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江苏省连云港高级中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期第一次阶段试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份江苏省连云港高级中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期第一次阶段试题（Word版附解析），共30页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。
连云港高级中学2022-2023学年度高二上学期
第一次阶段测试英语试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the boy do first?
A. Play football. B. Go to the cinema. C. Finish his homework.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Dick, if you can finish your homework before 6:00, I will take you to the cinema.
M: I’m sure I can. But I’d like to go to the park to play football.
W: OK. But you must return home before 8:00.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is the necklace now?
A. In the sitting room. B. In the kitchen. C. In the bedroom.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Oh, dear. I can’t find my necklace now. I remember I put it in the sitting room.
M: It is in the bedroom. You left it here when our daughter called you to the kitchen.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman probably related to Henry?
A. His colleague. B. His wife. C. His boss.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Henry had never expected he would be awarded a holiday abroad. That’s awesome.
W: Work hard and you will have the luck. Our boss has always been friendly and generous to hard-working workers.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman going to do next?
A. Go to the restaurant. B. Type the document. C. See a dentist.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Emily. We’re going to Susie Q’s Restaurant for lunch. Do you want to come along?
W: Sorry, I can’t. I have to type the document for Scott. He’s having a dentist appointment.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean?
A. He missed the TV program.
B. He doesn’t like the program at all.
C. He experiences a power failure every night.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don’t think I ever laughed so hard.
M: Don’t even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power failure in my building.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why does the woman talk to the man?
A. To cancel their plan. B. To make an invitation. C. To ask for information.
7. What does the man decide to do this evening?
A. See a band show. B. Accompany his parents. C. Buy tickets online.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Mike. Do you have any plans for the weekend? I have an extra ticket for the Dawson Trio’s live performance at Capital Stadium. Would you like to join me?
M: I don’t know if I can. My parents are coming to town this weekend, so I need to spend time with them.
W: Well, if they like jazz, they might enjoy the show as well. Why don’t you go to the band’s website and see if there are more tickets available? Their shows often sell out, but you might be lucky.
M: All right, I’ll do that this evening. Thanks for the information.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What’s wrong with the woman’s room?
A. It’s not quiet. B. It’s a little dark. C. It’s smelly.
9. What is the woman’s final decision?
A. Moving to another room.
B. Checking in another hotel.
C. Waiting for a non-smoking room.
【答案】8. A 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Can I help you?
W: Yes. I’d like to move to another room, if possible.
M: Of course. Is there anything wrong with your room, madam?
W: Yes. It faces the street, so it’s pretty noisy.
M: I see. Let me check. Yes, I can move you to a room on the opposite side. That should be much quieter. But there’s no sunshine getting in, so it’s a little dark.
W: OK. And is it a non-smoking room?
M: I’m sorry, but it’s not. All of them are occupied at the moment.
W: That’s too bad. I hate the smell of smoke. But at least it will be quieter.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10 Whom does the woman choose jewelry for?
A. Herself. B. Her mother. C. Her friend.
11. What does the woman want to buy?
A. A ring of size 6 and a long necklace.
B. A ring of size 7 and a long necklace.
C. A ring of size 7 and a short necklace.
12. What do we know about the necklace?
A. Its price depends on its quality.
B. It’s cheaper than the ring.
C. The longer one is more expensive than the shorter one
【答案】10. B 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Good afternoon. Can I help you with anything?
W: Yeah. Can I look at this ring?
M: Sure. Let me get it out for you. What is your size?
W: I believe I’m a six. But I’m not choosing for myself. My mom’s birthday is coming, and one of my friends suggested I send her some jewelry. She is a seven.
M: I see. Here you go.
W: Do you have any necklace that would go well with this?
M: Actually, we have many to choose from. They are over there.
W: This necklace is a little short. Do you have one that is longer?
M: Yes. Why don’t you try this one on?
W: This one is much better. Can I try on the ring with this necklace?
M: Sure. Here you go.
W: If you don’t mind me asking, how much do they cost?
M: The ring is $1,500. But the necklace ranges from $600 to $3,000, which mainly depends on its quality. Of course its size and length also count.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. When can people enjoy the art exhibition?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Thursday.
14. How does this year’s ballet performance differ from that of last year?
A. Admission is free.
B. It will be at the theater.
C. There will be two performances.
15. Where will the mask party be held?
A. In the piazza. B. In the concert hall. C. In the theater.
16. How much is a family ticket for The Little Prince?
A. $8. B. $10. C. $15.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【详解】M: Next week, there will be an annual folk festival. A lot of programs will be showed then. Will you come?
W: Er, what programs are there this year?
M: There will be a free art exhibition on Monday. It will be held in the Art School, and I’ve heard that most of the works on the show are painted by the students in our town.
W: Really? I will go and see. Well, what else is on the program?
M: There are several traditional programs every year, such as ballet performance. But it is a little different from that of last year. This year there will be two performances at the theater, the first on Tuesday at 6:00 pm and the second on Thursday at the same time. This program is so popular that the audience need to book the tickets in advance.
W: Oh, I saw it last year. There were so many people at the theater that I could hardly see the dancer. Are there any other particular new programs?
M: Er, yes, there will be a mask party. It will be held on Friday evening. Everyone is welcome, but every participant should be dressed in fancy dress.
W: That’s funny. Where will it be held?
M: It was planned to be held in the piazza (广场), but now it has been changed to the concert hall.
W: Great. I will go. Er, are there any living theaters?
M: Yes, The Little Prince will be held on Wednesday. It is also at the theater. You can go to see it from 2:00 pm to 4:30 pm or 6:30 pm to 9:00 pm.
W: How much will the ticket cost?
M: Well, the ticket costs $10 for adults, $8 for students and seniors, and $15 for a family.
W: Excellent. I will go with my family.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Who usually reads the morning announcements?
A. Timmy. B. Mr. McKinney. C. Principal Johnson.
18. When is the last day of school?
A. May 20th. B. Next Wednesday. C. One month from today.
19. For what does the speaker apologize?
A. The library hours. B. The homework. C. The computers.
20. What will take place on Saturday afternoon?
A. A softball game. B. A basketball game. C. A baseball game.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, this is Principal Johnson with the morning announcements. Our usual reader Timmy is out sick today, so I’m reading in his place. I hope you’ve all had a great start to the week! This Monday has started out warm and sunny, so let’s hope it stays that way. I know we’ve had some strange weather in the last few weeks. We have just one month of school left before summer break, so make sure you’ve turned in all of your homework. The last day to turn in an assignment is Friday, May 20th. The last boys’ baseball game will be held at 6:00 pm this Wednesday. Please show up to support the team! If you’ve had problems using the computers in the library, they should be fixed by Thursday. We’re sorry for any trouble this may have caused. This evening, the girls’ softball team will be playing their last game, and over the weekend, the basketball team is playing McKinney School on Saturday afternoon. That’s it for the morning announcements. I hope everyone has a great Monday!
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
2022 Kids News Short Story Writing Competition
Welcome to the 2022 Kids News Short Story Writing Competition! It is an annual competition which starts at 9 am on Monday, September 5. If you have a creative mind and fantastic stories, hurry up and submit your story before October 28.
The competition is free and open to students from kindergarten to Grade 9. The competition has two age groups. For kids aged 11 years and over, their short story must be between 500 and 1, 000 words. For those aged 10 and under, their short story must be between 250 and 500 words. You are supposed to write a short story on any theme or topic of your choice.
The first prize winner of each age group will get 10 copies of their short story, which are published into a printed book with a personally designed cover, plus an iPad. There is also a book reader as a prize for the runner-up (亚军) and a HarperCollins book pack for the third winner in each age group.
Teachers can submit their students’ stories through the online entry form (参赛表格). A consent form (同意书), signed by the student’s parent or guardian, must be attached to the entry form.
Unless advertised differently, the prize winners will be informed by phone, email or mail at the end of the competition period and by no later than December 30. Winners’ names will be published on www. kidsnews.com.au.
21. On which day is the deadline for participating in the competition?
A. 5, September. B. 9, October. C. 28, October. D. 30, December.
22. How many words are suitable for a kindergarten kid to enter the competition?
A. 200. B. 300. C. 600. D. 700.
23. What do we know about the competition?
A. There is no fixed topic for kids’ writing.
B. The prize winners will not be made public.
C. We can know winners’ names after December 30.
D. Kids can’t attend it without teachers’ permission.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了2022年儿童新闻短篇小说创作大赛的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“If you have a creative mind and fantastic stories, hurry up and submit your story before October 28.(如果你有创意和精彩的故事，赶紧在10月28日前提交你的故事。)”可知，10月28日是最后期限。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For those aged 10 and under, their short story must be between 250 and 500 words.(对于10岁及以下的孩子，他们的短篇故事必须在250 - 500字之间。)”可知，10岁以下的孩子写的短篇故事要求字数在250-500之间。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话“You are supposed to write a short story on any theme or topic of your choice.(你可以根据你选择的任何主题写一篇短篇故事。)”可知，比赛不限定主题。故选A项。
B
Bill Bowerman was a track coach. He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learnt how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971.Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.
To make a lighter shoe, Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole, he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill dug through his wife Barbara's jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was defeated.
Then, one Sunday morning, Barbara made Bill waffles(华夫饼)for breakfast. Bill watched her cook.
He studied the criss-cross pattern on a waffle iron.
Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were flatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes hold any surface without tearing into it.
When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that, when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron---and the Waffle Trainer was born.
Bill’s company put the Waffle Trainer on market in 1974.It was a huge hit. Maybe you’ve heard of that company---it’s called Nike. And today it’s worth around $100 billion.
It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill’s life---and helped turn Nike into a well-known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table.
24. What shortcomings did the old-style running shoes have?
A. They were hard to wear. B. They were too large.
C. They were impractical. D. They were easy to break.
25. Where did Bill get the inspiration to invent the famous Waffle Trainer?
A. From the skins of the fish. B. From his wife’s jewelry.
C. From the colour of the iron. D. From his wife’s cooking tools.
26. What can we learn from Bill’s success?
A. A cheerful wife is the joy of life.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
D. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Waffles and Nike B. Inspiration and Invention
C. A Great Inventor D. A Well-Known Company
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bill Bowerman 决心设计一款新型轻便跑鞋,几经挫折,最后华夫饼的模具给了他设计灵感，最终诞生了新款耐克训练鞋，耐克公司也成为知名体育用品公司。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.“当时跑鞋很重。鞋底上有尖钉。铁钉撕裂了跑道，减慢了运动员的速度。”由此可知，老式跑鞋的缺点是不实用。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的第五段Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for.“灵感来了。华夫饼熨斗上的图案正是比尔要找的。”可知，Bill从妻子做华夫饼的模具中找到了制作新耐克鞋的灵感。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，Bill发现老式跑鞋的弊端，决心设计新款跑鞋，经过多次尝试改进，从1971年到1974年，用了三年时间终于完成第一款大受欢迎的耐克鞋。再根据最后一段“ It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table.”可知，这个发明的过程启示人们面对困难，只要不放弃、多钻研，定能找到解决的办法。故判断出我们能从比尔的成功中学到，有志者，事竟成。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Bill在设计新款耐克鞋的过程中多次受阻，但在妻子制作华夫饼时受到启发而突破了工作的瓶颈，让新款耐克鞋得以发明，华夫饼是新款耐克鞋诞生的关键转折点，由此可知A项Waffles and Nike（华夫饼和耐克）为最佳主题。故选A。
C
In a recent study, pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction, according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool.
The psychological response to pizza’s ingredient combinations is partially explained by the fact that highly processed foods like potato chips and pizza, with added amounts of fat, carbohydrates and salt, are most associated with behavioral indicators of addiction, such as loss of control over consumption and continued consumption despite negative consequences, according to Erica M. Schulte, a doctor in psychology at the University of Michigan who led the study. The combination of pizza’s ingredients “seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive-like eating behaviors," Schulte explained.
In fact, another recent study found that the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than either alone. “There is likely something more rewarding in the combinations of those ingredients that can result in an addictive process in some individuals,” Schulte said.
Perhaps it’s a survival mechanism. “If you were really starving, pizza is a type of food that would be totally enough to stop your hunger. The fat gives you satiety, the sugar is satisfying, and the salt is going to keep you alive,” Civille said.
Herbert Stone, a sensory scientist for 50 years, has worked with some of the nation’s top pizza companies in order to increase pizza’s appeal to consumers. “That combination, when heated, has enormous appeal,” he said. “It’s addictive because there is nothing bad about it. There is nothing not to like.”
28. What might be the cause of pizza addiction according to Schulte?
A. The materials for making pizza. B. The way it is prepared.
C. The pleasant taste and smell. D. The energy it provides.
29. What does “either” refer to in paragraph 3?
A. One of the two studies. B. Carbohydrates or fat.
C. Pizza or potato chips. D. Pizza or other processed foods.
30. Why would pizza companies work with Herbert?
A. To make pizza more nutritious. B. To make their pizza more popular.
C. To study how to prepare pizza. D. To fight against pizza addiction.
31. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A travel brochure.
C. A research paper. D. A health magazine.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为与上瘾症状最相关的食物。文章主要说明了导致披萨上瘾背后的原因以及披萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高披萨对消费者的吸引力。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The combination of pizza’s ingredients “seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive-like eating behaviors," Schulte explained.(舒尔特解释说，披萨配料的组合“似乎特别有益，而且不会同时出现在自然界的食物中，这可能会导致它与上瘾的饮食行为有关。”)”可知，舒尔特认为，制作披萨的材料可能是导致披萨上瘾的原因。故选A。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than”可知，研究发现，脂肪和碳水化合物的结合似乎比碳水化合物或脂肪中任何一种都更能提高高度加工食品的奖赏潜力。故画线词指的是“碳水化合物或脂肪”。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Herbert Stone, a sensory scientist for 50 years, has worked with some of the nation’s top pizza companies in order to increase pizza’s appeal to consumers.(赫伯特·斯通是一名有50年经验感官科学家，他与美国一些顶级披萨公司合作，以提高披萨对消费者的吸引力)”可知，披萨公司要和赫伯特合作是为了让他们的披萨更受欢迎。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In a recent study, pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction, according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool.(在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为与上瘾症状最相关的食物)”结合文章主要说明了导致披萨上瘾背后的原因以及披萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高披萨对消费者的吸引力。可推知，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选D。
D
A self-driving Uber vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in a late-night accident in Tempe, Arizona, police said on Monday. The accident is believed to be the first pedestrian death involving the technology of autonomous vehicles.
The gray SUV had an operator in the driver’s seat and was traveling at about 40 miles per hour in autonomous mode when it struck a woman who was walking across the street late Sunday night, Tempe police said. The pedestrian was rushed to a hospital, where she was pronounced dead from her injuries.
“The City of Tempe has been supportive of autonomous vehicle testing because of the innovation and promise that the technology may offer in many areas, including transportation options for disabled residents and seniors,” Tempe Mayor, Mitchell said in the statement. “Testing must occur safely. All indications we have had in the past show that traffic laws are being obeyed by the companies testing here. Our city leadership and Tempe police will pursue any and all answers to what happened in order to ensure safety moving forward.”
Self-driving cars have been praised by technology companies as the wave of the future. Autonomous cars are already being in more than 30 cities around the world, with companies investing more than $80 billion into research and development.
“Everyone recognized that someone was going to die in a crash involving an autonomous vehicle eventually,” Bryant Walker Smith, a law professor at the University of South Carolina who studies risks in automated driving systems, told NBC News. “As good as that technology tries to be, mistakes can happen, or it may be one of the small fraction of crashes. I just think everybody kind of hoped that one wouldn’t come this soon.”
Smith added that because federal and state agencies don’t have the resources to monitor individual vehicles, the responsibility for safety falls on the individual companies running the technology.
The National Transportation Safety Board announced that a four-person team has been sent to Tempe to investigate the crash.
32. Which of the following is true about the accident?
A. The woman was dead on the spot.
B. The accident is under investigation.
C. The driver was arrested for speeding.
D. It is the first accident caused by autonomous vehicles.
33. Why does the City of Tempe support autonomous vehicle testing?
A. The autonomous vehicle can make transportation safer.
B. A large profit will be brought by the autonomous vehicles.
C. The autonomous vehicles will help disabled residents and seniors.
D. Companies invest more than $80 billion into research and development.
34. According to Bryant Walker Smith, who should take the responsibility of the safety of individual self-driving vehicles?
A. The driver. B. The pedestrian.
C. The individual companies. D. The federal and state agency.
35. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Tempe is in favor of autonomous vehicle testing.
B. Autonomous vehicles have a lot of disadvantages.
C. Companies should take action to improve self-driving cars.
D. A self-driving Uber car caused a pedestrian’s death in Arizona.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车深夜在亚利桑那州坦佩市发生交通事故，撞死了一名行人，文章还讲述了自动驾驶汽车的发展。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our city leadership and Tempe police will pursue any and all answers to what happened in order to ensure safety moving forward(我们的城市领导和坦佩警方将对发生的一切进行调查，以确保安全继续向前发展)”可知，此次案件的调查仍在进行之中。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The City of Tempe has been supportive of autonomous vehicle testing because of the innovation and promise that the technology may offer in many areas, including transportation options for disabled residents and seniors(坦佩市一直支持自动驾驶汽车测试，因为该技术可能在许多地区提供创新和承诺，包括为残疾居民和老年人提供交通选择)”可知，坦佩市支持自动驾驶汽车测试的原因就是自动驾驶汽车可以给残疾居民和老年人带来便利。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Smith added that because federal and state agencies don’t have the resources to monitor individual vehicles, the responsibility for safety falls on the individual companies running the technology(史密斯补充说，由于联邦和州机构没有足够的资源来监控单个车辆，安全责任就落在了运营该技术的个人公司身上)”可知，史密斯认为此次责任应该在个人公司。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A self-driving Uber vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in a late-night accident in Tempe, Arizona, police said on Monday(警方周一表示，一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车深夜在亚利桑那州坦佩市发生事故，撞死一名行人)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车在亚利桑那州造成一名行人死亡一事。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____36____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____37____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___38___
Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____39____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
___40___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.
A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.
C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.
E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?
F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.
G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
【答案】36. A 37. E 38. G 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法：勇于质疑、会移情，为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。
【36题详解】
本段是对批判性思维的定义。根据空前“It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.(这并不是你思考的更久或更长)”可知，批判性思维并不是你思考的更久或更长，空处应是接着进行解释“而是……”，选项A“实际上，它是关于更好地思考”符合语境，“不是……而是……”是一种常用的解释，故选A项。
【37题详解】
根据空后“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.(那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建)”可推断，需要重建说明假设是错误的，分析选项，E项“但是如果它们被证明是错误的，或者至少不是完全真实的呢？”符合语境，与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据本段首句“Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself.(在你自己调查之前，不要轻信权威人士的信息)”及空前一句“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.(但它也使我们无法弄清我们认为来自可靠来源的事情的真相，即使事实并非如此)”可知，本段主要讲不要轻信权威，我们认为来自权威来源的信息有时事实并非如此，分析选项可知，G项“所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的”符合语境，因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故选G项。
【39题详解】
根据本段主题句“Put yourself in other people’s shoes.(设身处地为别人着想)”可知，本段主要讲述要设身处地为别人着想，结合空后“You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior.(你可能会发现，些许的理解有助于更深入地了解他人及其行为)”可知，D项“不理解别人时不要评价别人”与此处语义一致，D项选中的动词understand与空后的名词understanding呼应。故选D项。
【40题详解】
空处是本段主题句，根据本段最后一句“If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.(如果你想知道如何培养关键技能，和聪明的人交朋友，抛弃你的自负)”可知，本段主要讲要与聪明的人在一起，分析选项可知B项“和比你更聪明的在一起”符合题意。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共二节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One of the greatest things about getting out of the city is heading into nature and really communing with (与……融为一体) the Earth and wildlife. But sometimes, the _____41_____ finds its way into the city.
A man named Tom Bell lives in London. When he went up to his rooftop to take a break one day, he realized he wasn’t alone . But don’t worry. His ____42____ was of the fuzzy (毛茸茸的) variety. A wild fox had made its way up to the roof just in time to _____43_____ the sunset. It was getting ____44____ and cold, but fortunately, there was a blanket laid out and ready for it! The tired fox just wanted to have a sleep.
Tom quickly ____45____ the event online with the world and received many likes. People were obviously _______46_______ by the truly unbothered fox. ______47______ the lucky man, the fox got up there through the fire escape. A man named Steve even played it some music to make sure the fox had the _______48_______ evening!
In fact, London is home to many foxes, _______49_______ not all of them are this cute and beautiful. They’ve come to be called urban foxes and they began to make themselves ________50________ in London back in the 1930s when the city’ s growth started ________51________ their natural territory (领地)．And they live in cities all over England. It is supposed that there’s a population of about 33,000 urban foxes in total in the country.
Once Tom shared his _________52_________ house guest, others around London also started _________53_________ photos of their urban foxes! Well, it’s probably safe to say that we’re a little envious (羡慕的) of these lucky persons and their fuzzy visitors. It is _________54_________ to see that people and the wilderness can live together _________55_________ .
41. A. sunlight B. road C. photo D. wilderness
42. A. visitor B. neighbor C. friend D. audience
43. A. overlook B. follow C. catch D. mark
44. A. wet B. quiet C. risky D. dark
45. A. read B. found C. shared D. checked
46. A. encouraged B. attracted C. confused D. supported
47. A. Because of B. According to C. Instead of D. Expect for
48. A. perfect B. eventful C. stormy D. final
49. A. if B. and C. or D. but
50. A. out of danger B. above average C. on the site D. at home
51. A. enlarging B. entering C. surrounding D. dividing
52. A. imaginary B. trusted C. lifelong D. beloved
53. A. posting B. collecting C. editing D. printing
54. A. amusing B. important C. amazing D. common
55. A. legally B. peacefully C. informally D. confidently
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了住在伦敦的Tom 无意之中在自家房顶上发现了一只城市狐狸，并且把这件事分享到了网络上，引起了很多人也分享了自己遇到狐狸的故事，体现了人与自然的和谐共处。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开城市最棒的事情之一就是走进大自然，真正地与地球和野生动物交流。但有时，大自然也会以自己的方式存在于城市里。A. sunlight阳光；B. road道路；C. photo照片；D. wilderness荒野。根据前面的“But sometimes”可知，上下文有转折关系，人类可以到大自然中去，但大自然也可以存在于城市。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的拜访者是一只毛茸茸的品种。A. visitor拜访者；B. neighbor邻居；C. friend朋友；D. audience听众，观众。根据最后一段“Well, it’s probably safe to say that we’re a little envious(羡慕的) of these lucky persons and their fuzzy visitors.”可知，这里说的狐狸是一个拜访者。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只野狐狸爬上了屋顶，正好赶上观看日落。A. overlook忽视；B. follow跟随；C. catch观看；D. mark标记。根据前面的“in time”可知，狐狸正好赶上观看日落。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天气逐渐暗下来并且冷起来，但幸运的是，有一个毯子铺开且为它准备好了!疲惫的狐狸只想睡一觉。A. wet潮湿的；B. quiet安静的；C. risky有危险的；D. dark黑暗的，昏暗的。根据前面的“A wild fox had made its way up to the roof just in time to catch the sunset.”可知，这里说的是日落之后的天气，日落之后天空暗下来。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tom很快在网上分享了这件事并且得到了许多的点赞。A. read阅读；B. found发现；C. shared分享；D. checked 检查，核对。根据“and received many likes”可知，Tom肯定是在网络上分享了这件事。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们显然被这只不打扰人的狐狸所吸引了。A. encouraged鼓励；B. attracted吸引；C. confused困惑；D. supported支持。根据“and received many likes”可知，Tom在网络上分享了这件事，吸引了很多的人。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查连词短语辨析。句意：根据这个幸运的人的说法，这只狐狸是通过防火梯爬上去的。A. Because of由于；B. According to根据；C. Instead of代替，而不是；D. Expect for除了。这里指的是Tom分享了狐狸的事情，并说狐狸是从消防梯爬上去的。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个名叫史蒂夫的人甚至给它放了一些音乐，以确保狐狸有一个完美的晚上! A. perfect 完美的；B. eventful充满大事的，多变故的；C. stormy有暴风雨的，激烈的；D. final最后的。根据前面的“A man named Steve even played it some music”可知，放音乐是为了让狐狸更加的享受和放松。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：事实上，伦敦有很多狐狸，但并不是所有的狐狸都这么可爱和漂亮。A. if如果；B. and和，而且；C. or或者，否则；D. but但是，然而。根据后面的“not all of them are this cute and beautiful”可知，这里是表示转折。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们被称为城市狐狸，早在20世纪30年代，当伦敦开始发展并且当城市的发展开始进入他们的自然领地的时候，他们就开始在伦敦安家落户。A. out of danger脱离危险；B. above average平均以上；在一般水准以上；C. on the site现场；D. at home在家，在国内。根据上文“They’ve come to be called urban foxes”可知，狐狸开始在伦敦安家落户。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被称为城市狐狸，早在20世纪30年代，当伦敦开始发展并且当城市的发展开始进入他们的自然领地的时候，他们就开始在伦敦安家落户。A. enlarging扩大；B. entering进入；C. surrounding围绕；D. dividing分开。结合常识和“the city’ s growth”可推知，城市的扩张进入到了狐狸的自然领土。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤姆一分享了他心爱的住客，伦敦周围的其他人也开始上传他们的城市狐狸的照片! A. imaginary想象的，虚构的；B. trusted可信的，可靠的；C. lifelong终身的；D. beloved钟爱的。根据前文“but not all of them are this cute and beautiful”可知，狐狸很可爱，Tom非常钟爱它。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：汤姆一分享了他心爱的住客，伦敦周围的其他人也开始上传他们的城市狐狸的照片! A. posting上传；B. collecting收集，收藏；C. editing编辑；D. printing打印。根据前文“Tom quickly shared the event online with the world and received many likes”可知，这里所说的分享都是指在网络上上传。故选A项。
54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到人类与自然能够和谐地相处是很令人惊叹的。A. amusing逗人发笑的，有趣的；B. important重要的；C. amazing令人惊叹的；D. common 共同的，普遍的。根据常识可知，人类与自然和谐共处是一件了不起的事情。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到人与自然能够和谐地相处是很令人惊叹的。A. legally合法地；B. peacefully平静地；C. informally非正式地；D. confidently 自信地。根据文章理解，这里是说狐狸和人类和谐相处。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City ____56____ (know) for being full of Chinese cultural and historical relics. But Masters in the Forbidden City does not just focus on the stories of the past. Instead, the documentary movie, ____57____ came out in Chinese cinemas on Dec.16, ____58____ ( focus) on ordinary people who are the restorers（修复者）of relics and antiquities（古董）.
The stories are told ____59____ a slow and relaxed pace, ____60____ (reflect) the restorers' work. Restoration of cultural relics and antiques can be time-consuming, and sometimes boring. Yet these restorers' patience and peace of mind are ____61____ (especial) precious in a society where everything is changing so fast.
An touching part of the documentary is ____62____ spirit of craftsmanship（工艺）in the restorers. ____63____ (year) of repeated boring work requires, not only skill, but also faith and spirit. Masters in the Forbidden City has proved wrong many people's ideas about antique restorers, allowing them ____64____ ( realize) that they are not old, dull professors, but people in _____65_____ ( they) 40s, 30s and even 20s who can be quite pleasing to the eye.
The documentary has even made' some young people ask the question, “Is it too late L to 6 change my job?”
【答案】56. is known
57. which 58. focuses
59. at 60. reflecting
61. especially
62. the 63. Years
64. to realize
65. their
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的主要内容并赞扬了这部影片反映出的中国古董修复师的工匠精神。
【56题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：紫禁城里因为装满了中国文化和历史遗迹而有名。固定搭配be known for意为“因……而闻名”；此处陈述的是客观事实，应用般现在时； 且主语“The Forbidden City”是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填is known.
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：相反，在12月16日在中国电影院上映的纪录片，主要讲述了一些平凡的人，他们是修复遗迹和古董的修复者。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the documentary movie”，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：相反，在12月16日在中国电影院上映的纪录片，主要讲述了一些平凡的人，他们是修复遗迹和古董的修复者。分析句子结构可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语“the documentary movie”是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填focuses。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些故事以一个平缓放松的步伐来讲述，反映了修复者的工作。固定搭配at a……pace意为“以……速度、步伐”。故填at。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事以一个平缓放松的步伐来讲述，反映了修复者的工作。分析句子结构可知，动词reflect与逻辑主语“The stories”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填reflecting。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而这些修复者的耐心和内心的平静在如今一切都在变化的社会尤其珍贵。此处应用副词修饰形容词“precious”。 故填especially。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个纪录片令人感动的部分是修复者们工艺精神。此处特指纪录片中修复师的工艺精神，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【63题详解】
考查名词的单复数。句意：多年重复无聊的工作要求的不仅是技术还有信念和精神。year为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，故此处表示复数概念，意为“多年”。故填Years。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城的大师们已经证明许多人们关于古董修复者的观点是错误的，使得人们知道这些修复者并不是年老和无趣的教授，而是40多岁，30多岁甚至20多岁的长得好看的人们。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to realize。
【65题详解】
考查代词。句意：紫禁城的大师们已经证明许多人们关于古董修复者的观点是错误的，使得人们知道这些修复者并不是年老和无趣的教授，而是40多岁，30多岁甚至20多岁的长得好看的人们。根据空格后的“40s, 30s and even 20s”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，表示在他们的40岁、30岁甚至是20岁。故填their。
第四部分：基础知识考查(共三节，满分25分)
第一节 课内文章语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Poetry is a ____66____(combine) of “sound” and “sense”. First, you can read a poem aloud to detect rhythms, rhymes or other special effects. Next, ask some basic questions about it and find out ____67____the images in it refer to through exploring our surroundings. Then, be patient when exploring it. Finally, remember that it is unnecessary to fully understand the poem when ____68____ (appreciate) its inner beauty.
In China, LI Bai is widely recognized as one of the greatest romantic poets. He showed his talent for writing romantic poems when he was young.
On the one hand, the formation of Li Bai’s romantic style benefited from his love of reading and travelling. From the classics to ancient philosophies, from legends to historical stories, this young man familiarized himself with classical Chinese culture and the ____69____(wise) of previous generations. ____70____ his early twenties, he left home and began his travels, during ____71____ he developed a love of nature and ____72____( inspire) to write numerous poems in the romantic style.
On the other hand, the social and historical context also played an important role in the development of Li Bai’s romantic style. ____73____(grow) up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, LI Bai developed a free and unconstrained personality, which strongly influenced his poetic production.
The majority of Li Bai’s poems are in the romantic style and rich in imagination and free expression of strong feelings. However, all of them would be less functional ____74____ the use of artistic techniques such as exaggeration and metaphor.
Li Bai’s poems have inspired generations of poets both at home and abroad. American poet Pound is one of them. Today, LI Bai’s poetry continues to _____75_____(enjoy) by a large number of readers all over the world.
【答案】66. combination
67. what 68. appreciating
69. wisdom 70. In
71. which 72. was inspired
73. Growing
74. without
75. be enjoyed
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了李白诗歌的写作风格——浪漫主义风格。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：诗是“音”与“感”的结合。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处填入可数名词combination的单数形式来作表语。故填combination。
【67题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：接下来，问一些关于它的基本问题，并通过探索我们周围的环境来找出其中的图像指的是什么。跟在动词短语find out之后，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，refer to后缺宾语表示“什么”含义，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
【68题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：最后，记住，在欣赏诗的内在美时，完全理解诗是不必要的。在状语从句中，状语从句的主语和句子的主语相同，且有be动词时，则可省略主语和be动词。此处为省略句，即从句完整形式为when you are appreciating its inner beauty。故填appreciating。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：从经典到古代哲学，从传说到历史故事，这个年轻人熟悉了中国古典文化和前人的智慧。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词wisdom来作介词with的宾语，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
【70题详解】
考查介词。句意：在他二十出头的时候，他离开了家，开始了他的旅行，在此期间，他对自然产生了热爱，并受到启发写了许多浪漫主义风格的诗歌。固定用法in one’s twenties(在某人二十几岁时)。故填In。
【71题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词his travel是物，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【72题详解】
考查时态语态。句意见第五题。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。结合空格前的developed可知，此处用一般过去时。主语I和inspire之间为被动关系。故填was inspired。
【73题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：李白生长在唐朝最辉煌的时期，他的性格无拘无束，这对他的诗歌创作产生了强烈的影响。句子有谓语动词developed和unconstrained，所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词grow和其逻辑主语LiBai之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Growing。
【74题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，如果没有夸张和隐喻等艺术手法的运用，所有这些作品的功能都将大打折扣。此句为含蓄型虚拟语气，此处表达“如果没有夸张和隐喻等艺术手法的运用”，所以用without。故填without。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，李白的诗歌继续为世界各地的大量读者所喜爱。continue to do sth.译为“继续做某事”。结合句意以及空格后的by可知，此处表示“被广大读者喜爱”，所以用不定式的被动式来作动词continue的宾语。故填be enjoyed。
第二节 根据首字母或汉语意思，拼写单词(注意用正确的形式) (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
76. Li Bai visited famous mountains and great rivers, e ________ different customs and practices.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】encountering##ncountering
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：李白游览了名山大川，遇到了不同的风俗习惯。根据Li Bai visited famous mountains and great rivers和different customs and practices可知，句子表示“李白游览了名山大川，遇到了不同的风俗习惯”，因此空格处意为“遇到”，由首字母提示e可知，是encounter，句中谓语是visited，空格处用非谓语形式，Li Bai和encounter之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填encountering。
77. It is natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are c________ by the romantic style. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】characterized##haracterized
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查被动语态与动词短语。句意：不难看出，李白的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。根据语境，主语poems与动词characterize构成语法上的被动关系，且根据by的提示，可知此处应用被动语态；固定短语be characterized by意为“具有……的特性；以……为特征”，符合句意，故填characterized。
78. What he said is ________ (相互矛盾的) to what he did. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他所说的与他所做的相矛盾。根据汉语提示可知，contradictory相互矛盾的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填contradictory。
79. The letter was not addressed to me but I opened it out of c_________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这封信不是写给我的，但我出于好奇打开了它。固定搭配out of curiosity（出于好奇心），用名词curiosity（好奇心）。故填curiosity。
80. By 9:45 that morning, the fire had e________ to the 15th floor. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】extended##xtended
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：到那天早上9点45分，大火已经蔓延到15楼。结合句意可知，用过去完成时，所以had后接动词的过去分词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填extended。
第三节 (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
选择正确的短语完成句子(注意用正确的形式，每个短语只能用一次)
be committed to; sum up; bring sth. to light; dig up; make allowance for
81. As a good journalist, it is our duty to have the truth ________.
82. If you want to get ahead in life, you must ________ achieving your dreams
83. To ________, being a good journalist requires writing skills, curiosity and commitment to finding the truth.
84. Now in these two books we’ve seen Milton ________ and abandon just about the entire tradition of epic poetry.
85. ________ his poor health, his teacher allowed him to get at school later than his classmates.
【答案】81. brought to light
82. be committed to
83. sum up 84. dig up
85. making allowance for
【解析】
【81题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名优秀的记者，揭露真相是我们的责任。动词短语bring sth. to light意为“揭露……真相”符合句意，由句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作宾语补足语，与空前的the truth 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应填过去分词形式brought to light。故填brought to light。
【82题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你想在生活中取得成功，你必须致力于实现你的梦想。短语be committed to意为“献身于，致力于”符合句意，由句子结构分析可知，此空在句中作谓语动词，由空前的must可知此空be committed to中的be动词用原形，故填be committed to。
【83题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：总之，成为一名优秀的记者需要写作技巧、好奇心和寻找真相的决心。结合句意和句子结构分析可知，固定短语 to sum up意为“总之，总而言之”符合句意，其一般放在句首，与句子其他成分用逗号隔开，用于引出下文的总结性话语。句中设空处前文由to，所以该空填sum up。故填sum up。
【84题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，在这两本书中我们看到弥尔顿挖出并丢弃了所有史诗的传统。句子结构分析可知，____ and abandon just about the entire tradition of epic poetry在句子中作宾语补足句，设空处与abandon并列，应为动词。dig up意为“挖出，挖掘，发现”为动词短语，符合句意。结合句意可知本句为“看到某人做了某事”，用固定搭配see sb do sth，即不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填dig up。
【85题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：体谅到他身体不好，老师允许他比同学晚到校。动词短语make allowance for意为“（因某原因需区别对待而）体谅﹑照顾某人”符合句意；由句子结构分析可知，____ his poor health在句中作原因状语，句子主语his teacher与短语动词make allowance for构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词形式making allowance for。故填making allowance for。
第五部分 应用文写作 (满分15分)
86. 你是李华，你的朋友李明给你写信倾诉他的困惑。在日常生活中，他每天通过网络报纸户外媒体等接收到大量的信息，但不知道如何成为一名有判断力的读者。请你给他写一封回信，告诉他你对这个问题的看法。信件包括如下内容：
1.获取有效信息的重要性
2.对于相同的事件产生不同报道的原因
3.成为一名有判断力读者的做法
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右，信件的开头和结尾已经给，不计入总词数；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
Dear Li Ming,
I am glad to receive your letter!
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Li Ming,
I am glad to receive your letter! In your letter, you were at a loss how to be an acute reader with so much information flooding into our lives through online newspapers, outdoor media and other media every day.
Without doubt, the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news. But meanwhile some false news and information also get the chance to spread wildly, which cause some harm to us. Therefore, it’s of vital importance to obtain the effective and useful news. Different people may have different attitudes towards the same thing, because people see things from different angles. So I’d like to give you some advice on how to be a reader with good judgement. First, you should judge whether it comes from the government or other authorities. Secondly, it is important that you should identify the content of the news carefully. Thirdly, you should consider the value of the news carefully, not misled by too much junk and false news.
I hope what I say may help you a little.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友李明写一封回信，就他如何成为一名有判断力的读者的困惑给他做出解释并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困惑的：at a loss→confused
毫无疑问：without doubt→undoubtedly
机会：chance→opportunity
很重要：be of vital importance→be vitally important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without doubt, the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news.
拓展句：There is no doubt that the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In your letter, you were at a loss how to be an acute reader with so much information flooding into our lives through online newspapers, outdoor media and other media every day.（运用了with的复合结构）
【高分句型2】First, you should judge whether it comes from the government or other authorities.（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）
连云港高级中学2022-2023学年度高二上学期
第一次阶段测试英语试卷
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What will the boy do first?
A. Play football. B. Go to the cinema. C. Finish his homework.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Dick, if you can finish your homework before 6:00, I will take you to the cinema.
M: I’m sure I can. But I’d like to go to the park to play football.
W: OK. But you must return home before 8:00.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where is the necklace now?
A. In the sitting room. B. In the kitchen. C. In the bedroom.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: Oh, dear. I can’t find my necklace now. I remember I put it in the sitting room.
M: It is in the bedroom. You left it here when our daughter called you to the kitchen.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman probably related to Henry?
A. His colleague. B. His wife. C. His boss.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Henry had never expected he would be awarded a holiday abroad. That’s awesome.
W: Work hard and you will have the luck. Our boss has always been friendly and generous to hard-working workers.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What is the woman going to do next?
A. Go to the restaurant. B. Type the document. C. See a dentist.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hey, Emily. We’re going to Susie Q’s Restaurant for lunch. Do you want to come along?
W: Sorry, I can’t. I have to type the document for Scott. He’s having a dentist appointment.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the man mean?
A. He missed the TV program.
B. He doesn’t like the program at all.
C. He experiences a power failure every night.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Did you watch that comedy special on TV last night? I don’t think I ever laughed so hard.
M: Don’t even talk to me about it. The only night I really wanted to watch something and we had a power failure in my building.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. Why does the woman talk to the man?
A. To cancel their plan. B. To make an invitation. C. To ask for information.
7. What does the man decide to do this evening?
A. See a band show. B. Accompany his parents. C. Buy tickets online.
【答案】6. B 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Mike. Do you have any plans for the weekend? I have an extra ticket for the Dawson Trio’s live performance at Capital Stadium. Would you like to join me?
M: I don’t know if I can. My parents are coming to town this weekend, so I need to spend time with them.
W: Well, if they like jazz, they might enjoy the show as well. Why don’t you go to the band’s website and see if there are more tickets available? Their shows often sell out, but you might be lucky.
M: All right, I’ll do that this evening. Thanks for the information.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What’s wrong with the woman’s room?
A. It’s not quiet. B. It’s a little dark. C. It’s smelly.
9. What is the woman’s final decision?
A. Moving to another room.
B. Checking in another hotel.
C. Waiting for a non-smoking room.
【答案】8. A 9. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Can I help you?
W: Yes. I’d like to move to another room, if possible.
M: Of course. Is there anything wrong with your room, madam?
W: Yes. It faces the street, so it’s pretty noisy.
M: I see. Let me check. Yes, I can move you to a room on the opposite side. That should be much quieter. But there’s no sunshine getting in, so it’s a little dark.
W: OK. And is it a non-smoking room?
M: I’m sorry, but it’s not. All of them are occupied at the moment.
W: That’s too bad. I hate the smell of smoke. But at least it will be quieter.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10 Whom does the woman choose jewelry for?
A. Herself. B. Her mother. C. Her friend.
11. What does the woman want to buy?
A. A ring of size 6 and a long necklace.
B. A ring of size 7 and a long necklace.
C. A ring of size 7 and a short necklace.
12. What do we know about the necklace?
A. Its price depends on its quality.
B. It’s cheaper than the ring.
C. The longer one is more expensive than the shorter one
【答案】10. B 11. B 12. A
【解析】
【原文】M: Good afternoon. Can I help you with anything?
W: Yeah. Can I look at this ring?
M: Sure. Let me get it out for you. What is your size?
W: I believe I’m a six. But I’m not choosing for myself. My mom’s birthday is coming, and one of my friends suggested I send her some jewelry. She is a seven.
M: I see. Here you go.
W: Do you have any necklace that would go well with this?
M: Actually, we have many to choose from. They are over there.
W: This necklace is a little short. Do you have one that is longer?
M: Yes. Why don’t you try this one on?
W: This one is much better. Can I try on the ring with this necklace?
M: Sure. Here you go.
W: If you don’t mind me asking, how much do they cost?
M: The ring is $1,500. But the necklace ranges from $600 to $3,000, which mainly depends on its quality. Of course its size and length also count.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. When can people enjoy the art exhibition?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Thursday.
14. How does this year’s ballet performance differ from that of last year?
A. Admission is free.
B. It will be at the theater.
C. There will be two performances.
15. Where will the mask party be held?
A. In the piazza. B. In the concert hall. C. In the theater.
16. How much is a family ticket for The Little Prince?
A. $8. B. $10. C. $15.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【详解】M: Next week, there will be an annual folk festival. A lot of programs will be showed then. Will you come?
W: Er, what programs are there this year?
M: There will be a free art exhibition on Monday. It will be held in the Art School, and I’ve heard that most of the works on the show are painted by the students in our town.
W: Really? I will go and see. Well, what else is on the program?
M: There are several traditional programs every year, such as ballet performance. But it is a little different from that of last year. This year there will be two performances at the theater, the first on Tuesday at 6:00 pm and the second on Thursday at the same time. This program is so popular that the audience need to book the tickets in advance.
W: Oh, I saw it last year. There were so many people at the theater that I could hardly see the dancer. Are there any other particular new programs?
M: Er, yes, there will be a mask party. It will be held on Friday evening. Everyone is welcome, but every participant should be dressed in fancy dress.
W: That’s funny. Where will it be held?
M: It was planned to be held in the piazza (广场), but now it has been changed to the concert hall.
W: Great. I will go. Er, are there any living theaters?
M: Yes, The Little Prince will be held on Wednesday. It is also at the theater. You can go to see it from 2:00 pm to 4:30 pm or 6:30 pm to 9:00 pm.
W: How much will the ticket cost?
M: Well, the ticket costs $10 for adults, $8 for students and seniors, and $15 for a family.
W: Excellent. I will go with my family.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. Who usually reads the morning announcements?
A. Timmy. B. Mr. McKinney. C. Principal Johnson.
18. When is the last day of school?
A. May 20th. B. Next Wednesday. C. One month from today.
19. For what does the speaker apologize?
A. The library hours. B. The homework. C. The computers.
20. What will take place on Saturday afternoon?
A. A softball game. B. A basketball game. C. A baseball game.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hello, this is Principal Johnson with the morning announcements. Our usual reader Timmy is out sick today, so I’m reading in his place. I hope you’ve all had a great start to the week! This Monday has started out warm and sunny, so let’s hope it stays that way. I know we’ve had some strange weather in the last few weeks. We have just one month of school left before summer break, so make sure you’ve turned in all of your homework. The last day to turn in an assignment is Friday, May 20th. The last boys’ baseball game will be held at 6:00 pm this Wednesday. Please show up to support the team! If you’ve had problems using the computers in the library, they should be fixed by Thursday. We’re sorry for any trouble this may have caused. This evening, the girls’ softball team will be playing their last game, and over the weekend, the basketball team is playing McKinney School on Saturday afternoon. That’s it for the morning announcements. I hope everyone has a great Monday!
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
2022 Kids News Short Story Writing Competition
Welcome to the 2022 Kids News Short Story Writing Competition! It is an annual competition which starts at 9 am on Monday, September 5. If you have a creative mind and fantastic stories, hurry up and submit your story before October 28.
The competition is free and open to students from kindergarten to Grade 9. The competition has two age groups. For kids aged 11 years and over, their short story must be between 500 and 1, 000 words. For those aged 10 and under, their short story must be between 250 and 500 words. You are supposed to write a short story on any theme or topic of your choice.
The first prize winner of each age group will get 10 copies of their short story, which are published into a printed book with a personally designed cover, plus an iPad. There is also a book reader as a prize for the runner-up (亚军) and a HarperCollins book pack for the third winner in each age group.
Teachers can submit their students’ stories through the online entry form (参赛表格). A consent form (同意书), signed by the student’s parent or guardian, must be attached to the entry form.
Unless advertised differently, the prize winners will be informed by phone, email or mail at the end of the competition period and by no later than December 30. Winners’ names will be published on www. kidsnews.com.au.
21. On which day is the deadline for participating in the competition?
A. 5, September. B. 9, October. C. 28, October. D. 30, December.
22. How many words are suitable for a kindergarten kid to enter the competition?
A. 200. B. 300. C. 600. D. 700.
23. What do we know about the competition?
A. There is no fixed topic for kids’ writing.
B. The prize winners will not be made public.
C. We can know winners’ names after December 30.
D. Kids can’t attend it without teachers’ permission.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是一则广告，介绍了2022年儿童新闻短篇小说创作大赛的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句话“If you have a creative mind and fantastic stories, hurry up and submit your story before October 28.(如果你有创意和精彩的故事，赶紧在10月28日前提交你的故事。)”可知，10月28日是最后期限。故选C项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“For those aged 10 and under, their short story must be between 250 and 500 words.(对于10岁及以下的孩子，他们的短篇故事必须在250 - 500字之间。)”可知，10岁以下的孩子写的短篇故事要求字数在250-500之间。故选B项。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话“You are supposed to write a short story on any theme or topic of your choice.(你可以根据你选择的任何主题写一篇短篇故事。)”可知，比赛不限定主题。故选A项。
B
Bill Bowerman was a track coach. He wanted to help athletes run faster. So he had learnt how to make running shoes. He had also started a shoe company with a friend. It was 1971.Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.
To make a lighter shoe, Bill tried the skins of fish. To make a better sole, he wanted to replace the spikes. Bill dug through his wife Barbara's jewelry box. He hoped to find a piece of jewelry with an interesting pattern. He would then copy the pattern onto the new soles. Nothing worked. Bill was defeated.
Then, one Sunday morning, Barbara made Bill waffles(华夫饼)for breakfast. Bill watched her cook.
He studied the criss-cross pattern on a waffle iron.
Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for. The squares were flatter and wider than sharp spikes. The pattern would help the shoes hold any surface without tearing into it.
When Barbara left the house, Bill ran to his lab. He took the liquid chemicals that, when mixed, would harden into the sole of a shoe. He poured the mixture into the waffle iron---and the Waffle Trainer was born.
Bill’s company put the Waffle Trainer on market in 1974.It was a huge hit. Maybe you’ve heard of that company---it’s called Nike. And today it’s worth around $100 billion.
It was the waffle iron that had changed the course of Bill’s life---and helped turn Nike into a well-known name. Today, the waffle iron is kept at Nike headquarters. It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table.
24. What shortcomings did the old-style running shoes have?
A. They were hard to wear. B. They were too large.
C. They were impractical. D. They were easy to break.
25. Where did Bill get the inspiration to invent the famous Waffle Trainer?
A. From the skins of the fish. B. From his wife’s jewelry.
C. From the colour of the iron. D. From his wife’s cooking tools.
26. What can we learn from Bill’s success?
A. A cheerful wife is the joy of life.
B. Two heads are better than one.
C. Where there’s a will, there’s a way.
D. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Waffles and Nike B. Inspiration and Invention
C. A Great Inventor D. A Well-Known Company
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Bill Bowerman 决心设计一款新型轻便跑鞋,几经挫折,最后华夫饼的模具给了他设计灵感，最终诞生了新款耐克训练鞋，耐克公司也成为知名体育用品公司。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Running shoes at the time were heavy. They had spikes(鞋钉)on the sole(鞋底). The spikes tore up the track and slowed down runners.“当时跑鞋很重。鞋底上有尖钉。铁钉撕裂了跑道，减慢了运动员的速度。”由此可知，老式跑鞋的缺点是不实用。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的第五段Inspiration struck. The pattern on the waffle iron was just what Bill was looking for.“灵感来了。华夫饼熨斗上的图案正是比尔要找的。”可知，Bill从妻子做华夫饼的模具中找到了制作新耐克鞋的灵感。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，Bill发现老式跑鞋的弊端，决心设计新款跑鞋，经过多次尝试改进，从1971年到1974年，用了三年时间终于完成第一款大受欢迎的耐克鞋。再根据最后一段“ It serves as a reminder that if we keep trying, we can find a solution to even the most difficult problems. And those solutions can come from unlikely places, even the breakfast table.”可知，这个发明的过程启示人们面对困难，只要不放弃、多钻研，定能找到解决的办法。故判断出我们能从比尔的成功中学到，有志者，事竟成。故选C项。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Bill在设计新款耐克鞋的过程中多次受阻，但在妻子制作华夫饼时受到启发而突破了工作的瓶颈，让新款耐克鞋得以发明，华夫饼是新款耐克鞋诞生的关键转折点，由此可知A项Waffles and Nike（华夫饼和耐克）为最佳主题。故选A。
C
In a recent study, pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction, according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool.
The psychological response to pizza’s ingredient combinations is partially explained by the fact that highly processed foods like potato chips and pizza, with added amounts of fat, carbohydrates and salt, are most associated with behavioral indicators of addiction, such as loss of control over consumption and continued consumption despite negative consequences, according to Erica M. Schulte, a doctor in psychology at the University of Michigan who led the study. The combination of pizza’s ingredients “seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive-like eating behaviors," Schulte explained.
In fact, another recent study found that the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than either alone. “There is likely something more rewarding in the combinations of those ingredients that can result in an addictive process in some individuals,” Schulte said.
Perhaps it’s a survival mechanism. “If you were really starving, pizza is a type of food that would be totally enough to stop your hunger. The fat gives you satiety, the sugar is satisfying, and the salt is going to keep you alive,” Civille said.
Herbert Stone, a sensory scientist for 50 years, has worked with some of the nation’s top pizza companies in order to increase pizza’s appeal to consumers. “That combination, when heated, has enormous appeal,” he said. “It’s addictive because there is nothing bad about it. There is nothing not to like.”
28. What might be the cause of pizza addiction according to Schulte?
A. The materials for making pizza. B. The way it is prepared.
C. The pleasant taste and smell. D. The energy it provides.
29. What does “either” refer to in paragraph 3?
A. One of the two studies. B. Carbohydrates or fat.
C. Pizza or potato chips. D. Pizza or other processed foods.
30. Why would pizza companies work with Herbert?
A. To make pizza more nutritious. B. To make their pizza more popular.
C. To study how to prepare pizza. D. To fight against pizza addiction.
31. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A travel brochure.
C. A research paper. D. A health magazine.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为与上瘾症状最相关的食物。文章主要说明了导致披萨上瘾背后的原因以及披萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高披萨对消费者的吸引力。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The combination of pizza’s ingredients “seem to be especially rewarding and do not occur together in foods found in nature and this may contribute to its association with addictive-like eating behaviors," Schulte explained.(舒尔特解释说，披萨配料的组合“似乎特别有益，而且不会同时出现在自然界的食物中，这可能会导致它与上瘾的饮食行为有关。”)”可知，舒尔特认为，制作披萨的材料可能是导致披萨上瘾的原因。故选A。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“the combination of fat and carbohydrates seems to raise the reward potential of highly processed foods more than”可知，研究发现，脂肪和碳水化合物的结合似乎比碳水化合物或脂肪中任何一种都更能提高高度加工食品的奖赏潜力。故画线词指的是“碳水化合物或脂肪”。故选B。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Herbert Stone, a sensory scientist for 50 years, has worked with some of the nation’s top pizza companies in order to increase pizza’s appeal to consumers.(赫伯特·斯通是一名有50年经验感官科学家，他与美国一些顶级披萨公司合作，以提高披萨对消费者的吸引力)”可知，披萨公司要和赫伯特合作是为了让他们的披萨更受欢迎。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“In a recent study, pizza was ranked as the food most associated with symptoms of addiction, according to the Yale Food Addiction Tool.(在最近的一项研究中，根据《耶鲁大学的食物成瘾工具》，比萨被列为与上瘾症状最相关的食物)”结合文章主要说明了导致披萨上瘾背后的原因以及披萨公司对这一现象进行利用来提高披萨对消费者的吸引力。可推知，文章可能选自健康杂志。故选D。
D
A self-driving Uber vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in a late-night accident in Tempe, Arizona, police said on Monday. The accident is believed to be the first pedestrian death involving the technology of autonomous vehicles.
The gray SUV had an operator in the driver’s seat and was traveling at about 40 miles per hour in autonomous mode when it struck a woman who was walking across the street late Sunday night, Tempe police said. The pedestrian was rushed to a hospital, where she was pronounced dead from her injuries.
“The City of Tempe has been supportive of autonomous vehicle testing because of the innovation and promise that the technology may offer in many areas, including transportation options for disabled residents and seniors,” Tempe Mayor, Mitchell said in the statement. “Testing must occur safely. All indications we have had in the past show that traffic laws are being obeyed by the companies testing here. Our city leadership and Tempe police will pursue any and all answers to what happened in order to ensure safety moving forward.”
Self-driving cars have been praised by technology companies as the wave of the future. Autonomous cars are already being in more than 30 cities around the world, with companies investing more than $80 billion into research and development.
“Everyone recognized that someone was going to die in a crash involving an autonomous vehicle eventually,” Bryant Walker Smith, a law professor at the University of South Carolina who studies risks in automated driving systems, told NBC News. “As good as that technology tries to be, mistakes can happen, or it may be one of the small fraction of crashes. I just think everybody kind of hoped that one wouldn’t come this soon.”
Smith added that because federal and state agencies don’t have the resources to monitor individual vehicles, the responsibility for safety falls on the individual companies running the technology.
The National Transportation Safety Board announced that a four-person team has been sent to Tempe to investigate the crash.
32. Which of the following is true about the accident?
A. The woman was dead on the spot.
B. The accident is under investigation.
C. The driver was arrested for speeding.
D. It is the first accident caused by autonomous vehicles.
33. Why does the City of Tempe support autonomous vehicle testing?
A. The autonomous vehicle can make transportation safer.
B. A large profit will be brought by the autonomous vehicles.
C. The autonomous vehicles will help disabled residents and seniors.
D. Companies invest more than $80 billion into research and development.
34. According to Bryant Walker Smith, who should take the responsibility of the safety of individual self-driving vehicles?
A. The driver. B. The pedestrian.
C. The individual companies. D. The federal and state agency.
35. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Tempe is in favor of autonomous vehicle testing.
B. Autonomous vehicles have a lot of disadvantages.
C. Companies should take action to improve self-driving cars.
D. A self-driving Uber car caused a pedestrian’s death in Arizona.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车深夜在亚利桑那州坦佩市发生交通事故，撞死了一名行人，文章还讲述了自动驾驶汽车的发展。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Our city leadership and Tempe police will pursue any and all answers to what happened in order to ensure safety moving forward(我们的城市领导和坦佩警方将对发生的一切进行调查，以确保安全继续向前发展)”可知，此次案件的调查仍在进行之中。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The City of Tempe has been supportive of autonomous vehicle testing because of the innovation and promise that the technology may offer in many areas, including transportation options for disabled residents and seniors(坦佩市一直支持自动驾驶汽车测试，因为该技术可能在许多地区提供创新和承诺，包括为残疾居民和老年人提供交通选择)”可知，坦佩市支持自动驾驶汽车测试的原因就是自动驾驶汽车可以给残疾居民和老年人带来便利。故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Smith added that because federal and state agencies don’t have the resources to monitor individual vehicles, the responsibility for safety falls on the individual companies running the technology(史密斯补充说，由于联邦和州机构没有足够的资源来监控单个车辆，安全责任就落在了运营该技术的个人公司身上)”可知，史密斯认为此次责任应该在个人公司。故选C。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A self-driving Uber vehicle struck and killed a pedestrian in a late-night accident in Tempe, Arizona, police said on Monday(警方周一表示，一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车深夜在亚利桑那州坦佩市发生事故，撞死一名行人)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一辆Uber自动驾驶汽车在亚利桑那州造成一名行人死亡一事。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Critical (批判的) thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer. ____36____ Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework. ____37____ Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t. ___38___
Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills. ____39____ You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
___40___ There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego (自负) feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.
A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you.
C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation.
E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful?
F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action.
G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
【答案】36. A 37. E 38. G 39. D 40. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。批判性思维是一种运用理性分析思想、深入挖掘以达到真正潜能的艺术。这是更好地思考。文中介绍了一些帮助你建立批判性思维基础的技巧和想法：勇于质疑、会移情，为他人着想、与聪明的人相处等。
【36题详解】
本段是对批判性思维的定义。根据空前“It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.(这并不是你思考的更久或更长)”可知，批判性思维并不是你思考的更久或更长，空处应是接着进行解释“而是……”，选项A“实际上，它是关于更好地思考”符合语境，“不是……而是……”是一种常用的解释，故选A项。
【37题详解】
根据空后“Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.(那么整个基础就需要自下而上重建)”可推断，需要重建说明假设是错误的，分析选项，E项“但是如果它们被证明是错误的，或者至少不是完全真实的呢？”符合语境，与后面的整个基础就需要重建是互为条件。故选E项。
【38题详解】
根据本段首句“Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself.(在你自己调查之前，不要轻信权威人士的信息)”及空前一句“But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.(但它也使我们无法弄清我们认为来自可靠来源的事情的真相，即使事实并非如此)”可知，本段主要讲不要轻信权威，我们认为来自权威来源的信息有时事实并非如此，分析选项可知，G项“所以杂志或网络上发表的内容并不意味着这是真的”符合语境，因为杂志上发表的东西相对是权威性的。故选G项。
【39题详解】
根据本段主题句“Put yourself in other people’s shoes.(设身处地为别人着想)”可知，本段主要讲述要设身处地为别人着想，结合空后“You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior.(你可能会发现，些许的理解有助于更深入地了解他人及其行为)”可知，D项“不理解别人时不要评价别人”与此处语义一致，D项选中的动词understand与空后的名词understanding呼应。故选D项。
【40题详解】
空处是本段主题句，根据本段最后一句“If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego.(如果你想知道如何培养关键技能，和聪明的人交朋友，抛弃你的自负)”可知，本段主要讲要与聪明的人在一起，分析选项可知B项“和比你更聪明的在一起”符合题意。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共二节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
One of the greatest things about getting out of the city is heading into nature and really communing with (与……融为一体) the Earth and wildlife. But sometimes, the _____41_____ finds its way into the city.
A man named Tom Bell lives in London. When he went up to his rooftop to take a break one day, he realized he wasn’t alone . But don’t worry. His ____42____ was of the fuzzy (毛茸茸的) variety. A wild fox had made its way up to the roof just in time to _____43_____ the sunset. It was getting ____44____ and cold, but fortunately, there was a blanket laid out and ready for it! The tired fox just wanted to have a sleep.
Tom quickly ____45____ the event online with the world and received many likes. People were obviously _______46_______ by the truly unbothered fox. ______47______ the lucky man, the fox got up there through the fire escape. A man named Steve even played it some music to make sure the fox had the _______48_______ evening!
In fact, London is home to many foxes, _______49_______ not all of them are this cute and beautiful. They’ve come to be called urban foxes and they began to make themselves ________50________ in London back in the 1930s when the city’ s growth started ________51________ their natural territory (领地)．And they live in cities all over England. It is supposed that there’s a population of about 33,000 urban foxes in total in the country.
Once Tom shared his _________52_________ house guest, others around London also started _________53_________ photos of their urban foxes! Well, it’s probably safe to say that we’re a little envious (羡慕的) of these lucky persons and their fuzzy visitors. It is _________54_________ to see that people and the wilderness can live together _________55_________ .
41. A. sunlight B. road C. photo D. wilderness
42. A. visitor B. neighbor C. friend D. audience
43. A. overlook B. follow C. catch D. mark
44. A. wet B. quiet C. risky D. dark
45. A. read B. found C. shared D. checked
46. A. encouraged B. attracted C. confused D. supported
47. A. Because of B. According to C. Instead of D. Expect for
48. A. perfect B. eventful C. stormy D. final
49. A. if B. and C. or D. but
50. A. out of danger B. above average C. on the site D. at home
51. A. enlarging B. entering C. surrounding D. dividing
52. A. imaginary B. trusted C. lifelong D. beloved
53. A. posting B. collecting C. editing D. printing
54. A. amusing B. important C. amazing D. common
55. A. legally B. peacefully C. informally D. confidently
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. B 48. A 49. D 50. D 51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了住在伦敦的Tom 无意之中在自家房顶上发现了一只城市狐狸，并且把这件事分享到了网络上，引起了很多人也分享了自己遇到狐狸的故事，体现了人与自然的和谐共处。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：离开城市最棒的事情之一就是走进大自然，真正地与地球和野生动物交流。但有时，大自然也会以自己的方式存在于城市里。A. sunlight阳光；B. road道路；C. photo照片；D. wilderness荒野。根据前面的“But sometimes”可知，上下文有转折关系，人类可以到大自然中去，但大自然也可以存在于城市。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的拜访者是一只毛茸茸的品种。A. visitor拜访者；B. neighbor邻居；C. friend朋友；D. audience听众，观众。根据最后一段“Well, it’s probably safe to say that we’re a little envious(羡慕的) of these lucky persons and their fuzzy visitors.”可知，这里说的狐狸是一个拜访者。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一只野狐狸爬上了屋顶，正好赶上观看日落。A. overlook忽视；B. follow跟随；C. catch观看；D. mark标记。根据前面的“in time”可知，狐狸正好赶上观看日落。故选C项。
【44题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：天气逐渐暗下来并且冷起来，但幸运的是，有一个毯子铺开且为它准备好了!疲惫的狐狸只想睡一觉。A. wet潮湿的；B. quiet安静的；C. risky有危险的；D. dark黑暗的，昏暗的。根据前面的“A wild fox had made its way up to the roof just in time to catch the sunset.”可知，这里说的是日落之后的天气，日落之后天空暗下来。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tom很快在网上分享了这件事并且得到了许多的点赞。A. read阅读；B. found发现；C. shared分享；D. checked 检查，核对。根据“and received many likes”可知，Tom肯定是在网络上分享了这件事。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们显然被这只不打扰人的狐狸所吸引了。A. encouraged鼓励；B. attracted吸引；C. confused困惑；D. supported支持。根据“and received many likes”可知，Tom在网络上分享了这件事，吸引了很多的人。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查连词短语辨析。句意：根据这个幸运的人的说法，这只狐狸是通过防火梯爬上去的。A. Because of由于；B. According to根据；C. Instead of代替，而不是；D. Expect for除了。这里指的是Tom分享了狐狸的事情，并说狐狸是从消防梯爬上去的。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个名叫史蒂夫的人甚至给它放了一些音乐，以确保狐狸有一个完美的晚上! A. perfect 完美的；B. eventful充满大事的，多变故的；C. stormy有暴风雨的，激烈的；D. final最后的。根据前面的“A man named Steve even played it some music”可知，放音乐是为了让狐狸更加的享受和放松。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：事实上，伦敦有很多狐狸，但并不是所有的狐狸都这么可爱和漂亮。A. if如果；B. and和，而且；C. or或者，否则；D. but但是，然而。根据后面的“not all of them are this cute and beautiful”可知，这里是表示转折。故选D项。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们被称为城市狐狸，早在20世纪30年代，当伦敦开始发展并且当城市的发展开始进入他们的自然领地的时候，他们就开始在伦敦安家落户。A. out of danger脱离危险；B. above average平均以上；在一般水准以上；C. on the site现场；D. at home在家，在国内。根据上文“They’ve come to be called urban foxes”可知，狐狸开始在伦敦安家落户。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们被称为城市狐狸，早在20世纪30年代，当伦敦开始发展并且当城市的发展开始进入他们的自然领地的时候，他们就开始在伦敦安家落户。A. enlarging扩大；B. entering进入；C. surrounding围绕；D. dividing分开。结合常识和“the city’ s growth”可推知，城市的扩张进入到了狐狸的自然领土。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤姆一分享了他心爱的住客，伦敦周围的其他人也开始上传他们的城市狐狸的照片! A. imaginary想象的，虚构的；B. trusted可信的，可靠的；C. lifelong终身的；D. beloved钟爱的。根据前文“but not all of them are this cute and beautiful”可知，狐狸很可爱，Tom非常钟爱它。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：汤姆一分享了他心爱的住客，伦敦周围的其他人也开始上传他们的城市狐狸的照片! A. posting上传；B. collecting收集，收藏；C. editing编辑；D. printing打印。根据前文“Tom quickly shared the event online with the world and received many likes”可知，这里所说的分享都是指在网络上上传。故选A项。
54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：看到人类与自然能够和谐地相处是很令人惊叹的。A. amusing逗人发笑的，有趣的；B. important重要的；C. amazing令人惊叹的；D. common 共同的，普遍的。根据常识可知，人类与自然和谐共处是一件了不起的事情。故选C项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到人与自然能够和谐地相处是很令人惊叹的。A. legally合法地；B. peacefully平静地；C. informally非正式地；D. confidently 自信地。根据文章理解，这里是说狐狸和人类和谐相处。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Forbidden City ____56____ (know) for being full of Chinese cultural and historical relics. But Masters in the Forbidden City does not just focus on the stories of the past. Instead, the documentary movie, ____57____ came out in Chinese cinemas on Dec.16, ____58____ ( focus) on ordinary people who are the restorers（修复者）of relics and antiquities（古董）.
The stories are told ____59____ a slow and relaxed pace, ____60____ (reflect) the restorers' work. Restoration of cultural relics and antiques can be time-consuming, and sometimes boring. Yet these restorers' patience and peace of mind are ____61____ (especial) precious in a society where everything is changing so fast.
An touching part of the documentary is ____62____ spirit of craftsmanship（工艺）in the restorers. ____63____ (year) of repeated boring work requires, not only skill, but also faith and spirit. Masters in the Forbidden City has proved wrong many people's ideas about antique restorers, allowing them ____64____ ( realize) that they are not old, dull professors, but people in _____65_____ ( they) 40s, 30s and even 20s who can be quite pleasing to the eye.
The documentary has even made' some young people ask the question, “Is it too late L to 6 change my job?”
【答案】56. is known
57. which 58. focuses
59. at 60. reflecting
61. especially
62. the 63. Years
64. to realize
65. their
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了纪录片《我在故宫修文物》的主要内容并赞扬了这部影片反映出的中国古董修复师的工匠精神。
【56题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：紫禁城里因为装满了中国文化和历史遗迹而有名。固定搭配be known for意为“因……而闻名”；此处陈述的是客观事实，应用般现在时； 且主语“The Forbidden City”是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填is known.
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：相反，在12月16日在中国电影院上映的纪录片，主要讲述了一些平凡的人，他们是修复遗迹和古董的修复者。分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the documentary movie”，指物，且从句中缺少主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：相反，在12月16日在中国电影院上映的纪录片，主要讲述了一些平凡的人，他们是修复遗迹和古董的修复者。分析句子结构可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；且主语“the documentary movie”是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。故填focuses。
【59题详解】
考查介词。句意：这些故事以一个平缓放松的步伐来讲述，反映了修复者的工作。固定搭配at a……pace意为“以……速度、步伐”。故填at。
【60题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这些故事以一个平缓放松的步伐来讲述，反映了修复者的工作。分析句子结构可知，动词reflect与逻辑主语“The stories”之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填reflecting。
【61题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而这些修复者的耐心和内心的平静在如今一切都在变化的社会尤其珍贵。此处应用副词修饰形容词“precious”。 故填especially。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意：这个纪录片令人感动的部分是修复者们工艺精神。此处特指纪录片中修复师的工艺精神，应用定冠词the。故填the。
【63题详解】
考查名词的单复数。句意：多年重复无聊的工作要求的不仅是技术还有信念和精神。year为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，故此处表示复数概念，意为“多年”。故填Years。
【64题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城的大师们已经证明许多人们关于古董修复者的观点是错误的，使得人们知道这些修复者并不是年老和无趣的教授，而是40多岁，30多岁甚至20多岁的长得好看的人们。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to realize。
【65题详解】
考查代词。句意：紫禁城的大师们已经证明许多人们关于古董修复者的观点是错误的，使得人们知道这些修复者并不是年老和无趣的教授，而是40多岁，30多岁甚至20多岁的长得好看的人们。根据空格后的“40s, 30s and even 20s”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词，表示在他们的40岁、30岁甚至是20岁。故填their。
第四部分：基础知识考查(共三节，满分25分)
第一节 课内文章语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Poetry is a ____66____(combine) of “sound” and “sense”. First, you can read a poem aloud to detect rhythms, rhymes or other special effects. Next, ask some basic questions about it and find out ____67____the images in it refer to through exploring our surroundings. Then, be patient when exploring it. Finally, remember that it is unnecessary to fully understand the poem when ____68____ (appreciate) its inner beauty.
In China, LI Bai is widely recognized as one of the greatest romantic poets. He showed his talent for writing romantic poems when he was young.
On the one hand, the formation of Li Bai’s romantic style benefited from his love of reading and travelling. From the classics to ancient philosophies, from legends to historical stories, this young man familiarized himself with classical Chinese culture and the ____69____(wise) of previous generations. ____70____ his early twenties, he left home and began his travels, during ____71____ he developed a love of nature and ____72____( inspire) to write numerous poems in the romantic style.
On the other hand, the social and historical context also played an important role in the development of Li Bai’s romantic style. ____73____(grow) up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, LI Bai developed a free and unconstrained personality, which strongly influenced his poetic production.
The majority of Li Bai’s poems are in the romantic style and rich in imagination and free expression of strong feelings. However, all of them would be less functional ____74____ the use of artistic techniques such as exaggeration and metaphor.
Li Bai’s poems have inspired generations of poets both at home and abroad. American poet Pound is one of them. Today, LI Bai’s poetry continues to _____75_____(enjoy) by a large number of readers all over the world.
【答案】66. combination
67. what 68. appreciating
69. wisdom 70. In
71. which 72. was inspired
73. Growing
74. without
75. be enjoyed
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了李白诗歌的写作风格——浪漫主义风格。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：诗是“音”与“感”的结合。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处填入可数名词combination的单数形式来作表语。故填combination。
【67题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：接下来，问一些关于它的基本问题，并通过探索我们周围的环境来找出其中的图像指的是什么。跟在动词短语find out之后，此处为宾语从句。在宾语从句中，refer to后缺宾语表示“什么”含义，所以用连接代词what引导宾语从句。故填what。
【68题详解】
考查状语从句的省略。句意：最后，记住，在欣赏诗的内在美时，完全理解诗是不必要的。在状语从句中，状语从句的主语和句子的主语相同，且有be动词时，则可省略主语和be动词。此处为省略句，即从句完整形式为when you are appreciating its inner beauty。故填appreciating。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：从经典到古代哲学，从传说到历史故事，这个年轻人熟悉了中国古典文化和前人的智慧。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词wisdom来作介词with的宾语，是不可数名词。故填wisdom。
【70题详解】
考查介词。句意：在他二十出头的时候，他离开了家，开始了他的旅行，在此期间，他对自然产生了热爱，并受到启发写了许多浪漫主义风格的诗歌。固定用法in one’s twenties(在某人二十几岁时)。故填In。
【71题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意见上一题。此处为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词his travel是物，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【72题详解】
考查时态语态。句意见第五题。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词。结合空格前的developed可知，此处用一般过去时。主语I和inspire之间为被动关系。故填was inspired。
【73题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：李白生长在唐朝最辉煌的时期，他的性格无拘无束，这对他的诗歌创作产生了强烈的影响。句子有谓语动词developed和unconstrained，所以此处为非谓语动词。非谓语动词grow和其逻辑主语LiBai之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Growing。
【74题详解】
考查介词。句意：然而，如果没有夸张和隐喻等艺术手法的运用，所有这些作品的功能都将大打折扣。此句为含蓄型虚拟语气，此处表达“如果没有夸张和隐喻等艺术手法的运用”，所以用without。故填without。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，李白的诗歌继续为世界各地的大量读者所喜爱。continue to do sth.译为“继续做某事”。结合句意以及空格后的by可知，此处表示“被广大读者喜爱”，所以用不定式的被动式来作动词continue的宾语。故填be enjoyed。
第二节 根据首字母或汉语意思，拼写单词(注意用正确的形式) (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
76. Li Bai visited famous mountains and great rivers, e ________ different customs and practices.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】encountering##ncountering
【解析】
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：李白游览了名山大川，遇到了不同的风俗习惯。根据Li Bai visited famous mountains and great rivers和different customs and practices可知，句子表示“李白游览了名山大川，遇到了不同的风俗习惯”，因此空格处意为“遇到”，由首字母提示e可知，是encounter，句中谓语是visited，空格处用非谓语形式，Li Bai和encounter之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填encountering。
77. It is natural to see that the majority of Li Bai's poems are c________ by the romantic style. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】characterized##haracterized
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查被动语态与动词短语。句意：不难看出，李白的大部分诗歌都具有浪漫主义风格。根据语境，主语poems与动词characterize构成语法上的被动关系，且根据by的提示，可知此处应用被动语态；固定短语be characterized by意为“具有……的特性；以……为特征”，符合句意，故填characterized。
78. What he said is ________ (相互矛盾的) to what he did. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他所说的与他所做的相矛盾。根据汉语提示可知，contradictory相互矛盾的，形容词作表语，符合题意。故填contradictory。
79. The letter was not addressed to me but I opened it out of c_________.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这封信不是写给我的，但我出于好奇打开了它。固定搭配out of curiosity（出于好奇心），用名词curiosity（好奇心）。故填curiosity。
80. By 9:45 that morning, the fire had e________ to the 15th floor. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】extended##xtended
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：到那天早上9点45分，大火已经蔓延到15楼。结合句意可知，用过去完成时，所以had后接动词的过去分词形式。根据首字母提示及句意，故填extended。
第三节 (共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
选择正确的短语完成句子(注意用正确的形式，每个短语只能用一次)
be committed to; sum up; bring sth. to light; dig up; make allowance for
81. As a good journalist, it is our duty to have the truth ________.
82. If you want to get ahead in life, you must ________ achieving your dreams
83. To ________, being a good journalist requires writing skills, curiosity and commitment to finding the truth.
84. Now in these two books we’ve seen Milton ________ and abandon just about the entire tradition of epic poetry.
85. ________ his poor health, his teacher allowed him to get at school later than his classmates.
【答案】81. brought to light
82. be committed to
83. sum up 84. dig up
85. making allowance for
【解析】
【81题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名优秀的记者，揭露真相是我们的责任。动词短语bring sth. to light意为“揭露……真相”符合句意，由句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作宾语补足语，与空前的the truth 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应填过去分词形式brought to light。故填brought to light。
【82题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：如果你想在生活中取得成功，你必须致力于实现你的梦想。短语be committed to意为“献身于，致力于”符合句意，由句子结构分析可知，此空在句中作谓语动词，由空前的must可知此空be committed to中的be动词用原形，故填be committed to。
【83题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：总之，成为一名优秀的记者需要写作技巧、好奇心和寻找真相的决心。结合句意和句子结构分析可知，固定短语 to sum up意为“总之，总而言之”符合句意，其一般放在句首，与句子其他成分用逗号隔开，用于引出下文的总结性话语。句中设空处前文由to，所以该空填sum up。故填sum up。
【84题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，在这两本书中我们看到弥尔顿挖出并丢弃了所有史诗的传统。句子结构分析可知，____ and abandon just about the entire tradition of epic poetry在句子中作宾语补足句，设空处与abandon并列，应为动词。dig up意为“挖出，挖掘，发现”为动词短语，符合句意。结合句意可知本句为“看到某人做了某事”，用固定搭配see sb do sth，即不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填dig up。
【85题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：体谅到他身体不好，老师允许他比同学晚到校。动词短语make allowance for意为“（因某原因需区别对待而）体谅﹑照顾某人”符合句意；由句子结构分析可知，____ his poor health在句中作原因状语，句子主语his teacher与短语动词make allowance for构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以应该用现在分词形式making allowance for。故填making allowance for。
第五部分 应用文写作 (满分15分)
86. 你是李华，你的朋友李明给你写信倾诉他的困惑。在日常生活中，他每天通过网络报纸户外媒体等接收到大量的信息，但不知道如何成为一名有判断力的读者。请你给他写一封回信，告诉他你对这个问题的看法。信件包括如下内容：
1.获取有效信息的重要性
2.对于相同的事件产生不同报道的原因
3.成为一名有判断力读者的做法
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右，信件的开头和结尾已经给，不计入总词数；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答
Dear Li Ming,
I am glad to receive your letter!
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Li Ming,
I am glad to receive your letter! In your letter, you were at a loss how to be an acute reader with so much information flooding into our lives through online newspapers, outdoor media and other media every day.
Without doubt, the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news. But meanwhile some false news and information also get the chance to spread wildly, which cause some harm to us. Therefore, it’s of vital importance to obtain the effective and useful news. Different people may have different attitudes towards the same thing, because people see things from different angles. So I’d like to give you some advice on how to be a reader with good judgement. First, you should judge whether it comes from the government or other authorities. Secondly, it is important that you should identify the content of the news carefully. Thirdly, you should consider the value of the news carefully, not misled by too much junk and false news.
I hope what I say may help you a little.
Looking forward to your reply!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给朋友李明写一封回信，就他如何成为一名有判断力的读者的困惑给他做出解释并提出建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
困惑的：at a loss→confused
毫无疑问：without doubt→undoubtedly
机会：chance→opportunity
很重要：be of vital importance→be vitally important
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without doubt, the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news.
拓展句：There is no doubt that the appearance of We Media brings us lots of news.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In your letter, you were at a loss how to be an acute reader with so much information flooding into our lives through online newspapers, outdoor media and other media every day.（运用了with的复合结构）
【高分句型2】First, you should judge whether it comes from the government or other authorities.（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）
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