还剩27页未读，
继续阅读
【讲语法】15 状语从句高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）
展开
这是一份【讲语法】15 状语从句高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共35页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，状语从句，十大词类，动词不定式，V-ing形式，介词短语，1 地点状语从句，1 原因状语从句，1 目的状语从句，1 让步状语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，是说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。常见的状语种类：
1. Hw abut meeting again at six? 时间状语2. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain. 原因状语3. I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 条件状语4. Mr Smith lives n the third flr. 地点状语5. She put the eggs int the basket with great care. 方式状语6. She came in with a dictinary in her hand. 伴随状语7. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder. 目的状语8. He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语9. She wrks very hard thugh she is ld. 让步状语10. I am taller than he is. 比较状语
状语一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。
He fell asleep ________________ he was reading. She sang ________ she went. （她边走边唱）It was raining hard ___________we arrived. We were abut t start _________ it began t rain.
用when, while或as填空
when /while/ as
2.11 时间状语从句（when while as)
It ften rains in the suth，_________ it seldm rains in the nrth.
be abut t d sth when... be n the pint f ding sth when... be ding sth when... had dne sth while the irn is ht. (用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
“when”也可以表示原因，意思是“既然；在…的情况下”Why d yu want a new jb when yu’ve gt such a gd ne?Why waste £50 when yu culd get it fr free?Why use wd when yu can use plastic?
It was flish f yu t take a taxi when yu culd easily walk there in 5 minutes.
延续动词：能够延续的动作或状态，如live, wrk, study, learn, sleep等， 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续动词：短暂性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这类动词有： g, cme, arrive, leave, begin, start, jin, marry 等，它不能和一段时间连用。e.g. The ld man has died fr ten years. The ld man has been dead fr ten years. The ld man died ten years ag.
befre引导时间状语从句表示“在…之前”, 从句中常用如下句型：It will be lng befre...(得过好久才……)It will nt be lng befre...(不久就……)It was lng befre...(过了好久才……)It was nt lng befre...(过了不久就……)It will be half a year befre I cme back.It wn't be lng befre yu regret fr what yu've dne.It wasn't be lng befre they came back.It was lng befre they met again.
2.12 时间状语从句befre
since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)It is tw years since he smked.他戒烟已有两年了。It is tw years since he jined the army. 他参军两年了。常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时) It has been three years since I began t learn English.
2.13 时间状语从句since
since一般用于“现在完成时”或“一般现在时”；since表示“自从”时，通常与现在完成时连用；主句表示“多长时间”时，动词可用一般现在时（也可用现在完成时）。
We shall wait until/till he cmes back.Until he cmes back, nthing can be dne.I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clck.= Nt until I heard the alarm clck did I wake up.= It was nt until I heard the alarm clck that I wke up.= I wke up after/when I heard the alarm clck.
2.14 时间状语从句until/till
PracticeI didn’t recgnized her until she tk ff her dark glasses.=Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I recgnize her.=It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I recgnized her. =I recgnized her when/after she tk ff her dark glasses.
以下引导词引导时间状语，表示“一……就……”directly，immediately，instantly，as sn as the mment，the minute，the instant，the secnd… ，n （前半部分过去完成时，后半部分用一般过去时，位于句首时主句用部分倒装）He left as sn as yu came.He made fr the dr directly he heard the knck.The mment he saw his mther，he burst int tears.Hardly had we went hme when it began t rain.= We had hardly went hme when it began t rainN sner had he arrived than she started cmplaining.
2.15 表示“一……就”的引导词
each time，every time，any time, next time, the first/secnd time…等名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。Each time he came t my city，he wuld call n me.I fell in lve with her the first time I saw her.
2.16 名词短语引导时间状语从句
by the time意为“到……时候”，表示动作在某一时间点前已完成。（1）如果从句中的谓语动词是过去时，主句的谓语动词常用过去完成时。如果从句中的谓语动词为现在时或现在完成时，主句的谓语动词常用将来完成时。表示 "主句的动作到未来某个时候就已经完成了"。By the time he was furteen years ld, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. We will have left by the time they arrive. （2）如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只说明状况，则主句不用完成时态。He was ut f breath by the time he reached the tp.
2.17 by the time 引导时间状语从句
常用引导词：where wherever anywhere everywheree.g. He lives where the climate is mild. He thinks f us wherever he is.
where 引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导的地点状语从句，是用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点。而where引导的定语从句是用来修饰一个名词，即先行词。该词应是一个表示地点的名词。Bamb grws best where it is warm and where it rains ften.Bamb grws best in places where it is warm and where it rains ften.
如果想说“我在操场上打篮球的时候把钥匙弄丢了。”，可以有两种表达方式：① I lst my key n the playgrund. （初中知识）② I lst my key where I played basketball. （高中知识） 我把钥匙丢在（我）打篮球的地方了。从上面例句中我们可以看出where I played basketball的作用等同于n the playgrund，都是表示地点的状语，只是第二句说得更详细具体些。
1．表示不知道的原因时用because，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分。常用来回答why的问题。I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the bss.2．表示已经知道的原因时用as（由于，因为）或since（既然，因为），since要比as正式一些。Seeing all f the children already seated，he said，“Since everyne is here，let’s start.”3．下列情况下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时。
4．“when”也可以表示原因，意思是“既然；在…的情况下”Why d yu want a new jb when yu’ve gt such a gd ne?Why waste £50 when yu culd get it fr free?Why use wd when yu can use plastic?5．其他引导词：nw that(既然), in that(因为), given that（考虑到），cnsidering that（考虑到）Nw that everybdy has cme, let’s begin ur cnference.Given that she lves children, teaching is the right career fr her.
常用引导词：s that，in rder that， in case（以免，以防）， fr fear that（以免，唯恐,）Yu shuld take an umbrella fr fear that it (shuld) rain.注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He gt up early s that he culd catch the early train.（目的状语从句）He gt up early s that he caught the early train.（结果状语从句）He gt up early s that he culd catch the early train.=He gt up early s as t/ in rder t catch the early train.(主从句主语一致时可以这样转换）
1. He made a wrng decisin s that he failed. 2. His prgress was such that it surprised his teacher.
She is s gd that we all like her.It’s such a gd chance that we must nt miss it.He is s gd a by that we all like him.=He is such a gd by that we all like him.
名词前有many,much,few,little 修饰时,用s…that来表示结果。但little意为“小的”时，仍用such…that.
常用引导词：such that，s that，，
1．althugh与thugh可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Althugh/Thugh they are pr，(yet) they are warmhearted.2．even if或even thugh引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，纵然”。I managed t get there even if/thugh it rained heavily.3．n matter后接wh，what，where，hw等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whever，whatever，wherever，hwever等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词＋-ever”类词。Dn’t trust him，n matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever yu give me.N matter hw hard the wrk is，yu’d better try t d it well.
4．as也可以引导让步状语从句，引起倒装,需要倒装前置的内容有表语名词去冠词；表语形容词；动词后副词；情态动词后动原。thugh引导的从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，但althugh引导的从句不可以倒装。Child as (thugh) he is，he knws a lt.Much as I like it，I wn’t buy.Try as he might，he culdn’t lift the heavy bx.Yung as she is, she has traveled t many cuntries. 5．while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比thugh/althugh语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
比较状语从句：than；； nt as(s)... as...; the same as； the＋比较级，the＋比较级从句中有时使用省略形式，只保留被比较的对象。He wrks as hard as thers.We treat bys exactly the same as girls.The sun is much bigger than the earth.The mre yu eat，the fatter yu will be.
I shall nt g t the mvie unless I finish my hmewrk. =I shall nt g t the mvie if I dn’t finish my hmewrk.Only if yu finish the wrk can yu play cmputer games.
方式状语从句描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法，主要由下列引导词引导：as，just as, (in) the way，as if，as thugh等。Yu shuld d the experiment as the teacher tells yu t.你应该按照老师的要求做实验。D as the Rmans d. 入乡随俗。The ld man runs very fast as thugh he were a yung man.那位老人跑得很快，就像年轻人似的。It lks as if it will rain. 看来好像要下雨。
10.1 方式状语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，用陈述语气。可以引导方式状语从句，也可以跟在系动词seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。
as if/as thugh引导从句
表语从句：He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
状语从句：D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. （虚拟语气） He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. （陈述语气）
1. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和系动词be.While ( I was ) walking alng the street, I heard my name called.Dn’t speak until（yu are）spken t . Tm raised his hand as if (he was ) t say smething. when(he was)asked why he was late，he kept silent． Unless（yu are ) invited t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference. Crrect mistakes, if any. 2. 当从句的主语是it, 谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it 和系动词be一起省略。Unless ( it is ) necessary, yu’d better nt refer t the dictinary.
如果我是你，我就会努力学习.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．
如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．
If I were yu, I wuld wrk harder at my lessns.
If I had knwn his telephne number, I wuld have called him.
If it shuld \were t rain, we wuld call ff the match.
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 did/ were wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d与过去事实相反 had dne wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + have dne与将来事实相反 did/were t d/shuld d wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d
虚拟语气在状语从句的运用
（1）在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, shuld 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at schl again, I wuld study harder.Were I at schl again, I wuld study harder.If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. （2）当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句. 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If yu had fllwed my advice , yu wuld be better nw.If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，是说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。常见的状语种类：
1. Hw abut meeting again at six? 时间状语2. Last night she didn’t g t the dance party because f the rain. 原因状语3. I shall g there if it desn’t rain. 条件状语4. Mr Smith lives n the third flr. 地点状语5. She put the eggs int the basket with great care. 方式状语6. She came in with a dictinary in her hand. 伴随状语7. In rder t catch up with the thers, I must wrk harder. 目的状语8. He was s tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语9. She wrks very hard thugh she is ld. 让步状语10. I am taller than he is. 比较状语
状语一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、从句等充当。
He fell asleep ________________ he was reading. She sang ________ she went. （她边走边唱）It was raining hard ___________we arrived. We were abut t start _________ it began t rain.
用when, while或as填空
when /while/ as
2.11 时间状语从句（when while as)
It ften rains in the suth，_________ it seldm rains in the nrth.
be abut t d sth when... be n the pint f ding sth when... be ding sth when... had dne sth while the irn is ht. (用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
“when”也可以表示原因，意思是“既然；在…的情况下”Why d yu want a new jb when yu’ve gt such a gd ne?Why waste £50 when yu culd get it fr free?Why use wd when yu can use plastic?
It was flish f yu t take a taxi when yu culd easily walk there in 5 minutes.
延续动词：能够延续的动作或状态，如live, wrk, study, learn, sleep等， 可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。非延续动词：短暂性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这类动词有： g, cme, arrive, leave, begin, start, jin, marry 等，它不能和一段时间连用。e.g. The ld man has died fr ten years. The ld man has been dead fr ten years. The ld man died ten years ag.
befre引导时间状语从句表示“在…之前”, 从句中常用如下句型：It will be lng befre...(得过好久才……)It will nt be lng befre...(不久就……)It was lng befre...(过了好久才……)It was nt lng befre...(过了不久就……)It will be half a year befre I cme back.It wn't be lng befre yu regret fr what yu've dne.It wasn't be lng befre they came back.It was lng befre they met again.
2.12 时间状语从句befre
since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)It is tw years since he smked.他戒烟已有两年了。It is tw years since he jined the army. 他参军两年了。常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时) It has been three years since I began t learn English.
2.13 时间状语从句since
since一般用于“现在完成时”或“一般现在时”；since表示“自从”时，通常与现在完成时连用；主句表示“多长时间”时，动词可用一般现在时（也可用现在完成时）。
We shall wait until/till he cmes back.Until he cmes back, nthing can be dne.I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clck.= Nt until I heard the alarm clck did I wake up.= It was nt until I heard the alarm clck that I wke up.= I wke up after/when I heard the alarm clck.
2.14 时间状语从句until/till
PracticeI didn’t recgnized her until she tk ff her dark glasses.=Nt until she tk ff her dark glasses did I recgnize her.=It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I recgnized her. =I recgnized her when/after she tk ff her dark glasses.
以下引导词引导时间状语，表示“一……就……”directly，immediately，instantly，as sn as the mment，the minute，the instant，the secnd… ，n （前半部分过去完成时，后半部分用一般过去时，位于句首时主句用部分倒装）He left as sn as yu came.He made fr the dr directly he heard the knck.The mment he saw his mther，he burst int tears.Hardly had we went hme when it began t rain.= We had hardly went hme when it began t rainN sner had he arrived than she started cmplaining.
2.15 表示“一……就”的引导词
each time，every time，any time, next time, the first/secnd time…等名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。Each time he came t my city，he wuld call n me.I fell in lve with her the first time I saw her.
2.16 名词短语引导时间状语从句
by the time意为“到……时候”，表示动作在某一时间点前已完成。（1）如果从句中的谓语动词是过去时，主句的谓语动词常用过去完成时。如果从句中的谓语动词为现在时或现在完成时，主句的谓语动词常用将来完成时。表示 "主句的动作到未来某个时候就已经完成了"。By the time he was furteen years ld, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. We will have left by the time they arrive. （2）如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只说明状况，则主句不用完成时态。He was ut f breath by the time he reached the tp.
2.17 by the time 引导时间状语从句
常用引导词：where wherever anywhere everywheree.g. He lives where the climate is mild. He thinks f us wherever he is.
where 引导的地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导的地点状语从句，是用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点。而where引导的定语从句是用来修饰一个名词，即先行词。该词应是一个表示地点的名词。Bamb grws best where it is warm and where it rains ften.Bamb grws best in places where it is warm and where it rains ften.
如果想说“我在操场上打篮球的时候把钥匙弄丢了。”，可以有两种表达方式：① I lst my key n the playgrund. （初中知识）② I lst my key where I played basketball. （高中知识） 我把钥匙丢在（我）打篮球的地方了。从上面例句中我们可以看出where I played basketball的作用等同于n the playgrund，都是表示地点的状语，只是第二句说得更详细具体些。
1．表示不知道的原因时用because，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分。常用来回答why的问题。I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the bss.2．表示已经知道的原因时用as（由于，因为）或since（既然，因为），since要比as正式一些。Seeing all f the children already seated，he said，“Since everyne is here，let’s start.”3．下列情况下只能使用because：(1)在回答why的问句时；(2)在用于强调句型时。
4．“when”也可以表示原因，意思是“既然；在…的情况下”Why d yu want a new jb when yu’ve gt such a gd ne?Why waste £50 when yu culd get it fr free?Why use wd when yu can use plastic?5．其他引导词：nw that(既然), in that(因为), given that（考虑到），cnsidering that（考虑到）Nw that everybdy has cme, let’s begin ur cnference.Given that she lves children, teaching is the right career fr her.
常用引导词：s that，in rder that， in case（以免，以防）， fr fear that（以免，唯恐,）Yu shuld take an umbrella fr fear that it (shuld) rain.注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He gt up early s that he culd catch the early train.（目的状语从句）He gt up early s that he caught the early train.（结果状语从句）He gt up early s that he culd catch the early train.=He gt up early s as t/ in rder t catch the early train.(主从句主语一致时可以这样转换）
1. He made a wrng decisin s that he failed. 2. His prgress was such that it surprised his teacher.
She is s gd that we all like her.It’s such a gd chance that we must nt miss it.He is s gd a by that we all like him.=He is such a gd by that we all like him.
名词前有many,much,few,little 修饰时,用s…that来表示结果。但little意为“小的”时，仍用such…that.
常用引导词：such that，s that，，
1．althugh与thugh可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。Althugh/Thugh they are pr，(yet) they are warmhearted.2．even if或even thugh引导让步状语从句，表示“即使，纵然”。I managed t get there even if/thugh it rained heavily.3．n matter后接wh，what，where，hw等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whever，whatever，wherever，hwever等。但在引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词＋-ever”类词。Dn’t trust him，n matter what/whatever he says.I will eat whatever yu give me.N matter hw hard the wrk is，yu’d better try t d it well.
4．as也可以引导让步状语从句，引起倒装,需要倒装前置的内容有表语名词去冠词；表语形容词；动词后副词；情态动词后动原。thugh引导的从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，但althugh引导的从句不可以倒装。Child as (thugh) he is，he knws a lt.Much as I like it，I wn’t buy.Try as he might，he culdn’t lift the heavy bx.Yung as she is, she has traveled t many cuntries. 5．while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比thugh/althugh语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
比较状语从句：than；； nt as(s)... as...; the same as； the＋比较级，the＋比较级从句中有时使用省略形式，只保留被比较的对象。He wrks as hard as thers.We treat bys exactly the same as girls.The sun is much bigger than the earth.The mre yu eat，the fatter yu will be.
I shall nt g t the mvie unless I finish my hmewrk. =I shall nt g t the mvie if I dn’t finish my hmewrk.Only if yu finish the wrk can yu play cmputer games.
方式状语从句描述主句中动作或状态发生的方式或方法，主要由下列引导词引导：as，just as, (in) the way，as if，as thugh等。Yu shuld d the experiment as the teacher tells yu t.你应该按照老师的要求做实验。D as the Rmans d. 入乡随俗。The ld man runs very fast as thugh he were a yung man.那位老人跑得很快，就像年轻人似的。It lks as if it will rain. 看来好像要下雨。
10.1 方式状语从句
as if/as thugh意为“好像，仿佛”，从句所述的是非真实的情况，用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，用陈述语气。可以引导方式状语从句，也可以跟在系动词seem，appear，lk，taste，sund，feel，smell等之后引导表语从句。
as if/as thugh引导从句
表语从句：He lked as if he was ging t cry. He lks as if he were frm the Mars.
状语从句：D as yu are tld, r yu’ll be fired. The lady treats the by as if he were her wn sn. （虚拟语气） He clsed his eyes as if he was tired. （陈述语气）
1. 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略从句中的主语和系动词be.While ( I was ) walking alng the street, I heard my name called.Dn’t speak until（yu are）spken t . Tm raised his hand as if (he was ) t say smething. when(he was)asked why he was late，he kept silent． Unless（yu are ) invited t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference. Crrect mistakes, if any. 2. 当从句的主语是it, 谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it 和系动词be一起省略。Unless ( it is ) necessary, yu’d better nt refer t the dictinary.
如果我是你，我就会努力学习.
如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了．
如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛．
If I were yu, I wuld wrk harder at my lessns.
If I had knwn his telephne number, I wuld have called him.
If it shuld \were t rain, we wuld call ff the match.
虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 did/ were wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d与过去事实相反 had dne wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + have dne与将来事实相反 did/were t d/shuld d wuld/ shuld/ culd/ might + d
虚拟语气在状语从句的运用
（1）在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, shuld 提到句首，变为倒装句式．If I were at schl again, I wuld study harder.Were I at schl again, I wuld study harder.If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have met him.If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing.Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. （2）当从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句. 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整．If yu had fllwed my advice , yu wuld be better nw.If yu had studied hard befre, yu wuld be a cllege student nw.
相关课件
【讲语法】14 名词性从句高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）： 这是一份【讲语法】14 名词性从句高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共59页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS， ，名词性从句，Lesson 9 ，Grammar等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【讲语法】13 非谓语动词高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）： 这是一份【讲语法】13 非谓语动词高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共60页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Lesson 8 ，非谓语动词，考点解密，written，writing，repaired，heard，crying，painted等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【讲语法】10 定语从句（一）高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用）： 这是一份【讲语法】10 定语从句（一）高考英语语法知识点梳理课件（全国通用），共39页。PPT课件主要包含了CONTENTS，Lesson 7 ，定语从句，先行词，关系词，关系代词，关系副词，限制性定语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
