(新高考)高考英语三轮冲刺大题优练9 语法填空(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

A

【2020·山东卷】

Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries,  1  (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big   2  until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,   3  (form) the core collection of the British Museum   4   opened in 1759.

The parts of a museum open to the public   5  (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection   6  (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine   7  (they) living at a different time in history or   8  (walk) through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical   9  (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete   10   people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.

【答案】

1. wealthy 2. or    3. formed   4. which/that  5. are called

6. is   7. themselves  8. walking  9. accuracy  10. for

【解析】本文为一篇说明文，说明了博物馆的部分藏品的来源以及其面临的挑战。

1.考查形容词。根据空格后的名词与所给提示词wealth，判断此处需填形容词，故填wealthy。

2.考查连词。根据空格前的until it got too big与空格后的until they died，判断此处为选择关系，故填or。

3.考查时态。根据前文提到的时间状语in the 18th and 19th centuries，判断此处需用一般过去时，故填formed。

4.考查连词。根据空格前的先行词the British Museum与空格后的谓语动词opened，判断此处为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。

5.考查被动语态。根据空格前的主语the parts与所给提示词call，判断此处为被动语态，且此处表陈述事实，故填are called。

6.考查主谓一致。根据空格前的主语a small part与所给提示词，判断此处为谓语动词，且主语a small part为单数形式，故填is。

7.考查反身代词。根据空格前的主语visitors、谓语动词imagine与所给提示词they，判断此处为反身代词，故填themselves。

8.考查非谓语动词。根据空格前的or，判断此处为与前面的living at a different time in history为选择关系，因此此处需用v-ing形式，故填walking。

9.考查名词。根据空格前的形容词Historical与空格后的系动词is，判断此处需用名词形式，故填accuracy。

10.考查固定搭配。根据空格前的动词compete与空格后的people’s spare time and money，判断此处需用表“为……竞争”的动词短语compete for，故填for。

B

【2020·全国II卷】

Decorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year

Chinese New Year is a   11  (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers   12  (carry) special significance. They represent the earth   13  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:

Oranges: Orange trees are more   14   decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times   15  (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.   16  (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated   17   health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy   18  (care) for and make great presents.

Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花): The   19  (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are   20   first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

【答案】

11. celebration  12. carries   13. coming   14. than    15. decorated

16. Certainly   17. with    18. to care   19. beautiful   20. the

【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了为什么在中国新年期间，人们用植物、水果和花装饰家里，以及列举了用来装饰的最流行的植物、水果和花。

11.考查名词。由设空处前a，可判断此处需填名词形式，且为单数形式，故填celebration。

12.考查一般现在时和主谓一致。why引导表语从句，从句中是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，由整篇文章语境可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填carries。

13.考查非谓语动词。主句为they represent the earth and best wishes，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，且the earth与come back为主谓关系，可知此处需填现在分词，作the earth的宾语补足语，强调一段时间内正在进行的动作，故填coming。

14.考查连词。句意：桔子树不只是装饰。more than表示“超过，不只是”，结合句意，故填than。

15.考查非谓语动词。主句为you see them，可判断设空处为非谓语动词，them代指前文orange trees与decorate为动宾关系，可知应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填decorated。

16.考查副词。此处为副词修饰整句话，且位于句首，故填Certainly。

17.考查介词。be associated with为固定搭配，表示“与……相关”，故填with。

18.考查非谓语动词。sth. is easy to do，表示“某事容易……”，且此处为动词不定式表示被动，故填to care。

19.考查形容词。有the _______ long branches，可判断此处为形容词修饰名词branches，故填beautiful。

20.考查冠词。the first to do，表示“最先……”，故填the。

A

Devote yourself to the work you do, not the prize you might get. Hao Jingfang, a Tsinghua University graduate, is pursuing her passion for writing and education.

In 2016, she won   1   Hugo Award with her short novel, Folding Beijing, which made her the first female writer in China to bring home this prize. Later on, the author   2  (turn) to education. She set up Tongxing Academy for public welfare education and WePlanets   3  (develop) children’s creativity after school.

Since building her company, Hao has been carrying out voluntary teaching   4  (program) in rural areas. “We   5  (real) want these kids to have better education resources like kids from the cities,” she said. Besides,   6  (difference) from the typical Chinese parents so ambitious for their children, Hao suggests   7  (give) kids more space for trial and error. “Let the children handle the reality   8   decide for themselves. If they struggle with obstacles, you can offer them some guidance or encouragement,” Hao said. She also encourages all women to discover their passions. “We live   9   a big, big world with endless possibilities. Don’t be too afraid to try something new. When you find the one thing that you want to commit to, you   10  (become) fearless to follow your dream.”

B

Roofs and windows of buildings aren’t the only surfaces that can be used to produce solar power. In China,   11  (construct) has begun of the country’s first solar highway, in which solar panels are placed underneath transparent concrete.

The solar highway is a 2km stretch(一段) of road   12  (lie) on the Jinan City Expressway, and it’s divided into three layers. The see-through concrete protects a set of solar panels of two   13  (size). Beneath the solar panels   14  (be) a layer that separates them from the damp ground.

The road   15  (it) has already been completed, and now it’s only a matter of connecting the grid(输电网),   16   is expected to be finished by the end of the year alongside the completion of the Jinan Expressway’s south section.

This isn’t the first solar road China has worked on. Earlier this year, the Qilu Transportation Development Group, also handling the Jinan Expressway solar road,   17  (build) a 160-meter- long solar road in   18   city of Jinan. It has the ability of heating up to keep the highway clear   19   snow and ice and is able to   20  (wireless) charge electric vehicles. The new solar highway is expected to one day be equipped with the same features.

C

With seasonal temperatures breaking records almost every year, tree species   21  (expect) to adapt to the changes by slowly shifting their population centers northward. But   22   recent survey shows the trend toward westward movement is even   23  (strong) than expected — in some cases, species have shifted their ranges to west by as much as 73 percent.

The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species   24  (survey) have shifted their population centers westward   25   1980.

Obviously, trees aren’t uprooting   26  (them) and moving elsewhere. The survey provides insight into general population trends as young trees continue to take root in westward land, while some of the older   27  (plant) of the species in the eastern areas are slowly dying out. In this way, the center of a species, range can gradually shift over time.

Though scientists aren’t sure   28   is causing this change, the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall. Rainfall totals across the United States have changed,   29  (cause) areas such as the Southeast to experience significantly less rain annually, while the Great Plains is getting far more than its historical average. For this reason, most trees are moving toward the   30  (increasing) watery plains.

D

A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a   31  (heat) discussion among netizens by asking people   32   they are happy. The responses to the question were various, even some quite funny ones   33  (include). Although some people played jokes   34   the answers, it didn’t take long before they began to figure out the true meanings of happiness.

It is certain that people’s views on happiness   35  (affect) greatly by their own life experience   36  (fortunate), too many people refer to being rich as happiness. Some people   37   intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to multiply their income,   38  (believe) that is where their happiness. Some are eager to inherit their parents’ property, especially those who are known as silver-spoon kids. Even worse, some would rather break the law   39  (satisfy) their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally.

In my opinion, happiness is not about pursuing wealth merely but about admiring the   40  (beauty) things in life. Therefore live your life to the fullest and be happy.

A

【答案】

1. the  2. turned  3. to develop  4. programs  5. really

6. different 7. giving  8. and   9. in    10. will become

【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了清华大学毕业生郝景芳的事迹。

1.考查冠词。“雨果奖”前面需要加定冠词，表特指。故填the。

2.考查动词时态。该句前面有表示过去时间的状语Later on，因此用过去时。故填turned。

3.考查不定式。句意：她建立童行学院和童行星球，旨在课后开发学生的创造力。此处做目的状语用不定式，故填to develop。

4.考查名词复数。句意：郝景芳在乡下实施了很多志愿教学项目。根据句意，用名词复数，表示不止一个教学项目。故填programs。

5.考查副词。句意：我们真正想要农村孩子能获得比城里孩子更好的教育资源｡修饰动词用副词。故填really。

6.考查形容词。句意：郝景芳和典型的中国家长不一样｡说明主语用形容词作伴随状语。故填different。

7.考查动名词。句意：她建议给孩子更多试错的空间｡suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填giving。

8.考查连词。句意：让孩子自己处理遇到的问题并做决定｡此处与handle是并列关系，应用and。故填and。

9.考查介词。句意：我们生活在大千世界，拥有无穷可能性｡in a big, big world指的是在一个大千世界。填in。

10.考查动词时态。句意：当发现自己想从事的事情时，就会无畏地追寻梦想｡此处描述将来发生的事情，When引导时间状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。故填will become。

B

【答案】

11. construction 12. lying  13. sizes  14. is  15. itself

16. which   17. built  18. the  19. of  20. wirelessly

【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了太阳能高速公路。中国第一条太阳能高速公路的建设已经开始，在这条高速公路上，太阳能板被放置在透明的混凝土下面，它能够加热，使高速公路不受冰雪的影响，并且能够对电动汽车进行无线充电。

11.考查名词。在中国，中国第一条太阳能高速公路的建设已经开始，在这条高速公路上，太阳能板被放置在透明的混凝土下面。用名词做主语，construct（建设）是动词，故答案为construction。

12.考查现在分词。这条高速公路是济南市高速公路上的一条2公里长的公路，它被分为三层。此处是现在分词做后置定语，故答案为lying。

13.考查名词复数。这种透明混凝土保护了一套两种尺寸的太阳能电池板。根据two可知此处名词用复数形式，故把size改成sizes。

14.考查时态。将它们与潮湿的地面分开的一层在太阳能电池板下面。此句是全部倒装，句子是一般现在时态，主语是a layer，单数第三人称，故答案为is。

15.考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。

16.考查非限制性定语从句。此处the grid是先行词，指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做主语，故答案为which。

17.考查时态。句意：今年早些时候，齐鲁运输发展集团也在济南市高速公路上修建了一条160米长的太阳能公路。根据Earlier this year可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为built。

18.考查定冠词。in the city of...：在……市，the表示特指。故在city前加the。

19.考查介词。句意：它能够加热，使高速公路不受冰雪的影响，并且能够对电动汽车进行无线充电。keep clear of...：远离……，为固定短语。故答案为of。

20.考查副词。此处charge（充电）是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为wirelessly（无线地）。

C

【答案】

21. are expected 22. a   23. stronger  24. surveyed  25. since

26. themselves  27. plants  28. what   29. causing  30. increasingly

【解析】本文是一篇科普类文章。本文主要讲述由于季节性气候的变化，树种也在向北转移来适应这些变化。调查显示，大约有3/4的树种向西迁移，移到西部的小树继续生根而东部的古老植物却在慢慢地灭绝。尽管科学家们不确定是什么导致了这一变化，但已出版的研究认为它与降雨有关。

21.考查语态。本句中的expect的宾语是tree species，故本句中要用被动语态。因为expect sb/sth. to do，而sth/sb. be expected，故本空要填are expected。

22.考查冠词。此处说的是最近的一项调查，指的数量“一”，故填a。

23.考查比较级。本空是作系动词is的表语。根据than可知，要用比较级，本空要填形容词的比较级（stronger），故填stronger。

24.考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的tree species是被调查，所以要用过去分词surveyed作后置定语。故填surveyed。

25.考查连词。本句中用了现在完成时，可知连词用since（自从）+过去的时间状语，主句用现在完成时。故填since。

26.考查反身代词。句意：树木本身不会把它们自己（themselves）拔出来移动到别的地方。故填themselves。

27.考查名词。句意：而东部地区的一些古老植物物种正在慢慢灭绝。根据some of，可知应该是植物的复数plants。故填plants。

28.考查名词从句。本句中sure后所带的从句中缺少主语。缺少主语要用what。句意：尽管科学家们不确定是什么造成了这种变化，但研究者认为这与降雨有关。故填what。

29.考查非谓语作结果状语。句意：美国各地的降雨总量发生了变化，导致东南部等地区每年降水量显著减少。由此可判断，前面的降雨量的变化，自然而然地导致了东南部等地降水量的减少，是可以推断出的结果，要用动词的ing形式作状语的，故填causing。

30.考查副词作状语修饰形容词。本句中的increasing作状语修饰形容词watery。修饰形容词要用副词形式，而increasing是形容词，因此要用其副词形式increasingly。

D

【答案】

31. heated  32. if/whether  33. included  34. on  35. are affected

36. Unfortunately 37. whose  38. believing  39. to satisfy 40. beautiful

【解析】这是一篇议论文。CCTV记者做了一份关于什么是幸福的问卷调查，不同的人给出了不同的看法，作者也给出了自己的看法。

31.考查形容词。句意：一位中央电视台记者通过问人们是否幸福在网民中激发了热烈的讨论。heated：热烈的，discussion是名词，用形容词作定语。故填heated。

32.考查连词。asking后的宾语从句缺少连词，根据语境用if/whether引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。故填if/whether。

33.考查过去分词。句意：对这个问题的回答五花八门，甚至包括一些相当有趣的回答。ones和include之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填included。

34.考查固定搭配。play jokes on：开……的玩笑，是固定搭配。故填on。

35.考查动词语态和时态。句意：毋庸置疑，人们对于幸福的看法很大程度上受他们的生活经验所影响。people’s views和affect之间是被动关系，且表示一般事实，要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are affected。

36.考查副词。句意：不幸的是，太多的人认为富有就是幸福。修饰句子要用副词。故填Unfortunately。

37.考查定语从句。先行词people在定语从句中作定语，用关系代词whose。故填whose。

38.考查现在分词。句意：相信那是他们幸福的所在。people与believe之间是主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故填believing。

39.考查动词不定式。句意：有些人宁愿触犯法律来满足他们的金钱欲望或非法敛财。此处动词不定式表示目的，作目的状语。故填to satisfy。

40.考查形容词。句意：幸福不仅仅是追求财富，而是欣赏生活中美丽的东西。 things是名词, 要用形容词修饰作定语。故填beautiful。