Unit 4 Body Language 泛读·技能初养成

阅读Reading for writing中的材料，选择最佳答案1．How does the writer know what is going on in the students' minds?A．By asking them questions.B．By having one­on­one conversations.C．By watching their body language.D．By learning about their habits.2．How did the students feel when they lean forward and look at the writer?A．Confused.　　　　　　 B．Interested.C．Surprised.   D．Bored.3．What do students usually do when they are worried?A．Have their arms crossed.B．Have their legs closed.C．Wear a frown.D．Brush their hair.[答案]　1－3　CBCWords And Phrases　assessment n. 评价；评定(教材P40)We make assessments and inferences from body language.我们从肢体语言进行评估和推断。[例1]　What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？[例2]　There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.几乎没对自然环境破坏程度作出评估。[翻译]　这是对失败原因的分析评估。This was an assessment of the reasons for the failure.[知识拓展]assess vt.　　　　 评估；评定assess sth.at   评估某物(多少钱)be assessed as...   被评定为……assess＋从句   评定；估定[即学即练]——单句语法填空①After the flood, they assessed the loss at 10 million yuan.②Many of the adults were assessed (assess) as having learning difficulties.③The government will make a strict assessment (assess) of the food safety.[小片段填空]We have also found that a team doing its own self assessment, rather than being assessed by those outside the team, is highly effective.我们还发现进行自我评估的，而不是接受团队外的人评估的团队是十分高效的。　in other words换句话说；也就是说(教材P43)In other words...换句话说……[例1]　In other words, she must give up singing.换言之, 她必须放弃唱歌。[例2]　In other words, the ice begins to melt.　换句话说, 冰开始融化了。[翻译]　换句话说, 他成了一位伟大的英雄。He became, in other words, a great hero.[知识拓展]in a/one word　　　　　 总而言之have a word with sb.   与某人说(私)话have words with sb.   与某人吵架keep/break one's word   遵守诺言/失信beyond words   无法用言语表达in words   用语言word came that...   有消息说……[即学即练]——完成句子①总之，成功很重要，失败也很重要，因为它是成功之母。In a/one word, success is important, and so is failure, because it's the mother of success.②有消息说中国女足在世界杯比赛中获得第二名。Word came that the Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in World Cup.③我无法用言语来表达我的情感。I can't convey my feelings in words．[小片段填空]He is such a man that he can't always keep his word, in other words, he always breaks his word, because of which his friends often have words with him.他是这样的一个人，总是不能遵守诺言。换句话说，他总是食言，正是因为如此，他的朋友们经常和他吵架。[名师点津](1)与in other words意思相同的表达有：namely, that is, that is to say, in another word。(2)word表示言辞、语言时通常用复数words；表示新闻、消息时是不可数名词。　occupy vt.占据；占用(教材P44)With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.双手托着下巴，他们专心于盯着窗外或天花板。[例1]　Mr.White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education.怀特先生在教育部里担任要职。 [例2]　He occupied himself in collecting stamps.他忙于集邮。[翻译]　她一有空就在花园里。The garden occupies her spare time．[知识拓展](1)be occupied in doing sth./with sth.忙于做某事occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.   忙于某事；专心于某事keep sb.occupied   使某人忙碌(2)occupation n.   占用；职业[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Occupied with his homework, he can't go out to play football.②She needs things to keep her occupied(occupy) so she doesn't get into trouble.③我进来时，那个男孩正忙着做作业。When I came in, the boy was occupied (in) doing his homework.＝When I came in, the boy was occupied with his homework.[小片段填空]When the enemy occupied the city, the scientist was occupying himself in doing his research.In fact, he had been occupied with the research for many days.当敌人占领这座城市时，这位科学家正忙于做他的研究。事实上，他专心于这项研究已经有好几天了。　distinguish vi.& vt.区分；区别；辨别(教材P44)While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。[例1]　We can distinguish between gold and silver.我们能区分金和银。[例2]　He distinguished himself in physics.他在物理方面享有盛名。[翻译]　这种成年鸟很容易根据橘黄色的喙识别出来。The adult bird can be easily distinguished by its orange bill.[知识拓展](1)distinguish between...and...　　　　　　　　　　 区分/辨别……和……distinguish...from...   使……有别于……的特征；区别/辨 别……和……distinguish oneself by...   通过……显示自己或使自己扬名distinguish oneself (as...)   (作为……)表现突出(2)distinguished adj.   卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for...   因……而出名[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①My brother is a most distinguished(distinguish) man—a great actor.②她以清晰地表达她的思想的能力而著称。She was distinguished for her ability to make her ideas clear.③这个人因其在治疗癌症方面有了重大突破而扬名。The man distinguished himself for a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.④真正的成年人能辨别出什么是该做的事和什么是想做的事。True adults are able to distinguish between what they have to do and what they want to do.(教材P44)They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed.他们也可能用手掩面，就像他们感到尴尬或羞愧一样。(1)embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的[例1]　A parrot can sometimes make you embarrassed.鹦鹉有时候会让人很尴尬。[例2]　He became embarrassed when a journalist asked him pointed questions about his finances.一名记者对他的经济情况接连提出尖锐的问题，他很是尴尬。[翻译]　我为自己的错误感到不好意思。I felt so embarrassed about my mistake.[知识拓展](1)be/feel embarrassed to do sth.对做某事感到尴尬be/feel embarrassed about/at sth.   对某事感到难为情/不知所措(2)embarrass vt.   使难堪，使局促不安embarrassing adj.   令人难堪的embarrassment n.   难堪，困窘[即学即练]——单句语法填空①Much to his embarrassment (embarrass), the captain made duck in each innings.②He was embarrassed to admit (admit) making a mistake.③His speech was followed by an embarrassing (embarrass) silence.(2)ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧[例1]　Her husband felt ashamed at her behaviour.她丈夫为她的行为感到害臊。[例2]　He felt very much ashamed whenever he encountered any of his old mates.每当遇到老相识时，他总是感到很难为情。[翻译]　他羞愧地用手把脸蒙住。He was so ashamed that he hid his face in his hands.[知识拓展](1)be ashamed of (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而感到羞愧be ashamed to do sth.   耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……be ashamed that...   对……感到内疚(2)shame n.   羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事It's a shame that...   ……真让人遗憾What a shame/pity!   真可惜！[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①She was ashamed to ask (ask) such a simple question.②You should be ashamed of having told a lie to her.③真可惜！这一轮她竟然败下来了。What a shame! She should fail this round.[小片段填空]Don't be ashamed of speaking poor English.Don't be ashamed of being laughed at.Don't be ashamed of being stared at.The only real shame is that you never open your mouth.不要羞于说破烂英语，不要羞于被人嘲笑，不要羞于被人注视，唯一应该羞耻的是你从不开口说。[图形助记]　shame家族大集合　call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请(教材P44)Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher.有些学生这样做只是因为他们害怕老师叫他们。[例1]　I like that you should call on me frequently.我喜欢你经常来拜访我。[例2]　He called on his friends to help him.他向朋友求助。[翻译]　他们呼吁人们采取措施来抵制它。They call on people to take measures to fight against it.[知识拓展]call back　　　 召唤某人回来；回电话call for   要求；需要；接(某人)call in   请来；召集call off   取消call up   给……打电话；(使)回忆起；征召……入伍[即学即练]——完成句子①光阴一去不复返。Time past cannot be called back again.②当我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset.③足球赛为什么取消？Why was the football match called off?　bother vi.& vt. 费心；麻烦；因……操心　n．麻烦；不便(教材P44) However, if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping, then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work.但是，要是学生懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。[例1]　Thank you, but please don't bother.谢谢, 但请你不要费事了。[例2]　What a bother! We've missed the bus.真恼人！我们错过了公交车。[翻译]　我小睡的时候不要打扰我。Don't bother me while I am taking my nap.[知识拓展](1)bother sb.with sth.　　 因某事打扰或麻烦某人bother to do/doing sth.   操心做某事it bothers sb.that/to do sth.   使某人苦恼的是……Don't bother.   不用费心了。(2)put sb.to any bother   给某人添乱/让某人心烦[即学即练]——单句语法填空①I didn't want to put you to any bother.②It really bothered me that he'd forgotten my birthday.③You needn't bother to come(come) to my office.　conflict n．矛盾；冲突　vi.冲突；抵触(教材P44) It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home.可能是她和其他学生或在家里发生了严重的冲突。[例1]　It is not surprising that such a view has led to very considerable conflict.这样的一种观点引起很大的分歧是不足为怪的。[例2]　Do British immigration laws conflict with any international laws?英国的移民法与国际法有抵触吗？[翻译]　他们掩藏自己的感情以免发生冲突。They hid their feelings to avoid conflict．[知识拓展](1)in conflict with　　　　 与……冲突/与…… 矛盾come into conflict with   与……冲突/与……矛盾(2)conflict with   与……矛盾/冲突[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译①Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence.②She had often come into conflict with her husband.③他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。He is so cautious that he tries not to conflict with his wife.＝He is so cautious that he tries not to come into conflict with his wife.＝ He is so cautious that he tries not to be in conflict with his wife.　adjust vt.调整；调节 vi.& vt.适应；(使)习惯(教材P44) Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually...他们的肢体语言让我知道什么时候调整课堂活动，什么时候进行干预，什么时候与学生单独交谈……[例1]　Adjust your language to the age of your audience.要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。[例2]　You will quickly adjust yourself to student life.你将很快适应学生生活。[翻译]　她调整座椅到适合儿子的高度。She adjusted the seat to the height of her son.[知识拓展](1)adjust sth.to sth.　　 调整……以适应……adjust to (doing) sth.   适应/习惯(做)某事adjust oneself to...   使自己适应……(2)adjustable adj.   可调节的；可调整的(3)adjustment n.   调整；调节make adjustments to   对……做出调整[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①We must make some adjustments (adjust) to our original plan because of emergencies.②It took her a while to adjust to living (live) alone.③我们必须尽快适应新生活。We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.[小片段填空]School adjustment is a process that students try to adjust to the school life actively, finish study successfully, develop their personality well, and carry out the purpose of education.学校适应是学生主动适应学校生活，顺利完成学业、发展个性、实现学校教育目的的过程。Sentence Patterns　部分否定(教材P44)Of course，not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class.当然，并不是每个抬头看的人上课都专心。句式分析：句中not everyone...＝ everyone...not...，意为“并非每个人都……”，为部分否定。[例1]　Not everyone in the world will be kind and caring towards you.并非世上每个人都会对你友善关心。[例2]　Unsurprisingly, not everyone agrees that things are better.不出所料，并非人人都认同情况有所好转。[翻译]　我实在不愿把实情告诉你，但并非人人都像你那样诚实。I hate to tell you the truth, but not everyone is as honest as you．[知识拓展](1)当not与all，both，everyone，everything，everywhere等词连用时为部分否定，意为“并不都……”。(2)当not与any，anyone，anywhere，anything连用或出现no，nothing，nobody，nowhere，none时是完全否定。[即学即练]——完成句子/句型转换①我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.②答案都不对。None of the answers is right.③并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。Every boy is not interested in sports.＝Not every boy is interested in sports.　as though引导表语从句(教材P44)It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。句式分析：句中as though意为“仿佛；好像”，引导的是表语从句。[例1]　It sounds as though there is a knock at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。[例2]　It seems as though it was spring already.现在好像是春天了。[翻译]　这个男孩好像迷路了。It seems as though the boy has lost his way．[知识拓展](1)as though/if意为“仿佛；好像”，引导方式状语从句或表语从句。(2)as though/if后面的从句可用虚拟语气，表示一种假设或不大可能的事。从句表示与现在事实相反时，谓语动词用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反时，用had＋过去分词；表示将来的可能性不大的情况时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。(3)从句的省略：若as though/if引导的从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语为be，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as though/if＋形容词/副词/名词/介宾短语/分词/不定式”。[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子①He talks about Rome as if he had been(be) there before.②Tom raised his hand as if (he was) to say(say) something.③她说了又说好像永远停不下来。She talks and talks as if/though she would never stop．逻辑推断题逻辑推断题主要考查考生根据全篇、全段、上下文逻辑关系，结合相关信息的暗示，准确理解文章寓意或隐含的深层意义的能力。【例文】　But this summer I find myself at a loss.I'm not quite interested in Balzac, say, or “Tristram Shandy”．There's always War and Peace, which I've covered some distance several times, only to get bogged down in the “War” part, set it aside for a while, and realize that I have to start over from the beginning again, having forgotten everyone's name and social rank. How appealing to simply fall back on a favorite—once more into “The Waves” or “Justine”，which feels almost like cheating, too exciting and too much fun to properly belong in serious literature.Why does the author say reading his favorite books feels like cheating?A．He finishes them quickly.B．He should read something serious.C．He barely understands them.D．He has read them many times before.★解题关键(1)抓与之相关的关键信息，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义。(2)根据上下文逻辑关系，进行实事求是的判断，得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是仅仅根据自己的经验、观点或爱好进行判断。★解题思路Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体字)Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(□中句)Step 3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，作者再次读到自己最喜欢的书时，感到非常刺激和兴奋。同时感觉自己兴奋的心情与严肃的作品不适合，所以这时候会有cheating的感觉，认为自己应该读一些严肃的东西。故选B。针对性练习I started out in life with few advantages.I did not graduate from high school.I worked at menial(不体面的) jobs.I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.And then I began asking, “Why are some people more successful than others？” This question changed my life.Over the years, I have read thousands of books and articles on the subjects of success and achievement(成就)．It seems that the reasons for these accomplishments have been discussed and written about for more than two thousand years, in every possible way.One quality that most philosophers, teachers and experts agree on is the importance of self­discipline(自律)．As Al Tomsik summarized it years ago, “Success is tons of discipline.”Some years ago, I attended a conference in Washington.It was the lunch break and I was eating at a nearby food fair.The area was crowded and I sat down at the last open table by myself, even though it was a table for four.A few minutes later, an older gentleman and a younger woman who was his assistant came along carrying trays of food, obviously looking for a place to sit.With plenty of room at my table, I immediately arose and invited the older gentleman to join me.He was hesitant, but I insisted.Finally, thanking me as he sat down, we began to chat over lunch.It turned out that his name was Kop Kopmeyer.As it happened, I immediately knew who he was.He was a legend in the field of success and achievement.Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study.I had read all four books from cover to cover, more than once.After we had chatted for a while, I asked him the question that many people in this situation would ask, “Of all the one thousand success principles that you have discovered, which do you think is the most important？”He smiled at me with a twinkle in his eye, as if he had been asked this question many times, and replied, without hesitating, “The most important success principle of all was stated by Thomas Huxley many years ago.He said，‘Do what you should do, when you should do it, whether you feel like it or not.’”He went on to say, “There are 999 other success principles that I have found in my reading and experience, but without self­discipline, none of them work.”1．Why did the writer ask the question in Paragraph 2?A．Because he wasn't satisfied with himself.B．Because he was a person of self­discipline.C．Because he dislike those successful people.D．Because he wanted to share his idea on success.2．What made the writer invite the older gentleman to join him?A．His great kindness.B．Then gentleman's fame.C．His eagerness for success.D．The gentleman's good manners.3．What are the four large books about?A．Personal changes.B．The secret of success.C．Sayings of wisdom.D．The gentleman's legend.1．A　[根据第一段“I started out in life with few advantages.I did not graduate from high school.I worked at menial(不体面的) jobs.I had limited education, limited skills and a limited future.”可知，在第二段，作者问这个问题是因为他对自己不满意，故选A。]2．A　[根据第四段“With plenty of room at my table, I immediately arose and invited the older gentleman to join me.He was hesitant, but I insisted.(由于我的桌子上有足够的空间，我立刻起身邀请那位年长的先生加入我的行列。他犹豫了，但我坚持。)”可推断出，是作者的善良邀请这位老绅士加入的，故选A。]3．B　[根据倒数第四段“Kop Kopmeyer had written four large books, each of which contained 250 success principles that he had obtained from more than fifty years of research and study.”可判断出，这四本书是关于成功的秘密的，故选B。]