1.13 定语从句(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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定语从句重难知识点复习
考点1　5组易混关系代词的用法辨析　★★★★★　1. 只用that不用which的情况: (1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。*All that you need to do is focus on one thing.
(2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。*Australia is the only country that is also a continent. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。*This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
(4)先行词为人、物并用时。*Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。*Which is the bike that you lost?
(6)先行词在主句中作表语, 而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。*Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.
2. 只用which不用that的情况: (1)关系代词前有介词时。*Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?
(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。*Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things, which they never had time to do while working.
(3)先行词为that/those时。*What’s that which was put in the car?(4)which用作定语时。*He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
3. the same. . . as与the same. . . that: the same. . . as表示相似或同类的东西the same. . . that表示同一人或物*This is the same book as he lent me last week. 这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。
*This is the same book that he lent me last week. 这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
4. such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that: such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此……以至于*This is such an easy question as I can answer. 这是一个容易的我能回答的问题。
*This is such an easy question that I can answer it. 这个问题如此简单连我都能回答。
【点津】区分这两类从句关键就是看从句中是否缺宾语等成分。
5. as与which: (1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意为“正如……”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等; which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。
*Need for Speed is a very successful film, as is known to all. 《极品飞车》是一部很成功的电影, 这一点是大家都知道的。*The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 运动会被推迟, 这让我们吃惊。
【例析】用适当的关系词填空The exact year_______Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
解题关键: 本题先行词为year, 考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时, 用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。本题定语从句中的谓语动词spent为及物动词, 故从句中缺少宾语, 关系词代替先行词作其宾语。答案判定: which/that
【微练】用适当的关系词填空1. Maybe you have a habit __________ is driving your family crazy. 2. The city’s“psychology cafes”, ______ offer great comfort, are among the most popular places.
that/which
which
考点2　关系代词who, whom, whose　★★★★★1. who和whom的用法。(1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时或表示人的名词时。
*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one who won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015. 我想和你谈论的人是屠呦呦, 她获得了2015年诺贝尔医学奖。
(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。*There’s a gentleman who wants to see you.
(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。*The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard.
(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。*The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.
2. whose的用法。whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“……的”, 可转换为“of +关系代词”, 指人时可用of whom; 指物时可用of which。*The prize will go to the writer whose story/of whom the story shows the most imagination.
【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如: *Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad. 汤姆是被派往国外的工程师之一。*Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工程师。
【例析】用适当的关系词填空A salesman_______is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.
解题关键: 关系词代替先行词salesman在定语从句中作主语, 所以用关系词who引导定语从句, 表示“不能守时的销售者”。答案判定: who
【微练】用适当的关系词填空1. This year, 25, 310 students ____have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year. 2. Students ____take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course.
who
who
3. Students ____enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored. 4. My deskmate is an eccentric boy ______clothes never fit him.
who
whose
考点3　关系副词when, where, why　★★★★1. when的用法。先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 体力是你生存所需的一切手段的日子一去不复返了。
2. where的用法。(1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。
*The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. 楼上是个安静的区域, 有一千多个地方可供阅读, 在这里你还可以坐下用你自己的电脑工作。
(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。*You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你到了药物无法治疗的地步。
3. why的用法。先行词是表示原因的名词reason时, 可以用why引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用for which替代。可以把此时的句子牢记为一个固定句型, 即The reason why. . . is/was that. . . , 意为“……的原因是……”。
*The reason why/for which he didn’t attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。
【点津】(1)选择关系代词或关系副词的原则: 在选择关系词时, 最重要的是分析定语从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 那么必须用关系代词; 若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语, 那么必须用关系副词。
*This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year. 这就是我去年参观的山村。(关系词在从句中作宾语)*I will never forget the day when my father returned from America. 我永远不会忘记我父亲从美国返回的那一天。(关系词在从句中作状语)
(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词, 且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。*I don’t like the way that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother.
【例析】用适当的关系词填空When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market_______people from the towns met regularly.
解题关键: where people from the towns met regularly是定语从句, 修饰先行词market, where在定语从句中作状语。答案判定: where
【微练】用适当的关系词填空1. The reason ____the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area. 2. The hardwood forests ______passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’need for wood.
why
where
3. While waiting for a bus to the office ______he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man. 4. There is the dining room table ______I celebrated birthdays. 5. At the age _____she gained some basic skills and sensibility(识别力), she begged her mother for a bike ride.
where
where
when
考点4　介词+关系代词的6个考查点　★★★★1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。*Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.
2. 考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。*He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 3. 考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。*I am looking for my glasses, without which I can’t watch TV clearly.
4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。*She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which/whose construction had taken more than three years. 注意: the+n. +of which(whom)可与whose+n. 互换。
5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。*The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd. 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。*She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.
【点津】选择介词的3个原则: ①根据句子意思表达的需要; ②根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; ③根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。
【辨析】定语从句与几种句式和从句的区别:
【例析】完成句子He wrote many children’s books, nearly_____ ______ _______ ________ ________ in the 1990s. 他写了很多儿童书籍, 差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。
解题关键: 由逗号可知前后句关系, 后句为非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词books。根据汉语“一半”“发表”可填出答案, 注意关系代词的选取及定语从句中的语态。答案判定: half of which were published
【微练】用适当的关系词填空1.September 30 is the day by ______you must pay your bill. 2. The children, all of ______had played the whole day long, were worn out. 3. In our class there are 46 students, of ______half wear glasses.
which
whom
whom