【备战2023高考】英语全复习——第13讲《阅读理解主旨大意题》练习（全国通用）

第13讲 阅读理解主旨大意题 （练）

A

A new product from Google may help people solve their sleep problems, but some privacy rights groups are concerned.

Google showed off its newest Nest Hub home assistant device on Tuesday. In addition to recognizing your voice, showing pictures, videos, news and weather, it can also track your sleep. The basic model costs about $100 and the sleep-tracking technology will be available for free for the rest of 2021. The sleep tracker makes Google’s product different from a similar home assistant from Amazon. If you put the Nest Hub beside your bed, it can follow how you sleep. That is because of a new computer chip called Soli, which can sense motion. Some people may like the new technology because they would not have to wear another device to bed. Some companies make products people can wear on their wrist to track their sleep.

Google says the new Nest Hub will create reports each week that show how long and how well a person sleeps. It will also show if they snore, cough or wake up often. The company said it studied 15,000 people over the course of 110,000 nights to develop the technology.

For people who want to know more about their sleep, the device sounds like a good idea. But, people who pay attention to privacy are worried what Google might do with the information it is gathering. Jeff Chester is one of those people. He is the director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “Google’s goal is to monetize every cell of your body,” he said.

Google recently bought FitBit, a company that makes a health tracker people can wear on their wrist. Some technology experts think Google may find a way for the Nest Hub to work with the FitBit.

Google says the sleep tracker has a lot of privacy protections. For example, it will only work if the user turns it on. The company said it will not use a person’s sleep information to try to sell advertising. But Chester said he is not so sure that promise will be kept.

1．Which is true about the Google’s new Nest Hub?

A．It’s the first device to track people’s sleep.

B．It has some functions as a home assistant.

C．It can be available for free for the rest of 2021.

D．It is the same as a health tracker produced by FitBit.

2．Why are some people concerned about the Google’s new product?

A．Because private information may be let out.

B．Because the sleeping problems can’t be solved.

C．Because sleep may be interrupted.

D．Because sleeping reports may be created each week.

3．What does the underlined word mean?

A．Make money on. B．Keep track of. C．Take care of. D．Give away.

4．What’s the best title of the text?

A．Google’s New Soli

B．Google’s sleep problem solver

C．Google’s Newest Nest Hub

D．A Sleep Tracker

B

Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!

GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community. The “Global Day of Giving” was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.

Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities, and things have only improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years, many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni for donations. In 2019, the University of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts totaling over $4 million, while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 to benefit over 85 University programs.

Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a service project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.

What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on GivingTuesday? Let us know by adding your comments below!

5．Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in Paragraph 1?

A．To make a comparison. B．To lead to the topic.

C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To express his doubt.

6．What’s the aim of GivingTuesday?

A．To promote the development of economy. B．To attract people to buy more holiday gifts.

C．To call on more universities to donate money. D．To encourage people to help those in need.

7．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Selfless. B．General. C．Specific. D．Complex.

8．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．Where people can offer their kind help. B．What people can do on GivingTuesday.

C．How people can stay safe during COVID-19. D．Why people need to support the great cause.

C

In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it took almost three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession. But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.

Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well while so many other Americans suffer? People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the economy.

But some billionaires are also benefiting from economic and technological trends that were accelerated by the pandemic. Among these are the owners and investors of retail giants like Amazon, Walmart, Target, Dollar Tree and Dollar General, which have reported huge profits this year while many of their smaller competitors were defeated completely as the coronavirus spread.

Then there are companies that have bet on the rapid digitization of everything Eric Yuan, the chief executive of Zoom, became a billionaire in 2019. Now he is worth almost $20 billion. Dan Gilbert, the chairman of Quicken Loans, was worth less than $7 billion in March, now he commands more than $43 billion. But there is a great deal of stratification (层化) even among billionaires—richer billionaires got even richer in 2020 than the poorer ones did. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s funder, was worth about $113 billion at the start of the pandemic. Now he is worth $182 billion. Two years ago, Bezos was the only “centibillionaire” on earth—the trendy neologism (a new word) for people whose wealth exceeds (超过) ￥100 billion.

9．What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?

A．Food banks are not enough in the United States.

B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.

C．The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.

D．400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.

10．What is “part of the reasons” that is implied in Paragraph 2?

A．The American inequality.

B．The recovery of stock market.

C．The effect of the pandemic.

D．The food shortage across the country.

11．What is one of the changes during the pandemic?

A．The decline of digital games.

B．More money lent to people by banks.

C．The trend of technology acceleration.

D．High profit earned by smaller companies.

12．Why does the author refer to “centibillionaire” as a “neologism”?

A．It is a new title in the stock market after the recession.

B．It is a new way of solution to poverty through the world.

C．It is a newly established company during the pandemic.

D．It is a new term for people whose wealth exceeds $100 billion.

D

Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.

The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010. Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.

Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email.

In June 2017, Morgan’s Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgan’s Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs.

“Morgan taught me that there’s more to life in many ways than what I saw before,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.”

13．What is the passage mainly about?

A．The new addition to Morgan’s Wonderland.

B．The establishment and features of a special theme park.

C．The advanced technological devices in Morgan’s Wonderland

D．The needs of people who suffer from physical and mental disabilities.

14．What does “ultra-accessible” in the second paragraph imply?

A．It’s easy for all visitors to use the facilities.

B．Admission is free for people young and old.

C．Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction.

D．Morgan’s Wonderland is situated in a convenient location.

15．What does the park provide to prevent personal wheelchairs from being damaged?

A．Safe Boats. B．Water-resistant cloth. C．GPS bands. D．Special chairs.

16．Which of the following statements is true about Morgan’s Wonderland?

A．Waterproof chairs enable visitors to wonder all over the park.

B．Morgan’s Inspiration Island includes 25 acres of attractions.

C．The success of the park is exactly what Morgan intended to achieve.

D．GPS bands allow visitors to enjoy the convenience of the electronic devices.

E

Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed a heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. "Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere," she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on," Khan says, “I always read to him."

In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature" that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial.

Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalizations of his famous parents, George H. W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me," he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography." Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son."

To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.

17．What did reading offer to Linda and her father?

A．A way to establish a bond. B．A way to travel together in reality.

C．A way to treat the disease. D．A way to engage in learning.

18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．Improvements in mental health. B．Benefits of reading to others.

C．Changes in cognitive process. D．Development of social skills.

19．What does Neil Bush's experience prove?

A．Reading benefits more than the listener

B．Parents should red more to their kids.

C．Children should show their gratitude.

D．Reding to parents is children's duty

20．How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult?

A．Improper and odd. B．Abnormal but worthy.

C．Rewarding and joyful. D．Interesting but unnecessary.

F

Smartphones, tablets and other digital devices can be addictive. They affect sleep. They draw kids into an alternate universe, often distracting（使分心）them from more productive-and healthier-real-world activities. And they are often linked to anxiety and depression, learning disabilities and obesity（肥胖）. Yet for many teenagers, cellphones and social media are also absolutely necessary tools for planning their social lives, keeping up with schoolwork and staying in touch with out-of-town friends and relatives.

How can parents make the most of the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects？

The key is helping kids use technology as a tool, not a toy, “where there’s some purpose other than the medication of boredom,” says Jim Taylor, a psychologist and author of the book Raising Generation Tech：Preparing Your Children for a Media-fueled World. Taylor, like many other medical and mental health professionals, advises parents to set limits and stick to them. They should restrict the amount of time their kids spend on devices, create tech-free zones-no cellphones in their bedrooms, for example-and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants and on family outings.

Perhaps the best thing you can do is serve as a good role model by exhibiting the same online behavior you expect of your children, says Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford University psychiatrist. “If parents are breaking their own rules,” Aboujaoude says, “kids cannot be expected to behave differently.”

Chad Landgraf, 44, of Oklahoma, told me he was worried about how addicted his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter became when they were on their devices. So, hoping to set an example, he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print. “When I had my Kindle or ipad open, they. didn’t know if I was reading or surfing the net,” Landgraf says. “But at least if I have a paper copy of a book, they know I am reading. Modeling seems like the easiest way.”

21．What may be the result of children’s using digital devices?

A．Health improvement. B．Free creation.

C．Sleep disorder. D．Good conduct

22．What does Jim Taylor suggest parents doing?

A．Killing time by using screen-based technology.

B．Forbidding kids using smartphones.

C．Setting clear boundaries for kids.

D．Restricting tech-free family time.

23．Why did Chad pick up old-fashioned print?

A．He was afraid of becoming addicted. B．He expected to be a role model.

C．He was tired of surfing the net. D．He preferred paper copies of books.

24．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Parenting in a digital world B．Learning to be intelligent parents

C．Using smart devices wisely D．Helping children behave themselves