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专题14 语法填空
技巧1 勿＂惯性思维＂
1. Staying ________________ the ldest persn is finished is cnsidered t be a basic traditin f Krean table manners.
【错因分析】有些考生看到stay后面跟的是人，就会想到with，殊不知这里不是填介词而是连词。
【试题解析】句意：一直等到最年长的人用膳完毕被认为是韩国餐桌礼仪的一个传统。故填until。
【参考答案】until
2. July 1, 1997 saw the return f Hng Kng t China. The day ur Chinese peple had lked frward t ________________ (cme) at last.
【错因分析】有些考生看到＂lk frward t＂ 就马上想到固定搭配，后面用ding。其实这里的主语是That day，而ur Chinese peple had lked frward t＂是省略了关系代词的定语从句。
【试题解析】cme在主句中充当的是谓语，这里是说过去发生的事情要用一般过去时，故填came。
【参考答案】came
为了避免惯性思维的干扰，考生要认真理清词语的搭配和句子结构，判断出合乎逻辑的句意。下面再给几句容易让思维定势造成误区的句子供考生们学习：
The reasn ________________ he gave us at the meeting was nt acceptable.
（应填that/which，不要以为reasn后面就一定是填why；这里的先行词reasn在从句中作gave的宾语而不是状语）
I will never frget the time ________________ we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
（应填that/which，不要以为先行词是表示时间的，后面就一定是填when；这里的先行词time在从句中作spent的宾语而不是状语）
This is the factry ________________ we visited three years ag.
（应填that/which，不要以为先行词是一个地方，后面就一定是填where；这里的先行词factry在从句中作visited的宾语而不是状语）
3. He was very tired ________________ ding this fr a whle day, but he felt very happy since the crp did ＂grw＂higher.
【解析】有些考生一看到＂be tired＂就马上想到＂be tired f’＂这一短语，但这里不是＂厌倦＂的意思，而是表示＂在⋯⋯之后感到累，因做某事而累＂。
【答案】after / frm
4. I still remember the stry, ________________ believe it r nt we gt lst n a rainy night.
【解析】有些考生看到＂stry＂后面有逗号就填＂which＂，习惯性地认为是非限制性定语从句，其实这是一个同位语从句。
【答案】that
技巧2 勿＂藕断丝连＂
1. Is there anyne yu can think f ________________ may knw which hspital he was sent t?
【错因分析】考生可能会因为没看出来本句中的＂yu can think f’＂是插入语而误填答案。
【试题解析】句意：你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？句中的＂yu can think f’’是插入语，＂anyne＂后面跟的是定语从句，且定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用wh来引导。
【参考答案】wh
命题者有意在句子中使用插入语，给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。要解决这样的困扰，考生必须对英语中的插入语有一定的了解。
首先，插入语在英语中属于独立成分，是对一句话进行附加解释或说明。通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。由于插入语与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整，所以遇到此类题目时，考生应先删掉插入语来理解句子成分。下面列出一些含有插入语的句子(主要是插入语位于句中的句子)供考生们理解，画线部分为插入语：
1. He made anther wnderful discvery, which I think is f great imprtance t science.
2. Wh d yu think will give us a talk this afternn?
3. An awful accident did, hwever, ccur the ther day.
4. If metal is heated and then cled very quickly, fr example, by dipping in water, it will be very hard but will break easily.
5. Sme are yung peple wh, fr ne reasn r anther, have left hme and have nwhere t live.
6. Therefre, ur tbacc seller, Mr. Jhnsn, always asks his custmers, if they are very yung, whm the cigarettes are bught fr.
7. A fast-fd restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is perfrmed quickly.
2. And this is, when my taxi driver tld me, ________________ I nw call, ＂The Law f the Garbage Truck. ＂
【解析】本题中，＂when my taxi driver tld me＂是插入语，＂this is＂后面跟的是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且表示＂什么＂，因此要用what。
【答案】what
3. We were driving in the fight lane ________________ all f a sudden, a black car jumped ut f a parking space right in frnt f us.
【解析】此处是＂be ding sth when...＂结构，表示＂正在做……这时……＂。
【答案】when
4. An American prfessr, Charles Zastrw, ffers an interesting answer, particularly ________________ the secnd questin.
【解析】＂an answer t the questin＂表示＂问题的答案＂，是固定搭配。
【答案】t
技巧3 勿＂同形异性＂
1. Stage schls ften act as agencies which supply children fr stage and televisin wrk. ________________ visit t such schls will leave yu in n dubt that the children enjy themselves.
【错因分析】考生可能会误以为空后的visit是动词，所以错填了代词，而实际上，visit在此用作名词，所以前面缺的应是冠词。
【试题解析】句意：戏剧学校经常充当了代理机构的角色，为孩子提供上台表演和上电视工作的机会。一次到这种学校的参观会毫无疑问地让你相信，那里的孩子是真心享受学校生活。表示＂一次＂要用不定冠词a。
【参考答案】A
2. Language learning research ________________ (shw) that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
【错因分析】有些考生会误以为题中的research是作动词，从而错填成了非谓语shwing，实际上这里research这里用作名词，空处在句中用作谓语。
【试题解析】句意：语言学习研究显示，成功的语言学习者们在很多方面都相似。主语Language learning research为第三人称单数形式，因此谓语也要用第三人称单数，故填shws。
【参考答案】shws
英语中有很多这种同形同义但异性(词性)的单词，或者是同形异性并异义的单词。考生在分析句子成分的时候要仔细，根据＂主语+谓语＂来确定主要成分，再结合句意确定这类单词的词性和意义。此外，平时要注意积累这类单词，下面列出一些常见的词汇：
3. Many peple care fr the questin: am I getting enugh vitamins, and am I getting the right kind? Even thugh very small amunts f each vitamin are enugh fr the needs f the bdy, ________________ wrry that peple have abut vitamins has sme reasns.
【解析】wrry在此用作名词，表示＂担心，担忧＂，在句子中作主语，这里表示＂这种担心＂，且为特指，所以空处要填定冠词the。
【答案】the
技巧4 重语境要联系
1. It was raining lightly when I （arrived） (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hurs , I’d been at hme in Hng Kng, with （its） (it) chking smg.
【错因分析】考生在做此题时容易忽视上下文的语境，单纯从空格所在的句子入手，去揣测答案。
【试题解析】分析题干不难看出，空后的的句子用的是过去完成时，而空格前用的是过去时，由此可以判断“at hme in Hng Kng”发生在“was raining”之前，因而得出答案，故填earlier。
【参考答案】earlier
常用的语篇连词和短语：first, secnd, what’s mre, in additin, apart frm this, last but nt the least, hwever, but, althugh, thugh, despite, because, as, since, nw that, therefre, thus, s, nt nly... but als..., as well as, in a wrd, in shrt, t sum up等。
2. He had a mate and she was dying n the grund. Sitting clse beside her, he pened and clsed _______wings as if t fan her.
【解析】做该题时，不少学生忽视了空格处与句子主语的关系，因而误填the，此处的主语为he，所以空格处要用his，表示＂他的＂。
【答案】his
【名师点睛】考生在做题时要注意句子的整体性，注意句子的前后联系，使用符合英语表达习惯的词来完成空格。如本题，代词的人称和数应与它替代的名词或代词保持一致，而the表示特指或指上文提到过的人或事。
技巧5 抓抽象具体化
1. Yes it wuld cme as _________surprise t a lt f peple t hear that Christmas was actually riginally meant t celebrate the birth f Jesus Christ.
【错因分析】有些抽象名词具体化后，表示一个具体的人或者事，前面必须用不定冠词。比如：pity, shame, pleasure, must, success等。
【试题解析】句意：在听到圣诞节实际上是为了庆祝耶稣的诞生时，很多人都会很惊讶。surprise在此用作名词，表示＂令人惊奇的事＂。
【参考答案】a
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下两类：
一、表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字：惊、乐、幸、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美。
1. surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词）
a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）
in surprise惊奇地、吃惊地 t ne’s surprise令人吃惊的是
What a surprise t see yu here! 在这里见到你真是个意外的事。
2. pleasure愉快、高兴（不可数名词）
a pleasure一件乐事、一个乐趣（可数名词）
如：with pleasure高兴地、乐意地take pleasure in以……为乐、爱好
It’s a pleasure t wrk with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
3. hnr荣誉、信誉（不可数名词）
an hnr一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）
如：fr the hnr f the cuntry 为了国家的荣誉
It’s an hnr t speak here. 在这里发言是我的荣幸。
4. pity 遗憾
a pity 一件遗憾的事
It’s a pity that yu shuld fail t pass the exam. 你没通过考试真是件遗憾的事。
5. pride骄傲（不可数名词）
a pride令人骄傲的人或事（可数名词）
如：He takes pride in his sn. 他以儿子为骄傲。
He is a pride t his parents. 他是父母的一个骄傲。
6. cmfrt安危、舒适（不可数名词）
a cmfrt一个令人安慰的人或事（可数名词）
如：enjy cmfrt 享受舒适
Bks becme a cmfrt t him. 书籍成为他的一种安慰。
She tried t make her children live in cmfrt, which is a great cmfrt t her. 她尽力让她的孩子生活舒适，这对她来说是一种安慰。
7. danger危险（不可数名词）
a danger可能引起危险的人或物（可数名词）
如：In war, a sldier’s life is full f danger. 战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。
The man is a danger t sciety. 那是个对社会危险的人物。
8. success成功（不可数名词）
a success一个成功的人或事（可数名词）
如：be sure f success确信成功
He is a great success as a scientist. 作为科学家，他是个伟大的成功者。
9. failure失败（不可数名词）
a failure/failures 失败的人或事（可数名词）
如：Failure is the mther f success. 失败是成功之母。
He had had six failures and wuld have a seventh try. 他已经历六次失败，并将再次努力。
10. help 帮助
a help帮手，起帮助作用的物
It’s a great help t me. 这对我来说帮助很大。
11. beauty美、美丽（不可数名词）
a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）
如：the beauty f nature大自然的美
He regarded his wife as a beauty. 他把妻子视为美人。
二、表行为的抽象名词，强调其具体表现形式时，常以a/an加抽象名词，或a/an+形容词+抽象名词。常用短语、句型如下：
have a wnderful supper have a strng characterhave a bright future
have a gd time have a ppulatin f have a gd knwledge/understanding f
have an incme f receive a gd educatin receive a warm welcme
cver an area freach a height f It’s a waste f time/mney.
It’s a great help t me. It’s a pity that...
三、表示具体动作意义的抽象名词，加a/an与某些动词（have, take, make, give）等词连用时，表示某一次短暂的动作。
have a swim/rest/lk/trip/discussin/smke/wash/sleep
take a walk/bath give/take a try
make an advance/an early start/an aplgy
take/have a great interest
g ut fr a walk
四、接同源宾语的短语，通常名词表示具体化意义。
die a heric deathlive/lead a happy/simple/hard/pr/bitter lifedream a strange dream
2. My parents apprached the site, which was still wet frm ___________ heavy rain.
【解析】在这道题中，很多考生会误填the，认为rain是物质名词，前面不用冠词，即使使用冠词也应用the，但这里rain前有形容词heavy修饰，因此rain就具体化了，表示＂一场大雨＂要用不定冠词a。
【答案】a
【名师点睛】
类似于rain的用法的名词被称为物质名词，它们一般都是不可数名词，但是一旦在它们前面加上了形容词，就成了物质名词具体化。此处表示＂一场大雨＂，因此应用不定冠词 a .类似的名词还有：dinner泛指＂饭＂， a gd dinner指＂一顿美餐＂；fire泛指＂火＂，a big fire指＂一场大火＂等。
技巧6 用冠词需谨慎
1. On the ther hand, as is knwn t all, ______ hnest man wins the respect f thers.
【错因分析】有些考生会认为hnest是以辅音字母h开头，而误认为要用不定冠词a。实际上，判断是用a还是用an 的关键是看单词发音而不是看首字母。
【试题解析】句意：另一方面，众所周知，诚实的人会赢得别人的尊重。这里是泛指一个诚实的人，因此要用不定冠词，又因hnest是以元音音素开头，因此要用an。
【参考答案】an
2. There was ______big bright mn hanging in the sky, giving ff a magic glw.
【错因分析】有些考生一看见mn，就认为这里是要用定冠词the，而忽略了其前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。
【试题解析】表示独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，需要用不定冠词a或者an，此处mn前有修饰语big bright，因此应用a。
【参考答案】a
3. Anyne wh achieves success in this field can be ____________ success.
【解析】句意：任何一个在这一领域取得成功的人都是成功人士。success在此表示＂一个成功的人“，因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a
4. We can never expect ____________ bluer sky unless we create ____________ less plluted wrld.
【解析】句意：如果我们不创造一个污染较少的世界，就永远不要期待一片更蓝的天空。sky前有形容词比较级bluer修饰，因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a；a
5. ____________ Shanghai f tmrrw is sure t create new splendr and spring up as anther center f internatinal ecnmy.
【解析】表示人名或者地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，但是如果表示＂……的人＂或者具有某种特点的地点，前面可以根据具体情况用不定冠词或者定冠词，这里指的是明天的上海，为特指，因此要用定冠词the。
【答案】The
2020年 高考真题
Clze 1（2020·新课标卷I）
China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess 61. (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 63. it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 64. (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)， mre s 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68. (cnstruct)＂ Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw 69. ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 70. (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
Clze 2（2020·新课标卷Ⅱ）
Derating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
Oranges: Orange trees are mre 64. decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
Bamb: Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. 66. (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 67. health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 68. (care) fr and make great presents.
Branches f Plum Blssms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 70. first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
Clze 3（2020·新课标卷Ш）
In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 62. (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld63. (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld nan laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River～perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
Filled with 64. (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. 65. he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved, 68. (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mther Nature.
lze 4（2020·山东卷）
Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big 37. until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 38. (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39. pened in 1759.
The parts f a museum pen t the public 40. (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin 41. (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in histry r 43. (walk)thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical 44. (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete 45. peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
Clze 5（2020·浙江卷）
Sme time after 10，000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 56. ，thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57. culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild，and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
Farming prduced mre fd per persn 58. hunting and gathering，s peple were able t raise mre children. And，as mre children were brn，mre fd 59. (need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60. (change)lives.
By abut 6000 BC，peple 61. (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later，they learned t wrk with the 62. (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then，with 64. rise f science，changes began. New methds 65. (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s，these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
2019年 高考真题
Clze 1（2019·新课标卷I）
The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been ___62___ (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000-25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
Mdem methds ___63___ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut ___65___ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ___66___ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
Clze 2（2019·新课标卷II）
A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have ___63___(final)been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名)her t be Cheshire's Wman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___64___(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said，“I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, ___67___ because I want t.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-wh wrks alngside her in the family business-said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said，“We dn't have any idea wh put grandma frward. When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___69___ jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It's ___70___ (wnder).”
Clze 3（2019·新课标卷III）
On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___61___ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dgs，seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and ___65___(recmmend)wnderful places t eat，shp，and visit. Fr breakfast，we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
When they were free frm wrk，they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ___66___(cmpete)t watch，tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many ___67___(traditin)stries abut Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
2018年 高考真题
Clze 1（2018·新课标卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
Clze 2（2018·新课标卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___（grw）mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ___67___ (glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide." says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
Clze 3（2018·新课标卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm nt sure _____61_____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the___63___(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____68____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
2017年 高考真题
Clze 1（2017·新课标卷I）
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity（医学界） 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 67 (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
Clze 2（2017·新课标卷 = 3 \* ROMAN III）
She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike schl friends,16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term ___61___ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6, 500 a day as ___62___ mdel in New Yrk.
Sarah ___63___ (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time But Sarah, ___64___ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants ___65___ (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her ___66___ (educate).
She has turned dwn several ___67___ (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree ___68___ engineering r architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl ___69___ (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is ___70___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre.＂
Clze 3（2017·浙江卷）
Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject. Yes, there beneath the leafy tp f ne tiny carrt was her lng-lst wedding ring.
Pahlssn screamed 58 ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. ＂She thught I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlssn.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring 61 (ck) a meal. When she wanted t put the ring back n later, it was gne. She suspected that ne f her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlssn and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing. ＂I gave up hpe f finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt 63 (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64 it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it. Fr Pahlssn, its return was 65 wnder.
语法填空之解题策略
语法填空题就设题类型而言主要分为有提示词类和无提示词类，这两种设题类型的解题方法不尽相同，下面分别就这两种类型的解题步骤进行详细介绍：
一、有提示词类
1. 提供动词：当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词或词类转化。
2. 词性转换类：词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化；形容词与名词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。
3. 有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定改变，主要考查与词根意义相反的派生词，此事，需根据句子意思及上下文的逻辑关系，加un-，im-等或在词根后加-less等。
二、无提示词类
首先，分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思及结构，确定具体填什么词。最后，根据上下文逻辑关系及语意确定具体用哪个词。解题时要注意以下规律：
1. 缺少主语或宾语，要填代词。
（1）如果在谓语动词前挖空，答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词主要考虑人称代词（he，she，they，it等）和关系代词（that，which，wh等）。
（2）如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词，要考虑人称代词宾格和在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词。
2. 名词、代词、动名词前挖空，可以考虑用限定词或介词。
（1）如果在名词前挖空，答案应首先考虑限定词。限定词包括冠词（a，an，the）、物主代词（my，her等）、关系词（whse等）、疑问代词（what，which等）、不定代词（n，sme，neither等）等。
（2）名词或代词前挖空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，该空很可能填介词。此时要特别注意空格处的词与空前的词构成的固定搭配。
3. 若两个或几个单词或短语之间或两个句子间没有连词，可能需要填连词，主要有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的r等。
4. 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般考虑填关系词或从属连词。
5. 若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（d，des，did等）。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词或情态动词（d，des，did，have，has，had，can，may等）。
6. 形容词或副词前设空，表示程度要考虑用hw，s，t等；名词前设空，如果是感叹句考虑用what等。
语法填空之必备知识
1. 词性转换
（1）名词→形容词
（2）形容词→副词
（3）动词 → 名词
（4）形容词 → 名词
（5）否定前缀
Clze 1
The first part f the underwater tunnel fr the Hng Kng-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was 1 (success) cmpleted n Oct 8, 2016. Knwn as "ne f the seven mdem wnders in the wrld, "it is the wrld's 2 (lng) bridge currently being cnstructed
3 (start)frm Lantau Island in Hng Kng. the Y-shaped bridge will have 4 ttal length f abut 55 kilmeters, including a 6.7-kilmeter underwater tunnel and a 23-kilmeter bridge ver the sea. Artificial islands will be built at bth ends ff the tunnel 5 (allw) fr the passage f large ships.
The bridge will serve 6 an imprtant channel linking Hng Kng, Macau, Zhuhai and the western part f the Pearl River Delta, 7 is ne f the mst ecnmically develped areas in the Chinese mainland.
8 (cnstruct) f the bridge started in 2009. 9 (it) ttal cst will cme t sme 10 billin RMB. It 10 (expect) t be cmpleted by the end f this year.
Clze 2
A Chinese businessman, Mr. Wang, treated 5,000 peple 1 a free bwl f ndles after he fund his lst $45,000 engagement(订婚)ring.
He was ging t ask his girlfriend 2 (marry) him last Sunday. Hwever, he lst the engagement ring in his bag at a ndle restaurant. But he was frtunate enugh 3 a custmer in the restaurant fund the bag and gave it t the manager. The manager fund Mr. Wang’s details in the bag and telephned him immediately by 4 (he). Mr. Wang was very surprised t recver his ring.
Mr. Wang wanted t say thank yu t the restaurant. On Tuesday, he bught 5,000 5 (custmer) each a bwl f spicy ndles. This is 6 average daily sales f the restaurant. There 7 (is) a lng queue fr the free ndles utside the restaurant. Mr. Wang tld reprters: "Chngqing has the wman I lve. I feel very 8 ( luck) and happy." He als put a thank-yu letter with a picture f his girlfriend 9 ( wear) the engagement ring utside the restaurant. A lcal man said: "I think the stry is 10 (extreme) mving. Lve is beautiful and peple’s hearts are mre beautiful."
Clze 3
The Silk Rad is in fact a relatively recent term. These ancient rads had n particular name until in the mid-nineteenth century, Barn Ferdinand vn Richthfen 1 (name) the trade and cmmunicatin netwrk the Silk Rad. Since then the term 2 (accept) glbally.
In the nineteenth century, a new type f travelers stepped nt the Silk Rad: archaelgists and gegraphers, enthusiastic explrers wh were eager 3 (lk) fr adventure. Researchers wh came frm many cuntries traveled thrugh the Taklamakan Desert, 4 is nw in Xinjiang, t explre ancient sites alng the Silk Rad, 5 (lead) t many discveries and studies, and mst f all, a renewed interest 6 the histry f these rutes.
Tday, many histric 7 (build) and mnuments still stand, marking the passage f the Silk Rad thrugh htels, prts and cities. What’s mre, the lng-standing legacy(遗产) f this remarkable netwrk is reflected in 8 large number f cultures, languages, custms and religins that have develped fr many years alng these rutes. The passage f merchants and travelers f many 9 (difference) natinalities resulted nt nly in cmmercial exchange, but in a widespread and cntinual prcess f cultural interactin. 10 (bvius), it has becme a driving frce in the frmatin(形成) f diverse scieties.
Clze 4
The Great Wall f China is mre than 6, 000 kilmetres lng. It winds 1.________ (it) way frm west t east, acrss deserts, ver muntains, thrugh valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a histry f ver twenty centuries. The first part f it 3.________(build) during the Spring and Autumn perid. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy ut f his empire, Emperr Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (jin) up. Thus, the Great Wall came int being. The Great Wall is wide enugh at 6.________ tp fr five hrses r ten men t walk side by side. Alng the wall are watchtwers, 7.________ sldiers used t keep watch. Fires were lit n the twers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.
It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult t build such a wall in the ancient days withut any mdern machines. All the wrk was dne 10.________ hand. Thusands f men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made nt nly f stne and earth, but f the flesh and bld f millins f men.
语法总结大反馈
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语法总结大反馈
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help
v. 帮忙
n. 帮忙
like
v. 喜欢
prep. 象
hand
v. 交给
n. 手
head
v. 前进
n. 头/首脑
frm
v. 形成
n. 表格
end
v. 结束
n. 终点
influence
v. 影响
n. 影响
smile
v. 微笑
n. 微笑
smell
v. 嗅到
n. 嗅觉/气味
study
v. 学习
n. 学习/书房
time
v. 计时
n. 时间/次数
train
v. 培训
n. 火车
match
v. 相配
n. 比赛/火柴
wrk
v. 工作/起作用
n. 工作
slw
adj. 慢的
v. 减速
bject
v. 反对
n. 物品
right
adj. 正确的
n. 权利
watch
v. 看
n. 手表
patient
adj. 耐心的
n. 病人
matter
v. 要紧
n. 事情
后缀
例词
-al
industry工业 → industrial 工业的 natin 国家 → natinal 国家的
-ern
east东方 → eastern 东方的 nrth北方 → nrthern 北方的
-ful/-less
meaning意义 → meaningful有意义的 care小心 → careful/careless 小心的；粗心的
-en
gld黄金 → glden金色的 wd木头 → wden木制的
-ic
reality现实 → realistic 现实的 histry 历史 → histric 历史的
-like
child孩子 → childlike 天真的 wman妇女 → wmanlike 女人似的
-an
Eurpe 欧洲 → Eurpean 欧洲的 America美国 → American 美国的
-able
reasn原因 → reasnable 合理的 value价值 → valuable 有价值的
-ish
child孩子 → childish孩子气的 self自己 → selfish 自私的
-y
anger生气 → angry生气的 health健康→ healthy健康的
-ary
revlutin革命 → revlutinary 革命的
-sme
truble麻烦 → trublesme 令人讨厌的
-ly
friend朋友 → friendly友好的 lve爱 → lvely 可爱的
一般情况
直接加-ly
bright → brightly 明亮地
clear → clearly 清楚地
crrect → crrectly正确地
以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾
变y为i，再加-ly
easy → easily 容易地
heavy → heavily 沉重地
happy → happily 高兴地
以le结尾的形容词
去e加-ly
simple → simply 仅仅；只；简单地
pssible → pssibly 可能
后缀
例词
-ance
allw → allwance 允许 appear → appearance外貌，出现
perfrm → perfrmance 演出 exist → existence 存在
-ence
refer → reference 参考 exist → existence 存在
-al
refer → refusal 拒绝 arrive → arrival 到达
prpse → prpsal 建议 survive → survival 幸存
-in/-atin
discuss → discussin讨论 express → expressin 词语；表达方式
instruct → instructin 指导，介绍 predict → predictin预言
-ment
achieve → achievement成就 cmmit → cmmitment
equip → equipment 装备，器材 manage → management经营管理
后缀
例词
-ness
happy高兴的 → happiness幸福 ill生病的 → illness 疾病
kind善良的 → kindness善良 weak弱的 → weakness弱点
-y/-ly
efficient有效率的 → efficiency 效率 urgent紧急的 → urgency 紧急
-ism
scial社会的 → scialism 社会主义
-th
warm温暖的 → warmth温暖 true真的 → truth真理
wide宽的 → width宽度
后缀
例词
dis-
agreeable（adj. 使人愉快的）→ disagreeable（adj. 不愉快的）
agreement（n. 同意）→ disagreement（n. 意见不同）
appear（vi. 出现）→ disappear（vi. 消失，不见）
curage（n. 勇气，精神）→ discurage（vt. 使气馁）
un-
happy（adj. 快乐的）→ unhappy（adj. 不幸的，不快乐的）
friendly（adj. 友好的）→ unfriendly（adj. 不友好的）
il-
legal（adj. 法律的，法定的）→ illegal（adj. 违法的）
lgical（adj. 合乎逻辑的）→ illgical（adj. 不合逻辑的）
literate（adj. 有文化的 n. 学者）→ illiterate（adj. 没受教育的 n. 文盲）
im-
pssible（adj. 可能的）→ impssible（adj. 不可能的）
mrtal（adj. 必死的，人类的）→ immrtal（adj. 不朽的）
mral（adj. 道德的）→ immral（adj. 不道德的）
ir
regular（adj. 规则的）→ irregular（adj. 不规则的）
ratinal（adj. 理性的）→ irratinal（adj. 无理性的）
resistible（adj. 可抵抗的）→ irresistible（adj. 不可抵抗的）
in-
crrect（adj. 正确的）→ incrrect（adj. 不正确的）
justice（n. 正义，公平）→ injustice（n. 不正义，不公平）
sincere（adj. 真诚的）→ insincere（adj. 虚假的，不真诚的）
专题14 语法填空
技巧1 勿＂惯性思维＂
1. Staying ________________ the ldest persn is finished is cnsidered t be a basic traditin f Krean table manners.
【错因分析】有些考生看到stay后面跟的是人，就会想到with，殊不知这里不是填介词而是连词。
【试题解析】句意：一直等到最年长的人用膳完毕被认为是韩国餐桌礼仪的一个传统。故填until。
【参考答案】until
2. July 1, 1997 saw the return f Hng Kng t China. The day ur Chinese peple had lked frward t ________________ (cme) at last.
【错因分析】有些考生看到＂lk frward t＂ 就马上想到固定搭配，后面用ding。其实这里的主语是That day，而ur Chinese peple had lked frward t＂是省略了关系代词的定语从句。
【试题解析】cme在主句中充当的是谓语，这里是说过去发生的事情要用一般过去时，故填came。
【参考答案】came
为了避免惯性思维的干扰，考生要认真理清词语的搭配和句子结构，判断出合乎逻辑的句意。下面再给几句容易让思维定势造成误区的句子供考生们学习：
The reasn ________________ he gave us at the meeting was nt acceptable.
（应填that/which，不要以为reasn后面就一定是填why；这里的先行词reasn在从句中作gave的宾语而不是状语）
I will never frget the time ________________ we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
（应填that/which，不要以为先行词是表示时间的，后面就一定是填when；这里的先行词time在从句中作spent的宾语而不是状语）
This is the factry ________________ we visited three years ag.
（应填that/which，不要以为先行词是一个地方，后面就一定是填where；这里的先行词factry在从句中作visited的宾语而不是状语）
3. He was very tired ________________ ding this fr a whle day, but he felt very happy since the crp did ＂grw＂higher.
【解析】有些考生一看到＂be tired＂就马上想到＂be tired f’＂这一短语，但这里不是＂厌倦＂的意思，而是表示＂在⋯⋯之后感到累，因做某事而累＂。
【答案】after / frm
4. I still remember the stry, ________________ believe it r nt we gt lst n a rainy night.
【解析】有些考生看到＂stry＂后面有逗号就填＂which＂，习惯性地认为是非限制性定语从句，其实这是一个同位语从句。
【答案】that
技巧2 勿＂藕断丝连＂
1. Is there anyne yu can think f ________________ may knw which hspital he was sent t?
【错因分析】考生可能会因为没看出来本句中的＂yu can think f’＂是插入语而误填答案。
【试题解析】句意：你能不能想到有谁可能知道他被送往哪一家医院了？句中的＂yu can think f’’是插入语，＂anyne＂后面跟的是定语从句，且定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用wh来引导。
【参考答案】wh
命题者有意在句子中使用插入语，给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。要解决这样的困扰，考生必须对英语中的插入语有一定的了解。
首先，插入语在英语中属于独立成分，是对一句话进行附加解释或说明。通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成，常位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。由于插入语与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整，所以遇到此类题目时，考生应先删掉插入语来理解句子成分。下面列出一些含有插入语的句子(主要是插入语位于句中的句子)供考生们理解，画线部分为插入语：
1. He made anther wnderful discvery, which I think is f great imprtance t science.
2. Wh d yu think will give us a talk this afternn?
3. An awful accident did, hwever, ccur the ther day.
4. If metal is heated and then cled very quickly, fr example, by dipping in water, it will be very hard but will break easily.
5. Sme are yung peple wh, fr ne reasn r anther, have left hme and have nwhere t live.
6. Therefre, ur tbacc seller, Mr. Jhnsn, always asks his custmers, if they are very yung, whm the cigarettes are bught fr.
7. A fast-fd restaurant is the place where, just as the name suggests, eating is perfrmed quickly.
2. And this is, when my taxi driver tld me, ________________ I nw call, ＂The Law f the Garbage Truck. ＂
【解析】本题中，＂when my taxi driver tld me＂是插入语，＂this is＂后面跟的是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，且表示＂什么＂，因此要用what。
【答案】what
3. We were driving in the fight lane ________________ all f a sudden, a black car jumped ut f a parking space right in frnt f us.
【解析】此处是＂be ding sth when...＂结构，表示＂正在做……这时……＂。
【答案】when
4. An American prfessr, Charles Zastrw, ffers an interesting answer, particularly ________________ the secnd questin.
【解析】＂an answer t the questin＂表示＂问题的答案＂，是固定搭配。
【答案】t
技巧3 勿＂同形异性＂
1. Stage schls ften act as agencies which supply children fr stage and televisin wrk. ________________ visit t such schls will leave yu in n dubt that the children enjy themselves.
【错因分析】考生可能会误以为空后的visit是动词，所以错填了代词，而实际上，visit在此用作名词，所以前面缺的应是冠词。
【试题解析】句意：戏剧学校经常充当了代理机构的角色，为孩子提供上台表演和上电视工作的机会。一次到这种学校的参观会毫无疑问地让你相信，那里的孩子是真心享受学校生活。表示＂一次＂要用不定冠词a。
【参考答案】A
2. Language learning research ________________ (shw) that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
【错因分析】有些考生会误以为题中的research是作动词，从而错填成了非谓语shwing，实际上这里research这里用作名词，空处在句中用作谓语。
【试题解析】句意：语言学习研究显示，成功的语言学习者们在很多方面都相似。主语Language learning research为第三人称单数形式，因此谓语也要用第三人称单数，故填shws。
【参考答案】shws
英语中有很多这种同形同义但异性(词性)的单词，或者是同形异性并异义的单词。考生在分析句子成分的时候要仔细，根据＂主语+谓语＂来确定主要成分，再结合句意确定这类单词的词性和意义。此外，平时要注意积累这类单词，下面列出一些常见的词汇：
3. Many peple care fr the questin: am I getting enugh vitamins, and am I getting the right kind? Even thugh very small amunts f each vitamin are enugh fr the needs f the bdy, ________________ wrry that peple have abut vitamins has sme reasns.
【解析】wrry在此用作名词，表示＂担心，担忧＂，在句子中作主语，这里表示＂这种担心＂，且为特指，所以空处要填定冠词the。
【答案】the
技巧4 重语境要联系
1. It was raining lightly when I （arrived） (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hurs , I’d been at hme in Hng Kng, with （its） (it) chking smg.
【错因分析】考生在做此题时容易忽视上下文的语境，单纯从空格所在的句子入手，去揣测答案。
【试题解析】分析题干不难看出，空后的的句子用的是过去完成时，而空格前用的是过去时，由此可以判断“at hme in Hng Kng”发生在“was raining”之前，因而得出答案，故填earlier。
【参考答案】earlier
常用的语篇连词和短语：first, secnd, what’s mre, in additin, apart frm this, last but nt the least, hwever, but, althugh, thugh, despite, because, as, since, nw that, therefre, thus, s, nt nly... but als..., as well as, in a wrd, in shrt, t sum up等。
2. He had a mate and she was dying n the grund. Sitting clse beside her, he pened and clsed _______wings as if t fan her.
【解析】做该题时，不少学生忽视了空格处与句子主语的关系，因而误填the，此处的主语为he，所以空格处要用his，表示＂他的＂。
【答案】his
【名师点睛】考生在做题时要注意句子的整体性，注意句子的前后联系，使用符合英语表达习惯的词来完成空格。如本题，代词的人称和数应与它替代的名词或代词保持一致，而the表示特指或指上文提到过的人或事。
技巧5 抓抽象具体化
1. Yes it wuld cme as _________surprise t a lt f peple t hear that Christmas was actually riginally meant t celebrate the birth f Jesus Christ.
【错因分析】有些抽象名词具体化后，表示一个具体的人或者事，前面必须用不定冠词。比如：pity, shame, pleasure, must, success等。
【试题解析】句意：在听到圣诞节实际上是为了庆祝耶稣的诞生时，很多人都会很惊讶。surprise在此用作名词，表示＂令人惊奇的事＂。
【参考答案】a
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下两类：
一、表示情感、情绪的词，强调具体的人或事时常将其具体化使用。常用的重点抽象名词可概括为如下11个字：惊、乐、幸、憾、傲、慰、险、助、成、败、美。
1. surprise吃惊、惊奇（不可数名词）
a surprise令人吃惊的人或事（可数名词）
in surprise惊奇地、吃惊地 t ne’s surprise令人吃惊的是
What a surprise t see yu here! 在这里见到你真是个意外的事。
2. pleasure愉快、高兴（不可数名词）
a pleasure一件乐事、一个乐趣（可数名词）
如：with pleasure高兴地、乐意地take pleasure in以……为乐、爱好
It’s a pleasure t wrk with him. 和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
3. hnr荣誉、信誉（不可数名词）
an hnr一种光荣的人或事（可数名词）
如：fr the hnr f the cuntry 为了国家的荣誉
It’s an hnr t speak here. 在这里发言是我的荣幸。
4. pity 遗憾
a pity 一件遗憾的事
It’s a pity that yu shuld fail t pass the exam. 你没通过考试真是件遗憾的事。
5. pride骄傲（不可数名词）
a pride令人骄傲的人或事（可数名词）
如：He takes pride in his sn. 他以儿子为骄傲。
He is a pride t his parents. 他是父母的一个骄傲。
6. cmfrt安危、舒适（不可数名词）
a cmfrt一个令人安慰的人或事（可数名词）
如：enjy cmfrt 享受舒适
Bks becme a cmfrt t him. 书籍成为他的一种安慰。
She tried t make her children live in cmfrt, which is a great cmfrt t her. 她尽力让她的孩子生活舒适，这对她来说是一种安慰。
7. danger危险（不可数名词）
a danger可能引起危险的人或物（可数名词）
如：In war, a sldier’s life is full f danger. 战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。
The man is a danger t sciety. 那是个对社会危险的人物。
8. success成功（不可数名词）
a success一个成功的人或事（可数名词）
如：be sure f success确信成功
He is a great success as a scientist. 作为科学家，他是个伟大的成功者。
9. failure失败（不可数名词）
a failure/failures 失败的人或事（可数名词）
如：Failure is the mther f success. 失败是成功之母。
He had had six failures and wuld have a seventh try. 他已经历六次失败，并将再次努力。
10. help 帮助
a help帮手，起帮助作用的物
It’s a great help t me. 这对我来说帮助很大。
11. beauty美、美丽（不可数名词）
a beauty美人、美丽的东西（可数名词）
如：the beauty f nature大自然的美
He regarded his wife as a beauty. 他把妻子视为美人。
二、表行为的抽象名词，强调其具体表现形式时，常以a/an加抽象名词，或a/an+形容词+抽象名词。常用短语、句型如下：
have a wnderful supper have a strng characterhave a bright future
have a gd time have a ppulatin f have a gd knwledge/understanding f
have an incme f receive a gd educatin receive a warm welcme
cver an area freach a height f It’s a waste f time/mney.
It’s a great help t me. It’s a pity that...
三、表示具体动作意义的抽象名词，加a/an与某些动词（have, take, make, give）等词连用时，表示某一次短暂的动作。
have a swim/rest/lk/trip/discussin/smke/wash/sleep
take a walk/bath give/take a try
make an advance/an early start/an aplgy
take/have a great interest
g ut fr a walk
四、接同源宾语的短语，通常名词表示具体化意义。
die a heric deathlive/lead a happy/simple/hard/pr/bitter lifedream a strange dream
2. My parents apprached the site, which was still wet frm ___________ heavy rain.
【解析】在这道题中，很多考生会误填the，认为rain是物质名词，前面不用冠词，即使使用冠词也应用the，但这里rain前有形容词heavy修饰，因此rain就具体化了，表示＂一场大雨＂要用不定冠词a。
【答案】a
【名师点睛】
类似于rain的用法的名词被称为物质名词，它们一般都是不可数名词，但是一旦在它们前面加上了形容词，就成了物质名词具体化。此处表示＂一场大雨＂，因此应用不定冠词 a .类似的名词还有：dinner泛指＂饭＂， a gd dinner指＂一顿美餐＂；fire泛指＂火＂，a big fire指＂一场大火＂等。
技巧6 用冠词需谨慎
1. On the ther hand, as is knwn t all, ______ hnest man wins the respect f thers.
【错因分析】有些考生会认为hnest是以辅音字母h开头，而误认为要用不定冠词a。实际上，判断是用a还是用an 的关键是看单词发音而不是看首字母。
【试题解析】句意：另一方面，众所周知，诚实的人会赢得别人的尊重。这里是泛指一个诚实的人，因此要用不定冠词，又因hnest是以元音音素开头，因此要用an。
【参考答案】an
2. There was ______big bright mn hanging in the sky, giving ff a magic glw.
【错因分析】有些考生一看见mn，就认为这里是要用定冠词the，而忽略了其前有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词。
【试题解析】表示独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，需要用不定冠词a或者an，此处mn前有修饰语big bright，因此应用a。
【参考答案】a
3. Anyne wh achieves success in this field can be ____________ success.
【解析】句意：任何一个在这一领域取得成功的人都是成功人士。success在此表示＂一个成功的人“，因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a
4. We can never expect ____________ bluer sky unless we create ____________ less plluted wrld.
【解析】句意：如果我们不创造一个污染较少的世界，就永远不要期待一片更蓝的天空。sky前有形容词比较级bluer修饰，因此其前要用不定冠词。
【答案】a；a
5. ____________ Shanghai f tmrrw is sure t create new splendr and spring up as anther center f internatinal ecnmy.
【解析】表示人名或者地名的专有名词前一般不用冠词，但是如果表示＂……的人＂或者具有某种特点的地点，前面可以根据具体情况用不定冠词或者定冠词，这里指的是明天的上海，为特指，因此要用定冠词the。
【答案】The
2020年 高考真题
Clze 1（2020·新课标卷I）
China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang’e-4 prbe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess 61. (tuch) dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn’s far side is 62. (extreme) challenging. Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 63. it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 64. (interesting) t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters (环形山)， mre s 65. the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66. (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 68. (cnstruct)＂ Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw 69. ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 70. (it) plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
Clze 2（2020·新课标卷Ⅱ）
Derating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61. (celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earth 63. (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
Oranges: Orange trees are mre 64. decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65. (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
Bamb: Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. 66. (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 67. health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 68. (care) fr and make great presents.
Branches f Plum Blssms (梅花): The 69. (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 70. first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
Clze 3（2020·新课标卷Ш）
In ancient China lived an artist61. paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 62. (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld63. (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr’s chief minister, the ld nan laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River～perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
Filled with 64. (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. 65. he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66. (pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67. (find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved, 68. (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69. (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 70. earth, Mther Nature.
lze 4（2020·山东卷）
Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 36. (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big 37. until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 38. (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 39. pened in 1759.
The parts f a museum pen t the public 40. (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin 41. (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 42. (they) living at a different time in histry r 43. (walk)thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical 44. (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete 45. peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
Clze 5（2020·浙江卷）
Sme time after 10，000 BC，peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 56. ，thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years，they began t depend less n 57. culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild，and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
Farming prduced mre fd per persn 58. hunting and gathering，s peple were able t raise mre children. And，as mre children were brn，mre fd 59. (need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60. (change)lives.
By abut 6000 BC，peple 61. (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later，they learned t wrk with the 62. (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63. (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then，with 64. rise f science，changes began. New methds 65. (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s，these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
2019年 高考真题
Clze 1（2019·新课标卷I）
The plar bear is fund in the Arctic Circle and sme big land masses as far suth as Newfundland. While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult t figure ut a glbal ppulatin f plar bears as much f the range has been ___62___ (pr) studied; hwever, bilgists calculate that there are abut 20,000-25,000 plar bears wrldwide.
Mdem methds ___63___ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area. In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunayut ___65___ (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements, leading t a ___66___ (believe) that ppulatins are increasing. Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements, leading t the illusin(错觉) that ppulatins are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
Clze 2（2019·新课标卷II）
A 90-year-ld has been awarded “Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week. Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les. Her years f hard wrk have ___63___(final)been acknwledged after a custmer nminated(提名)her t be Cheshire's Wman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___64___(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business. Irene said，“I dn't see any reasn t give up wrk. I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) ver the years. I wrk nt because I have t, ___67___ because I want t.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-wh wrks alngside her in the family business-said it remained unknwn as t wh nminated Irene fr the award. She said，“We dn't have any idea wh put grandma frward. When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___69___ jke. But then we gt an fficial letter and we were blwn away. We are s prud f her. It's ___70___ (wnder).”
Clze 3（2019·新课标卷III）
On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___61___ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle f Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dgs，seven t be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals. Our hsts shared many f their experiences and ___65___(recmmend)wnderful places t eat，shp，and visit. Fr breakfast，we were able t eat papaya(木瓜)and ther fruits frm their trees in the backyard.
When they were free frm wrk，they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ___66___(cmpete)t watch，tgether with the stry behind it. They als shared with us many ___67___(traditin)stries abut Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)ppular with turists. On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we ___69___(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
2018年 高考真题
Clze 1（2018·新课标卷I）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 61 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 64 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise … it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 68 (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 70 a try.
Clze 2（2018·新课标卷II）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and s t has its tp crp. Since 2011,the cuntry ___61___（grw）mre crn than rice. Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
A taste fr meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality. Crn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pllute) in the cuntry's majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal ___67___ (glbe)fertilizer cnsumptin. The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment ___68___ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns. That prevented the emissin(排放) f 51.8 millin tns f carbn dixide. China's apprach t prtecting its envirnment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide." says the bank's Juergen Vegele.
Clze 3（2018·新课标卷III）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm nt sure _____61_____ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears ut f nwhere. I'm walking n a path in the frest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at ____62____ tp f her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pund male appears. He screams the___63___(lud)f all. The nise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges tward me. I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayr. I'm a ___66___(science)wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving. N ne had seen them fr hurs, and my clleagues and I were wrried.
When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ____68____(they) alive. True t a grilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me n real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king f this frest, and here is yur reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allwed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
2017年 高考真题
Clze 1（2017·新课标卷I）
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity（医学界） 61 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 62 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 63 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 64 (remve) frm fd, the fd tastes as if is missing smething. As 65 result, peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 66 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 67 (be) full f fat and salt; by 68 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃点心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 69 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 70 is nt gd fr the health.
Clze 2（2017·新课标卷 = 3 \* ROMAN III）
She lks like any ther schlgirl, fresh-faced and full f life. Sarah Thmas is lking frward t challenge f her new A-level curse. But unlike schl friends,16-year-ld Sarah is nt spending half-term ___61___ (rest). Instead, she is earning $6, 500 a day as ___62___ mdel in New Yrk.
Sarah ___63___ (tell) that she culd be Britain’s new supermdel earning a millin dllars in the new year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her t give up schl t mdel full-time But Sarah, ___64___ has taken part in shws alng with tp mdels, wants ___65___ (prve) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined t carry n with her ___66___ (educate).
She has turned dwn several ___67___ (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. After schl she plans t take a year ff t mdel full-time befre ging t university t get a degree ___68___ engineering r architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I shuld take the ffer nw. But at the mment, schl ___69___ (cme) first. I dn’t want t get t absrbed in mdeling. It is ___70___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dn’t want t have nthing else t fall back n when I can’t mdel any mre.＂
Clze 3（2017·浙江卷）
Last Octber, while tending her garden in Mra, Sweden, Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small 56 (carrt) and was abut t thrw them away. But smething made her lk clser, and she nticed a 57 (shine) bject. Yes, there beneath the leafy tp f ne tiny carrt was her lng-lst wedding ring.
Pahlssn screamed 58 ludly that her daughter came running frm the huse. ＂She thught I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlssn.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlssn had remved the diamnd ring 61 (ck) a meal. When she wanted t put the ring back n later, it was gne. She suspected that ne f her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six — had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlssn and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every crner, but turned up nthing. ＂I gave up hpe f finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlssn and her husband nw think the ring prbably gt 63 (sweep) int a pile f kitchen rubbish and was spread ver the garden, 64 it remained until the carrt’s leafy tp accidentally spruted (生长) thrugh it. Fr Pahlssn, its return was 65 wnder.
语法填空之解题策略
语法填空题就设题类型而言主要分为有提示词类和无提示词类，这两种设题类型的解题方法不尽相同，下面分别就这两种类型的解题步骤进行详细介绍：
一、有提示词类
1. 提供动词：当设空处提供动词原形，设空处一般考查动词的时态、语态，非谓语动词或词类转化。
2. 词性转换类：词性转换多以派生词变化为主，如：形容词与副词间的相互转化；形容词与名词间的相互转化；形容词与动词间的相互转化；动词与名词间的相互转化等。
3. 有个别空可能是词义转换题，词性不一定改变，主要考查与词根意义相反的派生词，此事，需根据句子意思及上下文的逻辑关系，加un-，im-等或在词根后加-less等。
二、无提示词类
首先，分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思及结构，确定具体填什么词。最后，根据上下文逻辑关系及语意确定具体用哪个词。解题时要注意以下规律：
1. 缺少主语或宾语，要填代词。
（1）如果在谓语动词前挖空，答案应首先考虑代词。所填代词主要考虑人称代词（he，she，they，it等）和关系代词（that，which，wh等）。
（2）如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词，要考虑人称代词宾格和在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词。
2. 名词、代词、动名词前挖空，可以考虑用限定词或介词。
（1）如果在名词前挖空，答案应首先考虑限定词。限定词包括冠词（a，an，the）、物主代词（my，her等）、关系词（whse等）、疑问代词（what，which等）、不定代词（n，sme，neither等）等。
（2）名词或代词前挖空，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，该空很可能填介词。此时要特别注意空格处的词与空前的词构成的固定搭配。
3. 若两个或几个单词或短语之间或两个句子间没有连词，可能需要填连词，主要有表示并列关系的and和表示选择关系的r等。
4. 若两句之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一般考虑填关系词或从属连词。
5. 若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，且与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（d，des，did等）。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词或情态动词（d，des，did，have，has，had，can，may等）。
6. 形容词或副词前设空，表示程度要考虑用hw，s，t等；名词前设空，如果是感叹句考虑用what等。
语法填空之必备知识
1. 词性转换
（1）名词→形容词
（2）形容词→副词
（3）动词 → 名词
（4）形容词 → 名词
（5）否定前缀
Clze 1
The first part f the underwater tunnel fr the Hng Kng-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge was 1 (success) cmpleted n Oct 8, 2016. Knwn as "ne f the seven mdem wnders in the wrld, "it is the wrld's 2 (lng) bridge currently being cnstructed
3 (start)frm Lantau Island in Hng Kng. the Y-shaped bridge will have 4 ttal length f abut 55 kilmeters, including a 6.7-kilmeter underwater tunnel and a 23-kilmeter bridge ver the sea. Artificial islands will be built at bth ends ff the tunnel 5 (allw) fr the passage f large ships.
The bridge will serve 6 an imprtant channel linking Hng Kng, Macau, Zhuhai and the western part f the Pearl River Delta, 7 is ne f the mst ecnmically develped areas in the Chinese mainland.
8 (cnstruct) f the bridge started in 2009. 9 (it) ttal cst will cme t sme 10 billin RMB. It 10 (expect) t be cmpleted by the end f this year.
Clze 2
A Chinese businessman, Mr. Wang, treated 5,000 peple 1 a free bwl f ndles after he fund his lst $45,000 engagement(订婚)ring.
He was ging t ask his girlfriend 2 (marry) him last Sunday. Hwever, he lst the engagement ring in his bag at a ndle restaurant. But he was frtunate enugh 3 a custmer in the restaurant fund the bag and gave it t the manager. The manager fund Mr. Wang’s details in the bag and telephned him immediately by 4 (he). Mr. Wang was very surprised t recver his ring.
Mr. Wang wanted t say thank yu t the restaurant. On Tuesday, he bught 5,000 5 (custmer) each a bwl f spicy ndles. This is 6 average daily sales f the restaurant. There 7 (is) a lng queue fr the free ndles utside the restaurant. Mr. Wang tld reprters: "Chngqing has the wman I lve. I feel very 8 ( luck) and happy." He als put a thank-yu letter with a picture f his girlfriend 9 ( wear) the engagement ring utside the restaurant. A lcal man said: "I think the stry is 10 (extreme) mving. Lve is beautiful and peple’s hearts are mre beautiful."
Clze 3
The Silk Rad is in fact a relatively recent term. These ancient rads had n particular name until in the mid-nineteenth century, Barn Ferdinand vn Richthfen 1 (name) the trade and cmmunicatin netwrk the Silk Rad. Since then the term 2 (accept) glbally.
In the nineteenth century, a new type f travelers stepped nt the Silk Rad: archaelgists and gegraphers, enthusiastic explrers wh were eager 3 (lk) fr adventure. Researchers wh came frm many cuntries traveled thrugh the Taklamakan Desert, 4 is nw in Xinjiang, t explre ancient sites alng the Silk Rad, 5 (lead) t many discveries and studies, and mst f all, a renewed interest 6 the histry f these rutes.
Tday, many histric 7 (build) and mnuments still stand, marking the passage f the Silk Rad thrugh htels, prts and cities. What’s mre, the lng-standing legacy(遗产) f this remarkable netwrk is reflected in 8 large number f cultures, languages, custms and religins that have develped fr many years alng these rutes. The passage f merchants and travelers f many 9 (difference) natinalities resulted nt nly in cmmercial exchange, but in a widespread and cntinual prcess f cultural interactin. 10 (bvius), it has becme a driving frce in the frmatin(形成) f diverse scieties.
Clze 4
The Great Wall f China is mre than 6, 000 kilmetres lng. It winds 1.________ (it) way frm west t east, acrss deserts, ver muntains, thrugh valleys 2.________ at last it reaches the sea. The Great Wall has a histry f ver twenty centuries. The first part f it 3.________(build) during the Spring and Autumn perid. During the Qin Dynasty, 4.________ (keep) the enemy ut f his empire, Emperr Qin Shi Huang had all the walls 5.________ (jin) up. Thus, the Great Wall came int being. The Great Wall is wide enugh at 6.________ tp fr five hrses r ten men t walk side by side. Alng the wall are watchtwers, 7.________ sldiers used t keep watch. Fires were lit n the twers as a 8.________ (warn) when the enemy came.
It was 9.________ (extreme) difficult t build such a wall in the ancient days withut any mdern machines. All the wrk was dne 10.________ hand. Thusands f men died and were buried under the wall they built. The Great Wall was made nt nly f stne and earth, but f the flesh and bld f millins f men.
语法总结大反馈
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语法总结大反馈
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help
v. 帮忙
n. 帮忙
like
v. 喜欢
prep. 象
hand
v. 交给
n. 手
head
v. 前进
n. 头/首脑
frm
v. 形成
n. 表格
end
v. 结束
n. 终点
influence
v. 影响
n. 影响
smile
v. 微笑
n. 微笑
smell
v. 嗅到
n. 嗅觉/气味
study
v. 学习
n. 学习/书房
time
v. 计时
n. 时间/次数
train
v. 培训
n. 火车
match
v. 相配
n. 比赛/火柴
wrk
v. 工作/起作用
n. 工作
slw
adj. 慢的
v. 减速
bject
v. 反对
n. 物品
right
adj. 正确的
n. 权利
watch
v. 看
n. 手表
patient
adj. 耐心的
n. 病人
matter
v. 要紧
n. 事情
后缀
例词
-al
industry工业 → industrial 工业的 natin 国家 → natinal 国家的
-ern
east东方 → eastern 东方的 nrth北方 → nrthern 北方的
-ful/-less
meaning意义 → meaningful有意义的 care小心 → careful/careless 小心的；粗心的
-en
gld黄金 → glden金色的 wd木头 → wden木制的
-ic
reality现实 → realistic 现实的 histry 历史 → histric 历史的
-like
child孩子 → childlike 天真的 wman妇女 → wmanlike 女人似的
-an
Eurpe 欧洲 → Eurpean 欧洲的 America美国 → American 美国的
-able
reasn原因 → reasnable 合理的 value价值 → valuable 有价值的
-ish
child孩子 → childish孩子气的 self自己 → selfish 自私的
-y
anger生气 → angry生气的 health健康→ healthy健康的
-ary
revlutin革命 → revlutinary 革命的
-sme
truble麻烦 → trublesme 令人讨厌的
-ly
friend朋友 → friendly友好的 lve爱 → lvely 可爱的
一般情况
直接加-ly
bright → brightly 明亮地
clear → clearly 清楚地
crrect → crrectly正确地
以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾
变y为i，再加-ly
easy → easily 容易地
heavy → heavily 沉重地
happy → happily 高兴地
以le结尾的形容词
去e加-ly
simple → simply 仅仅；只；简单地
pssible → pssibly 可能
后缀
例词
-ance
allw → allwance 允许 appear → appearance外貌，出现
perfrm → perfrmance 演出 exist → existence 存在
-ence
refer → reference 参考 exist → existence 存在
-al
refer → refusal 拒绝 arrive → arrival 到达
prpse → prpsal 建议 survive → survival 幸存
-in/-atin
discuss → discussin讨论 express → expressin 词语；表达方式
instruct → instructin 指导，介绍 predict → predictin预言
-ment
achieve → achievement成就 cmmit → cmmitment
equip → equipment 装备，器材 manage → management经营管理
后缀
例词
-ness
happy高兴的 → happiness幸福 ill生病的 → illness 疾病
kind善良的 → kindness善良 weak弱的 → weakness弱点
-y/-ly
efficient有效率的 → efficiency 效率 urgent紧急的 → urgency 紧急
-ism
scial社会的 → scialism 社会主义
-th
warm温暖的 → warmth温暖 true真的 → truth真理
wide宽的 → width宽度
后缀
例词
dis-
agreeable（adj. 使人愉快的）→ disagreeable（adj. 不愉快的）
agreement（n. 同意）→ disagreement（n. 意见不同）
appear（vi. 出现）→ disappear（vi. 消失，不见）
curage（n. 勇气，精神）→ discurage（vt. 使气馁）
un-
happy（adj. 快乐的）→ unhappy（adj. 不幸的，不快乐的）
friendly（adj. 友好的）→ unfriendly（adj. 不友好的）
il-
legal（adj. 法律的，法定的）→ illegal（adj. 违法的）
lgical（adj. 合乎逻辑的）→ illgical（adj. 不合逻辑的）
literate（adj. 有文化的 n. 学者）→ illiterate（adj. 没受教育的 n. 文盲）
im-
pssible（adj. 可能的）→ impssible（adj. 不可能的）
mrtal（adj. 必死的，人类的）→ immrtal（adj. 不朽的）
mral（adj. 道德的）→ immral（adj. 不道德的）
ir
regular（adj. 规则的）→ irregular（adj. 不规则的）
ratinal（adj. 理性的）→ irratinal（adj. 无理性的）
resistible（adj. 可抵抗的）→ irresistible（adj. 不可抵抗的）
in-
crrect（adj. 正确的）→ incrrect（adj. 不正确的）
justice（n. 正义，公平）→ injustice（n. 不正义，不公平）
sincere（adj. 真诚的）→ insincere（adj. 虚假的，不真诚的）
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