focus on my own desires. I will help as many people as I can,” he said.
4．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make a brief explanation.
C．To share a famous saying. D．To praise Benjamin Franklin.
5．How did Abreu do voluntary work during his high school?
A．By organizing school activities. B．By working as a customer.
C．By spending extra time. D．By using special holidays.
6．What does Abreu think of helping others in need?
A．It's challenging. B．It's rewarding.
C．It's stressful. D．It's wasteful.
7．Who influenced Abreu most on his way to being a volunteer?
A．His math teacher. B．His fellow students.
C．His parents. D．His neighborhood boy.
【答案】
4．A
5．C
6．B
7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Manny Abreu 利用自己的空闲时间做了各种各样的很多志愿者工作和社区工作，他通过这些工作和活动不仅帮助了他人，也使得自己的价值得到了体现。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中Throughout his four years at Kellenberg Memorial High School in the US. Abreu made community service, an important part of his life.可知他在美国凯伦伯格纪念高中度过了四年时光。Abreu把社区服务作为他生命中重要的一部分。由此可推知，第一段提到的Manny Abreu实践了Benjamin Franklin的名言是为了引出第二段介绍Abreu做社区服务的事情，故第一段的主要目的是介绍主题。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中As an honored student, Abreu, 18, took part in different voluntary activities after school, during weekends and summer holidays.可知作为一名荣誉学生，18岁的Abreu在放学后、周末和暑假期间参加了各种志愿活动。由此可知，Abreu在高中通过花费额外的时间做义工。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“My appreciation for service has guided me into giving back,” said Abreu, who is setting his sights on becoming a doctor. “It's such a win-win feeling to help someone in need.”可知“我对服务的感激引导我回馈社会，” Abreu说，他的目标是成为一名医生。“帮助有需要的人是一种双赢的感觉。”由此可推知，Abreu认为看待帮助需要帮助的人是有益的。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Abreu thanked his parents for inspiring him to do the right thing, saying “they are' the most selfless people I know.”可知Abreu感谢他的父母激励他去做正确的事情，他说:“他们是‘我所知道的最无私的人’。”由此可知，在Abreu成为志愿者的路上，他的父母对他的影响最大。故选C。
（2020届四川省泸州市高三第三次教学质量诊断）
Modern agriculture and its ability to feed billions of people may be among humanity’s greatest successes. However, it comes with hidden costs. For example, have you ever considered how much water is needed to provide you with a steak or a salad? It may surprise you.
In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO), Australia's national science organization, took a close look at the diets of 9,341 adult Australians—specifically, their “water-scarcity footprints(水消耗足迹)”.
It turned out that a sweet tooth not only adds to our waistlines(腰围) but also stresses our water resources. The water-scarcity footprint is a widely recognized measurement of water consumption. First, it counts the liters of water you used. Then, it looks at the place where the water was used. The more lacking water is in your area, the larger your water-scarcity footprint.
The scientists found that the average Australian's diet had a water-scarcity footprint of 362 liters per day. Snacks—cookies, cakes and alcohol—accounted for 25 percent of the water-scarcity footprint. The research also included a glass of wine(41 liters), a single serving of potato chips(23 liters), and a small bar of milk chocolate(21 liters).
Not surprisingly, cutting out snacks would be the N0.1 priority if you wanted to lower your own water-scarcity footprint.
Earth's surface is 70 percent water, but only 2.5 percent of that can be used for drinking or farming. By 2030, a world of about 8.6 billion people will need 35 percent more water, 40 percent more energy, and 50 percent more food, according to the United States National Intelligence Council. So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the health of our societies.
12．What did the recent study closely focus on?
A．Modern agriculture. B．Average Australians.
C．Water resources. D．Water-scarcity footprints.
13．What did scientists from CSIRO find in their study?
A．Sweet teeth lead to thin waistlines.
B．Australians' diets are mainly made up of snacks.
C．The water-scarcity fooprint is a measurement of saving water.
D．Lacking water in our area means a larger water-scarcity footprint.
14．What does the underlined part “the N0.1 priority” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．the least important thing B．the least impossible thing
C．something to be done first D．something to be prevented first
15．What does the last paragraph intend to tell us?
A．Take care of our diets. B．Protect our drinking water.
C．Make good use of energy. D．Produce more healthy food.
【答案】
12．D
13．D
14．C
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了现代农业虽然养活数十亿人，但是它也带来了隐藏的成本。水消耗足迹是一种被广泛认可的衡量水消耗的指标，一项关注于水消耗足迹的研究表明，你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。且饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的水消耗足迹。因此我们应该注意我们的饮食。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段In a recent study published in the journal Nutrients, scientists from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization(CSIRO), Australia's national science organization, took a close look at the diets of 9,341 adult Australians—specifically, their “water-scarcity footprints(水消耗足迹)”.可知澳大利亚国家科学组织联邦科学与工业研究组织的科学家最近在《营养》杂志上发表了一项研究，他们仔细研究了9341名澳大利亚成年人的饮食——特别是他们的“水消耗足迹”。由此可知，最近的研究关注的是水消耗足迹。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段中The more lacking water is in your area, the larger your water-scarcity footprint.可知你所在的地区缺水越严重，你的水消耗足迹就越大。由此可知，CSIRO的科学家在他们的研究中发现了所在地区缺水意味着更大的水消耗足迹。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据第四段中Snacks—cookies, cakes and alcohol—accounted for 25 percent of the water-scarcity footprint. The research also included a glass of wine(41 liters), a single serving of potato chips(23 liters), and a small bar of milk chocolate(21 liters).可知饼干、蛋糕和酒精等零食造成了25%的缺水足迹。研究还包括一杯葡萄酒（41升），一份薯片（23升）和一小块牛奶巧克力（21升）。由此可知，如果你想降低自己的水消耗足迹，减少零食将是首先要做的事情。故划线短语“the N0.1 priority”意思为“首先要做的事情”。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中So, we need to watch what we eat, not just for our personal health but for the health of our societies.可知所以，我们需要注意我们吃什么，不仅是为了我们个人的健康，也是为了我们整个社会的健康。由此可推知，最后一段想告诉我们注意我们的饮食。故选A。
（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）
Road networks are expanding worldwide at an alarming rate. Although roads can promote economic development and improve human welfare, they can also have severe effects on wildlife populations by worsening habitat and human disturbance. Moreover, traffic disturbance from noise, lights, and motion reduces the quality of habitat near roads.
While roads are now everywhere across much of the earth, the construction of new roads will be concentrated in areas with high biodiversity value. Many of these new roads and highways will likely cross reserves or other highly biodiverse areas. Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.
Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.
We calculate road density (度), distance to the nearest road, and relative mean species abundance (MSA) to characterize how road networks influence tiger habitats. These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.
8．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The importance of creating reserves.
B．The destruction to global ecosystems.
C．The effect on biodiversity worldwide.
D．The opinion about road construction.
9．Why is road development attacked?
A．It has bad influence on tigers.
B．It causes more traffic accidents.
C．It covers too many areas.
D．It requires a quantity of funds.
10．How does the author feel about the systems of measurement?
A．Optimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Concerned. D．Astonished.
11．In which section of a website may the text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Science.
【答案】
8．C
9．A
10．A
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述通过对道路数据的研究发现，道路的发展会对野生动物的多样性造成严重影响，因为它会给它们的栖息地带来人为的干扰。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其是Although roads are one of the most important impacts on global ecosystems, we know little about how patterns in road construction will affect biodiversity in the coming decades.(虽然道路对全球生态系统最重要的影响之一，但是我们对道路建设模式在未来几十年将如何影响生物多样性知之甚少)可知，本段主要讲述了道路建设对生物多样的影响。C. The effect on biodiversity worldwide.(对全球生物多样性的影响)符合以上说法，故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的In the Russian Far East, for example, roads reduce tiger survival rates due to crashes into vehicles. In some regions, tigers avoid areas closer to public roads, suggesting that roads act as important barriers to movement. The emerging impacts of road development on tigers are critical for several reasons.(例如，在俄罗斯远东地区，因为撞到车辆，道路降低了老虎的存活率。在一些地区，老虎会避开离公里更近的地方，这表明，道路是老虎行动的主要障碍。因为一些原因，道路的发展对老虎的影响非常大。)可知，道路的发展受到抨击是因为对濒临灭绝的老虎产生了不良影响。A. It has bad influence on tigers.(它对老虎有不好的影响)符合以上说法，故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段的These systems of measurement provide starting points for range-wide monitoring and impact assessments of road development projects, thus enabling evaluation of progress toward country-level conservation and sustainable (可持续的) development goals.(这些测量系统为大范围的监测提供了起点以及道路发展项目影响的评价，从而可以评估国家级保护区的进展和可持续发展的目标)可推测，作者对该监测系统持乐观态度。A. Optimistic.(乐观的)符合以上说法，故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第三段的Here, we use a recently developed global roads data set to investigate the extent and potential influence of road networks across the 1,160,000-km,13-country range of the globally endangered tiger. (在此，我们使用最近开发的全球道路数据来调查遍布13国家、长达160万公里道路网络的范围以及对濒临灭绝的老虎的潜在影响)可知，本文是一项基于对全球道路网络数据研究结果的报告。研究和科学相关，由此推测本文很有可能出现在一个网站的科学板块。D. Science.(科学)符合以上说法，故选D项。
（2020届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟）
Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.
The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi (真菌). Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as a human body. And if the treatment for the fungal infection involves a drug similar to the fungicide encountered on the farm, Fungi may develop quickly in the human body-just as they did in the field.
An obvious solution is to use less fungicide in the field. Reducing fungicide use would not only slow the development of the drug resistance, it would help restore diversity to the fungal world. Fungicides are a must in the farming community. Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally-in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent-and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.
Just like Fungi-or, indeed, any living thing-plants continually evolve. This is how natural gene editing (基因编辑) works, and without it, we'd all still be single cells in a salty soup. Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to Fungi. But this can take centuries, so we don't have the time to wait.
On the other hand, advances in genetics have given us an understanding of nature's gene editing process in plants, helping us develop resistance to a disease. Gene editing techniques can then enable us to produce disease resistance-just as nature would do, if given enough time.
12．What can we infer about Fungi from Paragraph 2?
A．They can treat infection sometimes.
B．They don't stop developing new forms.
C．A human body is their favorite place.
D．There are no Fungi in the fields now.
13．Which of the following can replace the underlined word ''pose'' in paragraph 3?
A．Solve. B．Face.
C．Cause. D．Overcome.
14．What makes a plant produce resistance to Fungi?
A．The survival of the fittest.
B．Advances in technology.
C．The use of farm chemicals.
D．A welcoming environment.
15．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Ways to Prevent Drug-resistant Diseases
B．The Source of the Drug Resistance
C．The Popularity of Gene Editing Techniques
D．The New Theory of Natural Selection
【答案】
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近十年对作物的观察发现，作物的耐药性来自于农场。经过自然选择，最终活下的作物几乎都会对真菌产生抗体，从而产生耐药性。尽可能少的在农田里使用真菌杀虫剂，不仅可以减缓耐药性的发展，也有助于保持真菌的多样性。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段的Fungi are continually mutating (变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly.(真菌会一直变异，它的生命周期只有几天或者几周，它们很快就会变异)可推测，真菌一直都会变异成新的形式出现。B. They don't stop developing new forms.(它们不会停止发展新的形式)符合以上说法，故选B项。
13．词义猜测题。根据第三段的Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally-in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent-and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.可知，对于全球的农民来说植物病pose一个主要的问题——在一些作物上，病会使收成减少超过70%，如果不能解决这个问题就意味着经济损失。根据句意推测划线部分的意思是“造成”。C. Cause.(造成)符合以上说法，故选C项。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段的Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to Fungi.(通过自然选择，几乎任何一种植物最终都能对真菌产生抗体)可推测，最后生存下来的植物可以对真菌产生抗体。A. The survival of the fittest.(最健康的幸存者)符合以上说法，故选A项。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.(在过去的十年中，耐药性作为一个主要的健康威胁疾病出现。但，它们是在哪里产生耐药性的呢？一个令人惊讶的理论是：它们可能是在农场，而不是在医院里产生了抗药性)可知，本文主要讲述了作物的耐药性是产生于农场，而不是医院里。B. The Source of the Drug Resistance(耐药性的来源)可以作为本文标题，故选B项。
（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）
When film was first invented in the late 1800s and early 1900s, movie-goers could actually see images of far-away places, like China, and that fueled interest in the area. Throughout history, many Chinese Americans are devoted in this area. Now, the back room of the Formosa Cafe looks like a museum that honors the works of Chinese Americans and their contributions to Hollywood.
Chinese stereotypes（刻板印象）
Stereotypes of the Chinese in America were strengthened by the otherness of U.S. China towns in the late 1800s and early 1900s.There was an idea that the Chinese was the “yellow peril”, who you couldn’t trust. And that resulted in the character called Fu Manchu. Fu Manchu was an evil character who wanted to destroy the western world. He appeared in movies and in a television series. In 1926 , Charlie Chan, a Chinese investigator from Hawaii, appeared for the first time in a movie. This created a different , yet still problematic Asian stereotype.
“Yellow face” actors
Charlie Chan and Fu Manchu may have been Chinese characters, but the actors were usually white men made up to look like Asian. Actors Sidney Toler, Roland Winters and Ross Martin all played Charlie Chan. Yellow face meant they actually yellowed up their skin. White actors just played the lead characters in The Good Earth, a 1937 film about Chinese farmers. Asian actors had parts in the film, but they needed bankable actors , however , there were no Asian American bankable actors.
China factors
Over the years, Asian and Chinese Americans did find work in Hollywood, and a few earned a star on the Hollywood Walk for Fame. Hollywood is also changing the way it presents the Chinese culture. As the biggest market for movies outside the U. S, Hollywood has been making films that will not offend movie goers in China or the country’s government. The industry has been careful not to show the Chinese as evil. Co-productions between Hollywood and Chinese companies put Chinese characters and China in a favorable or satisfactory way.
1．Why is the back room of the Formosa Cafe mentioned?
A．To show appreciation for Chinese American filmmakers.
B．To display the richness of Chinese American films.
C．To attract more customers to enjoy coffee in the Formosa Cafe.
D．To recommend a place to mover goers to learn Chinese American films.
2．What can be known about Charlie Chan?
A．He could be found in a TV series.
B．He was an actor bearing evil reputation.
C．He represented investigators from Hawaii.
D．He wasn’t much appreciated by movie-goers then.
3．What can be concluded about Chinese American films?
A．Chinese actors were preferred in casting Chinese roles.
B．They focused on evil Chinese eager to ruin America.
C．China factors are positively viewed in them.
D．They have been introducing Chinese stereotypes.
【答案】
1．A
2．D
3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本篇介绍了美国电影发展史上的中国元素，突出强调电影中的中国角色，随着时代的变迁已有了根本的改变，中国元素得到美国电影界的尊重。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句Throughout history, many Chinese Americans are devoted in this area. Now, the back room of the Formosa Cafe looks like a museum that honors the works of Chinese Americans and their contributions to Hollywood.(纵观历史，许多华裔美国人都致力于这一领域。现在，Formosa Cafe的陈列室看起来像是一个纪念华裔美国人作品及其对好莱坞贡献的博物馆。)可知通过列举Formosa Cafe的陈列室来表达对华裔美国电影人的努力的赞赏之情。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。由第二段中的There was an idea that the Chinese was the “yellow peril”, who you couldn’t trust.及In 1926, Charlie Chan, a Chinese investigator from Hawaii, appeared for the first time in a movie. This created a different, yet still problematic Asian stereotype.(有一种观念认为华人是“黄祸”，你不能相信他们。1926年，来自夏威夷的中国调查员Charlie Chan首次出现在一部电影中。这创造了一个不同的，但仍然有问题存在的亚洲刻板印象。)可知Charlie Chan在当时仍然属于对亚洲人的刻板印象的角色，为不受人欢迎的角色，故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由第三段中的Charlie Chan and Fu Manchu may have been Chinese characters, but the actors were usually white men made up to look like Asian.可知当时是美国本土人演中国角色，故A项排除；B项出处为Fu Manchu这一具体角色特征，不能以点代面；根据最后一段中的Hollywood has been making films that will not offend movie goers in China or the country’s government. The industry has been careful not to show the Chinese as evil.(好莱坞一直在制作不会冒犯中国或中国政府的电影。这个行业一直小心翼翼，不把中国人展示为是邪恶的形象。)可知美国电影人不会在电影里冒犯中国，他们对中国人的印象已经有了很大的改观，所以D项排除，故选C项。
（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）
This is the colourful waste created by a Swedish city with a unique recycling system. Like many cities in Sweden，Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record. It met the EU 2020 target of recycling 50%of waste many years ago. But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home. People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories，including food，textiles, cartons（纸板箱）and metal. But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.
The reason for this becomes clear at the city’s recycling plant. The bags arrive all jumbled up because they’re collected altogether in a rush, once a fortnight from outside people’s houses. But thanks to those bright colors, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently. The food waste in green bags is processed on site into a certain thick liquid to make burnable gas, which powers the city’s buses. One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution, so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things. Like the rest of Sweden，Eskilstuna is committed to sending zero waste from its citizens to landfill. Waste that cannot be recycled is burnt at a local plant to generate electricity. This reduces reliance on fossil fuels, but does create greenhouse gases.
As countries around the world try to improve their recycling rates, some may look to Eskilstuna as an example to follow as long as they think they can persuade their citizens to get busy sorting at home.
4．What can we learn about Eskilstuna?
A．It is flooded with colorful waste.
B．It is best-known for waste-recycling.
C．Waste there is painted into seven colors.
D．Rubbish recycling is handled seriously there.
5．What does the underlined word “jumbled” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Mixed together. B．Collected orderly.
C．Sealed cautiously. D．Piled purposefully.
6．What may the new recycle-system bring about?
A．The increase in the efficiency of waste recycling.
B．The convenience to the citizens in waste dropping.
C．The avoidance of rubbish related environmental problems.
D．The decrease of profit for waste plants.
7．Where is this text most likely from?
A．Parents. B．In style.
C．Fortune. D．The New York Times.
【答案】
4．D
5．A
6．A
7．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍挪威城市埃斯基尔斯蒂纳在垃圾回收时将不同类别的垃圾用不同颜色的垃圾袋收纳的独特之举，同时分析了此种举措存在的优势。
4．细节理解题。由第一段的第四句“But almost everyone who lives here follows a strict recycling policy at home. ”和第五句“People are expected to sort their household waste into seven separate categories，including food，textiles, cartons（纸板箱）and metal.”可知，几乎所有住在这里的人们都会在家遵守严格的回收政策。人们被要求将他们的家庭垃圾分成7个独立的类别，包括食物类，纺织品类，纸板箱和金属。由此可见，在Eskilstuna垃圾回收被人们严格的执行。结合选项可知，选项D正确。
5．词义猜测题。由第二段第二句“because they’re collected altogether in a rush, once a fortnight from outside people’s houses. ”可知，因为他们是两周一次从人们房子外面匆忙的全部收集。由此可知，这些垃圾袋因为是匆忙的收集，所以到达回收厂时是混合在一起的。单词jumbled应该表达的是“混合在一起”。结合选项可知，选项A正确。
6．推理判断题。由第二段的第三句“But thanks to those bright colors, scanners can select the bags and separate them efficiently.”和第五句“One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution, so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things.”可知，但是幸亏那些鲜明的颜色，扫描机能有效地挑选垃圾袋并且将他们分开。这种回收方法的优势之一就是更少的交叉污染，所以实际上更多的回收垃圾能被使用来制作新的事物。由此可知，这种新的回收系统因为有鲜明的颜色，垃圾袋的分开变得有效，而且更多的垃圾得到回收，重新制作成新的事物，垃圾的回收率得到提升。结合选项可知，选项 A正确。
7．推理判断题。由全文内容可知，第一段第二句“Like many cities in Sweden，Eskilstuna has an impressive recycling record.”和最后一句“But what really makes the system stand out is the bright colour code.”，第二段的第五句“One of the benefits of this method of recycling is that there is less cross-pollution, so more of the recycled waste can actually be used to make new things.”和第七句“Waste that cannot be recycled is burnt at a local plant to generate electricity.”可知，像瑞典的很多城市一样，Eskilstuna有一个令人印象深刻的回收记录。使这个回收系统出色的原因是明亮的颜色代码。这个回收方法的优势之一是更少的交叉污染，所以实际上更多的回收垃圾能被使用来制作新的事物。不能回收的垃圾在当地的工厂燃烧产生电。由此可知整篇文章都是在讲述新的垃圾回收系统出色的原因和其优势，是关于环保类的话题。结合选项可知，选项D. The New York Times 《纽约时代》是属于报纸类，话题可以涵盖环保。故选项 D正确。

（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）
Chocolates, syrup（糖浆）, cream on top, many of the hot drinks we consume even more at this time of year certainly sound sugary, but just how much sugar they contain might come as a shock.
The health campaign group Action on Sugar has found that Starbucks hot chocolate made with milk has almost 94 grams of sugar. That equals 23 teaspoons. At Caffe Nero, the salted hot chocolate packs in almost 60 grams of sugar, about 15 leaspoons. And Casta’s cream latte（拿铁）has 32 grams of sugar, that’s 8 teaspoons.
The drink makers won’t have those details listed next to the price. If known, it would be quite alarming. That’s how capitalism works. The capitalists have to get people addicted to certain things to keep selling it more. If told the amount of sugar contained，many would take hot drinks just as a treat not on a daily basis. Some drinks have actually reduced in sugar over the past few years，but many more haven’t. The most sugary seasonal drink was from Starbucks with more than 14 teaspoons of sugar. Other companies like breakfast cereal manufacturers and yogurt manufacturers are reducing sugar. And so is soft drinks，yet the milk based drinks, milk shakes，hot chocolates and lattes just don’t seem to have changed in the same way.
And while some companies are actually being really responsible reducing their sugar, some have actually increased that in the last two years which just seems ridiculous. Coffee chains do offer low-calorie alternatives. But Action on Sugar are still calling for more tax on hot coffee drinks. Not much of a Christmas present for the coffee chains, but maybe a gift in the long term for our health.
8．What does the first two paragraphs mainly talk about?
A．Consumers favor sugar contained hot drinks.
B．The amount of sugar in some hot drinks is frightening.
C．Famous hot drink makers prefer hot chocolate series.
D．Cream latte is the signature hot drink for Starbucks.
9．What can we learn about hot drink makers?
A．Most of them are trying to reduce sugar in certain drinks.
B．Chocolate and syrup are irreplaceable part of their products.
C．They won’t show the consumer how much sugar a drink contains.
D．Four of them have been investigated by the health campaign group.
10．What’s the writer’s attitude toward the hot drink makers?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.
C．Objective. D．Reserved.
11．How can the sugar-originated hot drink problem be eased?
A．Taxes can be raised on hot drink makers like coffee chains.
B．More official groups like Action on Sugar could be founded.
C．Sugar content can be labeled in place of the price for hot drinks.
D．Warnings can be given to those enjoying weekly hot drinks.
【答案】
8．B
9．C
10．C
11．A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文说明了深受顾客青睐的含糖过高的饮品对健康的危害，同时也呼吁相关部门采取措施来解决热饮带来的健康问题。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Chocolates, syrup, cream on top, many of the hot drinks we consume even more at this time of year certainly sound sugary, but just how much sugar they contain might come as a shock.(巧克力，糖浆，奶油，每年这个时候我们喝得很多的热饮，听上去肯定是含糖的，但是它们的含糖量可能会让人震惊。)可知大众爱喝的热饮中含糖量高得惊人，第二段用数据来支撑第一段的观点，因此可知B项（一些热饮料中的糖含量让人震惊）符合第一二段大意，故选B项。
9．细节理解题。由第三段第一句The drink makers won’t have those details listed next to the price. If known, it would be quite alarming.(饮料制造商不会在价格旁边列出这些细节。如果人们知道的话，这将是相当令人震惊的。)可知热饮商不会将含糖量标出，故选C项。
10．推理判断题。纵览全文尤其是根据第三段中的Some drinks have actually reduced in sugar over the past few years, but many more haven’t.(在过去的几年中，一些饮料的糖分实际上已经降低了，但更多的没有减少。)及最后一段中的And while some companies are actually being really responsible reducing their sugar, some have actually increased that in the last two years which just seems ridiculous.(虽然有些公司确实有责任减少糖分，但有些公司却在过去两年里增加了糖分，这看起来很荒谬。)可知作者既肯定了部分热饮商的努力，确实用行动支持降糖，同时也指出一些热饮店的部分产品的含糖量不减反增，可以用推理得知作者的立场是理性客观地，故选C项。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的But Action on Sugar are still calling for more tax on hot coffee drinks.(但针对糖的行动仍要求对热咖啡饮料征收更多的税。)可知对热饮店加税是相对可行的举措，故选A项。
（2020届安徽省江淮十校高三第三次联考）
Do some kinds of video games cause violence? Scientific studies do not suggest a link. But the idea that there is a link between violent video games and violent acts reappeared following the mass shooting in El Paso, Texas, last weekend. An online statement thought to be written by the El Paso gunman mentioned the video game “Call of Duty”.
On Monday, President Donald Trump said that “terrifying video games” contribute to a “glorification of violence”. American politicians have long made similar statements. Benjamin Burroughs is a professor of media at the University of Las Vegas. He said that there is no linkage to gun violence, when mentioning video games. Burroughs pointed out that some studies show a short-term increase in aggressive thoughts and feelings after playing video games, but nothing that rises to the level of violence. “Plenty of gamers get upset when they lose or feel the game was ‘cheating’, but it doesn’t lead to violent outputs,” Burroughs stressed.
In 2006, a small study by researchers at Indiana University found that teenagers who played violent video games showed higher levels of emotional arousal（激发）—strong emotions like anger or fear. The teenagers also showed less activity in the parts of the brain associated with the ability to plan，control and direct thoughts and behavior.
Patrick Markey，the psychology professor，found in his research that men who commit severe acts of violence actually play violent video games less than the average male. Another study by Markey and other researchers showed that violence tends to go down when a new violent movie or video game comes out. One possible explanation is that people are at home playing the game or in theaters watching the movie. Markey believes that video games might excite people, but they do not change who people are. “It is like going to see a sad movie,” Markey said of playing video games. “It might make you cry but it doesn’t make you clinically depressed,” he said.
12．Why is the mass shooting in EI Paso, Texas mentioned in the first paragraph?
A．To show the necessity of scientific studies.
B．To support the writer’s own viewpoint.
C．To show the seriousness of violent acts.
D．To serve as evidence for the assumption.
13．What are the similarities between Benjamin Burroughs and Patrick Markey?
A．Both are specialists in psychology in the USA．
B．Both acknowledge video game roused emotional change.
C．Both present their ideas through doing research.
D．Both worry about the potential dangers caused by video games.
14．What can be learned about the research in 2006?
A．Teenagers tested in it become more emotional.
B．Its findings set alarm for young video game players.
C．Teenagers mentioned in it mainly come from Indiana.
D．Its researchers are strongly for banning video games.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Violence—a by-product of video games.
B．Video games—the cause of violence or not.
C．Video games—the promoter of the mass shoot.
D．Violence—a threat for game players or not.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本篇主要阐述暴力事件频发与网络暴力游戏的关系，介绍了在此领域的一些研究发现，和专家学者的思考。
12．推理判断题。由第一段第二句But the idea that there is a link between violent video games and violent acts reappeared following the mass shooting in El Paso“但在埃尔帕索发生大规模枪击案后，暴力视频游戏和暴力行为之间的联系再次出现。”可知由于最近爆发的恐怖袭击事件，引发了人们对于暴力游戏引发暴力事件的猜想，二者为论据与论点的关系，故选D。
13．细节推理题。由第二段第一句“Benjamin Burroughs is a professor of media”，可知两位并不都从事于心理学研究，故A项排除；纵览全文对Benjamin Burroughs的描述只提及他借用他人的研究未提及他白己的研究，故C项排除；由第二段第四句“He said that there is no linkage to gun violence, when mentioning video games.”，和第四段倒数第三句“Markey believes that video games might excite people, but they do not change who people are.”可知二者都不认同网络游戏会对玩家有伤害，故D项排除；由第一段第五句中“Burroughs pointed that some studies show a short-term increase in aggressive thoughts and feelings after playing video games，”以及最后一段倒数第三句，可知二者皆认同网络游戏对玩家情绪的影响，故选B。
14．细节理解题。由第三段第一句“teenagers who played violent video games showed higher levels of emotional arousal（激发）-strong emotions like anger or fear.”“玩暴力电子游戏的青少年表现出较高的情绪唤醒水平——强烈的情绪，如愤怒或恐惧。”可知游戏玩家游戏过后会有情绪波动，而其他选项信息文中木涉及，故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"Do some kinds of video games cause violence? "及全文内容可知，本文围绕游戏与暴力的关系展开讨论，向读者介绍当前学者们对于网络游戏是否引发暴力事件的研究发现。故选B。
（2020届福建省福州市高三二模）
Want to be more successful? If so, then you need to read a few self-help books. Here are four popular ones to get you going.
59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard Wiseman
This is a self-help book with a difference. Wiseman, a scientist, uses science to prove many self-help myths(神话) are false. For example, self-help books say that if you want to achieve a goal, you should visualize it. But Wiseman says that's the worst thing to do. Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal.
How to Win Friends& Influence People ( 1936) —by Dale Carnegie
This is the book that launched the self-help type. Carnegie says financial success is 15% professional knowledge and 85% the ability to express ideas, assume leadership, and motivate people. The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you.
The Millionaire Next Door (1996) by Thomas Stanley & Wlliam Danko
The authors of this book spent years interviewing American millionaires to figure out the secrets of their success. And they discovered that a majority of millionaires don't live luxury lifestyles. They're rich because they live below their means and reinvest what they earn.
Who Moved My Cheese? (1998)-by Spencer Johnson
Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life, published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable. The text describes change in one's work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “little people”，during their hunt for cheese.
1．What is the key to achieving success in 59 Seconds?
A．To employ science. B．To follow examples.
C．To picture procedures. D．To visualize the goal.
2．What is Dale Carnegie's book mainly about?
A．How to master occupational knowledge. B．How to apply practical techniques.
C．How to gain strong management. D．How to become popular persons.
3．Which book can help you adapt to change in your life?
A．59 Seconds B．Who Moved My Cheese?
C．The Millionaire Next Door D．How to Win Friends& Influence People
【答案】
1．C
2．D
3．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四本有助于变得更成功的自助书籍。
1．细节理解题。根据59 Seconds ( 2009) by Richard Wiseman部分中Studies show that you need to visualize the steps required to achieve the goal.可知研究表明，你需要设想实现目标所需的步骤。由此可知，要想在59秒内取得成功，关键是要把步骤想象出来。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据How to Win Friends& Influence People ( 1936) —by Dale Carnegie部分中The book is full of practical advice on how to influence people by making them like you.可知这本书里有很多实用的建议，教你如何通过让别人喜欢你来影响别人。由此可知，Dale Carnegie的书主要讲了如何成为受欢迎的人。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Who Moved My Cheese? An Amazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and in Your Life, published on September 8, 1998, is a motivational business fable. The text describes change in one's work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two “little people”，during their hunt for cheese.可知1998年9月8日出版的《谁动了我的奶酪？处理工作和生活变化的神奇方法》是一个励志的商业寓言。文章描述了工作和生活的变化，以及两只老鼠和两个“小人物”在寻找奶酪的过程中对这些变化的四种典型反应。由此可知，《谁动了我的奶酪？》这本书可以帮助你适应生活中的变化。故选B。
（2020届福建省福州市高三二模）
When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father's farm. At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing. Finally, the village where he lived gave him a little money to Paris to study art.
When Millet reached Paris, he had a tough time. Fortunately, when he was almost starving, someone bought one of his peasant paintings, which enabled his family to leave for Barbizon.
Millet's pictures of peasants at work were painted in a unique way. The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefully—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen. So astonishingly accurate was his memory that he could paint at home without models and get all the movements of his figures right. When he did need a figure to go by, he would ask his wife to pose for him.
One of his noted artworks is called “The Sower”, which shows a man seeding. He reaches into his bag for seed and then swings backward to scatter the seed, and with each swing of his hand the sower strides forward. In Millet's picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the man's head reveals his great tiredness.
Another masterpiece is called “The Gleaners”. A gleaner is someone picking up the leftover in the field after the wheat harvest. When farmers near Barbizon are extremely badly-off, even the little the gleaners can find is a help. You can see from Millet's picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be.
4．What do we know about Millet?
A．His wife supported him to be a painter. B．He was keen on painting as a kid.
C．He spent his whole life in Barbizon. D．He was brought up in Paris.
5．How did he paint the laboring farmers?
A．Asking models for help. B．Imagining figures in the field.
C．Remembering what he had observed. D．Recalling the days on his father's farm.
6．What do Millet's works convey?
A．The farmers' hardships. B．The scene of farming.
C．His love for the village. D．His anxiety about the farmers.
7．What painting style of Millet can be inferred from the text?
A．Impressionistic. B．Abstract.
C．Romantic. D．Realistic.
【答案】
4．B
5．C
6．A
7．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Millet从小就喜欢画画，他的画作主要描绘了农民劳动时的场景。他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民，且Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。文章最后介绍了他的两幅作品。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中When Millet was a boy he worked on his needy father's farm.At the rest hour in the fields the other workers would all take naps, but young Millet would spend time drawing.可知,当小米还是个孩子的时候，他在他父亲的农场工作。在田间休息的时候，其他的工人都会打盹，但小Millet会花时间画画。由此可知，Millet从小就喜欢画画。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中The painter would go out on the farms and watch them carefully—digging, hoeing, spreading manure, sawing wood, or sowing grain. Then he would come home and paint what he had seen.可知画家会到农场去，看他们仔细地挖土、锄地、撒肥料、锯木头或播种。然后他回到家，把他所看到的画出来。由此可知，他通过记住他所观察到的来描绘劳动的农民。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中In Millet's picture the sower has been working hard, but his swinging step and arm still move smoothly, like a machine. Only the man's head reveals his great tiredness.可知在Millet的画中，播种者一直在努力工作，但他摆动的步伐和手臂仍然流畅地移动，像一台机器。只有这个男人的头部显露出他极度的疲惫。以及最后一段中You can see from Millet's picture what back-breaking work gleaning must be.可知从Millet的画中可以看出，拾穗是一项多么累人的工作。由此可推知，Millet的作品传达了农民的艰辛。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Millet通过观察劳动的农民来进行作画，以及最后两段描述Millet作品中农民耕作时现实的形象，由此可推知，Millet的绘画风格是现实主义的。故选D。
（2020届福建省福州市高三二模）
Inaccessible Island is well named. It is an uninhabited rock in the South Atlantic ocean. Go there, though, and you will find its coast is covered with litter.
That has been the experience of Peter Ryan of the University of Cape Town, in South Africa. Since 1984 Dr. Ryan has been visiting Inaccessible, recording the litter stranded on the island's beaches. This week, he has published the results.
Though Inaccessible is indeed remote, the nature of oceanic circulation means that this is exactly the sort of place where floating rubbish tends to accumulate.
Dr. Ryan and his colleagues focused on one particular class of litter: bottles. Their definition of a bottle included jars and containers, and things made of metal, glass or polymer. Most, though, were of polyethylene terephthalate , a light plastic.
A particular advantage of picking bottles to investigate is that they are often stamped with their country of manufacture. That enabled Dr. Ryan to analyze the history of oceanic littering. He analyzed the proportions of bottles from various geographical sources. In 1989 the preponderance (优势) of them (67%) was South American. Twenty years later, in 2009, bottles made in Asia contributed more or less equally (44%) with South American ones (41%). By 2018 the overwhelming (压倒性的) majority (74%) were Asian.
This geographical shift speaks volumes. The first sample suggests most litter arriving on Inaccessible had been washed off the land or dropped from coastal shipping — South America being a relatively nearby continent. The other two, with their rising proportions of rubbish from Asia, which is too far from the island for it to have floated there, strongly suggest it was crews’ empties being flung from ships. Such littering is banned — which, ironically, came into force in 1989. But evidently a lot of ships’ captains do not care. They permit the dumping of rubbish over the side, regardless.
12．What leads to litter gathering on Inaccessible Island?
A．The natural phenomenon of ocean currents. B．Too many people’s activities on the island.
C．The litter’s floating around the island. D．The island’s remote location.
13．Why does Dr. Ryan choose bottles as subjects?
A．It is easy to analyze them. B．It is possible to figure out their sources.
C．There are stamps attached to them. D．They contribute most to oceanic littering.
14．What does the underlined word “flung” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cast away. B．Given away.
C．Carried out. D．Put out.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic Bottles Washed up on Inaccessible Island
B．Geographical Factors Accounting for More Rubbish
C．Plastic Pollution Worsening on Remote Atlantic
D．A Bottled up Rubbish Problem on Inaccessible Island
【答案】
12．A
13．B
14．A
15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。Peter Ryan和他的同事们的一项研究发现Inaccessible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的，文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原因的，他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的，或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。
12．细节理解题。根据第三段Though Inaccessible is indeed remote, the nature of oceanic circulation means that this is exactly the sort of place where floating rubbish tends to accumulate.可知，虽然Inaccessible岛的确很遥远，但海洋环流的性质意味着这里正是漂浮垃圾容易堆积的地方。由此可知，洋流的自然现象导致了Inaccessible岛的垃圾堆积。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段中A particular advantage of picking bottles to investigate is that they are often stamped with their country of manufacture.可知，挑选瓶子进行调查的一个特别优点是，它们通常都印有生产国家的标志。由此可知，Ryan博士选择瓶子作为实验对象是因为这样可能可以弄清瓶子的来源。故选B。
14．词义猜测题。根据上文The other two, with their rising proportions of rubbish from Asia, which is too far from the island for it to have floated there, strongly suggest it was crews’ empties being可知，另外两艘船中，来自亚洲的垃圾越来越多，因为亚洲离该岛太远，不可能漂浮在岛上，这有力地说明了这是船员从船上丢弃的空垃圾。由此可知，划线单词意思为“丢弃”。A. Cast away.丢弃；B. Given away.分发；C. Carried out.实施；D. Put out.熄灭。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段Inaccessible Island is well named. It is an uninhabited rock in the South Atlantic ocean. Go there, though, and you will find its coast is covered with litter.可知，Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。结合文章主要介绍了Inaccessible岛的名字很好。它是南大西洋的一块无人居住的岩石。然而，去那里，你会发现它的海岸到处都是垃圾。Peter Ryan和他的同事们的一项研究发现Inaccessible岛上的垃圾堆积的原因是因为洋流导致的，文章还说明了他们是如何进行调查从而发现这一原因的，他们发现岛上的垃圾都是从陆地上被冲走的，或者是从沿海的船只上扔下的。由此可知，D选项“Inaccessible岛上的垃圾问题”最符合文章标题，故选D。
（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）
Here are apps that can help you make a schedule and a budget, take better notes, organize a big project, and stay safe. Check out these apps to get a head-start on being on top of your life!
Flashcards Deluxe
Price: $3.99
Platform: iOS and Android
Flashcards can be a very effective way to study, and Flashcards Deluxe makes creating them very easy. You can input information right into the app, make cards with up to five sides, and even add pictures and sounds to cards. The app can be set to automatically tum of cards that you get correct so you can focus more on the ones you got wrong.
Circle of 6U
Price: free
Platform: Android, iOS
When you're on a college campus, walking home late at night can be frightening. So, make sure to download Circle of 6 U, which helps you feel more secure. Not only does it help you find your location, but it makes communicating with your trusted friends easier. Once you build a network of trusted contacts in the app, it lets you send a pre-edited group message, with your location to all of them in two taps.
CampusBooks
Price: free
Platform: iOS, Android
The CampusBooks app helps you get the lowest price when you're buying or renting textbooks, and helps you get the highest price when you're ready to sell! If you need a book right away, you'll be shown the closest stores and libraries that have your book in stock.
Dragon Dictation
Price: free
Platform: iOS
Dictating homework and emails to the Dragon Dictation app can save you time! You can send your dictation to a text, email, or paste it into any application. The included editor will suggest words, and the app will improve its accuracy over time as it gets to know your voice. It also works in many languages other than English.
1．Which app can you choose for safety concern?
A．Flashcards Deluxe. B．Circle of 6U.
C．CampusBooks. D．Dragon Dictation.
2．What can Dragon Dictation do?
A．It can add pictures to your email. B．It can save your money on books.
C．It can correct your spelling mistakes. D．It can recognize many languages.
3．Who is the text mainly intended for?
A．Students. B．Librarians.
C．Businessmen. D．Programmers.
【答案】
1．B
2．D
3．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对学生介绍了四款应用程序。
1．细节理解题。根据Circle of 6U部分中When you're on a college campus, walking home late at night can be frightening. So, make sure to download Circle of 6 U, which helps you feel more secure.可知当你在大学校园里，深夜走路回家可能会很可怕。所以，一定要下载Circle of 6u，这会让你感觉更安全。由此可知，出于安全考虑，你可以选择Circle of 6U。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据最后一段中It also works in many languages other than English.可知除了英语，它还适用于许多语言。由此可知，Dragon Dictation能识别许多语言。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据Circle of 6U部分中When you're on a college campus, walking home late at night can be frightening.(当你在大学校园里，深夜走路回家可能会很可怕)以及CampusBooks部分中The CampusBooks app helps you get the lowest price when you're buying or renting textbooks, and helps you get the highest price when you're ready to sell!(当你购买或租借教科书时，CampusBooks应用程序可以帮助你获得最低的价格，当你准备出售时，帮助你获得最高的价格)由此可推知，文章主要是写给学生的。故选A。
（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）
China’s 40-year-long process of reform and opening up meant foreign influences gaining a foothold in the country. But now, the process can also be viewed in the opposite way. The outside world is opening up as a receptacle for Chinese culture. Where once it was all a matter of Chinese people fascinated by Hollywood movies, a new “soft power” trend is taking Chinese pop music, TV series and novels to appreciative audiences abroad.
Englishwoman Hollie Sowden and American Nora Wilson developed a website called “Written Chinese,” with a Chinese woman named Chamcen Liu. The website provides a dictionary and other Mandarin learning tools. Wilson says, “At the beginning, it was just a Facebook page where we posted characters, their meanings and example sentences. That page expanded like crazy, with nearly 280,000 followers. That’s why we decided to develop a dictionary app and then the website.”
Sowden and Wilson aren’t the only eager to tap world interest in China.
Years ago, groups formed in the US to provide English subtitles for popular Chinese TV dramas. There are also websites translating Chinese novels, especially fantasy series. Wuxiaworld and Gravity Tales are two examples, with tens of thousands of followers on their Facebook pages.
Chinese music, too, is walking through the open door that once was a one-way street. Melody C2E is a student club at the Shanghai International Studies University, which is trying to spread Chinese pop songs to the world. It now has around 300,000 subscribers. The inspiration is rooted in 2016, when Pan Jianghao heard a youth envoy (公使) for the United Nations say that the world wanted to hear more from Chinese young people. Motivated by his words, Pan and Lin Hongying decided to found a new musical group and share Chinese pop, songs with the rest of the world via English translation.
4．What does the underlined word “receptacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Container. B．Source.
C．Center. D．Foundation.
5．What do we know about "Written Chinese'"?
A．It has nearly 280,000 followers. B．It helps learn Chinese characters.
C．It involves daily living in China. D．It is developed by two foreigners.
6．Why was Melody C2E set up?
A．To motivate Chinese young people.
B．To preserve Chinese traditional songs.
C．To improve its members' translation skills.
D．To introduce Chinese pop songs to the globe.
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．Foreign Websites with a Chinese Touch
B．Competition Leading to a Culture Boom
C．China's Cultural Footprint on Foreign Shores
D．Reform and Opening up Shaping a New Generation
【答案】
4．A
5．B
6．D
7．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了随着中国改革开放的不断推进，外界也在接受中国的文化。英国人Hollie Sowden和美国人Nora Wilson与中国人Chamcen Liu共同开发了一个网站，以供外国人了解和学习中国文化。
4．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“China’s 40-year-long process of reform and opening up meant foreign influences gaining a foothold in the country. But now, the process can also be viewed in the opposite way.”可知，中国长达40年的改革开放进程意味着外国将在该国有一定的影响力，但现在，也可以用相反的方式看待这一进程。即下一句意为：外部世界正在成为中国文化的容器，即外界也在向中国开放来接受中国的文化。结合选项可知，A项（容器）可以解释划线词，表示外国也成为了接受中国文化的“容器”。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“ The website provides a dictionary and other Mandarin learning tools. Wilson says, “At the beginning, it was just a Facebook page where we posted characters, their meanings and example sentences. That page expanded like crazy, with nearly 280,000 followers. That’s why we decided to develop a dictionary app and then the website.””可知，该网站提供了词典和其他普通话学习工具。威尔逊说：“一开始，它只是一个Facebook页面，我们发布了汉字，它们的含义和例句。该页面后来拥有近280,000的关注者。这就是为什么我们决定开发字典应用程序，然后再开发这个网站的原因”。由此可知，这个网站帮助了外国人学习汉字。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Melody C2E is a student club at the Shanghai International Studies University, which is trying to spread Chinese pop songs to the world.”可知，Melody C2E是上海外国语大学的一个学生俱乐部，它正打算向世界传播中文流行歌曲。即上外建立Melody C2E俱乐部的原因是向世界介绍中国流行歌曲。故选D。
7．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了随着中国改革开放的不断推进，外界也在接受中国的文化。英国人Hollie Sowden和美国人Nora Wilson与中国人Chamcen Liu共同开发了一个网站，以供外国人了解和学习中国文化。即C项(具有中国特色的外国网站)可以作为文章的标题。故选C。
（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）
It was a red-letter day in the history of medicine-“Target Zero Day”, May 8th, 1980, marking the complete removal of smallpox, a terrifying disease. It was untreatable but, luckily, it turned out that vaccination (接种疫苗) provided good protection- -and that mass immunization (免疫) could wipe out the small- pox virus by blocking its spread.
According to legend, vaccination was invented by Dr Edward Jenner. Jenner showed that healthy children vaccinated with cowpox, a mild infection of cattle, could not catch smallpox. He was supposedly inspired by a comment from a local milkmaid, but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fester, who had experimented with cowpox. Nevertheless, Jenner deserves credit for introducing vaccination into the medical mainstream with his paper published in 1798.
In 1966, 160 years after the prediction that vaccination would clean off the disease, the World Health Organization launched its Smallpox Eradication Programme. This heroic 1-year drive was directed by two American public health doctors, DA Henderson and Bill Forge. Their hardships were enormous: One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed; Henderson promised to send him the tyre and wished him good appetite. But Henderson and Foege's hard work paid off--three years after the last smallpox case was informed (to make sure no outbreaks had been missed) Target Zero Day was declared.
40 years on, should we remember Target Zero Day? First, to celebrate victory of preventative medicine and freedom from a cruel disease. Then, we must remember the victims of smallpox. It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide. In 1914, a Canadian professor warned against forgetting smallpox, which was fast disappearing from North America. It went on to kill at least another 250 million people -- three times more than both world wars combined. Target Zero Day also reminds us of undefeated infections, including polio, measles, malaria, and of course the coronavirus Covid-19. Let's recognize Target Zero Day for what it is: a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.
8．What inspired Jenner to invent the vaccination?
A．A medical friend. B．A local milkmaid.
C．Cattle. D．Children.
9．What is the writer's purpose of mentioning the WHO official's promise?
A．To introduce the support from the WHO.
B．To stress the importance of good appetite.
C．To suggest the difficulty in removing smallpox.
D．To show his determination to carry on the drive.
10．Where can you find the figures that best support “smallpox is a terrifying disease?
A．In paragraph 1. B．In paragraph 2.
C．In paragraph 3. D．In paragraph 4.
11．What message does the text convey?
A．A promise made is a debt unpaid. B．A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
C．Something is better than nothing. D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】
8．A
9．C
10．D
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。1980年5月8日的“零目标日”是医学史上一个值得纪念的日子，标志着天花这一可怕疾病被彻底根除。文章介绍了天花疫苗的发明，在1966年世界卫生组织启动的根除天花计划，在两位美国公共卫生医生的努力下实现“零目标日”，这是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中He was supposedly inspired by a comment from a local milkmaid, but there is evidence that the idea came from a medical friend, John Fester, who had experimented with cowpox.可知据推测，他的灵感来自当地一个挤奶女工的评论，但有证据表明，这个想法来自他的一个医学朋友John Fester，他曾试验过牛痘。由此可知，一个医生朋友激发了Jenner发明疫苗。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中Their hardships were enormous: One WHO official even promised to eat a tyre if smallpox was removed…可知他们的困难是巨大的：一位官员甚至承诺，如果天花被清除，他将吃掉一个轮胎……由此可推知，作者提及世界卫生组织官员的承诺的目的是暗示根除天花的困难。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中It had previously killed 1 in 12 worldwide. In 1914, a Canadian professor warned against forgetting smallpox, which was fast disappearing from North America. It went on to kill at least another 250 million people - three times more than both world wars combined.可知在此之前，全世界有1 / 12的人死于该病。1914年，一位加拿大教授警告人们不要忘记天花，天花在北美正迅速消失。它还造成了至少2.5亿人死亡，是两次世界大战死亡人数总和的三倍。由此可推知，第4段能找到支持“天花是一种可怕疾病”的数据。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Let's recognize Target Zero Day for what it is: a milestone in world history and a monument to the art of the possible.可知让我们认识到“零目标日”的意义：它是世界历史上的一个里程碑，是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。结合文章介绍了1980年5月8日的“零目标日”是医学史上一个值得纪念的日子，标志着天花这一可怕疾病被彻底根除。文章介绍了天花疫苗的发明，在1966年世界卫生组织启动的根除天花计划，在两位美国公共卫生医生的努力下实现“零目标日”，这是展现可能性的艺术的一座纪念碑。由此可推知，这篇文章传达了“心之所愿，无事不成”的观点。故选D。
（2020届福建省厦门市高三第二次质检）
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration (迁移) paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic (遗传的) code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. Take the Cory's shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory's shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the "exploration-refinement", and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals' movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the "exploration-refinement" for migratory birds," says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory's shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults- but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, ‘exploration refinement’ could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”
12．The first paragraph mainly .
A．describes animals' habitats B．talks about migration models
C．compares different species D．introduces a tracking technology
13．What does the underlined word "this" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The long life of Cory's shearwaters.
B．The way Cory's shearwaters form their migration patterns.
C．The opening for learning and practice.
D．The process scientists track Cory's shearwaters' movements.
14．What docs Letizia Campioni's study find about the younger Cory's shearwaters?
A．They travel as much as adult birds.
B．They move in a predictable manner.
C．They lower the speed for exploration.
D．They look for a course with their parents.
15．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Man-made changes make migration easier.
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C．Course exploration contributes to birds' adaptability.
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success.
【答案】
12．B
13．B
14．C
15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员最近发现一种不同于一般动物的迁徙模式，以科里的剪水鹱为例，它是一种每年在大西洋上空迁徙的海鸟。研究发现，剪水鹱中，年轻的比年长的走得更远，时间更长，路径也更多样化。这证明了候鸟的“改进探索”的存在，在瞬息万变的世界里，“改进探索”可能对鸟类和其他生物有益。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration. (像鲸鱼和鹅这样的野生动物通过跟随它们的父母来学习迁徙路线。其他动物，包括小型鸣禽，在其遗传密码中获得它们迁徙的距离和方向。一些动物利用遗传和文化的结合来指导它们的迁徙。)可知第一段提到像鲸鱼和鹅这样的野生动物及其他动物的迁徙模式，因此第一段主要描述了不同的迁徙模式，故选B项。
13．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the“exploration-refinement”(科里的剪水鹱是长寿的，很少能在九岁之前成功地生产出幼崽。这为学习和实践提供时间，以开发他们的迁徙模式。研究人员称之为“改进探索”)可知划横线的上文提到剪水鹱的长寿的特点及不断开发迁徙模式。因此划横线的this指的是剪水鹱形成迁徙模式的方式。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring(年轻的科里剪水鹱能够飞得和成年剪水鹱一样快，但它们不这样做，这表明年轻剪水鹱会做更多的探索)可知Letizia Campioni所做的研究发现，年轻的科里剪水鹱为了进行探索而降低了飞行速度。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“exploration refinement” could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes. It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.(“探索改良”可能对迅速变化的世界中的鸟类和其他生物体有益。”“重复最近成功的行为，可能比依赖很久以前已经完善但可能不再安全的模式更安全。”)可知“改进探索”有助于鸟类在瞬息万变的世界里更好得生存下去，因此可推出探索迁徙路线会有助于鸟类的适应性。故选C项。
（2020届广东省高三模拟一）
Africa Water Week -nearly one billion people around the world have no access to drinking water, that lack of clean water association with un-proper hygiene and shortage of toilets kills 3. 3 million a year. And this is a common problem in many parts of the developing world, but its effect is not widely known, according to experts at the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting.
As part of the World Water Day tradition, the center is screening films about international water issues at the Environmental Film Festival in Washington, D．C．The films describe a variety of conflicts over water.
“The challenge in presenting these films,” says Peter Sawyer, project coordinator at the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, “is to share with a wider audience the urgent issues surrounding water. Our goal for this screening is to just get these issues out there,” he says. “We don't feel that they attract public attention and we think that they should because they are really important.”
In Dhaka's Challenge, filmmaker Stephen Sapienza explores one of the fastest growing cities in Asia. He says one-third of the 15 million people in the Bangladeshi capital live in places where safe water is limited. Each year 400, 000 newcomers join Dhaka's urban poor. City water from Dhaka's Water and Sewer Authority (WASA) comes at a price, available only to land owners. The film records how a non-profit group helped change the law to give the same equal water rights to the urban poor.
Diabalok Sing Ha, who is the group's founder, said, “A win-win situation actually occurred because Dhaka WASA wanted their incomes and on the other hand, poor people wanted the service and they immediately see the economic advantage of getting Dhaka WASA water supply because that is cheap, so they immediately buy in.”
“My story was just trying to point out that these problems are solvable on some level even if you have to start small and it's possible in the long run to save many lives,” says Sapienza.
8．Which of the following is the main purpose of the films?
A．To show the number of people lacking clean water.
B．To let more people know the serious water problems.
C．To attract people to pay attention to the world conflicts.
D．To get people to have a good knowledge of water.
9．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A．Ways to get cheap water. B．The film Dhaka's Challenge.
C．Filmmaker Stephen Sapienza. D．A non-profit group.
10．Which of the following does Diabalok Sing Ha agree with?
A．Most people can't afford the water supply.
B．Rich people in Dhaka will buy in at once.
C．Poor people in Dhaka need the service of water.
D．Dhaka WAS A will see soon the economic advantage.
11．What does Sapienza intend to tell us by making the film Dhaka's Challenge?
A．The problem of water can possibly be solved.
B．All the people cannot get city water from WASA．
C．A win-win situation is expected by every filmmaker.
D．Dhaka WASA is very popular with the local people.
【答案】
8．B
9．B
10．C
11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。世界各地近10亿人无法获得饮用水，普利策危机报道中心的专家表示，在许多发展中国家，这是一个普遍问题，但其影响并不广为人知。作为世界水日传统的一部分，该中心正在华盛顿特区的环境电影节上放映有关国际水资源问题的影片《Dhaka的挑战》。文章还说明了这一电影的目的、内容以及人们对影片的看法。
8．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The challenge in presenting these films,” says Peter Sawyer, project coordinator at the Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting, “is to share with a wider audience the urgent issues surrounding water. Our goal for this screening is to just get these issues out there,” he says.可知“呈现这些影片的挑战，”普利策危机报道中心的项目协调员Peter Sawyer说，“是要与更广泛的观众分享与水有关的紧迫问题。我们的筛选目标就是让这些问题浮出水面，”他说。由此可知，电影的主要目的是让更多的人知道严重的水问题。故选B。
9．主旨大意题。根据第四段中In Dhaka's Challenge, filmmaker Stephen Sapienza explores one of the fastest growing cities in Asia.可知在《Dhaka的挑战》中，导演斯Stephen Sapienza探索了亚洲发展最快的城市之一。结合后文The film records how a non-profit group helped change the law to give the same equal water rights to the urban poor.可知影片记录了一个非营利组织如何帮助修改法律，给予城市贫民同等的用水权利。由此可知，第4段主要讲了电影《Dhaka的挑战》。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中A win-win situation actually occurred because Dhaka WASA wanted their incomes and on the other hand, poor people wanted the service and they immediately see the economic advantage of getting Dhaka WASA water supply because that is cheap, so they immediately buy in.可知双赢的局面出现了，因为Dhaka WASA需要他们的收入，而另一方面，穷人想要这项服务，他们立即看到了获得Dhaka WASA供水的经济优势，因为它很便宜，所以他们立即购买。由此可推知，Diabalok Sing Ha赞同Dhaka的穷人需要水。故选C。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“My story was just trying to point out that these problems are solvable on some level even if you have to start small and it's possible in the long run to save many lives,” says Sapienza.可知Sapienza 说：“我的故事只是试图指出，这些问题在某种程度上是可以解决的，即使你必须从小处着手，但从长远来看，拯救许多人的生命是可能的。”由此可知，通过制作电影《Dhaka的挑战》，Sapienza想告诉我们水的问题是有可能解决的。故选A。
（2020届广东省梅州市高三总复习质检）
If you are crazy about paintings, you shouldn’t miss the following four famous masterpieces which have stood the test of time.
The Arnolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck’s Arnolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck’s heavy use of symbolism—while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas(帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Rémy -de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modern Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh’s most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It depicts the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp, commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title “Guernica” refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofaí in Madrid.
1．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest?
A．The Arnolfini Portrait B．The Starry Night.
C．The Harvesters. D．Guernica.
2．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night?
A．It was painted on wood in oil.
B．It wasn’t widely recognized before 1941.
C．It described the painter’s life in hospital.
D．It was given away to the museum by a collector.
3．Who created the painting describing the tragedy of war?
A．Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B．Vincent van Gogh.
C．Jan van Eyck. D．Pablo Picasso.
【答案】
1．A
2．B
3．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四幅名画——从扬·凡·艾克的肖像画到巴勃罗·毕加索的杰作。它们都经受住了时间的考验。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段The Amolfini Portrait中的Jan van Eyck’s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434.第三段The Starry Night中的during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint-Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890.第四段The Harvesters中的The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.和第五段Guernica中的Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.可知，The Amolfini Portrait是最早创作的画。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据The Starry Night中的When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh's most famous works.(1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中买下这幅画时，它并不为人所知，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一。)可知，The Starry Night在1941年之前没有被广泛认可。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据Guernica的Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.(格尔尼卡是一幅黑白相间的大型油画，由古巴画家巴勃罗·毕加索于1937年创作。)和The painting depicts the horrors of war and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war.(这幅画描绘了战争的恐怖，因此成为反战的象征，并提醒人们战争的悲剧。) 可推断，巴勃罗·毕加索创造的油画描述了战争的悲剧。故选D。

（2020届广东省梅州市高三总复习质检）
The killdeer, a small bird known for its high-pitched call, could lead to the cancellation of one of Canada’ biggest music festivals.
The first hint of trouble for Ottawa’s Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds. It had laid four eggs nearby, effectively claiming the main stage area as its nesting ground. “This is one of the most challenging problems we’ve been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,” said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.
“Anything that changes the schedule has a major effect, so we’re taking it very seriously.” The discovery meant that government officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs, hiring a security guard to watch over them 24 hours a day. Environmentalists were also brought in.
“We don’t know when the eggs might hatch,” said Monahan. What is known is that the young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon after they are hatched, leading many to hope that the eggs hatch in the next day or so.
The festival is now seeking permission from Environment Canada to relocate the nest some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center. Moving the nest would also ensure the bird and its young would be protected during the festival’s 11-day run, said Monahan. It’s highly likely that the festival’s thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.
Monahan was confident that the festival would go on as planned, however. “Most of the people we’re working with are looking for a positive solution,” Monahan said. “There is no one saying that the festival can’t go on.”
As news of the dilemma spread, it left residents divided. Some supported the bird, saying that moving the nest might result in the eggs being abandoned. Others expressed annoyance that protecting the eggs of the small bird, which is widespread across North America, was risking an annual festival that contributes millions of dollars to the local economy.
The killdeer’s tendency to build its nest in open fields or flat areas has caused issues in other areas of the US: earlier this year, construction on a health center in Wisconsin was temporarily stopped after a killdeer and its four eggs were discovered.
8．Which is TRUE about Bluesfest?
A．It is the first music festival in Canada.
B．It is an important event for music lovers.
C．It is a music festival held every two years.
D．It is a challenging outdoor activity in Ottawa.
9．What was especially challenging for Bluesfest this year?
A．Pressure from the government.
B．Disagreements with the public.
C．The need to protect the bird’s eggs.
D．The lack of experience in hosting the event.
10．How did the festival plan to deal with the problem?
A．Move the nest to another place.
B．Ask government officials for help.
C．Seek advice from environmentalists.
D．Hire security guards to protect the eggs.
11．What was Monahan’s attitude toward hosting the festival?
A．Negative. B．Indifferent.
C．Unsure. D．Positive.
【答案】
8．B
9．C
10．A
11．D
【解析】本文是说明文。对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐事件Bluesfest,，在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把主要舞台区域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段The first hint of trouble for Ottawa’s Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds.可知，渥太华的Bluesfest，是一个每年吸引约30万人参加的户外节日。因此Bluesfest,对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段It had laid four eggs nearby, effectively claiming the main stage area as its nesting ground.可知，小水鸟在舞台附近下了4个蛋，和“This is one of the most challenging problems we’ve been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,” said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.(音乐节执行总监说：“这是我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题”。)可知，保护鸟蛋是今年Bluesfest面临挑战的事情。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段的The festival is now seeking permission from Environment Canada to relocate(搬迁)the nest some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center.(现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到50米外，或带到野生动物中心)可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的Monahan was confident that the festival would go on as planned, however.(然而，莫纳汉相信这个节日会按计划进行。)可知，Monahan对本次音乐节如期举行充满信心。故选D。
（2020届广东省梅州市高三总复习质检）
Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: First, they are not trained in how to be creative. Second, they don’t understand group strength well enough to harness(驾驭) their power to maximize group creativity.
A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.
To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence(分散) and convergence(集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.
The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, it makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.
Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence.
When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members. Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.
This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.
12．We can infer that the traditional brainstorming methods ______.
A．enable people to form more ideas together
B．greatly encourage group creativity
C．actually limit group creativity
D．prevent people’s involvement in the problems
13．According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to _____.
A．think the other way round B．follow his way of thinking
C．be more confident in their own ideas D．be less willing to share their own ideas
14．What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process?
A．Discuss the problem. B．Put down group statements together.
C．Simplify the problem. D．Write down their individual descriptions.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．A simple way to make group thinking more effective
B．Difficulties in organizing group thinking
C．Differences between divergence and convergence
D．Advantages of group thinking over individual thinking
【答案】
12．C
13．B
14．D
15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了团体不擅长创造性解决问题的原因以及提出了一种使团体更具有创造力的方法。
12．推理判断题。由第二段A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal.可知，创造力的一个关键因素是应用现有知识解决新问题，人们越多地涉及创新地解决问题，就会有越多的知识被应用，不幸的是，研究表明：传统的脑力风暴并不能如愿以偿达到目的。所以研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法实际上限制了团队的创造力。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。由第四段In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think about the problem similarly.可知，在团体，一旦一个成员阐述了一个潜在的解决办法，就会使其他成员对这个问题有类似的想法。所以根据第4段，当一个成员提出一个想法时，其他人往往会跟随他的思维方式。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。由第五段For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem.可知，在问题解决过程的早期，团队成员应该首先写下他们各自的叙述。故选D项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段的Most people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons.可知，第一段提到众人不擅长创造性解决问题的原因有两个。再根据第二段“Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone”可知，不幸的是，研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法未能实现这一目标。当团队聚在一起交流想法时，他们实际上提出的想法比各自单独工作时要少。所以短文的前两段提出了团体不擅长创造性解决问题的原因以及现存的团队创造力解决方法的弊端，短文从第三段起就上述现象提出了一种使团体更具有创造力的方法。因此推断文章主要讲述了一种使团体更具有创造力的方法。故A项“一种使团体更具有创造力的方法”为最佳标题。故选A项。
（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）
We look ahead to London’s art and exhibition openings and select the must ─ see shows.
Double science
It’s a big month for the Science Museum, with a new gallery and an exhibition opening. The Science City gallery tells the story of London between 1550 and 1800 when major scientific breakthroughs were happening across the city──from Newton’s laws of physics to the birth of microscopes allowing us to see the tiny creatures that live among us. If that isn’t enough, there’s also an exhibition on how art and science have worked closely together over the centuries and continue to do so today.
Science City 1550──1800: The Linbury Gallery at the Science Museum. Opens 12 September──13 October, free.
The Art of Innovation: From Enlightenment to Dark Matter at the Science Museum. 25 September──26 January, free but ticketed.
Are you worried yet?
We all suffer from anxiety. Artists look into this through artworks that bring to light their own anxieties or how people living with anxiety manage. The exhibition also covers what anxiety would look like if it could be visualised in light or sound──something we imagine to be impossible.
On Edge: Living in an Age of Anxiety at Science Gallery. 19 September──19 January, free.
Climbing the walls
No artist has made a bigger career out of placing sculptures of human figures all over the place. Antony Gormley, the artist behind the Angel of the North and sculptures standing all over London, takes over the Royal Academy of Arts with a blockbusting(轰动一时的) exhibition. This is the hot art ticket in town.
Antony Gormley at Royal Academy of Arts. 21 October──3 December, £18──22.
1．What is on show in the Science City gallery?
A．Some of the greatest physicists.
B．The stories of the London development.
C．The prediction of the future science.
D．Some of the great achievements in history.
2．Which exhibition allows visitors to know about a negative mood in a new way?
A．The Art of Innovation. B．On Edge.
C．Royal Academy of Arts. D．Science City 1550 ─ 1800.
3．When can visitors see these four exhibitions altogether?
A．In January. B．In September.
C．In October. D．In December.
【答案】
1．D
2．B
3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个伦敦的展览。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Science City gallery tells the story of London between 1550 and 1800 when major scientific breakthroughs were happening across the city”可知，科学城画廊讲述了伦敦在1550年到1800年间发生的重大科学突破。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二个标题中的“The exhibition also covers what anxiety would look like if it could be visualised in light or sound──something we imagine to be impossible. On Edge: Living in an Age of Anxiety at Science Gallery. 19 September──19 January, free”可知，这这次展览还展示了如果焦虑可以通过光线或声音表现出来，会是什么样子——这是我们认为不可能的事情。所以On Edge展览让参观者以一种新的方式了解负面情绪。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据这几个展览的时间：12 September──13 October；25 September──26 January；19 September──19 January；21 October──3 December可知，10月份是它们共同开放的时间。故选C。
（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）
On Hoxton Street in East London there is a very special children’s writing and mentoring(辅导) center called the Ministry of Stories, which is fronted by its shop , Hoxton Street Monster(怪兽) Supplies, where you can expect to find monster food. The store raises funds for this very special program that fires children’s imagination.
The youth aged 8 to 18 enter the Ministry, through a secret door that is designed to open a world of opportunity by encouraging a love for writing. The organization believes that, “Writing increases self-respect, improves communication and can change lives.” That’s because writing allows children’s voices to be heard.
This year, the workshop is celebrating 10 years of helping children discover a love for writing through creative programs. Founded by Lucy Macnab, Ben Payne and best-selling author Nick Hornby, the organization works with around 1,000 children per year participating in schools, and community programs across Hackney, Islington, and Tower Hamlets. It now has over 400 volunteers and runs its program free of charge for the youth of the areas.
“Through a range of creative writing programs, and one-to-one mentoring, we aim to help young people find their own qualities that can be developed,” Macnab told The Telegraph. “We build confidence, self-respect, and communication skills in both workshops for schools and out of school writing clubs.”
One 10-year participant, Nmeso, said that the weekly after-school club he attends at the Ministry has helped him grow his imagination and improve his academic performance. In fact, he was able to move up a grade in school. What’s even more remarkable is that Nmeso has had a story he wrote published ── along with other writers in the program ──titled Andre Has a Hard Time .This is Nmeso’s success story.
4．What is the function of Hoxton Street Monster Supplies?
A．Advertising the mentoring center.
B．Supporting the Ministry of Stories.
C．Attracting young children to come.
D．Arousing children's interest in food.
5．Why are some figures used in the paragraph 3?
A．To prove the program is popular.
B．To suggest writing is vital for children.
C．To attract readers’ attention to the center.
D．To show the value of running the program.
6．What is the program intended to do?
A．To give the children a better future.
B．To help discover the children’s potential.
C．To help the children express opinions.
D．To develop the children’s writing skills.
7．What does the author say about Nmeso?
A．He is ten years old this year.
B．He’s got his own book published.
C．He has benefitted a lot from the program.
D．He becomes very famous as a young writer.
【答案】
4．B
5．A
6．B
7．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在伦敦有一个称为“Ministry of Stories”的特别组织。该主旨的目的是激发孩子们的想象力，鼓励孩子们写作。最后文章还介绍了这个组织取得的一些成就。
4．细节理解题。根据第1段The store raises funds for this very special program that fires children’s imagination（商店为一个激发孩子们想象力的特别项目筹集资金）可知，句中的“项目”指的就是前文提及的“Ministry of Stories”，故可知这家商店为Ministry of Stories 提供支持。故选B项。
5．推理判断题。根据第3段Founded by Lucy Macnab, Ben Payne and best-selling author Nick Hornby, the organization works with around 1,000 children per year participating in schools, and community programs across Hackney, Islington, and Tower Hamlets. It now has over 400 volunteers and runs its program free of charge for the youth of the areas（该组织由露西·麦克纳布、本·佩恩和畅销书作家尼克·霍恩比创立，每年约有1000名儿童参加学校和哈克尼、伊斯灵顿和塔楼哈姆雷特的社区项目。它现在有超过400名志愿者，并为该地区的年轻人免费运行其项目）由此可知，在第三段中使用了一些数字是来证明这个项目是很受欢迎的。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第2段Through a range of creative writing programs, and one-to-one mentoring, we aim to help young people find their own qualities that can be developed（通过一系列创造性的写作项目和一对一的指导，我们的目标是帮助年轻人找到自己可以培养的品质）可知，该项目是为了帮助年轻人挖掘自己的潜力。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段What’s even more remarkable is that Nmeso has had a story he wrote published ── along with other writers in the program ──titled Andre Has a Hard Time （最引人注目的是，Nmeso和项目的其他作家们一起出版了他写的名为Andre Has a Hard Time故事）可知，Nmeso所写的故事印刷出版了。故选B项。
（2020届广东省肇庆市高三质量监测）
Sea urchins(海胆) are small creatures , but what’s really remarkable about them is that they eat anything that happens to float by. They have really sharp teeth they use to rid rocks of algae(海藻)which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the coral reefs. In the summer of 2019, 500,000 of them were used to deal with the algae.
The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking over the bay, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The algae blocked sunlight from reaching the coral, which in turn affected the local fish because they changed the chemistry of the water.
That’s when the NMFS turned to sea urchins that loved to devour the algae. But they had to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used. Since 2011, sea urchins have been grown and used to handle the algae problem. Some of the funds are available due to an unfortunate incident. In 2005, a ship was grounded on a shallow reef near Kaneohe Bay. When the ship was removed, 20 acres of reefs have been damaged. When there is environmental damage, the NMFS and other agencies receive funds from the wrongdoers and the funds are used to restore the damage. Some funds were spent on other projects like the sea urchins. The state of Hawaii began to grow the sea urchins. When they are large enough, divers carefully place them on the reef.
Algae isn’t the only thing that threatens the coral reefs. Climate change and the effects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs. But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.
8．Why are sea urchins regarded as outstanding creatures?
A．They are tiny but have teeth.
B．They can keep the ocean clean.
C．They can remove harmful algae.
D．They grow on coral reefs with algae.
9．What happened after non-native algae arrived at Kaneohe Bay?
A．They helped the coral reefs to survive.
B．They spread to every corner of the bay.
C．They didn't fit in with the new surroundings.
D．They fought against other species to get food.
10．Which word can replace the underlined word “devour” in paragraph 3?
A．Eat B．Block
C．Attack D．Attract
11．What does the author suggest doing to save coral reefs?
A．Banning fishing and tourism. B．Relying on humans’ solutions.
C．Employing divers to handle algae. D．Letting nature take care of nature.
【答案】
8．C
9．B
10．A
11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海胆。海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中They have really sharp teeth they use to rid rocks of algae(海藻)which makes them pretty valuable especially in places like Hawaii where algae are threatening the coral reefs.“它们有锋利的牙齿用来清除岩石上的藻类，这使它们非常珍贵，尤其是在夏威夷这样的地方，那里的藻类正在威胁珊瑚礁。”由此可知，海胆之所以被认为是杰出的生物是因为它们可以清除有害藻类。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段中The problem started when non-native algae were introduced to the ecosystem of Kaneohe Bay in the 1970s. Because they had no enemies, they ended up taking over the bay,“这一问题始于20世纪70年代非本地藻类被引入卡内奥河湾的生态系统。因为它们没有敌人，它们最终占领了海湾，”由此可知，非本地藻类到达卡内奥河湾后，它们散布到海湾的每一个角落。故选B。
10．词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句But they had to grow to the size of a cherry tomato before they could be used.“但它们必须长到樱桃番茄的大小才能被使用。”可知，sea urchins that loved to devour the algae“海胆喜欢吃海藻”。由此推知划线词的意思是“吃”。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段Algae isn’t the only thing that threatens the coral reefs. Climate change and the effects of fishing and tourism in the area also endanger the coral reefs. But turning to sea urchins instead of man-made solutions seems like the best way to go.“藻类并不是唯一威胁珊瑚礁的东西。气候变化以及该地区渔业和旅游业的影响也威胁着珊瑚礁。但是用海胆代替人工解决方案似乎是最好的选择。”由此可知，作者建议让大自然照顾大自然来拯救珊瑚礁。故选D。
（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）
Paris is a museum city. There are hundreds of them, big and small. But, most importantly, they are excellent, some of the best on the planet. From the Louvre to the Musée d’Orsay to the Centre Pompidou, you could spend a lifetime wandering the halls of the city’s great museums. Here are some of the best museums in Paris.
The Louvre
The world’s ultimate museum is also the biggest one and the most visited. The 35,000 art objects on display are all overshadowed by one single painting—Mona Lisa, in the Renaissance era.
Jeu de Paume
Set in the Tuileries Gardens next to the Louvre, Jeu de Paume’s past lives were of a tennis court and then a museum which housed Impressionist art. Today it is Paris’s main photography and video museum. It also occasionally shows art-house films.
Musée d’Orsay
Housed in a former railway station on the Left Bank of the Seine, the museum opened in 1986 and today houses the planet’s largest collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artworks. If you like 19th-century natural landscapes with rural lives and tastes, this is the place to take it all in.
Musée du Quai Branly
As Paris’s main home to non-European art, objects, and culture, this Jean Nouvel-designed museum exhibits a collection of 3,500 pieces, many of which were taken from various countries during the vast period of French Colonialism. There are objects from Quebec and Louisiana from the time when the regions were under French control. There are also Indian sculptures, masks from West Africa and other aesthetic delights.
1．Which is the best and most admired exhibit in the Louvre?
A．Mona Lisa. B．Renaissance.
C．Lady Era. D．Unknown.
2．Which museum houses Impressionist art nowadays?
A．Jeu de Paume. B．The Louvre.
C．Musée d’Orsay. D．Musée du Quai Branly.
3．Musée du Quai Branly is different from the other three in that _________.
A．it houses non-European objects B．it used to be a tennis court
C．it shows the 19th-century rural scenery D．it is Paris’s largest museum
【答案】
1．A
2．C
3．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。巴黎是个博物馆之都。大大小小的博物馆有上百家。但最重要的是，它们都很出色，是这个星球上最好的一些博物馆。文章主要介绍了四个巴黎最好的博物馆。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中The 35,000 art objects on display are all overshadowed by one single painting—Mona Lisa, in the Renaissance era.可知展出的35000件艺术品的光芒都被一幅文艺复兴时期的画作《蒙娜丽莎》所掩盖。由此可知，卢浮宫里最好、最受赞赏的展览是《蒙娜丽莎》。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Housed in a former railway station on the Left Bank of the Seine, the museum opened in 1986 and today houses the planet’s largest collection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist artworks.可知该博物馆位于塞纳河左岸的一个前火车站，于1986年开放，如今收藏着世界上最大的印象派和后印象派艺术作品。由此可知，如今，Musée d’Orsay博物馆收藏印象派作品。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段As Paris’s main home to non-European art, objects, and culture, this Jean Nouvel-designed museum exhibits a collection of 3,500 pieces, many of which were taken from various countries during the vast period of French Colonialism. There are objects from Quebec and Louisiana from the time when the regions were under French control. There are also Indian sculptures, masks from West Africa and other aesthetic delights.可知作为巴黎主要的非欧洲艺术、物品和文化的发源地，这个由Jean Nouvel设计的博物馆展出了3500件藏品，其中很多是在法国殖民时期从不同国家掠走的。还有一些来自魁北克和路易斯安那的物品，它们是在法国控制下的。还有印度雕塑，西非的面具和其他的审美乐趣。由此可知，Musée du Quai Branly不同于其他三个博物馆之处在于它陈列着非欧洲物品。故选A。
（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）
Unconfident children can improve their performance in math tests simply by saying nice things to themselves, a study suggests.
A total of 212 fourth to sixth graders, aged between 9 to 13 years old, took part in the research. The children completed a math test in two parts. At the end of the first half, researchers asked the first group of kids to talk to themselves about the amount of effort they would put into the second half of the test before carrying on. The children quietly told themselves: ''I will do my very best. '' Another group was told to consider their ability, by repeating the phrase: ''I am very good at this. '' The children were instructed to write down their given phrase, and repeat it to themselves while working on the problems, particularly when they found the work challenging. The rest of the children acted as the control group, and weren't required to say anything. A few days before completing the test, all the kids completed a survey on how they viewed their own and others' abilities.
Compared with kids who didn't do what is known as self-talking, those with low self-confidence who spoke about the effort they'd make did better in the second half of the test. The data led the researchers to conclude children who struggle with negative thoughts about their competence could improve their achievements in school by telling themselves they will put effort into a task.
However, the team said they did not find the same result among children with low self-confidence who spoke to themselves about ability, for self-talk about effort is the key. Meanwhile, they pointed out the findings may not relate to children of other ages, and more research is needed to explore this.
8．How was the research conducted?
A．By telling students to talk about their effort. B．By comparing three groups of students.
C．By instructing students to repeat phrases. D．By telling students not to say anything.
9．What conclusion did the researchers draw?
A．Students may benefit from talking about effort.
B．Students should talk about effort in the tests.
C．Students can benefit from talking about ability.
D．Self-talking helps all students do better in tests.
10．We can infer from the last paragraph that the research team is _________.
A．careless B．cautious
C．stubborn D．competitive
11．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health.
C．Education. D．Sports.
【答案】
8．B
9．A
10．B
11．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项针对9到13岁孩子的调查发现，不自信的孩子可以通过对自己会努力来提高自己的学习成绩。但该结果只针对这个年段的孩子，其他年龄段或者其他情况下的结果还有待于研究。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的At the end of the first half, researchers asked the first group of kids to talk to themselves about the amount of effort they would put into the second half of the test before carrying on… Another group was told to consider their ability, by repeating the phrase: ''I am very good at this. '' …The rest of the children acted as the control group, and weren't required to say anything. (在前半部分测试结束时，研究人员要求第一组孩子对自己说他们会在后半部分的测试所做出的努力……另一组被告知通过重复“我非常擅长这个”来考虑他们的能力……剩下的孩子作为对照组，不需要说任何话)和第三段的Compared with kids who didn't do what is known as self-talking, those with low self-confidence who spoke about the effort they'd make did better in the second half of the test.(与那些没有自言自语的孩子相比，那些缺乏自信的孩子在考试的后半部分表现的更好)可知，研究是通过把孩子们分成三组，按照不同的要求进行活动，最后对结果进行对比来进行的。B. By comparing three groups of students.(通过对比三组学生)符合以上说法，故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的The data led the researchers to conclude children who struggle with negative thoughts about their competence could improve their achievements in school by telling themselves they will put effort into a task.(研究人员通过数据得出结论：那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩)可知，不自信的孩子可以受益于告诉他们自己会努力。A. Students may benefit from talking about effort.(学生可以从谈论努力中获益)符合以上说法，故选A项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段However, the team said they did not find the same result among children with low self-confidence who spoke to themselves about ability, for self-talk about effort is the key. Meanwhile, they pointed out the findings may not relate to children of other ages, and more research is needed to explore this.可知，该研究团队说，他们在对自己能力进行自我评价的那些缺乏自信的孩子中没有发现同样的结果，因为自言自语说努力是关键。同时，他们指出这些发现可能与其他年龄段的孩子无关，并且还需要更多的研究来探索这个。由此推测，该研究团队对其研究结果非常谨慎。B. cautious(谨慎的)符合以上说法，故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第三段的The data led the researchers to conclude children who struggle with negative thoughts about their competence could improve their achievements in school by telling themselves they will put effort into a task.(研究人员通过数据得出结论：那些对自己能力有消极想法的孩子，可以通过告诉自己他们会努力完成任务来提高学习成绩)可知，该研究结果会对不太自信的孩子的学习成绩有帮助。由此推测，这篇文章很有可能出现在报纸的教育版面。C. Education.(教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
（2020届广东省珠海市高三三模）
At some point in elementary school, your science teacher may explained to you that there are 365 days in a year because that's how long it takes for Earth to complete one full journey around the sun. What they might not have explained, however, is that it's not exactly 365 days—it’s actually closer to 365. 2421 days.
So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years. History.com reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put their heads together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar, which includes 12 months, 365 days, and an additional ''leap day'' every four years on February 29.
But rounding 0.2421 up to 0.25 each year created an issue, because it didn't quite add up to a full day every four years—and that tiny difference meant that after 128 years, the calendar year ended up starting a day before Earth had completed its journey around the sun. By the 14th century, the calendar year was starting 10 days before Earth finished its orbit.
In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII sought to correct the error by suggesting that we simply skip a leap day every so often. His Gregorian calendar, which we still use today, rules that we skip the leap day during years which can be evenly divided (被整除) by 100 but not by 400. For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400; the year 2100, on the other hand, will not include a leap day, since it's evenly divided by 100, but not by 400.
Gregory XIII’s correction to Caesar's overcorrection is itself a bit of an under-correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.
12．What do the underlined words ''put their heads together'' in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Come across each other. B．Bump their heads together.
C．Compete against each other. D．Combine their efforts.
13．According to Gregorian calendar, which year may include a leap day?
A．2100. B．1600.
C．1800. D．2020.
14．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Emperor Julius Caesar was also an astronomer.
B．Today's calendar exactly agrees with the sun's turning.
C．The 10-day early start in calendar will always exist.
D．The Gregorian calendar is not yet the most accurate.
15．What's the purpose of this passage?
A．To point out a mistake made by your science teacher.
B．To explain how long Earth makes a trip around the sun.
C．To explain in detail why the leap day is needed.
D．To explain the reason why we need a calendar.
【答案】
12．D
13．B
14．D
15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。目的是为了说明闰日被需要的原因。
12．短语猜测题。根据第二段的History.com reports that the Egyptians had already been doing this for a while before Europe finally caught on in 46 BC, when Roman Emperor Julius Caesar and astronomer Sosigenes put their heads together to come up with what we now call the Julian calendar,可知，History.com报道说在欧洲最终在公园前46年开始使用闰日之前，埃及人已经这样好一段时间了，那时罗马的统治者凯撒和天文学家Sosigenes put their heads together想出了我们今天所称的公历。根据句意，尤其是come up with what we now call the Julian calendar推测划线部分的意思是“共同努力”。D. Combine their efforts.(联合他们的努力)符合以上说法，故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的For instance, the year 2000 included a leap day because it can be divided by 100 and 400 (例如，2000年包含一个闰日，因为它可以被100和400同时整除)可知，能够被100和400同时整除的年份包含一个闰日。选项中的1600年可以同时被它们整除，故该年包含一个闰日。B. 1600.符合以上说法，故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的Gregory XIII’s correction to Caesar's overcorrection is itself a bit of an under-correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.(教皇8世格里高对凯撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能需要在10000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)可推测，格里高历也不是最准确的。D. The Gregorian calendar is not yet the most accurate.(格里高历也不是最准确的)符合以上说法，故选D项。
15．推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的So, if we want our calendar year to begin right when Earth begins a new turn around the sun, we have to account for roughly an extra quarter of a day each year, or one day every four years. (因此，如果我们想让我们的日历年恰好从地球绕太阳转一圈的时候开始，我们就会每年多出四分之一天，或者每四年多出一天)和最后一段的Gregory XIII's correction to Caesar's overcorrection is itself a bit of an under-correction, so we'll probably need to reevaluate our leap day design again in about 10,000 years.(教皇8世格里高对凯撒公历的纠正本身就是一种有待改正，所以我们可能会需要在10000年以后重新评估我们的闰日设计)可知，本文以日历年365天和实际地球绕太阳的时间不符的话题为切入点，介绍了不同时期的一些统治者或者天文学家计算闰日的方法，以及计算方法可能会随着时间的流逝而改变。由此推测本文的目的是，详细地解释为什么我们需要闰日。C. To explain in detail why the leap day is needed.(为了详细介绍为什么闰日被需要)符合以上说法，故选C项。
（2020届河北衡水中学高三第二次联考）
Madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The island is perhaps best known as the unique home of the lemur (狐猴）. But those lemurs live among some of the most rich and varied flora (植物群）in the world. And so threatened is that flora that British and Malagasy scientists were involved in a project to collect seeds from the island to be stored in a British seed bank. The project is being done by the Royal Botanic Garden in London. The botanist Steward Cable is head of the conservation center there and a frequent visitor of the island.
I mean Madagascar is well known as one of the top biodiversity hot spots in the world. It has perhaps 13,000 plant species. 90% of those are unique to the country, i.e. found nowhere else in the world. But also many species, many of those species are only found in small areas. And I would say that probably about 80% of the population are dependent on farming.
And a lot of their farming is slash and burn，shifting cultivation (耕作）where farmers have to move to a new patch of forest every year. They cut it and they burn it and they can grow dry rice or cassava for a year or so or two years at most.And the nutrients are gone and they have to move to a new patch of forest .And for centuries that would not have been a problem with the low population and with long periods of no farming but people returning after three or five years something like that ,then the forest became grassland. So we are losing many of those species in Madagascar, those unique species.
8．which of the following is the habitat of the lemur?
A．Madagascar B．Britain
C．An Indian island. D．The coast
9．Why do scientists collect seeds from Madagascar?
A．The lemur will die out without them.
B．The flora on Madagascar is in great danger.
C．The island will sink to the bottom of the ocean.
D．The British seed bank wants to make money from them.
10．What is the result of the way people farm?
A．Many farmers have lost their homes. B．The population is becoming smaller.
C．Some rare species are gone. D．The crops are poor in nutrition.
11．How does the author sound?
A．Hopeless. B．Enthusiastic. C．Optimistic. D．Worried.
【答案】
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的农业活动对马达加斯加岛上的生物多样性造成了极大的破坏。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa. The island is perhaps best known as the unique home of the lemur”可知，马达加斯加岛位于非洲东海岸外的印度洋上，它是狐猴的独特家园，故A项正确。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“And so threatened is that flora that British and Malagasy scientists were involved in a project to collect seeds from the island to be stored in a British seed bank.”可知，科学家之所以从马达加斯加岛上收集种子存到英国的种子库是因为岛上的植物群受到严重威胁（处于极度危险之中），故B项正确。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So we are losing many of those species in Madagascar, those unique species.”可知，（毁林种田的后果是）我们正在失去马达加斯加岛上的一些独有物种，故C项正确。
11．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章一开始就说马达加斯加岛上植物群受到严重威胁并引起了科学家们重视，后文又介绍了人们毁林种田导致一些独有物种正在消失（生物多样性受到破坏），作者对此表现出了极大的担忧，故D项正确。
（2020届河北衡水中学高三第二次联考）
Scientists who study the Sun watch for sunspots—violent storms that can affect communications，navigation systems and even electric power stations on the Earth.
Sunspots are a product of huge electromagnetic storms on the Sun. Scientists on the Earth are able to observe sunspots eight minutes after they happen. That is how long it takes for the Sun’s light to reach us.
The first electrically charged particles (颗粒）from a sunspot enter the Earth’s atmosphere about 20 to 30 minutes after the storm happens. These particles can harm human beings. So before they arrive, astronauts on the International Space Station move into special areas designed to protect them from their effects.
About a day or two later, the biggest part of the storm arrives. It is called a coronal mass ejection. “That is billions of tons of solar material that's blown away from the Sun. It’s traveling millions of kilometers an hour, but that is relatively slow.” says Alex Young, the Associate Director for Science at NASA's Heliophysics Science Division.
Several civilian government agencies and the U.S. Air Force watch weather conditions in space 24 hours a day. NASA does so because it must protect its astronauts and the electronic devices on its spacecraft.
Scientists are also trying to understand why the number of sunspots rises and falls at almost regular intervals every 11 years. In other words, scientists can almost predict the amount of solar activity. Sometimes the intensity (强度）is higher，sometimes lower，For example, the current solar cycle, as it is called, is much lower than the previous one.
Several satellites watch the Sun and the environment between the Sun and tho Earth. Pictures and other information from the satellites tell scientists what is happening on and near the Sun.
Alex Young says we have only been looking at the Sun with powerful instruments for about 30 to 40 years. Thai is a very short time compared to ll\o four billion years that tho star has been shining.
12．Why do astronauts on International Space Station move into special area?
A．To avoid being harmed. B．To charge the battery.
C．To watch the Sun closely D．To protect devices on the spacecraft.
13．How long does a solar cycle last?
A．About 8 minutes. B．About 20 to 30 minutes
C．About 11 years. D．About 30 to 40 minutes
14．What enables scientists to watch the Sun?
A．Environmental changes. B．Good weather conditions
C．Advanced instruments. D．Government agencies
15．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The role of satellites. B．findings about sunpots
C．Observation of space. D．Communication on the earth.
【答案】
12．A
13．C
14．C
15．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太阳黑子活动及其对地球的影响。
12．细节理解题。由第三段可知，太阳黑子活动时发出的带电顆粒,对人类有危害,由本段中的“So before they arrive, astronauts on the International Space Station move into special areas designed to protect them from their effects. 所以在他们到达之前，国际空间站的宇航员会进入特殊区域，以保护他们免受影响。可知，为了让宇航员免受带电粒子之苦，国际空间站的宇航员会进入特殊区域。选项A符合题意。故选A项。
13．细节理解题。由文中倒数第三段第一句Scientists are also trying to understand why the number of sunspots rises and falls at almost regular intervals every 11 years.科学家们也在试图了解为什么太阳黑子的数量几乎每11年会有定期的升降。可知，太阳黑子的活动周期是11年，选项C符合题意。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。由最后一段中的第一句Alex Young says we have only been looking at the Sun with powerful instruments for about 30 to 40 years.Alex Young 说我们用强大的仪器，观测太阳已经有30到40年了。可知，科学家们利用功能强大的仪器设备观测太阳，选项C符合题意。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据完整第一段“Scientists who study the Sun watch for sunspots—violent storms that can affect communications, navigation systems and even electric power stations on the Earth.”及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍的有关太阳黑子活动的一些发现，选项B符合题意。故选B项。
（2020届河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟）
The place of exposure to the greatest amount of allergen（过敏原）for the longest time is in the bedroom. Up to 60% of the dust mites（螨虫）found in the home are actually living in your bed and you spend about one-third of your life in the bedroom! And, bedrooms are the easiest area to control as an allergen free zone. Your cleaning professional will first vacuum the mattress（垫子）, carpeting and furniture using a vacuum cleaner.
The mattress is then thoroughly cleaned on all surfaces using the Responsible Care cleaning agents and a special low moisture cleaning tool designed to leave the mattress as dry as possible. Following cleaning, Allergy Relief Treatment is applied to all mattress surfaces using a fine mist application. The mattress is then placed in a drying position and a special air mover used to speed the drying process, which, depending upon temperature and humidity, normally takes about an hour.
The same safe cleaning agents are used to clean the bedroom carpeting and if desired, any furniture or rugs. This is also followed by an application of Allergy Relief Treatment. Once again, a speed drying system is set up to dry the cleaned items as quickly as possible and bring the humidity down to normal levels. Baseboards and windowsills are cleaned as well. While the cleaning and treatment service is being performed it is highly recommended that the bedding and pillows be washed in hot water and that two cups of Allergy Relief Treatment be added to the washing cycle.
While servicing the bedroom is the highest priority（优先）, significant benefits may also result from cleaning and treating other areas where allergy sufferers spend lots of time. These areas include the furniture and carpeting in rooms where time is spent watching television, reading and so on. Also, carpeted areas that pets have access to should be cleaned and treated.
A test for the presence of dust mites in quantities requiring treatment is also available from our company. But we will only test dust mites and will not provide information on pet allergen.
8．Which place has the most dust mites in your room?
A．Bed. B．Carpet.
C．Furniture. D．Floor.
9．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?
A．The use of cleaning agents.
B．The surfaces of mattress.
C．Cleaning the mattress.
D．Drying the mattress.
10．What do we know about Allergy Relief Treatment mentioned in this passage?
A．It is a cure to allergy.
B．It is a tool to kill mites.
C．It is the name of a company.
D．It is a chemical to prevent allergy.
11．Where might this passage come from?
A．A magazine about furniture.
B．The website of a cleaning company.
C．The website of a hospital.
D．A newspaper on public health.
【答案】
8．A
9．C
10．D
11．B
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了专业人员是如何一步一步对你的卧室以及其他可能引起过敏的地方进行清洗和处理，以便使你远离过敏原。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段中Up to 60% of the dust mites（螨虫）found in the home are actually living in your bed and you spend about one-third of your life in the bedroom! 在家里发现的螨虫中，实际上多达60%生活在你的床上，而你一生中的三分之一时间都在卧室里度过！可知，床是螨虫最多的地方。故选A项。
9．主旨大意题。结合第二段The mattress is then thoroughly cleaned on all surfaces using the Responsible Care cleaning agents and a special low moisture cleaning tool designed to leave the mattress as dry as possible. Following cleaning, Allergy Relief Treatment is applied to all mattress surfaces using a fine mist application. The mattress is then placed in a drying position and a special air mover used to speed the drying process, which, depending upon temperature and humidity, normally takes about an hour. 然后使用专门的护理清洁剂和专门设计的低湿度清洁工具彻底清洁床垫的所有表面，使床垫尽可能干燥。清洁后，使用细雾剂对所有床垫表面进行防过敏处理。然后将床垫放置在干燥位置，并使用一个特殊的空气输送装置来加速干燥过程，这取决于温度和湿度，通常需要大约一个小时。因此，本段主要讲述清理床垫的过程。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中 Allergy Relief Treatment is applied to all mattress surfaces using a fine mist application. 使用细雾剂对所有床垫表面进行防过敏处理， 以及第三段中 two cups of Allergy relief treatment be added to the washing cycle. 在清洗周期中添加两杯抗过敏剂。可推知， Allergy relief Treatment是一种用来除螨，预防过敏的药剂。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了专业人员上门提供清洁服务的细节。结合最后一段A test for the presence of dust mites in quantities requiring treatment is also available from our company. 我们公司还提供了需要的尘螨检测。推测本文最有可能选自一家清洁公司的网站。故选B项。