1.12 名词性从句(含PPT)-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

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名词性从句重难知识点复习
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点1 引导词 名词性从句由不同的引导词引导, 从句一般保持陈述语序。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:
1. that引导的名词性从句that只起连接主句和从句的作用, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 本身也没有词义。该从句作主语通常用it作形式主语, 而将从句置于句末。 (2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. (同位语从句)It is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars and bicycles to improve our environment. (主语从句)
2. wh-引导的名词性从句wh-包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, why等连接副词。wh-词既起连接作用, 还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等。从句作主语也常用it作形式主语, 而将wh-从句置于句末。The student completed this experiment to make come true what Professor Joseph had said. It remains to be seen how these obstacles will help or hurt its economy.
【点津】(1)what引导的名词性从句what作连接代词引导的名词性从句既可以表示一个问“什么……? ”的问题, 也可以表示相当于“名词/代词+关系代词引导的定语从句”结构的意思, 意思是“所……的事/物”, 相当于the thing(s) that/which. . . 。 如: This is what (=the thing that)we have been looking forward to for years.
(2)wh-ever既可引导名词性从句, 又可引导让步状语从句; 而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever (anyone who)wins the first place in the bicycle race. No one is allowed to break the regulations, whoever (anyone who)he is.
3. if, whether引导的名词性从句(1)引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时一般用whether, 不用if。The question is whether technology is going to be our servant or our master. (2)whether与if引导宾语从句时大多数情况下可以互换, 但下列情况下只能用whether: ①后面直接跟or not时用whetherThey now have two weeks to decide whether or not to buy.
②用于介词后引导宾语从句时用whetherBut if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.
【拓展演练】①_____ struck me was that they have all suffered a lot. ②_____ you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. ③People began looking across to see ______ the noise was coming from. ④I can’t say _________ he is coming or not. ⑤________ did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. ⑥I didn’t realize ____ heavy that shopping was going to be. ⑦________ they would support us was a problem. ⑧It is important to check _____ the laboratory can do the tests.  
What
That
where
whether/if
Whoever
how
Whether
when
考点2 主语从句 　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替, 而本身放在句子末尾。
②It is+形容词+从句It is necessary that. . . 有必要……It is clear that. . . 很清楚……It is likely that. . . 很可能……It is important that. . . 重要的是……类似的形容词还有: strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quiet; unusual; certain; evident; worthwhile; surprising; interesting; astonishing。
③It is+过去分词+从句It is said that. . . 据说……It is reported that. . . 据报道……It has been proved that. . . 已证明……It must be proved that. . . 必须指出……类似的过去分词还有: known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out等。
【拓展演练】①________ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet. ②__ was a pity that you didn’t go to the talk.  ③_____ shocked me was that all of these children had no parents.  ④It __________(report)that the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days.  
Whoever
It
What
is reported
考点3 宾语从句　　宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用, 既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。1. that的省略与否that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去, 但如果从句是并列句时, 第二个分句前的that不可省略。如: He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.
2. 句子的语序由who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whichever等引导的宾语从句, 应注意句子的语序要用陈述语序。例如: Can you explain why he didn’t come to the party last Sunday?
②动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时, 其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词; 用在肯定句中时, 连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可, 而不用 that。Do you doubt that he will win the match? I don’t doubt that he can do a good job of it. He often doubts whether/if he is adequate as a father.
【拓展演练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空①He is quite strange, for everything he does is opposite to _____ is considered normal behavior. ②Before carrying out the plan, we must consider _______ the new use of the drug needs further tests. ③I never doubt ____ you can remember ten or more sentences a day, but without using them, they’re not yours.
what
whether
that
Ⅱ. 单句翻译We don’t think he can operate this machine. 译: _____________________________
我们认为他不能操作这台机器。
考点4 表语从句表语从句除可用that, what, when, why, whether, how等引导外, 还可由because, as if(though)等引导。that 引导表语从句, 无词义, 只起连接作用, 不可省略。 Without his support, we wouldn’t be where we are now. By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived. It looks as if a sandstorm is coming up. The fact of the matter is that most people consume far more protein than they actually need.
【点津】①whether可引导表语从句, 但与之同义的if不用于引导表语从句。②That is because. . . 指原因或理由。That is why. . . 指由于各种原因所造成的后果。The question is whether he will join us next time. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
③当主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why I was late was that my car broke down on the way.
【拓展演练】 ①One of the glorious moments in my school life was _____ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award. ②What we can learn from the story is ____ you mustn’t blame children for the mistakes of their parents. ③That is ______ our problems lie.  ④My car goes faster than yours, which is ____ I want to keep it.
when
that
where
why
考点5 同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明, 一般用连词that引导。由于名词的意义不同, 也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的名词有fact, idea, belief, news, hope, conclusion, evidence, suggestion, order, problem, report, decision, word等。例如: We came to the decision that we must act at once. I have no idea when he will come back. We don’t understand the problem why this is the best choice.
【点津】　that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别: 同位语从句的that不充当句子成分, 且不可省略; that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的, that代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语成分, 充当宾语时可省略。We are glad at the news that he will come. 听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news的内容就是that he will come, 故that引导的是同位语从句)We are glad at the news that he told us. 听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that从句是限制the news的内容的, 即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news, 故that从句为定语从句)
【拓展演练】①The question _______ it is right or wrong depends on the result. ②The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. ③He has an idea ____ he can finish his project better.  ④I have no doubt ____ he will overcome all these difficulties.
whether
that
that
that
提升能力
Ⅰ. 语法填空　　Nowadays, before we upload a photo of ourselves to social media, chances are that we’ll use 1. ________ app to smooth our skin, make our eyes bigger, eyelashes longer and lips fuller.  　　With a couple of taps on our mobile phones, we’re able to get a quick fix and present our own best version to the world. 2. ________, the problem is, when we 3. ________(simple) edit our imperfections away, we’re also changing the way we look at 4. ________(we).  
Last month, 5. ________(research) from the Boston University 6. ________(publish) an article which analyzed photo 7. ________(edit) apps’ bad impacts on people’s self-esteem and their potential to cause appearance anxieties. They warned that such apps are blurring( 难 区 分 ) the lines between reality and fantasy. These apps allow one 8. ________(change) his or her appearance in minutes and follow a(n) 9. ________(realistic) standard of beauty.  　　Now we’ve got this daily comparison of the real self with this intentional or unintentional self that we present on social media. This is 10. ________ many young people suffer an identity crisis when it comes to how they look.  
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍目前人们将自己的照片上传到社交媒体之前, 我们很有可能会使用一款应用程序来美化我们的皮肤, 让我们的眼睛更大, 睫毛更长, 嘴唇更丰满, 波士顿大学(Boston University) 的研究人员发表了一篇文章, 分析了照片编辑应用程序对人们自尊的负面影响, 以及它们可能导致的外表焦虑。这就是许多年轻人在外貌问题上遭遇身份危机的原因。
1. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处表示“一款”应用程序, app为可数名词表泛指, 故用不定冠词, 且app是以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。2. 【解析】However。考查副词。设空处前一句句意: 在我们的手机上轻敲几下, 我们就能快速解决问题, 向世界展示我们最好的版本。设空处后的句意: 问题是, 当我们简单地编辑我们的缺点时, 我们也改变了我们看待自己的方式。可知前后句意为转折关系。故填However。3. 【解析】simply。考查副词。此处edit是动词, 由副词修饰, 所给词simple是形容词, 其副词形式是simply。故填simply。
4. 【解析】ourselves。考查反身代词。根据句意应用反身代词。主语为we, 故填ourselves。5. 【解析】researchers。考查名词复数。该空格处作句子主语, 指波士顿大学的“研究人员们”, 所以这里用名词复数, 故填researchers。6. 【解析】published。考查时态。根据Last month可知句子用一般过去时, 故填published。7. 【解析】editing。考查形容词。photo editing apps “照片编辑应用程序”, editing意为“用于编辑的”。故填editing。
8. 【解析】to change。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知句子的谓语是allow, change为非谓语; allow sb. to do sth. 是固定短语“允许某人做某事”。故填to change。9. 【解析】unrealistic。考查形容词。此处standard是名词, 由形容词修饰, 结合句意, 该空填unrealistic。10. 【解析】why。考查表语从句。此处表示结果, 是why引导的表语从句。故填why。
Ⅱ. 语段填空 Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk about _________________(你应该做什么) when a fire alarm goes off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and ___________________(等待你的老师)to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmates. ___________(不要恐慌)or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calm. Soon the firefighters will come and _____________(扑灭火灾). If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead you back to the classroom. If you notice ___________________________(有人不见了或受伤了), tell your teacher immediately.  
what you should do
wait for your teacher
Don’t panic
put out the
fire
that someone is missing or hurt
Ⅲ. 写作运用补全下面写作, 注意名词性从句的运用。The Moment I Take Pride in Where there is a will, there is a way. When I began to learn to cook three years ago, I failed many times. But in the end, 1. ______________________________________(我所做的饭菜很可口), because I carried on with it.  
The first dish was fried eggs. At first, 2. ________________________________(我不好控制油的温度). In order to learn it well, I wasted a great number of eggs. I never gave up until I fried eggs better.   3. ______________________________________________(我学做饭的原因是让我妈妈做完工作后可以休息). I will keep the moment in my heart.  
答案: 1. what was cooked by me was very delicious2. it was difficult for me to control the temperature of oil3. The reason why I learned to cook was that my mother could rest after she finished her work