(新高考)高考英语二轮提分秘籍专题四：语法填空（第二讲）层级二 第一节 如何巧取动词提示题 (含详解)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮提分秘籍专题四：语法填空（第二讲）层级二 第一节 如何巧取动词提示题 (含详解)，共29页。试卷主要包含了非谓语形式的变化等内容，欢迎下载使用。

层级二
拉分题目分分抢
动词在语法填空7个提示词中所占的比重最大，难度最高。考查动词的时态、语态以及非谓语动词的题目是学生的失分点。在句子复杂、结构难辨时，错填连词的也很多。因此，掌握提示词为动词及如何填连词的解题技巧，是确保语法填空得满分的关键。
第一节　如何巧取动词提示题
动词是历年高考的必考点，对动词有关知识的掌握是考生在语法填空中得高分的关键。动词的变化形式比较多，有谓语形式的变化(如时态语态和主谓一致及虚拟语气)、非谓语形式的变化(如不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词)。
微技能一 如何确定作谓语和作何种谓语
No.1思维定向——先定向是否作谓语
解题步骤
典例印证
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，找出句中是否缺少谓语，如果缺少谓语，则该空格应填谓语动词。
第二步：确定作谓语的三点注意
1．根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2．根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系，以确定语态；
3．根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
　　(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It 61.____________ (build) originally to protect the city 62.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复)．
【分析】
第一步　确定填谓语。分析句子成分可知，空处和has now been completely restored (修复)作并列谓语。
第二步　考虑时态语态和主谓一致。有时间状语in the Tang dynasty可知发生在过去，根据主语it (the Great Wall)与动词build之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
[尝试解答]　was__built
No.2解题规则——再确定作何种谓语
　技法一　提示词为动词时，确定时态的4根据
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.慧眼识别
标志词
1. (2021·江西省九校联考)In the first century, many people in Roman Empire ____________ (work) underground in mines to support their families.
2．(2021·渭南市高三教学质量检测)At the edge of the Tibetan Plateau, Sichuan ____________ (attract) a large number of travelers over the years.
3．(2021·江西省红色七校第二次联考)This is for the seventh national population census (人口普查)．China ____________ (conduct) a national survey every 10 years since the 1990s.
4．(2021·辽宁省“名校交流”3月联考) That promise may be years away from realization but rapid typing enabled by bioprinting at present ____________ (push) medical advances forward at pace.
5．(2021·河南省高考适应性练习)Since December 2001, it ____________(be)on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list.
6．(2020·浙江7月卷)By about 6000 BC，people __________________
(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到often, usually, always, every time, sometimes等时间状语， 要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday, last year, in 2020, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去式。
(3)看到tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this moment, at present, now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since, recently, lately, already , in the last/past few years, so far/up to now, for＋时间段， ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then , by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
2.瞻前顾后
找并列
7.(2020·江苏卷改编)There, he not only did well as a student but also ____________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
8．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ____________(point) down the river.
(1)可根据并列连词and, but, or, rather than, neither...nor...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
3.通过“常用
句式”法　
9.(2021·沈阳监测)This was the first time I ____________ (experience) sandstorms and I don’t ever want to be in one again.
10．(天津卷)I____________ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
11．(2021·梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ____________(feel) better.”
12．(2021·济宁模拟)Therefore, it is high time that we ____________ (take) effective measures to improve the current situation.
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一些常用句式。如：
(1)was/were doing sth when sb did...
(2)had (just) done sth when＋一般过去时
(3)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb had done...
(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(5)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth
4.通过“语境
暗示”法　
13.(2020·浙江7月卷)This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then，with the rise of science，changes began.New methods ____________(mean) that fewer people worked in farming.
14．(2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考)As a result, as the number of qubits(量子位) ____________ (increase), the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 且没有标志性的时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
答案
1．worked　[考查时态。句意：在公元一世纪，罗马帝国的许多人为了养家糊口都在地下矿井里工作。结合上文“In the first century”可知，应用一般过去时。]
2．has attracted　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：四川地处青藏高原的边缘，多年来吸引了大量游客。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语动词，结合时间状语over the years可知，时态应为现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语Sichuan为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故填has attracted。]
3．has conducted　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自上世纪90年代以来，中国每10年进行一次全国性调查。根据后文since the 1990s可知，应用现在完成时，主语为China，故助动词用has。]
4．is pushing　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这一前景可能还需要数年时间才能实现，但目前生物打印带来的快速打印功能正在推动医学进步的步伐。表示动作目前正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为rapid typing，谓语动词用单数。]
5．has been　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语“since December 2001”可知，应用现在完成时；主语it是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数。]
6．had discovered　[考查时态。分析句子成分可知，简单句中除了提示词外无其他谓语动词，且主语和提示词之间为主动关系，本句中时间标志词By about 6000 BC为“by＋过去时间点”结构，意为“到……为止”，句子应该用过去完成时。]
7．became　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知，not only与but also连接的是两个并列谓语，not only后用了一般过去时(did)，but also后也应该使用一般过去时(became)。]
8．pointed　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知，and连接并列谓语，根据上文they smiled，可知此处应用一般过去时，故填pointed。]
9．had experienced　[考查时态。此题为固定句式 “This was the first time that sb had done sth”因此，从句用过去完成时。]
10．was driving　[考查时态。句意：我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。此题考查固定句式“be doing sth when...”，表示“正在做某事时突然……”。]
11．will feel　[考查时态。此题为固定句式：祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。]
12．took/should take　[考查时态。句意：因此，采取一些必要措施来改善这种情况已经是当务之急的时候了。此处考查固定句式“It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth”。]
13．meant　[考查时态。结合句意可知，New methods与mean是主谓关系，同时前两句的时态为一般过去时，故填meant。]
14．increases　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，随着量子位的增加，量子计算机的计算能力也随之提高。根据句意可知，句子为as引导的时间状语从句，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，increase意为“增加”，句中“the number of ”意为“……的数量”，后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，故应填increases。]
　技法二　提示词为动词时，明确逻辑关系定语态
确定谓语动词的语态，分析语境，弄明白所给动词与其对应的主语之间的逻辑关系是确定谓语动词语态的关键。如果所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的执行者，该动词就用主动语态；若所给动词的主语是这个动词动作的承受者，该动词就用被动语态。

思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.依据逻辑关系，辨析主动或被动
1.(2021·成都市一诊)Born in 712, Du Fu lived through the violent fall of China’s brilliant Tang Dynasty.He had the desire to serve his country, but his life ____________ (destroy) by the An Lushan Rebellion of 755.
2.(2020·浙江1月卷)People tend to focus on the first factor.However，greater attention should ____________(place) on longevity(长寿)．
3．(2021·湖北省黄冈市4月调研)Moreover, knowledge has become more and more complicated and it can’t ____________ (understand) if we do not practice it again and again.
4．(2020·浙江7月卷)Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food ________(need)．
动词的语态一般和时态放在一起进行考查。做好此类试题，考生需要掌握以下几点：
(1)分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 若与主语之间是主动关系， 应考虑用主动语态，若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词， 情态动词＋be done。
(3)做题步骤一般分为两步：先考虑语态，再考虑时态。
(4)主谓一致常和动词的时态、语态放在一起考查。
2.牢记主动表被动含义句式结构
5.The book which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu，____________ (sell) well.
6．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu，____________ (sell) out here.
提示词作谓语， 且表示的是主语所具有的特征时， 应考虑用主动形式表示被动含义。
答案
1．was destroyed　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他有报效祖国的愿望，但755年的安史之乱毁了他的生命。此处缺乏谓语，由时间状语the An Lushan Rebellion of 755可知，时态用一般过去时，主语his life和谓语destroy是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)，主语his life是单数，谓语也用单数形式。]
2．be placed　[考查语态。由短语place greater attention on可知，attention 与place之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。]
3．be understood　[考查语态和主谓一致。句意：此外，知识已经变得越来越复杂，如果我们不一次又一次地实践它，它是不可能被我们理解的。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且can’t后跟动词原形。故填be understood。]
4．was needed　[考查时态语态。结合句意“出生的孩子越多，需要的粮食就越多”可知，more food与need构成被动关系，且文章的基本时态为一般过去时，故填was needed。]
5．sell　[考查语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知， sell在此处表示事物所具有的特征，意为“卖得好， 畅销” 应用主动形式表示被动含义，同时，本句主语books是复数形式，故填sell。]
6．have been sold　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知， sell在此处强调动作， 指书“已经卖完”，应用现在完成时的被动语态。又因主语books是复数形式，故填have been sold。]
　技法三　提示词为动词时， 确定主谓一致的三原则
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.语法一
致原则
1.(2019·天津卷改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2．(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum’s collection ____________(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research.
(1)由分数、百分数或者some, a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。
(2)分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 看到主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等引导的短语时，要考虑谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。
2.就近一
致原则
3.(2021·咸阳市高考模拟)Even though there ____________ (be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city, it may take focus away from your studies.
4．Not only the students but also their teacher ____________ (move) deeply by the moving story.
5．As a matter of fact, not only the students but also the teacher ____________ (wish) for a relaxing holiday.
(1)分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语， 看到主语由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...，not...but...等连接时，要考虑就近原则确定谓语动词的单复数。
(2)分析句子结构， 发现提示词作谓语，看到there, here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
3.意义一
致原则
6.(2021·湖北省黄冈市4月调研)Practicing, to sum up，____________ (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well.
7．Our school is carrying on a reform in education and each boy and each girl ____________ (have) access to a table computer as well as the Internet.
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
答案
1．was given　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村里时受到了热烈的欢迎。A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；由last week可知give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系，故填was given。]
2．is　[考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为only a small part of a museum’s collection，是单数形式，故填is。]
3．are　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：即使在城市里有更多的外出和做有趣的事情的机会，这可能会分散你学习的注意力。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，根据there be句型中的主语more opportunities可知应用are。]
4．was moved　[考查语态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生，老师也被这个故事深深地打动了。not only...but also...并列主语时根据就近一致原则确定谓语动词用单数， move与主语their teacher 是被动关系， 故填was moved。]
5．wishes　[考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，不仅仅是学生，老师也希望有个放松的假期。根据就近一致的原则，应该填wishes。]
6．is　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：总之，对于那些决心学好知识的人来说，实践是最重要的。句子陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Practicing，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。]
7．has　[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们学校进行教育改革，每个男孩和女孩都有机会使用电脑以及互联网。根据并列句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原则， each boy and each girl 作主语，谓语动词用单数，故填has。]


A
(2021·唐山市二模)
For much of history, reading was a fairly noisy activity.Today, however, the majority of us read the words in our heads as if 1.____________ (sit) in a library.
Recent studies provide ample evidence 2.____________ the ancient art of reading aloud has a number of benefits, from helping improve our memories 3.____________ strengthening emotional bonds between people.
According to the research on the impacts of reading on memory, people consistently remember words and texts 4.____________ (well) if reading them aloud than if reading them silently.This phenomenon has been named the “production effect”，which means that producing 5.____________ (write) words—namely，reading them out loud—improves our memory of them.Even just silently mouthing the words makes 6.____________ more memorable.
One reason why people remember the spoken words better is that it gives us 7.____________ additional basis for memory.We are 8.____________ (general) better at recalling events that require active involvement.For instance, producing a word in 9.____________ (respond) to a question makes it easier to remember.
In a time when our interaction with others and the large amount of information we take in 10.____________ (be) all too transient (转瞬即逝的), perhaps it is worth making a bit more time for reading out loud.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，介绍了朗读这一古老的艺术技巧有改善我们的记忆力和加强人与人之间的情感纽带等诸多益处及其原因，并建议人们用更多时间朗读。
1．sitting　[考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处省略了主语和谓语动词；根据语境可知，此处表示，然而，今天，我们大多数人都像坐在图书馆里一样在脑子里读文字，这里强调动作正在发生，故用现在分词。]
2．that　[考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，补充说明名词evidence的具体内容，故用that引导该从句。]
3．to　[考查介词。“from...to...”为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。]
4．better　[考查比较等级。根据空后的than可知，空处应用比较级表示人们朗读比默读能更好地记住单词和文章。]
5．written　[考查词性转换。空处修饰名词“words”，故应用形容词。written意为“书面的”。]
6．them　[考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词make的宾语，指代该句中的“the words”，故填them。]
7．an　[考查冠词。此处表示“一种额外的基础”，故用不定冠词；且additional的发音以元音音素开头，故用an。]
8．generally　[考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词better，故用副词形式。]
9．response/responding　[考查词性转换。in response/responding to为固定搭配，意为“回应……”。故填response/responding。]
10．are　[考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的时间状语从句，从句的主语“our interaction with others and the large amount of information we take in”为复数概念，故谓语动词用复数形式，故填are。]
B
(2021·绵阳市第二次诊断)
The education authority in Northeast China’s Liaoning Province has joined a handful of others in 1.____________ (ban) teachers from asking parents to grade students’ homework after the practice set off an outcry on social media platforms.Teachers at primary and middle schools 2.____________ do not grade students’ homework 3.____________ (they) will not be qualified for promotion or awards, according to the guideline issued by the provincial education department on Tuesday.Teachers will not 4.____________ (allow) to use the WeChat or QQ messaging apps to assign homework 5.____________ assign punitive or repetitive homework, the guideline said.
In a video 6.____________ (post) on Sina Weibo recently, a father in East China’s Jiangsu Province scolded teachers for asking parents to grade children’s homework in a parent－teacher WeChat group before exiting the group.The video quickly gave rise to an angry reaction toward the teacher and an outpouring of support 7.____________ parents, with the heading “All it needs to break a grown－up 8.____________ (be) a parent－teacher WeChat group” being viewed more than 760 million times.
In fact on the way to grow up, parents, teachers and students should take their own 9.____________ (responsible) and play their own roles.Only when parents behave like parents, teachers like teachers..., can the education be 10.____________ (succeed)．
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了辽宁省教育部门禁止老师要求家长批改作业及新浪微博上一个家长因批改作业一事斥责老师的视频的相关内容。
1．banning　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，介词in后面的动词应用动词－ing形式，所以空处需要用banning。]
2．who　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词Teachers，在从句中作主语，所以空处需要填关系代词who。]
3．themselves　[考查代词。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处表示“他们不亲自评阅学生作业”，所以空处需要填反身代词themselves。]
4．be allowed　[考查语态。分析句子结构可知，空处与will not一起作本句的谓语，又此处表示教师不被允许用微信或QQ来布置作业，应用被动语态，所以空处需要填be allowed。]
5．or　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示教师不被允许通过微信或QQ来布置作业或布置惩罚性或重复性作业，空处表选择，所以空处需要填or。]
6．posted　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词为scolded，空处为非谓语动词，与逻辑主语video之间形成了动宾关系，所以空处需要填posted。]
7．from　[考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示来自家长们的支持，故空处需要填from。]
8．is　[考查时态和主谓一致。“压垮一个成年人只需一个老师家长微信群”是一个标题，由该标题中的“needs”可知，时态应用一般现在时；根据意义一致的原则，谓语动词需要用单数，所以空处需要填is。]
9．responsibilities　[考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“家长、老师和学生都需承担自己的责任”，空处应用名词，且根据and后的roles可知，responsibility在此处作可数名词，应用复数形式，所以空处需要填responsibilities。]
10．successful　[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作本句的表语，需要用形容词，所以空处需要填successful。]
微技能二 如何确定作非谓语和作何种非谓语
No.1思维定向——先定向是否作非谓语
解题步骤
典例印证
　　分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时， 若句中已有谓语动词， 而又无连词(并列连词连接并列句或并列谓语，从属连词引导从句)时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
　　(2020·浙江7月卷)Later，they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and，in dry areas，____________(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
【分析】　分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词learned，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)作状语。
[尝试解答]　making
No.2解题规则——再确定具体用何种非谓语
判断非谓语动词的2个基本原则
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.判断主动
还是被动
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more than decoration；they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________ (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
2．(2021·成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)The World Health Organization (WHO) has decided that the novel coronavirus (新型冠状病毒) outbreak is considered as an international public health emergency，____________ (set) off the global action to prevent the spread of the virus.
动词－ing形式与动词－ed形式的区别：
逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时， 用动词－ing形式；是动宾关系时用动词－ed形式。
2.判断时间
先后关系
3.(2021·福州一中第四次适应性考试)A bird habitat can be a natural or man－made area ____________ (provide) birds with an environment that supplies food and water.
4. (2021·焦作市第四次模拟)According to a study ____________ (publish) in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.
(1)非谓语动词表示正在进行， 用动词－ing形式；
(2)表示已经完成，用动词－ed形式；
(3)表示将来发生的动作，用不定式to do形式。
答案
1．decorated　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词make及see，故空处应作非谓语动词。又因句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，此处作宾语补足语。]
2．setting　[考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织(世卫组织)决定将新型冠状病毒的爆发视为国际公共卫生紧急事件，触发了全球行动来抵制病毒的传播。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语，分句之间无连词连接，此处应用非谓语动词形式；结合语境可知，此处应用动词－ing短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填setting。]
3．providing　[考查非谓语动词。句意：鸟类栖息地可以是一个自然或人为的区域，为鸟类提供食物和水的环境。area 后跟定语，area 与 provide 是逻辑上的主谓关系，且 provide 表示正在进行的动作。]
4．published　[考查非谓语动词。句意：根据发表在《科学》杂志上的一项研究，海洋和其他水域的声音变化影响了许多海洋动物。动词publish意为“发表”，和逻辑主语study构成被动关系，且动作已完成。所以应用过去分词作后置定语。]
判断非谓语动词的5种妙法
妙法1　非谓语动词作主语和表语——成分分析法
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.非谓语动
词作主语
1.(2021·江西省红色七校第二次联考)____________ (track) down more than 1 billion Chinese citizens is by no means easy.This year, about 7 million staff will be needed to visit homes for registration work.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ____________ (get) there.
3．(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
1.句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定用动词－ing形式还是不定式作主语。
2．掌握用动词－ing形式/不定式作主语的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb)＋to do sth
(2)It is no use/good doing sth
(3)It takes sb some time to do sth
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth
2.非谓语动
词作表语
4.(全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel ____________(challenge)．
5．(2021·辽宁省“名校交流”3月联考)Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are ____________ (encourage)．

非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。
(1)现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释；
(3)过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到……的”。
(4)不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
答案
1．Tracking　[考查非谓语动词。句意：追踪10亿多中国公民绝非易事。分析句子结构可知，track在句中应用非谓语动词形式，本句缺少主语，故应用动名词短语作主语，句首单词首字母要大写。]
2．to get　[考查非谓语动词。此处是“It takes (sb) some time to do sth”句型，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”。]
3．to walk　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb)to do sth”，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。]
4．challenged　[考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空格处作系动词feel的表语，主语为he，故要用 challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。]
5．encouraging　[考查非谓语动词。句意：生物打印可能是一个相对较新的领域，但迄今为止的结果令人鼓舞。根据上文are可知应填形容词encouraging，作表语，表示“令人鼓舞的”，修饰物。]
妙法2　非谓语动词作宾语——关键词语法
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.作介词的
宾语用
动名词
1.(2021·全国甲卷)After ____________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
2．(2021·西安中学第六次模拟)I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ____________ (hold) chopsticks.
介词和带介词to的固定搭配后一定跟动词－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。
2.只能跟动
名词作宾
语的动词
和短语　
3.(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)He had been considering ____________ (jump) from a bridge.He later found the Good Samaritan and thanked him for his kindness.He may one day find a way to pay him back in kind—though that’s not the point.
4．(全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road，____________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5．(2021·武汉市4月质量检测)We paced around to avoid ____________ (get) frostbite (冻伤)as the temperature stayed close to －30 ℃ and our drill batteries became too cold to work.
6．(2021·江西六校联考)The guide dog being denied ____________ (board) is just the tip of the iceberg, compared to the various difficulties faced by the country’s visually impaired population every day when they leave their home.
·喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
·不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)
·感激承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)
·介意想象莫推延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)
·允许完成是期望(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)
·建议继续勤操练(suggest, go on, practise)
·致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)
·继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)
3.只能跟不
定式作宾
语的动词
7.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim ____________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
8．(2021·珠海市模拟二)At one point, someone offered ____________ (trade) me an alcoholic beverage (饮料) and a golden feathered headdress for my camera.
9．(2021·长沙市第五次适应性考试)While China has overcome the worst of this wave of the pandemic (大流行) so far, and most schools are fully prepared ____________ (open) with in－person classes, Canada is still facing new cases here and there every day.
·三个希望两答应(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)
·两个要求莫拒绝(demand, ask, refuse)
·设法学会做决定(manage, learn, decide/determine)
·不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select)
·计划提出俩打算(plan, offer, intend, mean)
·申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford)
·准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
4.既可跟动
名词作宾
语，又可
跟不定式
作宾语但
表达含义
不同的动
词和短语
10.(浙江6月卷)I still remember ____________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
11．(2021·攀枝花市第二次统考)Most people, at one time or another, have been on the receiving end of a random act of kindness—that moment when a complete stranger stops ____________ (offer) aid, generosity or sympathy.
remember, forget, regret, stop, go on, need, try, mean 等。注意它们含义的不同之处。
·remember
·mean
·stop
·regret
答案
1．spending　[考查非谓语动词。空前的After为介词，后应接动词的－ing形式。故填spending。]
2．holding　[考查非谓语动词。句意：说到拿筷子，我不会称自己为最有成就的人。在when it comes to...这一固定句型中，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。]
3．jumping　[考查非谓语动词。句意：他一直在考虑从桥上跳下去。consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，用动名词作宾语。]
4．laying　[考查非谓语动词。设空处作include的宾语，应用动名词形式。laying和句中的digging up, building并列。]
5．getting　[考查非谓语动词。句意：由于温度保持在零下30 ℃附近并且我们的钻机电池变得太冷而无法工作，因此我们四处走动以避免冻伤。avoid doing “避免做某事”，用动名词作宾语。]
6．boarding　[考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth是固定用法， 所以空格处需用动名词作宾语。]
7．to have　[考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth “力求做某事”为固定搭配。故本空用不定式to have。]
8．to trade　[考查非谓语动词。句意：有一次，有人提出用一杯酒精饮料和一个金色羽毛头饰换我的相机。offer to do sth “主动提出做某事”是动词习惯用法，不定式作宾语。]
9．to open　[考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然中国已经克服了这次流行病浪潮中最严重的一波，并且大多数学校已经为开学做好了充足的准备，但是加拿大仍然每天都有新病例出现。固定搭配be prepared to do sth “准备好做某事”。]
10．visiting　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语，且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词，此处考查remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。]
11．to offer　[考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数人，曾经都接受过随意的善举——那个时刻，一个完全的陌生人停下来提供帮助、慷慨或同情。stop to do sth “停下来做某事”，根据句意，空格处用不定式作目的状语。]
妙法3　非谓语动词作定语——关系分析法
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.动词－ing
形式作
定语　
1.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They represent the earth ____________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2．(2021·成都市一诊)Even today, people ____________ (suffer) under COVID－19 are still inspired by Du Fu’s poems.
3．(2021·日照市5月校际联考) It’s a very ____________ (worry) picture of risk and urgent need for action.
(1)动词－ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行；
(2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being done 结构。
(3)表示心理状态的动词－ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
2.动词－ed
形式作
定语　
4.(2021·蚌埠市第四次质量检查) The national voluntary tree－planting campaign，____________ (launch) in China in 1981, has seen volunteers plant 76 billion trees across the country since then.
5．(2021·泰安市高考全真模拟)A video ____________ (post)online shows three tourists，two women and a man，are scrawling on the wall of Badaling section of the Great Wall at around 1 pm.
(1)动词－ed形式作定语表示被动、完成。
(2)动词－ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression，tears，smile，voice等名词。
3.不定式
作定语
6.(2021·河南省高考适应性练习) As darkness falls, the best place ____________(witness)the city is on the wall, where one can’t help but imagine the distant past.
7．(2021·山东潍坊二模)Freud was one of the first scientists ____________ (make) serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activities ____________ (base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.
8．(2020·天津7月卷)Vinnie confirmed her ability ____________ (make) a full－length statue by highlighting the heavy labor she had done before.
9．(2021·南昌市二模) COVID－19 has the potential ____________ (wipe) out different kinds of apes if humans don’t take steps to prevent its spread.
(1)看到由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
(2)看到由the only，the last，the next等修饰的名词(代词)常用不定式作定语。
(3)看到被修饰的名词(代词)是ability，attempt，chance, desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等词时，常用不定式作定语
答案
1．coming　[考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以空格处为非谓语动词。逻辑主语earth与come back to life之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。]
2．suffering　[考查非谓语动词。句意：即使到了今天，遭受着新冠的人们仍然受到杜甫诗歌的启发。本句已有谓语are inspired且无连词，其它动词用非谓语形式，名词people和动词suffer是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词(doing)表主动，做名词people的后置定语。]
3．worrying　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一幅非常令人担忧的风险景象，迫切需要采取行动。修饰后文名词picture，应用－ing结尾的形容词worrying，作定语。]
4．launched　[考查非谓语动词。句意：1981年中国发起了全国性的自愿植树运动，自那时以来，志愿者们在全国植树760亿棵。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词campaign与launch之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词作定语。]
5．posted　[考查非谓语动词。句意：网上发布的一段视频显示，下午1点左右，三名游客(两女一男)正在长城八达岭段的墙上涂鸦。句中有谓语动词show，post“发布”是非谓语作后置定语，post和video是被动关系，用过去分词。]
6．to witness　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知此处用作定语，因其所修饰的名词前有最高级修饰，所以应用不定式作定语。]
7．to make; based　[考查非谓语动词。句意：弗洛伊德是最早对思维进行认真研究的科学家之一。思维是大脑活动的集合，涉及我们的行动，思维，感觉和推理方式。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词。由空前的the first可知，应用动词不定式作定语，故填to make; 第二空格base与activities之间为被动关系， 故用过去分词作定语。]
8．to make　[考查非谓语动词。句意：Vinnie通过强调她以前做过的繁重的劳动来证实她制作全身塑像的能力。抽象名词ability后常用不定式作后置定语。]
9．to wipe　[考查非谓语动词。句意：如果人类不采取措施阻止COVID－19的传播，COVID－19有可能消灭各种类人猿。表示“有可能做某事”为have the potential to do sth，所以空处为动词不定式作后置定语，修饰potential。]

妙法4　非谓语动词作状语——逻辑关系法
思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.动词－ing
形式作
状语　
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) On the last day of our week－long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2．(2021·云南师范大学附中适应性考试) Music has no obvious adaptive function, ____________ (make) scientists who study music wonder what forces originally gave rise to it.
句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用动词－ing形式(doing)：
(1)表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词；
(2)自然而然的结果用现在分词。
2.动词－ed
形式作
状语　
3.(2021·江西省重点中学盟校第一次联考) ____________ (compare) with today’s best supercomputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100，000 billion times faster.
4．(2021·山东高考模拟卷)____________(follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用动词－ed形式(done)。
3.不定式
作状语
5.(2021·江西省九校高三下学期联考)Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), people all over the world are wearing masks ____________ (reduce) the risk of infection.
6．He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only ____________ (find) the early train had gone.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid－1980s，and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
8．(全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________________(improve) water quality.
(1)不定式可以用作目的状语。
(2)only to do sth为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
(3)形容词或动词－ed形式作表语时，后接不定式作状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, anxious, proud, disappointed, surprised, delighted, foolish, pleased, fortunate等。
(4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”句式，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
答案
1．listening　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式与and后面的现在分词meeting并列，主语we与listen之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。]
2．making　[考查非谓语动词。句意：音乐没有明显的适应功能，这使得研究音乐的科学家们想知道是什么力量最初导致了音乐的产生。分析句子结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，故应用现在分词形式作结果状语。]
3．Compared　[考查非谓语动词。句意：与当今最好的超级计算机相比，九章的计算速度快了10万亿倍。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“calculate”且句中无连词，故应用compare的非谓语动词，主语Jiuzhang与compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语。]
4．Followed　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，逻辑主语the couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。]
5．to reduce　[考查非谓语动词。句意：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎的爆发，世界各地的人们都戴口罩，以降低感染风险。分析句子结构可知reduce在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语应用不定式。]
6．to find　[考查非谓语动词。find是意料之外的结果，故应用动词不定式作状语。]
7．to perform　[考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。]
8．to improve　[考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高水的质量，政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻。此处为不定式作目的状语。]
妙法5　非谓语动词作宾补——固定搭配法

思维定向
典题试做
解题原则
1.不定式作
宾语补　
足语　　
1.(2020·浙江1月卷)Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging.The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected ____________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
2．(2021·海南中学高三第五次模拟)What the scientists did on Chang’e－5 paid off at last, which inspires more and more Chinese people ____________ (devote) themselves to further space research.
常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell, order, allow, permit, enable, persuade, force, warn, encourage, inspire, expect等。
2.have的固
定用法　
3.(天津卷改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take)．
4．During the Qin Dynasty, to keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shihuang had all walls ____________ (join) up.
·have sb/sth doing让某人/某物一直做
·have sth done让某事被做
·have sb do sth让某人做某事
3.分词作宾
语补足语
5.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ改编)Instead, one activist, dressed in a full－body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign ____________ (praise) the filmmakers .
7．At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself ____________(notice)．
(1)动词－ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行；
(2)动词－ed形式作宾语补足语表示被动、完成；
常用动词－ed形式作宾语补足语的动词有have, make, get, find, see, notice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。
答案
1．to increase　[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且空格处不作并列谓语，故此处应用非谓语动词。be expected to do sth “被期望做某事”是固定用法，不定式作宾语补足语。]
2．to devote　[考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们在嫦娥五号上所做的最终得到了回报，它激励着越来越多的中国人致力于进一步的太空研究。结合句意表示“激励某人做某事”可知短语为inspire sb to do sth。]
3．taken　[考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张相片。宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，have sth done “让某事被做”为固定用法，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
4．joined　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在秦朝时，为了御敌于国门之外，秦始皇下令将所有的城墙修筑起来。宾语all walls与had之间为被动关系，have sth done “让某事被做”为固定用法，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
5．decorated　[考查非谓语动词。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。]
6．praising　[考查非谓语动词。a sign作介词with的宾语，sign与praise之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。]
7．noticed　[考查非谓语动词。句意：在晚会上，那个漂亮的女孩穿了一条很吸引人的裙子以引起注意。make sb done“使某人被……”，为固定用法，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。]

A
(2021·湖北省武汉市五月供题)
A total of 32 short videos won awards at the finals of the second Foreigners on China contest.The global short video competition 1.____________ (highlight) foreigners perspectives (角度) on China saw the submission of more than 400 ，000 entries from over 100 countries and regions.2.____________ (sponsor) by the China International Publishing Group, the competition had seven categories and accepted submissions between July 2019 and August 2020 on such themes as“my favorite Chinese city”3.____________“discovering China from outside its borders”．
A selection of 2，673 videos made it to the final stage, following four rounds of assessment by 18 domestic and overseas professionals from 4.____________ (differ) fields, including film and television production as well as 5.____________ (communicate)．A total of 50 videos, filmed by 42 institutions and individuals from 21 countries and regions, 6.____________ (choose) in the final leg of the competition.
Gao Anming, editor－in－chief of the publishing group，7.____________(praise) the video creators for effectively conveying stories about China to overseas audiences.The participants discovered elements 8.____________ can represent characteristics of Chinese culture and helped promote cultural and people－to－people 9.____________ (exchange), Gao said.Through the publishing group, the award－winning videos will be covered by seven media companies 10.____________ ten languages.
【语篇解读】　本文是新闻报道。第二届“Foreigners on China”大赛总决赛共有32段短片获奖。文章对此次大赛进行了报道。
1．highlighting　[考查非谓语动词。句意：此次全球短片大赛突出了外国人对中国的看法，共有来自100多个国家和地区的40多万人参赛。动词highlight意为“突出，强调”，和谓语动词saw之间没有连词，所以应用非谓语形式，和主语competition构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词作后置定语。]
2．Sponsored　[考查非谓语动词。句意：本次大赛由中国国际出版集团主办，共分七个类别，于2019年7月至2020年8月接受了“我最喜爱的中国城市”和“从境外发现中国”等主题的参赛作品。动词sponsor意为“主办”，和谓语动词之间没有连词，所以应用非谓语形式，和主语the competition之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作状语。]
3．and　[考查连词。句意同上题。“my favorite Chinese city”和“discovering China from outside its borders”属于并列关系，所以应用连词and。]
4．different　[考查词性转换。句意：经过18位来自影视制作和传播等不同领域的国内外专业人士的四轮评估，2 673部影片最终进入决赛阶段。修饰名词fields应用形容词。形容词different意为“不同的”。 ]
5．communication　[考查词性转换。句意同上题。根据“film and television production”可知，此处应用名词作宾语。名词communication意为“传播，交流”。 ]
6．were chosen　[考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：来自21个国家和地区的42家机构和个人共拍摄了50段视频，最终入选决赛。根据“A selection of 2，673 videos made it to the final stage”可知，此处讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。动词choose和主语“A total of 50 videos”构成被动关系，且主语“A total of 50 videos”为复数。]
7．praised　[考查时态。句意：出版集团总编辑高安明称赞视频创作者有效地向海外观众传达了有关中国的故事。根据“The participants discovered elements”(参与者发现了元素)可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。]
8．that/which　[考查定语从句。句意：高安明说，参与者发现了能够代表中国文化特色的元素，有助于促进文化和人文交流。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为elements，指物，所以应用关系代词that或which。]
9．exchanges　[考查名词的数。句意同上题。名词exchange意为“交流”，为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用复数形式。]
10．in　[考查介词。句意：通过出版集团，获奖视频将由7家媒体公司以10种语言进行报道。表示用某种语言应用介词in。]
B
(2021·厦门市第三次质量检测)
When it comes to being fit and healthy, we’ re often reminded 1.____________ (aim) to walk 10，000 steps per day.This can be a frustrating target to achieve, especially when we’ re busy with work and other 2.____________ (commitment)．
However, recent research from Harvard Medical School has shown that，3.____________ average, approximately 4，400 steps a day is enough to significantly reduce the risk of death in women.This was 4.____________ it was compared to only walking around 2，700 steps daily.The more steps people walked, the 5.____________ (low) their risk of dying was, before leveling off at around 7，500 steps per day.No 6.____________ (addition) benefits were seen with more steps.Although it’s uncertain whether similar results would be seen in men, it’s one example of how moving 7.____________ little bit more daily can improve health and reduce risk of death.
If you think sitting at the desk all day is bad and 8.____________ (simple) want to move more, one easy way to do that is to add about 2，000 steps to your current step count.Walking to work, 9.____________ (take) part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also 10.____________ (work) to easily get more physical activity.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。文章认为多走路对身体有好处，哈佛医学院最近的研究表明，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。
1．to aim　[考查非谓语动词。句意：当谈到身体健康时，我们经常被提醒每天步行10 000步。remind sb to do意为“提醒某人做某事”，为固定搭配，此处用to do不定式作宾语补足语。故填to aim。]
2．commitments　[考查词性转换。句意：这可能是一个令人沮丧的目标，尤其是当我们忙于工作和其他事情的时候。commitment意为“不得不做的事”，为可数名词，在other后应用名词复数形式。]
3．on　[考查介词。句意：然而，哈佛医学院最近的研究表明，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。on average意为“平均”，为固定搭配。]
4．when　[考查名词性从句。句意：这是与每天只走2 700步相比的时候。表语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，根据句意可知，此处是指这是与每天只走2 700步相比的时候，平均每天大约4 400步足以显著降低女性的死亡风险。所以应用when引导表语从句。]
5．lower　[考查比较等级。句意：人们走的步数越多，他们的死亡风险就越低，然后以每天7 500步的速度平稳下来。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，越……”，为固定句式。根据“The more”可知，此处应用比较级。]
6．additional　[考查词性转换。句意：没有看到更多步数带来的额外好处。修饰名词benefits应用形容词。形容词additional意为“额外的”。]
7．a　[考查冠词。句意：虽然不确定男性是否也会出现类似的结果，但这是一个例子，说明每天多运动一点可以改善健康，降低死亡风险。根据“can improve health and reduce risk of death”可知，此处是指每天多运动一点，所以应用固定搭配a little bit表示“一点”。 ]
8．simply　[考查词性转换。句意：如果你觉得整天坐在办公桌前不好，只是想多动一下，一个简单的方法就是在你现在的步数基础上增加大约2 000步。修饰动词want应用副词。副词simply意为“仅仅，只”。 ]
9．taking　[考查非谓语动词。句意：步行上班、参加在线锻炼计划或与朋友见面散步也可以轻松地获得更多的体育活动。根据“Walking to work”可知，此处应用动名词作主语。]
10．works　[考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。并列主语用or连接时，主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。“meeting with friends for a walk”为动名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数。]