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高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 10 语法填空 (含解析)
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这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺过关预测 10 语法填空 (含解析)，共20页。
预测07 语法填空
预测一、语法填空一般为200词左右的说明文或者记叙文，难度适中。考查形式为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种，不给出提示词的题目一般为3个，提示词填空多为7个。给出提示词的题目包括词性转换、名词的单复数、动词的时态/语态和非谓语动词等。不给出提示词的有冠词、连词或连接词、代词、介词等，不给出提示词时只能填一个单词，如下图：
预测二、2020年高考语法填空的考点依然是非谓语动词，动词，副词，时态和语态等为主，以下为2019年全国卷1-3的题型分布：
语法填空为纯语法题，但是在解题过程中也应该注意方式和方法，这样能够更好的判断所填词汇的词性和词形，具体如下：
A（2019•新课标全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】 61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。
【解析】
(61)考查名词性从句. 这是同位语从句, 解释evidence (证据) , 故答案为that.
(62)考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰studied ,故用副词,故答案为poorly.
(63)考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词,指追踪北极能数量的方法,故答案为of或for.
(64)考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to ......此处句意为:追踪北极能数量的方法在很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为to perform.
(65)考查动词的时态。In recent years是现在完成时的标志,故答案为have reported.
(66)考查词性转换。由a可知此处用believe的名词 ,故答案为belief.
(67)考查非谓语动词。by+v-ing 表示”通..... , 故答案为noting.
(68)考查形容词的比较级。由than可知此处用比较级,故答案为higher.
(69)考查冠词的用法。句意:在19个公认的北极能亚种.....此处表示特指，故用定冠词the.
(70)此处考查谓语。根据前一句three are declining可知此处用一般现在时 ,故答案为are.
[点评]考查语法填空。做题要求:一是在空格处填入适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题-般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等,如果是冠词,则空后需跟名词。而有提示词的需要根据语境,分析句子结构,判断所填词的词性,再确定所填词的形式。
B（2019•新课标全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61 （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to."
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say） she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder）.”
【答案】 61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
【语篇导读】 本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作,没有退休的打算,她由此被评为“年度女士"。
【解析】
（61）考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being.
（62）考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop ,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which.
（63）考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged ,意为"最终得到认可" , 故填finally.
（64）考查时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene ,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had以及said可知,用一般过去时态, 故填declared.
（65）考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan，表....的计划“，故填to retire.
（66）考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语"over the years"可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made.
（67）考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应,构成......之意，故填but。
（68）考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词Call ,故此处用非谓语动词形式,根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系,故填saying.
（69）考查冠词用法。句意:我们还以为这是一个玩笑。 此处joke为泛指,故填a。
（70）考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful.
C（2019•新课标全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 68 （huge）popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70 （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】 61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were invited 70. listening
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。 作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇,主人热情招待他们,还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
【解析】
(61) 考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that.."意为“如...以至于...” , 引导结果状语从句。故答案为so.
(62) 考查不定式。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。固定搭配it take+时间+to do sth,此处how long指代时间,位置提前, take后接动词不定式,表示需要花费多少时间,故答案为to get.
(63) 考查介词。句意:我们首先受到了-群狗吠的欢迎,确切地说有七只。 "a pack of"意为“一 群”。故答案为of.
(64) 考查定语从句.句意:它们被他们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。had great experience with caring for these animals作为定语从句修饰先行词masters (主人) ,且从句缺主语,用who。故答案为who.
(65) 考查动词的时态。句意:我们的东道主跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、 购物和参观的地"and"前后两个动作"shared" 与"recommended" 是并列关系,时态一致。 故答案为recommended.
(66) 考查名词。句意:当他们从工作中空闲下来的时候,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们知道一场有趣的比赛背后有一个故事。空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰可数名词单数 , compete用名词形式competition,比赛。故答案为competition。
(67) 考查形容词。句意:他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的,夏威夷的传统故事。空格修饰名词stories ,应用形容词形式, tradition的形容词为traditional ,故答案为traditional.
(68) 考查副词。句意:他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的,夏威夷的传统故事。空格处单词修饰形容词popular , 应用副词形式, huge的副词为hugely ,故答案为hugely.
(69) 考查被动语态。句意:我们被邀请参加一场在星空下,北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会 ,听着音乐家们的演奏,会见有趣的当地人。由"on the last day of our week-long stay"可知,句子时态为一般过去时。主语为we ,受到邀请,用被动语态, 故答案为were invited.
(70)考查非谓语动词。句意:我们被邀请参加一场在星空下,北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会,听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由and前后连接两个并列的结构, and后meeting为现在分词, listen也用现在分词,故答案为listening.
[点评]本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化,固定搭配,动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功,加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
D（2019•北京高考）
阅读下面3篇短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 （face） challenges. I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】 1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑,妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
【解析】
(1 )考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友 ?"此处的voice是动词，“表达” 的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用一般过去式。故填voiced.
(2 )考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字"Be yourself"。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I ,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing.
(3 )考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自2说两个简单的字"Be yourself"。本句的主语是I ,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself.
[点评]本题考点涉及非谓语动词,时态,代词等知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据 上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
B
Earth Day， 4 （mark）on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity）on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】 4. marked 5. in 6. activities
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
【解析】
(4) 考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且两者之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked.
(5) 考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今, 这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区.在年份前要用介词in.故填in.
(6) 考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知, 此处要用名词的复数。故填activities.
[点评]本题考点涉及非谓语动词,名词以及介词等知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上, 进一步根据 上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question 7 （suggest）that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源），Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.
【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who 10. meaningful
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明,大学的名气对学生来说并不重要,从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活,充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
【解析】
(7)考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用一般现在时,一般过去时或现在完成时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested.
(8)考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where.
(9)考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。…are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 是定语从句,修饰先行词those ,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who.
(10)考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience, 故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful.
[点评]本题考点涉及时态,宾语从句,定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查,是-篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
E（2019•浙江高考题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____56_____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears_____57____same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____58_____gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _____59____ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _____60____(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _____61____this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _____62____ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ____63_____ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect)between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】 56. has/will have 57. the 58. that 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文,谈论校服的诸多好处。虽然一些学校开始废除校服 ,但是校服还是很受欢迎。
【解析】
(56)考查时态。句意:如果学校里的每个孩子都穿着校服,就不会有人担心时尚了.根据从句中的wears可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时,故答案为has或will have.
(57)考查冠词.句意:每个月都穿着同样风格的衣服。the same是固定搭配,故答案为the.
(58)考查定语从句.句意:在夹克的边沿, 有一块能够在黑暗中发光的布。此处是定语从句,修饰先行词cloth ,关系词同时在从句中作主语, 而且主句是there be开头，故答案为that.
(59) 考查分词。句意:但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时,汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。由or可知前后是平行结构,此处与walking并列,故答案为cycling.
(60) 考查副词。句意:但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时,汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。此处修饰动词see, 所以用副词,故答案为easily.
(61) 考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案并不明确。the answer to this question ,这个问题的答案,是固定搭配,故答案为to
(62) 考查动词的时态。句意:美国的一个研究发现在学校尝试了制服之后,学生们的成绩有了一点提高。根据句中的其他动词found，introduced可知此处用一般过去式, 故答案为improved.
(63) 考查动词不定式。句意:但是一些学校不想穿制服。want to do sth. 想做某事。故答案为to wear.
(64) 考查词性转换。句意:其他的美国研究表明制服和学校表现之前没有联系。此处位于no之后,作show的宾语, 所以用名词, 故答案为connection.
(65) 考查词性转换。句意:校服在英语是传统的,但是一些学校开始抛弃它们。be+ 形容词,构成系表结构。故答案为traditional.
[点评]本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化,固定搭配,动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功,加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
A (2020年广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试)
2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试（1）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time.
First, due 41. the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic 42. (be) on the edge of extinction. With global warming, life in other parts of the ocean has also been seriously affected, whales 43. (include).
Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway. On the one hand, some people’s desire for money can’t 44. (meet) easily, and they regard whales as a money-making machine. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan. On 45. other hand, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling and 46. (great) reduced the number of whales. What’s more, some countries are still on whaling in the name of science, 47. (seem) curious about this creature.
The fact 48. whales are on the edge of extinction is alarming us. Some 49. (organize) have begun working hard to save them. The international community has made a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make tough laws 50. (protect) whales.
【答案】
41. to 42. are 43. Included 44. be met 45. the 46. greatly 47. seeming 48. that 49. organizations/ organizations 50. to protect
【语篇导读】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。
【解析】
41. 考查固定搭配。due to是固定搭配，意为“因为、由于”。故填to。
42. 考查主谓一致。本文讲事实，时态以一般现在时为主，some living creatures是主语，所以谓语该用are。故填are。
43. 考查过去分词。included在表示“包括……在内”时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，即sb./sth. included，做名词的后置定语，所以用过去分词included。故填included。
44. 考查语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，主语some people’s desire for money与meet是被动关系（be done），所以该用被动语态。故填be met。
45. 考查固定搭配。on the other hand是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。故填the。
46. 考查副词。great要修饰动词reduced，副词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。故填greatly。
47. 考查现在分词。该句已有谓语动词are，此空前又没有连词，可知此处该填现在分词（doing），动词seem和主语some countries是主动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故填seeming。
48. 考查同位语从句引导词。that引导同位语从句，that在从句不作成分，无实意。故填that。
49. 考查名词。此句中缺主语，且主语前有some所修饰，应使用可数名词复数形式。故填organizations/organisations。
50. 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处表目的，要用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填to protect。
B (2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟)
Peter Tabichi, 61. math and science teacher who has worked to change life for students in a poor area in Kenya, has won the $l million Global Teacher Prize for 2019. Over 10,000 teachers from 179 different countries took part in the competition this year. Mr. Tabichi 62. (choose) from among the ten final teachers.
Mr. Tabichi works al Keriko Secondary School in Pwami Village, Kenya. The school is in a poor area 63. faces many challenges. The classes are huge - there are about 58 students for every teacher.
The school also does not have many 64. (teach) materials that are common in 65. schools. There is only one computer at the school, and the Internet connection is not very good. Still, Mr. Tabichi has been able to lead his students to great results. He has tried 66. (build) on things that the students are already interested in and good at. In the last three years, the number of students 67. (double), and yet there are far 68. (few) behavior problems than there were before Mr. Tabichi started.
He also helps the families of his students and the other people in the area. Once every three or four years, the area is hit by a serious drought. Mr. Tabichi has worked to teach the local people 69. to grow plants that can survive even when there isn’t much rain.
Mr. Tabichi said that if he won the 70. (compete), he would like to use the money to improve his school. He wants to help build u the science program. He hopes to buy more computers and get the school a better Internet connection.
“To be a great teacher, you have to be very creative, you have to do more and talk less.” he says.
【答案】 61.a 62. was chosen 63. which/that 64. teaching 65. other / most 66. to build 67. has doubled 68. fewer 69. how 70. competition
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Peter Tabichi的事迹。Peter Tabichi是一个数学和科学教师，赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。他曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生和其他人的生活。
【解析】
61.a 考查冠词。句意：曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生生活的一个数学和科学教师Peter Tabichi赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。根据math and science teacher可知此处要用冠词a表示“一个”。故填a。
62. was chosen 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：来自179个国家的一万多名教师参加了今年的比赛。Tabichi先生是从决赛十位教师中挑选出来的。根据took part in可知此处时态是一般过去时，且主语Mr. Tabichi与choose之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填was chosen。
63. which/that 考查定语从句。句意：这所学校位于一个面临许多挑战的贫困地区。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，定语从句缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
64. teaching 考查名词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。此处teaching是名词，意为“教学”，teaching materials教学资料。故填teaching。
65. other / most考查形容词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。根据that are common可知此处可以用形容词other意为“其他的”或most意为“大多数”的修饰名词schools。故填other / most。
66. to build考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图以学生们已经感兴趣并擅长的事情为基础。固定短语try to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事。故填to build。
67. has doubled考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据In the last three years可知此处时态是现在完成时，且主语是the number of students可知谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has doubled。
68. fewer考查形容词的比较级。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据副词far可知此处要用形容词，再由than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。
69. how考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Tabichi先生一直致力于教当地人如何种植即使在少雨的情况下也能存活的植物。根据谓语动词teach可知此处要用由how连接的宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。
70. competition考查名词。句意：Tabichi先生说，如果他赢得了比赛，他想用这笔钱来改善他的学校。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词，且competition是不可数名词。故填competition。
C (2020年湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite the sudden jump in imported infections in the past few days, the number of inbound trips 61. (be) 120,000 on average a day since the WHO declared the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)outbreak a pandemic(流行病)on March 11, 62. is an 80 percent drop year-on-year, according to the National Immigration Administration.
A number of Chinese 63. (live) abroad are returning to China regardless of the huge economic cost and difficulties involved. The fact 64. (reflect) the effectiveness of the prevention and control measures. 65. (compare) with foreign countries, the Chinese government’s resolute and comprehensive response have met the 66. (expect) of the Chinese people.
Therefore, the returnees’(海归的)choice should be respected if they fulfill the prevention and control requirements of both China and their host country.
The wrongdoings of a few returnees who hid their symptoms at airports 67. thus forced their close contacts into quarantine(隔离期), too, should not remind the government 68. (close) the door to its own people.
But such issues can be resolved by systemic reform, effective distribution of labor and introduction of advanced technology. Also, the fact that China’s approach, which has always been aimed at corporate and 69. (peace) development and common good, has proved effective in the fight 70. the pandemic shows it can be used as reference by other countries.
【答案】 61. has been 62. which 63. living 64. reflects 65. Compared 66. expectations 67. and 68. to close 69. peaceful 70. against
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国外新型冠状病毒疫情肆虐，许多生活在国外的中国人不顾巨大的经济成本和困难返回中国。这一事实反映了预防和控制措施的有效性。但也说明了其中存在的问题以及解决措施，中国抗疫的经验值得其它国家借鉴。
【解析】
61. has been考查动词时态。根据后文since the WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic on March 11可知应用现在完成时，主语为the number of inbound trips，助动词应用has。故填has been。
62. which考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词120,000 on average a day，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
63. living考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知live在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Chinese构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填living。
64. reflects考查动词时态。本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为fact，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填reflects。
65. Compared 考查非谓语动词。根据短语be compared with表示“与……相比较”，分析句子结构可知compare在句中作非谓语动词，故省略be动词填compared。句首字母要大写。故填Compared。
66. expectations考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词expectation，且expectation为可数名词前面没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填expectations。
67. and 考查连词。句意：一些回国人员在机场隐藏了自己的症状，因此他们的亲密接触者也被隔离。他们的错误行为不应该提醒政府关闭对本国人民的大门。结合上下文语境可知为承接关系，故用连词and。故填and。
68. to close 考查非谓语动词。根据短语remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。故填to close。
69. peaceful考查形容词。修饰名词development应用形容词peaceful。故填peaceful。
70. against考查介词。根据句意“而且，中国一贯以企业和平发展和共同利益为目标的做法，在抗击艾滋病的斗争中被证明是行之有效的，这也表明中国的做法可以为其他国家借鉴。”短语fight against表示“对抗，反对”符合句意。故填against。
D (2020年江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第一次联考)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually 41. (trace) back to bats. One bat can host many different viruses 42. getting sick.
In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their 43. (investigate) of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.
The energy demands of fight 44. (be) so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA 45. might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would 46. (normal) cause inflammation（炎症）47. it fought the viruses.
Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very 48. (damage) to the body. They have 49. weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”
Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current 50. would most likely happen.
【答案】41. be traced 42. without 43. investigation 44. are 45. which 46. normally 47. as/ when
48. damaging 49. balanced 50. one
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。新冠状病毒的起源是蝙蝠。文章解释了蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而自身不生病的原因。
【解析】
41. 考查语态。句意：如果之前的冠状病毒的爆发给了一些暗示，那么这次武汉的疫情蔓延可以归源于蝙蝠。短语trace back to “可追溯到，始于”作谓语；句子主语the Wuhan strain和trace back to 之间是逻辑上的被动关系；在情态动词may后接动词原形，因此用be done形式。故填be traced。
42. 考查介词。句意：蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而不生病。根据常识可以推理，蝙蝠可以携带病毒，但自身不生病。故填without。
43. 考查名词。句意：在2018年发表于《细胞宿主与微生物》的一篇论文中，中国和新加坡的科学家们报道了他们关于蝙蝠是如何应对一种叫基因感知的东西的调查。分析句子结构， 所填词作谓语动词reported的宾语，应用名词作宾语；investigate是动词，名词形式为investigation。 故填investigation。
44. 考查主谓一致。句意：这种斗争的能量需求是如此之大，以至于体内的细胞会分解并释放少量的DNA，然后这些DNA就会漂浮在它们不应该在的地方。句子主语是The energy demands of fight，中心词demands是复数，谓语be动词也应用复数形式；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。
45. 考查定语从句。句意：哺乳动物，包括蝙蝠，有办法识别和对这少量的DNA作出反应，而这些DNA可能意味着一种致病微生物的入侵。分析句子结构，设空处后是定语从句，先行词是such bits of DNA，指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。
46. 考查副词。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。修饰谓语动词 cause，应用副词形式。故填normally。
47. 考查时间状语从句。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。 根据句意，设空处后是时间状语从句，意思为“当他们在与病毒作斗争时”，因此用as/ when引导时间状语从句。故填as/ when。
48. 考查形容词。句意：蝙蝠失去了一些与这种反应有关的基因，这是有道理的，因为炎症本身对身体有很大的伤害。在be动词后， 应接形容词作表语；damage是动词，形容词是damaging，意思为“有破坏性的，损坏的”。故填damaging。
49. 考查时态。句意： 他们已经平衡了减弱的反应，但它仍然存在。根据句意，该句是现在完成时，表示对现在的影响；空前有have，应填过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填balanced。
50. 考查代词。句意： 中国的科学家已经在仔细研究蝙蝠，清楚地知道像现在这样的爆发很可能会发生。不定代词one表示替代具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”，以避免重复。根据句意，此处用不定代词one指代 an outbreak。故填one。
E (2020年江西省赣州市高三摸底考试)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although Western medicine is 41. (current) more popular, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) maintains its vitality（生命力）. After 42. (century) of development, plentiful experiences in diagnosis and treatment have enriched TCM theories.
TCM theories began to take shape some 2,000 years ago, 43. (base) on the philosophies of jing and qi, the five elements of nature, and yin-yang. Jing and qi are the vital essences of life. The five elements, i.e. metal, wood, water, fire and earth, 44. (believe) to mutually reinforce and restrain each other（相生相克）. Yin and yang represent the two opposing aspects of 45. object or two contradictory objects. 46. (keep) yin and yang balanced ensures good health.
With much 47. (fast) healing effects, Western medicine has become popular in China since the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and had great impact on TCM, so much so that a debate on 48. to support TCM took place. It wasn’t until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 49. TCM started to be revived（复兴）. In October 2015, Tu Youyou, a Chinese TCM researcher, won the Nobel Prize in medicine, an 50. (achieve) that has injected new life into the development of TCM.
【答案】
41. currently 42. centuries 43. based 44. are believed 45. an/one 46. Keeping 47. faster 48. whether
49. that 50. achievement
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。西药因为疗效快更受欢迎，但中药一直有自己的生命力，且屠呦呦获诺贝尔医学奖更是给中药发展注入了活力。
【解析】
41. 考查副词。句意：虽然当前西药更流行，但传统的中药有自己的生命力。popular是形容词，应该用副词修饰，current的副词是currently。故填currently。
42. 考查名词复数。句意：数个世纪的发展后，大量的诊断和治疗中的经验丰富了中药理论。century是可数名词，前面没有修饰限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填centuries。
43. 考查非谓语。句意：基于精气哲学，自然的五要素和阴阳，2000年前中药中药理论开始形成。分析句子可知，began是句子的谓语，base要用非谓语形式，be based on “以......为基础”所以用过去分词，即based。故填based。
44. 考查动词语态。句意：金、木、水、火和土五中元素被认为相生相克。根据整段时态判断要用一般现在时；主语是five elements，谓语要用复数形式；主语five elements与believe是被动关系，用被动语态，故填are believed。
45. 考查冠词\代词。句意：阴阳代表一个物体的两个对立面或者两个矛盾的物体。根据句意，此处表“一个”， object为元音音素开头的字母。故填an/one。
46. 考查动名词做主语。句意：保持阴阳平衡能确保身体健康。ensue是句子的谓语，keep要用动名词充当句子的主语放在句首，所以用doing形式。故填Keeping。
47. 考查比较级。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。此处是西药和中药对比，应该用比较级，故填faster。
48. 考查宾语从句。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。西药如此流行以至于在是否支持传统中药引起了争论。空白处做介词on的宾语，引导宾语从句，根据句意表“是否”，故填whether。
49. 考查强调句。句意：直到1949年中华人名共和国成立，传统中药才开始复兴。“It is\was+被强调部分+that\who(指人)+其余成分”是强调句的基本句式，此处not until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949是被强调部分，故填that。
50. 考查名词。句意：2015年10月，中国传统中药研究者屠呦呦，获得了医学诺贝尔奖，这项成就给传统中药的发展注入了新的活力。 an修饰单数可数名词，achieve的名词形式是achievement，故填achievement。
预测07 语法填空
预测一、语法填空一般为200词左右的说明文或者记叙文，难度适中。考查形式为给出提示词和不给出提示词两种，不给出提示词的题目一般为3个，提示词填空多为7个。给出提示词的题目包括词性转换、名词的单复数、动词的时态/语态和非谓语动词等。不给出提示词的有冠词、连词或连接词、代词、介词等，不给出提示词时只能填一个单词，如下图：
预测二、2020年高考语法填空的考点依然是非谓语动词，动词，副词，时态和语态等为主，以下为2019年全国卷1-3的题型分布：
语法填空为纯语法题，但是在解题过程中也应该注意方式和方法，这样能够更好的判断所填词汇的词性和词形，具体如下：
A（2019•新课标全国卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】 61. that 62. poorly 63. of/for 64. to perform 65. have reported 66. belief 67. noting 68. higher 69. the 70. are
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍北极熊的分布和数量等相关信息。
【解析】
(61)考查名词性从句. 这是同位语从句, 解释evidence (证据) , 故答案为that.
(62)考查形容词转换副词。此处修饰studied ,故用副词,故答案为poorly.
(63)考查介词的搭配。由空格后的动名词可知此处需要介词,指追踪北极能数量的方法,故答案为of或for.
(64)考查非谓语动词。主+系+形容词+to ......此处句意为:追踪北极能数量的方法在很大范围内一直进行的话是很昂贵的。故答案为to perform.
(65)考查动词的时态。In recent years是现在完成时的标志,故答案为have reported.
(66)考查词性转换。由a可知此处用believe的名词 ,故答案为belief.
(67)考查非谓语动词。by+v-ing 表示”通..... , 故答案为noting.
(68)考查形容词的比较级。由than可知此处用比较级,故答案为higher.
(69)考查冠词的用法。句意:在19个公认的北极能亚种.....此处表示特指，故用定冠词the.
(70)此处考查谓语。根据前一句three are declining可知此处用一般现在时 ,故答案为are.
[点评]考查语法填空。做题要求:一是在空格处填入适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题-般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等,如果是冠词,则空后需跟名词。而有提示词的需要根据语境,分析句子结构,判断所填词的词性,再确定所填词的形式。
B（2019•新课标全国卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61 （be）Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 （final）been acknowledged after a customer nominated（提名）her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene 64 （declare） she had no plans 65 （retire） from her 36-year-old business. Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66 （make） over the years. I work not because I have to, 67 because I want to."
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 （say） she was short-listed, we thought it was 69 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's 70 (wonder）.”
【答案】 61. being 62. which 63. finally 64. declared 65. to retire 66. have made 67. but 68. saying 69. a 70. wonderful
【语篇导读】 本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了九十高龄的Irene作为英国最年长的全职员工,依然在宠物店做着朝九晚五的工作,没有退休的打算,她由此被评为“年度女士"。
【解析】
（61）考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词for可知,此处用动名词形式作宾语,故填being.
（62）考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop ,在非限制性定语从句中作opened一词的宾语,故用which.
（63）考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged ,意为"最终得到认可" , 故填finally.
（64）考查时态。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene ,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had以及said可知,用一般过去时态, 故填declared.
（65）考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth作后置定语,用来修饰前面的名词plan，表....的计划“，故填to retire.
（66）考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语"over the years"可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意:我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made.
（67）考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用but与前文not呼应,构成......之意，故填but。
（68）考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词Call ,故此处用非谓语动词形式,根据say与其逻辑主语call是主动关系,故填saying.
（69）考查冠词用法。句意:我们还以为这是一个玩笑。 此处joke为泛指,故填a。
（70）考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful.
C（2019•新课标全国卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take 62 （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65 （recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya（木瓜）and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 （compete）to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 （tradition）stories about Hawaii that were 68 （huge）popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69 （invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70 （listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】 61. so 62. to get 63. of 64. who 65. recommended 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely 69. were invited 70. listening
【语篇导读】 这是一篇记叙文。 作者讲述了他们去夏威夷度假途中的经历以及到了主人家后受到的礼遇,主人热情招待他们,还在工作之余带他们参加了很多当地的活动。
【解析】
(61) 考查副词。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so...that.."意为“如...以至于...” , 引导结果状语从句。故答案为so.
(62) 考查不定式。句意:在我们去那座房子的路上,雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。固定搭配it take+时间+to do sth,此处how long指代时间,位置提前, take后接动词不定式,表示需要花费多少时间,故答案为to get.
(63) 考查介词。句意:我们首先受到了-群狗吠的欢迎,确切地说有七只。 "a pack of"意为“一 群”。故答案为of.
(64) 考查定语从句.句意:它们被他们的主人训练得很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。had great experience with caring for these animals作为定语从句修饰先行词masters (主人) ,且从句缺主语,用who。故答案为who.
(65) 考查动词的时态。句意:我们的东道主跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、 购物和参观的地"and"前后两个动作"shared" 与"recommended" 是并列关系,时态一致。 故答案为recommended.
(66) 考查名词。句意:当他们从工作中空闲下来的时候,他们邀请我们参加当地的活动,让我们知道一场有趣的比赛背后有一个故事。空格前的不定冠词an和形容词interesting修饰可数名词单数 , compete用名词形式competition,比赛。故答案为competition。
(67) 考查形容词。句意:他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的,夏威夷的传统故事。空格修饰名词stories ,应用形容词形式, tradition的形容词为traditional ,故答案为traditional.
(68) 考查副词。句意:他们也跟我们分享了许多在游客中很受欢迎的,夏威夷的传统故事。空格处单词修饰形容词popular , 应用副词形式, huge的副词为hugely ,故答案为hugely.
(69) 考查被动语态。句意:我们被邀请参加一场在星空下,北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会 ,听着音乐家们的演奏,会见有趣的当地人。由"on the last day of our week-long stay"可知,句子时态为一般过去时。主语为we ,受到邀请,用被动语态, 故答案为were invited.
(70)考查非谓语动词。句意:我们被邀请参加一场在星空下,北海岸一个漂亮的农场里的私人音乐会,听着音乐家们的演奏，会见有趣的当地人。由and前后连接两个并列的结构, and后meeting为现在分词, listen也用现在分词,故答案为listening.
[点评]本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化,固定搭配,动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功,加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
D（2019•北京高考）
阅读下面3篇短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
On the first day of my first grade，I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 （voice）my biggest concern to my mother. “How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. “Be yourself.” For the past 20years. I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 （face） challenges. I know I will whisper to 3 （I） the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】 1. voiced 2. facing 3. myself
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述作者一年级对交友感到困惑,妈妈的建议Be yourself让他受益终身。
【解析】
(1 )考查时态。句意:我向妈妈表达了我最大的担忧，“我将如何交朋友 ?"此处的voice是动词，“表达” 的意思,作谓语。叙述的是一年级的事情,用一般过去式。故填voiced.
(2 )考查非谓语动词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字"Be yourself"。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语,要用非谓语动词,其逻辑主语是I ,与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词作状语。故填facing.
(3 )考查代词。句意:紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自2说两个简单的字"Be yourself"。本句的主语是I ,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代词。故填myself.
[点评]本题考点涉及非谓语动词,时态,代词等知识点的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据 上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
B
Earth Day， 4 （mark）on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 5 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）. No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various 6 （activity）on Earth Day. You can plant a tree，make a meal with locally grown vegetables，or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【答案】 4. marked 5. in 6. activities
【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了地球日这一节日的历史和意义。
【解析】
(4) 考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4月22日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day的后置定语,且两者之间是被动关系,要用过去分词。故填marked.
(5) 考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今, 这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区.在年份前要用介词in.故填in.
(6) 考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知, 此处要用名词的复数。故填activities.
[点评]本题考点涉及非谓语动词,名词以及介词等知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上, 进一步根据 上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？Research on the question 7 （suggest）that，for most students，it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged（参与）in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources（资源），Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 （meaning）college experience.
【答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. where 9. who 10. meaningful
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明,大学的名气对学生来说并不重要,从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活,充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
【解析】
(7)考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果,所以用一般现在时,一般过去时或现在完成时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has suggested.
(8)考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where.
(9)考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。…are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 是定语从句,修饰先行词those ,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填who.
(10)考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience, 故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful.
[点评]本题考点涉及时态,宾语从句,定语从句以及形容词等多个知识点的考查,是-篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。
E（2019•浙江高考题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ____56_____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody wears_____57____same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ____58_____gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or _____59____ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _____60____(easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer _____61____this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades _____62____ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ____63_____ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect)between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【答案】 56. has/will have 57. the 58. that 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to 62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文,谈论校服的诸多好处。虽然一些学校开始废除校服 ,但是校服还是很受欢迎。
【解析】
(56)考查时态。句意:如果学校里的每个孩子都穿着校服,就不会有人担心时尚了.根据从句中的wears可知此处用一般现在时或现在完成时,故答案为has或will have.
(57)考查冠词.句意:每个月都穿着同样风格的衣服。the same是固定搭配,故答案为the.
(58)考查定语从句.句意:在夹克的边沿, 有一块能够在黑暗中发光的布。此处是定语从句,修饰先行词cloth ,关系词同时在从句中作主语, 而且主句是there be开头，故答案为that.
(59) 考查分词。句意:但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时,汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。由or可知前后是平行结构,此处与walking并列,故答案为cycling.
(60) 考查副词。句意:但孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或者骑车去学校时,汽车司机可以轻易地看见他们。此处修饰动词see, 所以用副词,故答案为easily.
(61) 考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案并不明确。the answer to this question ,这个问题的答案,是固定搭配,故答案为to
(62) 考查动词的时态。句意:美国的一个研究发现在学校尝试了制服之后,学生们的成绩有了一点提高。根据句中的其他动词found，introduced可知此处用一般过去式, 故答案为improved.
(63) 考查动词不定式。句意:但是一些学校不想穿制服。want to do sth. 想做某事。故答案为to wear.
(64) 考查词性转换。句意:其他的美国研究表明制服和学校表现之前没有联系。此处位于no之后,作show的宾语, 所以用名词, 故答案为connection.
(65) 考查词性转换。句意:校服在英语是传统的,但是一些学校开始抛弃它们。be+ 形容词,构成系表结构。故答案为traditional.
[点评]本题考查在语境中根据语法规则对单词进行正确使用。需要考虑词性变化,固定搭配,动词的各种形式等语法知识。答题时注意上下文所提供的信息。平时要夯实自身的基本功,加强词汇记忆以及学会灵活词性转换。
A (2020年广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试)
2020届广西玉林市高三第一次适应性考试（1）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whales have been facing serious danger for a long time.
First, due 41. the greenhouse effect, glaciers are melting, and some living creatures in the Antarctic and the Arctic 42. (be) on the edge of extinction. With global warming, life in other parts of the ocean has also been seriously affected, whales 43. (include).
Secondly, whaling activity is another killer. Historically, whaling has been popular in some overseas countries, such as England, Japan and Norway. On the one hand, some people’s desire for money can’t 44. (meet) easily, and they regard whales as a money-making machine. A kilogram of whale meat can fetch about $100 in Japan. On 45. other hand, advanced technology has increased the efficiency of whaling and 46. (great) reduced the number of whales. What’s more, some countries are still on whaling in the name of science, 47. (seem) curious about this creature.
The fact 48. whales are on the edge of extinction is alarming us. Some 49. (organize) have begun working hard to save them. The international community has made a strategy against commercial whaling. In my opinion, governments should also make tough laws 50. (protect) whales.
【答案】
41. to 42. are 43. Included 44. be met 45. the 46. greatly 47. seeming 48. that 49. organizations/ organizations 50. to protect
【语篇导读】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲸鱼长期以来面临灭绝的主要原因，以及国际组织对这一问题的重视。
【解析】
41. 考查固定搭配。due to是固定搭配，意为“因为、由于”。故填to。
42. 考查主谓一致。本文讲事实，时态以一般现在时为主，some living creatures是主语，所以谓语该用are。故填are。
43. 考查过去分词。included在表示“包括……在内”时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，即sb./sth. included，做名词的后置定语，所以用过去分词included。故填included。
44. 考查语态。分析句子可知，此处缺乏谓语动词，主语some people’s desire for money与meet是被动关系（be done），所以该用被动语态。故填be met。
45. 考查固定搭配。on the other hand是固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。故填the。
46. 考查副词。great要修饰动词reduced，副词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。故填greatly。
47. 考查现在分词。该句已有谓语动词are，此空前又没有连词，可知此处该填现在分词（doing），动词seem和主语some countries是主动关系，所以用现在分词做伴随状语。故填seeming。
48. 考查同位语从句引导词。that引导同位语从句，that在从句不作成分，无实意。故填that。
49. 考查名词。此句中缺主语，且主语前有some所修饰，应使用可数名词复数形式。故填organizations/organisations。
50. 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，此处表目的，要用动词不定式（to do）作目的状语。故填to protect。
B (2020年河南省六市高考第一次模拟)
Peter Tabichi, 61. math and science teacher who has worked to change life for students in a poor area in Kenya, has won the $l million Global Teacher Prize for 2019. Over 10,000 teachers from 179 different countries took part in the competition this year. Mr. Tabichi 62. (choose) from among the ten final teachers.
Mr. Tabichi works al Keriko Secondary School in Pwami Village, Kenya. The school is in a poor area 63. faces many challenges. The classes are huge - there are about 58 students for every teacher.
The school also does not have many 64. (teach) materials that are common in 65. schools. There is only one computer at the school, and the Internet connection is not very good. Still, Mr. Tabichi has been able to lead his students to great results. He has tried 66. (build) on things that the students are already interested in and good at. In the last three years, the number of students 67. (double), and yet there are far 68. (few) behavior problems than there were before Mr. Tabichi started.
He also helps the families of his students and the other people in the area. Once every three or four years, the area is hit by a serious drought. Mr. Tabichi has worked to teach the local people 69. to grow plants that can survive even when there isn’t much rain.
Mr. Tabichi said that if he won the 70. (compete), he would like to use the money to improve his school. He wants to help build u the science program. He hopes to buy more computers and get the school a better Internet connection.
“To be a great teacher, you have to be very creative, you have to do more and talk less.” he says.
【答案】 61.a 62. was chosen 63. which/that 64. teaching 65. other / most 66. to build 67. has doubled 68. fewer 69. how 70. competition
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Peter Tabichi的事迹。Peter Tabichi是一个数学和科学教师，赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。他曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生和其他人的生活。
【解析】
61.a 考查冠词。句意：曾致力于改变肯尼亚贫困地区学生生活的一个数学和科学教师Peter Tabichi赢得了2019年价值100万美元的全球教师奖。根据math and science teacher可知此处要用冠词a表示“一个”。故填a。
62. was chosen 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：来自179个国家的一万多名教师参加了今年的比赛。Tabichi先生是从决赛十位教师中挑选出来的。根据took part in可知此处时态是一般过去时，且主语Mr. Tabichi与choose之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态。故填was chosen。
63. which/that 考查定语从句。句意：这所学校位于一个面临许多挑战的贫困地区。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，定语从句缺少主语，因此要用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
64. teaching 考查名词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。此处teaching是名词，意为“教学”，teaching materials教学资料。故填teaching。
65. other / most考查形容词。句意：学校也没有很多在其它（或者大多数）学校常见的教材。根据that are common可知此处可以用形容词other意为“其他的”或most意为“大多数”的修饰名词schools。故填other / most。
66. to build考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图以学生们已经感兴趣并擅长的事情为基础。固定短语try to do sth.尝试做某事，试图做某事。故填to build。
67. has doubled考查动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据In the last three years可知此处时态是现在完成时，且主语是the number of students可知谓语动词要用单数形式。故填has doubled。
68. fewer考查形容词的比较级。句意：在过去的三年里，学生的数量翻了一番，但是行为问题却比Tabichi先生开始之前少了很多。根据副词far可知此处要用形容词，再由than可知此处要用形容词的比较级。故填fewer。
69. how考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Tabichi先生一直致力于教当地人如何种植即使在少雨的情况下也能存活的植物。根据谓语动词teach可知此处要用由how连接的宾语从句，表示“怎样，如何”。故填how。
70. competition考查名词。句意：Tabichi先生说，如果他赢得了比赛，他想用这笔钱来改善他的学校。根据冠词the可知此处要用名词，且competition是不可数名词。故填competition。
C (2020年湖南省三湘名校高三第二次大联考)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Despite the sudden jump in imported infections in the past few days, the number of inbound trips 61. (be) 120,000 on average a day since the WHO declared the novel coronavirus(新型冠状病毒)outbreak a pandemic(流行病)on March 11, 62. is an 80 percent drop year-on-year, according to the National Immigration Administration.
A number of Chinese 63. (live) abroad are returning to China regardless of the huge economic cost and difficulties involved. The fact 64. (reflect) the effectiveness of the prevention and control measures. 65. (compare) with foreign countries, the Chinese government’s resolute and comprehensive response have met the 66. (expect) of the Chinese people.
Therefore, the returnees’(海归的)choice should be respected if they fulfill the prevention and control requirements of both China and their host country.
The wrongdoings of a few returnees who hid their symptoms at airports 67. thus forced their close contacts into quarantine(隔离期), too, should not remind the government 68. (close) the door to its own people.
But such issues can be resolved by systemic reform, effective distribution of labor and introduction of advanced technology. Also, the fact that China’s approach, which has always been aimed at corporate and 69. (peace) development and common good, has proved effective in the fight 70. the pandemic shows it can be used as reference by other countries.
【答案】 61. has been 62. which 63. living 64. reflects 65. Compared 66. expectations 67. and 68. to close 69. peaceful 70. against
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了国外新型冠状病毒疫情肆虐，许多生活在国外的中国人不顾巨大的经济成本和困难返回中国。这一事实反映了预防和控制措施的有效性。但也说明了其中存在的问题以及解决措施，中国抗疫的经验值得其它国家借鉴。
【解析】
61. has been考查动词时态。根据后文since the WHO declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic on March 11可知应用现在完成时，主语为the number of inbound trips，助动词应用has。故填has been。
62. which考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词120,000 on average a day，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
63. living考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知live在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语Chinese构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填living。
64. reflects考查动词时态。本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为fact，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填reflects。
65. Compared 考查非谓语动词。根据短语be compared with表示“与……相比较”，分析句子结构可知compare在句中作非谓语动词，故省略be动词填compared。句首字母要大写。故填Compared。
66. expectations考查名词。根据上文the可知应填名词expectation，且expectation为可数名词前面没有冠词，故用复数形式。故填expectations。
67. and 考查连词。句意：一些回国人员在机场隐藏了自己的症状，因此他们的亲密接触者也被隔离。他们的错误行为不应该提醒政府关闭对本国人民的大门。结合上下文语境可知为承接关系，故用连词and。故填and。
68. to close 考查非谓语动词。根据短语remind sb. to do sth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。故填to close。
69. peaceful考查形容词。修饰名词development应用形容词peaceful。故填peaceful。
70. against考查介词。根据句意“而且，中国一贯以企业和平发展和共同利益为目标的做法，在抗击艾滋病的斗争中被证明是行之有效的，这也表明中国的做法可以为其他国家借鉴。”短语fight against表示“对抗，反对”符合句意。故填against。
D (2020年江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第一次联考)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If previous outbreaks of coronavirus are any indication, the Wuhan strain that is now spreading may eventually 41. (trace) back to bats. One bat can host many different viruses 42. getting sick.
In a 2018 paper in Cell Host and Microbe, scientists in China and Singapore reported their 43. (investigate) of how bats handle something called DNA sensing.
The energy demands of fight 44. (be) so great that cells in the body break down and release bits of DNA that are then floating around where they shouldn’t be. Mammals, including bats, have ways to identify and respond to such bits of DNA 45. might indicate an invasion of a disease-causing organism. But in bats, they found, evolution has weakened that system, which would 46. (normal) cause inflammation（炎症）47. it fought the viruses.
Bats have lost some genes involved in that response, which makes sense because the inflammation itself can be very 48. (damage) to the body. They have 49. weakened response, but it is still there. Thus, the researchers write, this weakened response may allow them to maintain a “balanced state of ‘effective response’ but not ‘over response’ against viruses.”
Scientists in China were already studying the bats carefully, well aware that an outbreak like the current 50. would most likely happen.
【答案】41. be traced 42. without 43. investigation 44. are 45. which 46. normally 47. as/ when
48. damaging 49. balanced 50. one
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。新冠状病毒的起源是蝙蝠。文章解释了蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而自身不生病的原因。
【解析】
41. 考查语态。句意：如果之前的冠状病毒的爆发给了一些暗示，那么这次武汉的疫情蔓延可以归源于蝙蝠。短语trace back to “可追溯到，始于”作谓语；句子主语the Wuhan strain和trace back to 之间是逻辑上的被动关系；在情态动词may后接动词原形，因此用be done形式。故填be traced。
42. 考查介词。句意：蝙蝠可以是很多不同的病毒的宿主而不生病。根据常识可以推理，蝙蝠可以携带病毒，但自身不生病。故填without。
43. 考查名词。句意：在2018年发表于《细胞宿主与微生物》的一篇论文中，中国和新加坡的科学家们报道了他们关于蝙蝠是如何应对一种叫基因感知的东西的调查。分析句子结构， 所填词作谓语动词reported的宾语，应用名词作宾语；investigate是动词，名词形式为investigation。 故填investigation。
44. 考查主谓一致。句意：这种斗争的能量需求是如此之大，以至于体内的细胞会分解并释放少量的DNA，然后这些DNA就会漂浮在它们不应该在的地方。句子主语是The energy demands of fight，中心词demands是复数，谓语be动词也应用复数形式；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填are。
45. 考查定语从句。句意：哺乳动物，包括蝙蝠，有办法识别和对这少量的DNA作出反应，而这些DNA可能意味着一种致病微生物的入侵。分析句子结构，设空处后是定语从句，先行词是such bits of DNA，指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句。故填which。
46. 考查副词。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。修饰谓语动词 cause，应用副词形式。故填normally。
47. 考查时间状语从句。句意：但他们发现，在蝙蝠身上，进化已经削弱了这一系统，这通常会让它们在与病毒斗争时引起炎症。 根据句意，设空处后是时间状语从句，意思为“当他们在与病毒作斗争时”，因此用as/ when引导时间状语从句。故填as/ when。
48. 考查形容词。句意：蝙蝠失去了一些与这种反应有关的基因，这是有道理的，因为炎症本身对身体有很大的伤害。在be动词后， 应接形容词作表语；damage是动词，形容词是damaging，意思为“有破坏性的，损坏的”。故填damaging。
49. 考查时态。句意： 他们已经平衡了减弱的反应，但它仍然存在。根据句意，该句是现在完成时，表示对现在的影响；空前有have，应填过去分词形式构成现在完成时。故填balanced。
50. 考查代词。句意： 中国的科学家已经在仔细研究蝙蝠，清楚地知道像现在这样的爆发很可能会发生。不定代词one表示替代具体的“一个人”或“一个事物”，以避免重复。根据句意，此处用不定代词one指代 an outbreak。故填one。
E (2020年江西省赣州市高三摸底考试)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although Western medicine is 41. (current) more popular, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) maintains its vitality（生命力）. After 42. (century) of development, plentiful experiences in diagnosis and treatment have enriched TCM theories.
TCM theories began to take shape some 2,000 years ago, 43. (base) on the philosophies of jing and qi, the five elements of nature, and yin-yang. Jing and qi are the vital essences of life. The five elements, i.e. metal, wood, water, fire and earth, 44. (believe) to mutually reinforce and restrain each other（相生相克）. Yin and yang represent the two opposing aspects of 45. object or two contradictory objects. 46. (keep) yin and yang balanced ensures good health.
With much 47. (fast) healing effects, Western medicine has become popular in China since the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and had great impact on TCM, so much so that a debate on 48. to support TCM took place. It wasn’t until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 49. TCM started to be revived（复兴）. In October 2015, Tu Youyou, a Chinese TCM researcher, won the Nobel Prize in medicine, an 50. (achieve) that has injected new life into the development of TCM.
【答案】
41. currently 42. centuries 43. based 44. are believed 45. an/one 46. Keeping 47. faster 48. whether
49. that 50. achievement
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。西药因为疗效快更受欢迎，但中药一直有自己的生命力，且屠呦呦获诺贝尔医学奖更是给中药发展注入了活力。
【解析】
41. 考查副词。句意：虽然当前西药更流行，但传统的中药有自己的生命力。popular是形容词，应该用副词修饰，current的副词是currently。故填currently。
42. 考查名词复数。句意：数个世纪的发展后，大量的诊断和治疗中的经验丰富了中药理论。century是可数名词，前面没有修饰限定词，所以要用复数形式。故填centuries。
43. 考查非谓语。句意：基于精气哲学，自然的五要素和阴阳，2000年前中药中药理论开始形成。分析句子可知，began是句子的谓语，base要用非谓语形式，be based on “以......为基础”所以用过去分词，即based。故填based。
44. 考查动词语态。句意：金、木、水、火和土五中元素被认为相生相克。根据整段时态判断要用一般现在时；主语是five elements，谓语要用复数形式；主语five elements与believe是被动关系，用被动语态，故填are believed。
45. 考查冠词\代词。句意：阴阳代表一个物体的两个对立面或者两个矛盾的物体。根据句意，此处表“一个”， object为元音音素开头的字母。故填an/one。
46. 考查动名词做主语。句意：保持阴阳平衡能确保身体健康。ensue是句子的谓语，keep要用动名词充当句子的主语放在句首，所以用doing形式。故填Keeping。
47. 考查比较级。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。此处是西药和中药对比，应该用比较级，故填faster。
48. 考查宾语从句。句意：因为疗效更快，西药从清代开始在中国流行且对中药有很大影响。西药如此流行以至于在是否支持传统中药引起了争论。空白处做介词on的宾语，引导宾语从句，根据句意表“是否”，故填whether。
49. 考查强调句。句意：直到1949年中华人名共和国成立，传统中药才开始复兴。“It is\was+被强调部分+that\who(指人)+其余成分”是强调句的基本句式，此处not until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949是被强调部分，故填that。
50. 考查名词。句意：2015年10月，中国传统中药研究者屠呦呦，获得了医学诺贝尔奖，这项成就给传统中药的发展注入了新的活力。 an修饰单数可数名词，achieve的名词形式是achievement，故填achievement。
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