(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 选择性必修第三册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage (含详解)

选择性必修第三册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage

完形填空·集中练

Ⅰ.完形填空

[一]

My father，a soldier，was deployed(调度) again.The ukulele I had watched him play was   1  .The musical instrument sat there lifeless.

It came as a   2   because we had just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before.Still，  3   was the thing that connected my father with Hawaii，a   4   of his home and culture.We learned about our ancestors and family traditions   5   through his music.

This time，we were finally “home” in Hawaii and expected to   6   a place that we’d only heard about in my parents’ stories.We were just arriving，but he was already   7   to leave again，this time without us.Suddenly，we were surrounded by strange relatives and a cultural tradition of which we only knew the surface.We were   8   in the family.The person who made us fit，our father，was gone.That was when I   9   my father’s ukulele.As I plucked(弹拨)  the strings tunelessly，I felt   10   to him and our Hawaiian roots.So I picked up an old song book，and I   11   myself to play.I would play and sing，as if my father had been here.After my father returned，he was   12   that I had learned so much.But what I really gained   13   of was that music has the   14   to do truly extraordinary things   15   us to our culture and each other，our past and our present.

1．A.polished   B．tidied

C．abandoned   D．sold

答案　C

解析　根据下文中的“The musical instrument sat there lifeless.”可知，作者的父亲被调到其他地方，父亲之前弹奏的尤克里里琴就被遗弃在一边。abandon舍弃，丢弃，符合语境。polish擦亮；tidy整理；sell卖。

2．A.surprise   B．puzzle

C．challenge   D．relief

答案　A

解析　根据下文中的“because we had just moved into the present duty station a few weeks before”和“We were just arriving，but he was already          to leave again，this time without us.”可知，作者他们几周前才搬来现在的地方，父亲就又被调度了，而且这次还不带作者他们，因此父亲这次的离开让作者他们感到惊讶(surprise)。

3．A.time  B．duty  C．music  D．distance

答案　C

解析　根据上文中的“The ukulele I had watched him play”及下文中的“through his music”“music has the          to do truly extraordinary things”可知，此处指音乐(music)把作者的父亲和夏威夷联系起来，是能够让作者的父亲回忆起祖先和家族传统的事物。

4．A.symbol   B．reminder

C．memory   D．review

答案　B

解析　参见上题解析。reminder引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物，符合语境。

5．A.mostly   B．casually

C．accidentally   D．secretly

答案　A

解析　作者他们主要(mostly)是通过作者父亲的音乐来了解他们的祖先和家族传统的。casually随便地；accidentally偶然地；secretly秘密地。

6．A.look for   B．fit into

C．take in   D．catch at

答案　B

解析　根据第三段中的“we were finally ‘home’ in Hawaii”“we’d only heard about in my parents’ stories”可知，作者他们最终定居在夏威夷，他们期望能融入这个以前只在父母讲的故事中听过的地方。fit into适应，与……融为一体，符合语境。look for寻找；take in吸收，理解；catch at试图抓住。

7．A.disappointed   B．prepared

C．anxious   D．hesitant

答案　B

解析　作者一家刚刚到达这里，父亲却又准备(prepare)离开了，而且这一次父亲是独自离开不带着他们。

8．A.visitors   B．relatives

C．acquaintances   D．foreigners

答案　D

解析　作者他们在这个家族里像是外来人(foreigner)。visitor游客；relative亲戚；acquaintance熟人，泛泛之交。

9．A.received   B．noticed

C．recognized   D．needed

答案　B

解析　那个时候作者注意到(notice)了父亲的尤克里里琴。

10．A.closer   B．stranger

C．familiar   D．superior

答案　A

解析　根据下文中的“I would play and sing，as if my father had been here.”可知，作者拨动琴弦，感觉自己和父亲离得更近(closer)了。

11．A.persuaded   B．inspired

C．taught   D．told

答案　C

解析　作者挑选了一本以前的乐谱，开始自学弹奏尤克里里琴。teach oneself自学，符合语境。persuade说服；inspire激励；tell告诉。

12．A.shocked   B．confident

C．curious   D．annoyed

答案　A

解析　根据下文中的“I had learned so much”可知，父亲得知作者学习了这么多东西时，感到很惊讶。shocked震惊的；confident自信的；curious好奇的；annoyed恼怒的。

13．A.control   B．possession

C．command   D．knowledge

答案　D

解析　此处与上文中的“learned so much”相呼应，表示作者真正学到的知识是，音乐有惊人的力量(power)。knowledge知识，学问，学识，符合语境。

14．A.potential   B．sense

C．privilege   D．power

答案　D

解析　参见上题解析。

15．A.exposing   B．tying

C．expressing   D．introducing

答案　B

解析　音乐能将作者一家和他们的文化，他们的过去和现在联系(tie)在一起。expose使暴露；express表达；introduce介绍。

[二]

(2021·湖南五市十校联考)

The teachers I know didn’t expect how   1   this remote teaching would be.There are so many   2   that arise：families not responding，students who can’t   3   new platforms，new platforms not doing what they are   4   to do.The list goes on.

But that’s just from the teacher’s   5   .Principals(校长) have to hear the teachers’ issues，and they have to help parents   6   their kid in the virtual classroom，getting   7   daily from the district，finding devices for everyone，and much more.

Our principal’s work was incredibly hard before the world turned upside down.Now，she’s dealing with it all，  8   teachers，parents，and students，while   9   what the district is carrying out.There are sleepless nights and   10   stress.

I organized a little   11   today from the staff building.We were all on campus today to drive through the local neighborhood with signs on our cars，pressing our horns and   12   at our students in their yards and on their porches.I asked the staff to bring   13   for our principal：paper towels，hand sanitizer，latex gloves，masks，and some other   14   things.Others brought wine and chocolate.

We couldn’t take all her   15   off her back，but we could show her that we love and appreciate her.

1．A.developed   B．hard

C．boring   D．important

答案　B

解析　developed发展的；hard困难的；boring令人厌烦的；important重要的。根据下文列举的远程教学遇到的很多问题可知，老师们没想到远程教学如此困难。故选B项。

2．A.advantages   B．issues

C．lessons   D．thoughts

答案　B

解析　句意为：有太多的问题出现了：家庭没有回应，学生不能登上新平台，新平台没有做到他们应该做的。advantage优点；issue问题；lesson课程；thought想法。故选B项。

3．A.move off   B．look after

C．turn down   D．get on

答案　D

解析　句意见上题解析。move off离开；look after照顾；turn down拒绝；get on上(车、平台等)。故选D项。

4．A.supposed   B．scared

C．directed  D．believed

答案　A

解析　固定短语be supposed to do 意为“应该，应当”，符合句意。故选A项。

5．A.interest   B．career

C．effort   D．view

答案　D

解析　句意为：但那只是从教师的观点出发。interest兴趣；career职业；effort努力；view观点。故选D项。

6．A.educate   B．praise

C．get  D．find

答案　C

解析　句意为：校长们必须倾听老师的问题，必须帮助家长们让孩子进入虚拟教室，每天从学区获得指示，为每个人找到设备，等等。educate教育；praise表扬；get使，让；find找到。故选C项。

7．A.payments   B．instructions

C．supplies   D．instruments

答案　B

解析　句意见上题解析。payment支付；instruction指示；supply供应；instrument乐器。故选B项。

8．A.ignoring   B．removing

C．avoiding   D．handling

答案　D

解析　句意为：现在，她正在处理这一切，她在处理教师、家长和学生的问题，同时也在处理这个地区正在实施的事情。ignore忽视；remove移走；avoid避免；handle处理。故选D项。

9．A.denying   B．solving

C．delaying   D．treasuring

答案　B

解析　句意见上题解析。deny否认；solve解决，处理；delay推迟；treasure珍视，珍藏。故选B项。

10．A.incredible   B．frightened

C．excited   D．joyful

答案　A

解析　句意为：有许多不眠之夜和令人难以置信的压力。incredible难以置信的；frightened害怕的；excited激动的；joyful高兴的。故选A项。

11．A.drive   B．walk

C．ride   D．race

答案　A

解析　句意为：今天我组织了一个小型的从员工大楼出发的驾车活动。drive驾驶；walk走路；ride骑车；race比赛。故选A项。

12．A.shouting   B．laughing

C．waving   D．aiming

答案　C

解析　句意为：今天我们都在校园，开车穿过附近的社区，车上贴着标语，按着喇叭，向我们的学生挥手。shout叫喊；laugh笑；wave挥手；aim瞄准。故选C项。

13．A.clothes   B．items

C．books   D．papers

答案　B

解析　句意为：我让一些职工给校长带上一些物品：纸巾、洗手液、乳胶手套、口罩和其他一些日常用品。clothes衣服；item物品；book书；paper论文。故选B项。

14．A.daily   B．important

C．valuable   D．colorful

答案　A

解析　句意见上题解析。daily日常的；important重要的；valuable有价值的；colorful多彩的。故选A项。

15．A.positions   B．plans

C．routines   D．wishes

答案　C

解析　句意为：我们无法把所有的日常工作从她肩上卸下，但我们可以向她表示我们爱她，并感激她。position位置；plan计划；routine日常工作；wish祝福。故选C项。

语法填空＋应用文写作·综合练

Ⅱ.语法填空

There is no doubt that humankind dreams of making Mars our second home.However，sending people there will require all the skills，courage and 1.       (intelligent) of the human race.While the Moon can be reached within days，it would take months to reach Mars,2.        (travel) through dangerous solar radiation.And even if the first settlers do reach Mars safely，staying alive will be 3.         daily challenge，but as proved by the Biosphere experiment，not impossible.

As early as the 1980s，scientists were building Biosphere 2 in the Arizona desert.It consisted of a closed space 4.         people，animals and plants could live together.The “closed” concept meant that the space was designed  5.        (function) with its own oxygen，food and water，needing nothing from the outside world.6.         the two-year experiment was not a success，it did provide us with a better understanding of how humans might be able to live on another planet.More recently，scientists 7.        (succeed) in growing a variety of plants in an environment similar to that on Mars.That 8.        (definite) is a big step forward.

For now，human settlement of Mars is still 9.        (decade) away.In the meantime，scientific research shows that the planet Earth is getting 10.        (warm)．This change is having a terrible effect on the biosphere.

1．答案　intelligence

解析　考查名词。根据“all the skills，courage and”可知，此处要用名词作require的宾语，intelligence“智慧”，为抽象名词，不可数。故填intelligence。

2．答案　travelling

解析　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词would take，故此处要用非谓语动词作状语，travel是不及物动词，应用现在分词。故填travelling。

3．答案　a

解析　考查冠词。challenge“挑战”为可数名词，此处泛指“一个”挑战，应用不定冠词，又daily的发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。

4．答案　where

解析　考查定语从句的关系词。此处是一个定语从句，先行词为a closed space，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故此处要用关系副词where。故填where。

5．答案　to function

解析　考查动词不定式。句中已有谓语动词was designed，故此处要用非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式。故填to function。

6．答案　Although/Though/While

解析　考查连词。根据此句和下文“it did provide us”可知，此上下文表示让步，因此要用连词although/though/while，位于句首首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。

7．答案　have succeeded

解析　考查时态。此处为句子的谓语动词，根据More recently可知，应用现在完成时，且主语为scientists，助动词应用have。故填have succeeded。

8．答案　definitely

解析　考查副词。句意为：这绝对是向前迈出的一大步。此处要用副词修饰谓语动词is。故填definitely。

9．答案　decades

解析　考查名词的单复数。句意为：目前，人类在火星定居仍需几十年的时间。decade“十年”是可数名词，根据句意可知，此处应用复数形式。故填decades。

10．答案　warmer

解析　考查形容词的比较级。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，结合常识和“is getting”可知，地球正在变得越来越暖，故应用比较级。故填warmer。

Ⅲ.应用文写作

(2021·新高考八省联考)

假定你是李华，你校羽毛球俱乐部下周将举行校羽毛球比赛决赛，请写一封邮件，邀请你的外国朋友Sam与你一起观看，内容包括：

1．比赛安排；

2．见面时间和地点；

3．表达期待。

注意：

1．词数80左右；

2．可适当增加内容，以使行文连贯；

3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sam，

I’m extremely excited to tell you that our school badminton club will hold the final competition next Friday at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.                                   

Yours，

Li Hua

参考范文

Dear Sam，

I’m extremely excited to tell you that our school badminton club will hold the final competition next Friday at 3 o’clock in the afternoon.Knowing that you’re rather interested in it，I’m sure you will want to watch it.

As scheduled，the match will take place in the school gym beside the lecture building.Therefore，if it is convenient for you，how about meeting at the school gate at 2∶45 on Friday afternoon? There is no doubt that you will be extremely impressed by the excellent athletic skills of the participating contestants and have a better understanding of the fascination of this sport.

Sincerely hope you can come.If so，I will reserve a seat next to me for you.Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua