(新高考)高考英语二轮专题复习课件 专题三 完形填空(含解析)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮专题复习课件 专题三 完形填空(含解析)，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了专题三 完形填空，返回目录，◎高考数据，◎命题规律，◎命题趋势，◎真题回放，◎考场思维，◎考场全解，◎经典考例，◎破题关键等内容，欢迎下载使用。
微专题01　深剖三年真题　把握命题动向
分析1 领悟命题思路 洞悉命题动向
2019~2021年体裁、主题、命题角度分析
1.短文以记叙文为主,情节往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙,有插叙或倒叙,有时还夹有描述或评论。2.以考查实词为主。以动词的考查为主,其后是名词、形容词和副词,虚词偶有考查。3.联系上下文的设空约占80%,结合语篇的设空约占20%,充分体现了“注重基础,难易比例适当,有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思路。
1.预计2022年高考依然以记叙文为主,但也不能忽视说明文、议论文,选材上以贴近学生生活的话题为主,包括社会热点、学校生活、人物故事等,以传递正能量、普及社会常识为宗旨。2.选项布局以考查实词为主,其中动词、名词居多,其次是形容词、副词,对介词等虚词的考查相对较少。3.从三个层面考查对语境的理解能力:对文章整体(文章中心主线和整体结构)的把握和理解;对上下文或句子之间关系的把握和理解;对句子结构和意义的把握和理解。
分析2 熟悉三步流程 稳妥答题步骤
完形填空选用一篇220词左右的短文。短文被挖去15个空格,势必会造成文意残缺,但完形填空挖空的精妙之处就在于“藕虽断,丝还连”。这千丝万缕的“丝”能保证文意的疏通连贯,高考命题正是利用这一点来进行科学布“空”。考生在做题时,一定要通读全篇,先把握文章大意,再根据文意和基本语言知识逐一完形。切忌“只见树木,不见森林”的碎片化、片断化答题方式。
　[2020·全国Ⅱ卷改编]It was just after sunrise n a June mrning. “Nicl,” whse real name cannt be 　1　 t the public because f Italy’s privacy laws, 　2　 wrking the whle night at a factry in Turin. As he ften did, he stpped by the “after wrk auctin ( 拍 卖 )”　3　 by the Italian plice where things 　4　 n the trains were sld t the highest bidder. There, amng many ther things, Nicl sptted tw paintings he thught wuld lk 　5　 abve his dining rm table. Nicl and anther bidder 　6　 until Nicl finally wn the paintings fr $32.
When Nicl retired and went t live in Sicily, he 　7　 the paintings with him. He hung them abve the same table he had mved frm Turin. His sn, age 15, wh had 　8　 an art appreciatin class, thught that there was smething 　9　 abut the ne with a yung girl sitting n a garden chair. It was signed (签名) “Bnnat” r s he thught, but when he 　10　 it, he nly fund “Bnnard”, a French painter he had never heard f. He bught a bk and was 　11　 t find a picture f the artist Pierre Bnnard sitting n the same chair in the same 　12　 as his father’s painting. 
“That’s the garden in ur picture,” Nicl’s sn tld his father. They 　13　 learned that the painting they wned was called “The Girl with Tw Chairs”. They 　14　 the ther painting and learned that it was 　15　 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life f Fruit n a Table with a Small Dg”. The family called the Italian Culture Ministry; the fficial cnfirmed that the paintings were riginals and wrth as much as $50 millin.  B.allcated C.expsedB.delayed C.cnsideredB.reserved C.cancelledB.fund C.kept B.familiar C.useful D.real
B.debate C.discussedB.left C.registeredB.failed C.taken B.unusual C.unappealing B.tuched C.researched B.surprised C.anxiusB.kitchen C.hallB.cnfidently C.eventually B.cleaned C.framed B.actually C.rightlyD.specifically
→逻辑关系,助推理题5:Nicl认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮,所以才会出高价拍下。题13:经过一系列的对比和研究,他们终于得知了其中一幅画的名字。→复现信息,找根源题12与上文中的with a yung girl sitting n a garden chair是原词复现;题10与题14属于同义词复现。
→情感态度,慎思量题11:他买了一本书,发现里面有一张艺术家Pierre Bnnard的照片,他坐在和父亲的画里面一样的花园里,一样的椅子上。他应该非常吃惊(surprised)。→固定搭配,速答题题8:利用固定短语take a class “上课”迅速答题。→生活常识,巧利用题3:根据常识可知,拍卖活动需要有警察来维持秩序,进行拍卖。
Nicl在拍卖活动中以低价购得了两幅画,后来他学过艺术鉴赏的儿子经过研究发现这两幅画可能是著名画家的真迹,他们打电话给意大利文化部,经官方证实,这两幅画都是真迹。1.C　下文提到了意大利的隐私法律,按照法律规定,Nicl 的真实姓名不能被公之于众。2.A　根据下文中的he stpped by the “after wrk auctin”可知,Nicl 结束工作下班了。3.D　Nicl 经常在下班后参加拍卖活动,这种拍卖活动是由意大利警察组织管理的。4.B　这些被拍卖的物品是在火车上找到的。5.A　Nicl在拍卖会上看到了两幅画,觉得把它们挂在餐桌上方看起来会很漂亮。6.A　Nicl 和另外一个出价的人互相竞价,最后Nicl 赢了。battle意为“较量”,符合语境。7.D　Nicl 把这两幅画从都灵带到了西西里岛。
8.C　他15岁的儿子上过一门艺术鉴赏课,认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画不同寻常。9.B　见上题解析。10.C　根据下文中的 he nly fund “Bnnard”可知,Nicl的儿子对这幅画的署名又进行了研究。11.B　当 Nicl 的儿子发现了一张艺术家Pierre Bnnard 坐在同样的椅子上的照片时,他很惊讶。12.D　根据上文中的with a yung girl sitting n a garden chair以及下文中的That?s the garden in ur picture可知答案。13.C　下文提到了这幅画的名字是“The Girl with Tw Chairs”,这说明Nicl和他的儿子经过一系列的对比和研究,终于得知了画的名字。14.D　他们研究了另一幅画,发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的作品,名叫“Still Life f Fruit n a Table with a Small Dg”。15.B　见上题解析。
　At the age f 4, the little Ulmer was stung by a bee. Less than a week later, she was stung by anther bee, which 　1　 her naturally being deathly 　2　 f bees. Hwever, this did nt last t lng. Sn, she began t d research n bees. As a part f it, she 　3　 that bees were nt nly n the 　4　 f extinctin but were als 　5　 fr the envirnment and ecsystem. 
At rughly the same time, Ulmer’s great grandmther Helen 　6　 the family her 1940’s ckbk frm a far city. One f the recipes inside was that fr her s-called “famus” flaxseed lemnade recipe. This gt Ulmer 　7　: Hw culd she cmbine her grandmther’s recipe and 　8　 the bees at the same time? Her answer: a lemnade stand that desn’t just take advantage f the bees 　9　, but helps them t.  Sn after cming t this cnclusin, Ulmer asked her parents if she culd 　10　 her wn lemnade stand. Her parents 　11　, and she sn started selling her wn lemnade, perating as “Bee Sweet Lemnade”.　But Ulmer made ne great 　12　 t her great grandmther’s lemnade recipe, using sugar instead f hney. Sn after, a lcal pizza
shp asked Ulmer t 　13　 them with lemnade. This gave Ulmer the 　14　 f starting bttling her lemnade, rather than just selling it utside her huse. She began ffering her lemnade t nearby stres, many f which began t 　15　 her lemnade.  [语篇解读]Ulmer为了拯救蜜蜂,设立摊位出售以糖代替蜂蜜制作的柠檬水。这款柠檬水受到市场的欢迎。
t　 B.turned int C.resulted inD.cunted B.sure C.fndB.predicted C.explainedB.jurney C.edgeB.necessary C.bviusD.cmplex1.C　根据上文中的At the age f 4, the little Ulmer was stung by a bee. Less than a week later, she was stung by anther bee可知,她被蜜蜂蜇了两次,这两次经历导致了她非常害怕蜜蜂。2.D　见上题解析。3.A　根据上文中的d research n bees可知,此处表示她的研究发现。4.C　n the edge f表示“濒于;在……边缘”,是固定短语。5.B　根据语境以及常识可知,蜜蜂对环境和生态系统是必不可少的。
B.bught C.sught B.dubting C.expecting B.attract C.save B.fully C.carefully B.develp C.establish D.prmte6.D　根据常识以及下文frm a far city可知,此处表示Helen从遥远的城市给 Ulmer家寄那本烹饪书。7.A　根据下文中的“Hw culd she cmbine her grandmther?s recipe and...”可知,此处表示她的思索。8.C　根据上文中的extinctin以及下文中的helps可知,此处表示拯救蜜蜂。9.B　take advantage f sth fully意为“充分利用某物”。10.C　根据语境可知,此处表示建立货摊。
B.prmised C.insistedB.supprt C.changeB.inspire C.supplyB.plan C.beliefB.advertise C.sell D.design11.A　根据上文中的asked her parents if she culd可知,她在征求父母的意见;再结合下文中的started selling her wn lemnade可知,此处表示她的父母同意了。12.C　根据下文中的using sugar instead f hney可知,她对配方做了改变。13.C　当地一家比萨店请她为他们供应柠檬水。14.A　她通过这件事得到把柠檬水装入瓶中的想法。15.C　那些附近的商店开始销售她的柠檬水。
微专题02　高考命题有技法　三步锁完形填空
策略1 把握完形填空新思路
　 [2021·全国甲卷改编]It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part f the blame fr getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmnt Empress Htel in Victria, Canada. Burchill was 　1　 at the htel n business and planning t visit sme friends in the area. They had asked him t 　2　 sme pepperni (辣香肠) frm back east. S he 　3　 a suitcase full f pepperni. As he was wrried that it wuld be t warm, he 　4　 it ut n the table near an pen windw. He thught his pepperni was 　5　 and well chilled (冷却)
and he 　6　. That’s when things went 　7　. “I remember walking dwn the lng 　8　 and pening the dr t my rm t find an entire flck f seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter f 　9　t the 4-star htel. The seagulls immediately went 　10　. They rushed t the windw, 30 r 40 birds all trying t get ut at the same time, and pepperni—everywhere. The curtains were falling dwn, and the lamps were falling dwn. It was a real 　11　.  Older and wiser nw, Burchill chalked up the incident t yuthful indiscretin(莽撞).
“I have 　12　 and I admit respnsibility f my actins,” he said in the letter. “I cme t yu, 　13　, t aplgize fr the damage I had 　14　 caused and t ask yu t recnsider my lifetime ban frm the htel.”  His letter 　15　. Banned frm the htel since 2001, Burchill is nw welcme t cme back, the Fairmnt said.  B.staying C.lkingB.have C.bring B.lcked C.abandnedB.cleared C.cutB.safe C.sftD.ready
B.ndded C.waitedB.funny C.wrngB.driveway C.hall B.aplgy C.requestB.dead C.missingB.puzzle C.fightB.retired C.escaped in pcket B.nse in the air C.hat in handD.feet n the B.deliberately C.cautiuslyB.wrked C.endedD.disappeared
本文首句告知了基本要素,明确了该故事发生的背景。本文中的一条情感线是酒店对待主人公Burchill的态度。酒店开始由于Burchill携带的香肠招来海鸥对酒店造成破坏而将Burchill列入黑名单,后来由于Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信改变了这一决定。根据日常生活可知,真诚地对待他人,诚恳地道歉,并勇于承担自己的责任,是能换取别人的谅解,使事情得到圆满解决的。由此可判断第15题的答案。
1.“词不离句,句不离篇”原则做题时避免见空填空,即看到一个空格,直接看选项进行选择,这样失误率会大大增加。完形填空强调单词、短语在语境(句子层面、段落层面、篇章层面)中的应用。填第一空时,务必读到第二空,很多时候两个题空之间出题者往往给了很多暗示和线索,依次类推。2.“无关词排除”原则文章一般都有非常明确的中心主线,结构很紧凑,正确选项一般都是紧扣文章的中心主线,一些看上去明显和文章主线毫无关系的选项,可以排除在外。3.“末段紧扣主题”原则文章的末段通常是本文内容的升华,或是主旨大意的概括,或是作者思想境界的提升等,总之与主题密切相关,与文章主题无关或相左的选项可以排除。
Burchill住酒店时携带的香肠招来了大量海鸥,间接给酒店造成了损失。Burchill因此被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信,酒店将他从黑名单中删除。1.D　根据语境及生活常识可知,Burchill出差住在酒店,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友,所以此处是说他在酒店收拾行李。2.C　朋友让他带一些辣香肠。3.A　他装了满满一箱子香肠。4.D　他担心香肠放在箱子里温度太高,所以把它们拿出来放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。5.B　他把香肠放在靠近窗户的桌子上后,认为它们是安全的,也会很好地冷却,就离开了房间。
6.A　见上题解析。7.C　根据下文可知,事情就在这时出了问题。8.C　根据下文中的and pening the dr t my rm可知,Burchill走过长长的大厅来到房间门口。9.B　根据倒数第2段中的t aplgize fr the damage I had______caused可知,Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。 10.D　海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了,变得疯狂起来。
11.A　根据上文中的“The curtains were falling dwn, the lamps were falling dwn.”可知,现场一片混乱。12.D　根据上文中的Older and wiser nw可知,这里是说Burchill认为自己成熟了。13.C　hat in hand可引申为“毕恭毕敬地;十分恭敬地”。14.A　Burchill携带的香肠招来了大量海鸥,海鸥在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些物品的损坏,所以Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。15.B　根据下文中的“Banned frm the htel since 2001, Burchill is nw welcme t cme back, the Fairmnt said.”可知,他的道歉信起作用了。
I was with my mm ne day as we tk a walk while windw shpping. We bth knew we wuldn’t 　1　 much.  I remember I was lking up at the 　2　 we passed as we walked. Ladies wre five-inch heels and bright clthing. An uneasy feeling started t settle in my chest. I culd 　3　 it n lnger; I was ashamed f my mther.  We were in a high-class 　4　 — I knew that. We lived in a small, verpriced apartment building at the edge f ur cunty. Mm chse t mve there because she knew the schls were 　5　 . I realized fr the first time that we didn’t belng there. I
culd see the 　6　 lines arund my mm’s eyes and muth. She wre cheap clthes and 　7　 shes. My mm is nthing extrardinary, yet at that mment, she 　8　 because she was just s plain. I felt embarrassed abut being at her side.  We were standing in the middle f a high-end stre, and my mm was 　9　 a sweater.  She said, “ This will lk gd n yu. D yu want it?” It was much expensive, but I almst 　10　 answered “yes”.  Then I tk a clser lk at the small tired wman with a big smile and a 　11　 in her hands, happy t be giving me smething s nice. My wrds 　12　 in my thrat. 
She lked s tired because she was busy wrking t prvide fr me. She didn’t wear jewelry r perfumes because she was cntent with 　13　 what little mney she had n me.  Suddenly, my mm was 　14　 and extrardinary wnderful in my eyes.  “D yu want it?” my mm 　15　 .  “N, thanks.” [语篇解读]妈妈为了让作者上好的学校而搬到一个高级社区,但是妈妈却打扮得很寒酸,在光鲜亮丽的人群中,作者为妈妈感到羞愧。但是在妈妈想要给作者买一件很贵的毛衣时,作者突然意识到妈妈辛苦地工作,满足于把仅有的钱花在作者身上,她是如此美丽。作者为自己先前的想法感到羞愧,并拒绝了这件毛衣。
　　B.buy C.realizeB.windws C.pepleB.agree C.admitB.restaurant C.neighbrhdB.cncrete C.usefulD.remte1.B　根据上文中的windw shpping可知,我和妈妈都知道我们买不了多少。2.C　我抬头看经过的人群,女士们踩着高跟鞋,穿得光鲜亮丽。3.D　看着别的女士光鲜亮丽,我觉得很不舒服,无法否认自己为母亲感到羞耻。4.C　根据下文中的“We lived in a small, verpriced apartment building at the edge f ur cunty.”可知,此处是指我们住在一个高级社区。5.A　妈妈选择搬到这个高级社区里是因为她知道这里的学校很好。
B.cmmn C.wideB.awkward C.tugh utB.cme ut C.set utD.std B.preparing C.attemptingD.selflessly6.D　根据下文中的She lked s tired可知,妈妈的眼睛和嘴巴周围有深深的皱纹。7.A　根据上文中的cheap clthes可知,此处是指妈妈穿着破旧的鞋子。8.D　根据上下文可知,此处是指在光鲜亮丽的人群中,妈妈寒酸的打扮非常显眼。9.D　根据下文中的“This will lk gd n yu.”可知,此处是指妈妈拿着一件毛衣。10.B　虽然毛衣很贵,但是我差一点不假思索地回答“是的”。
B.phne C.dreamB.called C.expectedB.requesting C.spendingB.wise C.strangeB.signed C.repeatedD.whispered11.A　根据上文可知,此处指妈妈手里拿着一件毛衣。12.D　根据文章最后一句“N, thanks.”可知,我没有说出来。13.C　她没有戴首饰或喷香水,因为她满足于把自己仅有的一点钱花在我身上。14.A　根据下文中的extrardinary wnderful和上文中的she was just s plain可知,此处指此刻妈妈在我眼中非常美丽。15.C　根据上文中的“D yu want it?”可知,此处指妈妈又重复问了一次。
策略2 吃透三个设空深层次
[2021·全国乙卷改编]Simply saying thank yu desn’t seem enugh in certain situatins. I was cnsidering this while wrking as a 　1　 just a few weeks ag. And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different 　2　 f gratitude(感谢). 
My thughts were sn put t the test. We had a wman patient wh was 　3　 frm a knee replacement peratin. One afternn, while attempting t get int bed she cllapsed (倒下) frm what was 　4　 discvered t be a heart attack. The cllapse was disastrus, 　5　 the emergency medical team and gd teamwrk. But she recvered, thugh 　6　, and was ready fr discharge (出院) after fur weeks.  She was 　7　 fr everything that the medical and nursing team had dne fr her. On her day f discharge, we shared in her 　8　 at her recvery. As she was leaving she was
eager t say 　9　 t each f us in the nursing team. When she 　10　 ne nurse, she tried t press a five-pund nte int her hand. My clleague　11　t accept it, saying that we were all just ding ur jb. The patient lked puzzled, and then 　12　:“Oh this isn’t fr the　13　 I had. I take that as a 　14　. N, this is fr setting my hair yesterday.” 　　And there yu have it. T many peple, saving lives is part f the jb but styling hair is an 　15　 and shuld be rewarded. 
　B.chemist C.nurseB.meanings C.needsB.escaping C.retiringB.frtunately C.casuallyB.requiring C.frmingB.accidentally C.slwlyB.thughtful C.srrwfulB.delight C.curisityB.hell C.gdbyeB.cnsulted C.intrducedD.persuaded
B.pretended C.failedB.recited C.repliedB.patience C.duty B.given C.pushB.ability C.peningD.extra
1.“同义必同错”原则“同义必同错”原则,即答案的唯一性;在四个选项中其中两个选项是一对同义词或近义词,则这两个选项都可以排除。2.“感同身受”原则设想自己就是故事中的主人公,利用“感同身受”选正确项,充分利用反映作者态度或感情色彩的词汇解题。
3.“反义多一对”原则有时一对反义词或表示相反概念的词同时出现在四个选项中,正确答案有可能就在其中。4.“重复”原则一篇文章挖空后,不能影响考生对全文主旨的理解,因此在文章中一定有给出提示的内容,这就是命题者遵循的“重复”原则,这也是解题的出发点和落脚点。
作者以做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例,表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。1.C　根据下文中的“As she was leaving she was eager t say 　　　t each f us in the nursing team.”可知,当时作者是一名护士。 2.A　根据上文中的“Simply saying thank yu desn’t seem enugh in certain situatins.”可知,作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词,那么感谢就容易得多了。3.D　结合下文语境可知,病人正在恢复中。4.A　结合上文语境可知,此处是指病人最终被发现摔倒是因为心脏病。5.B　根据The cllapse was disastrus可知,要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。
6.C　根据上文中的The cllapse was disastrus可知,要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。7.A　结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别可知,她对大家的付出表示感激。8.B　根据下文中的her recvery可知,此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。9.C　当她即将离开医院时,她迫切地想要和护理团队的每一个人告别。say gdbye t sb“和某人告别”。10.A　结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别可知,此处是指她走到一个护士的身边,用reach符合语境。
11.D　结合常识和下文中的we were all just ding ur jb可知,作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱,并说她们只是做了自己应该做的事情。12.C　结合语境可知,此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。13.D　根据下文中的“N, this is fr setting my hair yesterday.”可知,女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。14.B　女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的(东西)。15.D　根据上文中的T many peple,saving lives is part f the jb和but可知,此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情,即额外做的事情,应该得到奖励。
I was wrking n a nvel based n the lives f chimpanzees(黑猩猩). T 　1　 them, I read every bk written by Dr Jane Gdall. One day, while visiting the website abut chimpanzees, I 　2　 the chance t cmplete a six-mnth internship(实习) with the Jane Gdall Institute(JGI) in Tanzania. 　3　 having a full time jb, I knew I had t g. I was ffered an unpaid internship after 　4　.  But then my lgical mind jumped in, “Yu can’t　5　. What are yu ging t d with yur huse and yur life?” The　6　 were cntinuus, s I hesitated. I wanted answers t my questins abut why this trip 　7　 s much t me, why I had s much fear and what wuld happen if I let g f my 　8　 versin f life. 
I did have answers in my heart that helped me walk thrugh my fear and take n a new　9　. S after several weeks’struggle, I 　10　 made my decisin. I drve t my cmpany headquarters and 　11　 .Sn I barded a plane t Tanzania. On the trip, my heart punded with 　12　—unsure f what I’d find at my destinatin.  During my six-mnth internship, I slwly 　13　 my sul. I met wnderful friends and cmpleted several cmmunity prjects fr JGI. I als visited Gmbe which is hme t chimpanzees and the　14　 staff there wh ffered t take us fr chimpanzee tracking. 
S much happened during my stay and all f it 　15　 the mst wnderful unflding f life lessns. I’ll always carry the lessns and the light f thse memries in my heart. I experienced immeasurable grwth in learning hw t listen t the desires f my sul and hw t defeat fear, and being pen t smething new.
[语篇解读]作者去实习后得到了无法估量的成长,学会了如何战胜恐惧,并对新事物敞开心扉。
　B.accept C.cmfrt up B.came acrss C.put frwardD.brke cmparisn withB.Instead f C.In additin tD.Regardless B.prmising C.applyingB.escape C.refuseD.hesitate1.A　根据第1句“I was wrking n a nvel based n the lives f chimpanzees.”可知,作者在写一部以黑猩猩的生活为题材的小说,所以要了解黑猩猩。2.B　根据下文中的the chance t cmplete a six-mnth internship以及I knew I had t g可知,作者偶然得到了可以去实习的机会。3.D　根据下文中的I knew I had t g可知,作者无论如何一定要去。4.C　在申请之后,作者得到了一个义务的实习机会。5.A　根据下文作者的想法“What are yu ging t d with yur huse and yur life?”可知,作者对于离开家去实习是有忧虑的,理智劝他不要离开。
B.answers C.cmmentsB.lent C.meantB.uncertain C.imprtantB.debate C.adventureB.instantly C.suddenlyD.randmly6.D　根据上文中的But then my lgical mind jumped in可知,作者心中总是有不断的低语声,这使得他犹豫不决。7.C　作者想知道这次旅行对自己意味着什么。8.D　作者对于该不该放弃当前的生活是迷茫的。9.C　根据上文中的helped me walk thrugh my fear and take n a new可知,作者克服了恐惧,准备迎接新生活,开启新的冒险。10.A　作者想了几周,最后做出了决定。
B.resigned C.applauded B.relief C.shameB.evaluated C.filledB.kind C.clumsy withB.mixed up C.disagreed withD.cntributed t11.B　根据下文中的“Sn I barded a plane t Tanzania.”可知,作者去公司不久后就登上了飞机,所以他应该是去公司辞职。12.D　作者因为紧张心怦怦直跳。13.C　根据下文中的“I met wnderful friends and cmpleted several cmmunity prjects fr JGI.”可知,作者认识了很多朋友,还完成了几个社区项目,使自己的生活过得很充实。14.B　根据下文中的ffered t take us fr chimpanzee tracking可知,工作人员愿意带他们去追踪黑猩猩,所以工作人员很友善。15.D　作者认为这六个月发生的事情促成了自己人生课程最精彩的展开。
策略3 熟练使用八个微技法
完形填空主要考查考生在理解整篇文章的基础上具体运用语法知识和词汇的能力,那么它的重点一定是放在对整篇文章的逻辑和结构的理解上,更多地考查考生把握文章的脉络以及分析上下文逻辑的能力,即根据上下文的已知信息来确定答案。但有些考生在做题时,往往会犯以下三种错误:1.中式思维:忽略英语文章的行文逻辑以及英语国家的语言习惯和文化常识;2.主观臆断:不从语境中寻找答案,而是凭自己的主观臆断去选择答案;3.匆忙作答:边看文章边选答案,看似很节省时间,但会造成“一错再错,连续犯错”的恶果。考生做完形填空题,最根本的方法是在全面理解文章大意的基础上,综合运用语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维进行解题。
完形填空的命题原则是“选项语境化,试题语篇化”,由此可知,答案就隐含在上下文语境之中。所以要正确解答完形填空的题目,首先要通读文章,准确把握文章大意。
完形填空一般不在首句设题,这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景信息。记叙文的首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息,说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析首句,往往能获取许多解题信息,因此不可忽视文章的首句。
[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]As a businesswman, I care deeply abut my custmers. But like anyne fr whm yu feel affectin, 　41　 can als drive yu mad. 　　　　 D.receptinists
B　根据首句“As a businesswman, I care deeply abut my custmers.”可知,作者非常关心顾客。根据But可知,此处是指顾客有时会让人发狂。
二、利用主题段、主题句明大意
要理解文章的主旨大意,除了可以通过研究首句信息之外,还可以利用文章的主题段、主题句或者文体特征来把握文章大意。一般来说,主题段和主题句都出现在文章或者段落的开头。
[2020·全国Ⅰ卷]Since ur twins began learning t walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that ur sliding glass dr is just a windw. The 　41　 is bvius. If we 　42　 it is a dr, they’ll want t g utside 　43　. It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently knw the 　44　. But ur insisting it’s 　45　 a windw has kept them frm 　46　 millins f requests t pen the dr.  I hate lying t the kids. One day they’ll 　47　 and discver that everything they’ve always knwn abut windws is a 　48　. 
B.target C.reasnB.believe C.mean B.cnstantly C.temprarily B.danger C.methdB.slightly C.hardly B.apprving C.receiving ut B.give up C.wake upD.stand B.lie C.fantasyD.fact
41~45　CABDA　46~48　DCB本篇完形填空首句提供的信息相对较少,不足以让考生把握文章大意,但文章从第二段开始表达作者的观点——后悔对孩子说谎,因此抓住这一主题句可以让考生把握住文章大意。根据以上节选的内容,我们可以了解到,作者在自己的双胞胎孩子刚学步时,为避免孩子不断地通过滑动玻璃门给其带来麻烦,刻意编造谎言告诉孩子,那是窗户而不是门,而后又后悔对孩子说谎。
完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章,留意文章的细节和措辞,注意瞻前顾后,通读上下文,切忌自以为是。许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、反义复现和代词复现等重复出现来表达,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起。因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境,利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]He bught a bk and was 53.surprised t find a picture f the artist Pierre Bnnard sitting n the same chair in the same 　54　 as his father’s painting.  “That’s the garden in ur picture,” Nicl’s sn tld his 　　　　　 D.garden
D　考查原词复现。由下文中的That’s the garden in ur picture可知,尼科洛的儿子买的一本书中画家的一幅图片中的椅子和花园跟尼科洛得到的画中的一模一样,所以garden是原词复现。
[全国Ⅰ卷]While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life,cllege sets the stage fr that explratin. I myself went thrugh this 　41　 prcess and fund smething that has changed my 42.experience at cllege fr the better:I discvered ASL—American Sign Language (美式手语).  D.frmal
A　考查同义复现。根据上文中While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life的关键词explre及下文的内容可知,此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。
[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]They’ll have ut half the 45.gds in the shp, and want the nly style yu dn’t have left in a 46.particular clur. I d knw hw upset the shp staff can get, but I try t persuade them t keep 　47　. D.changing
B　考查反义复现。根据连词but可知,此处填入的词与前一分句中的upset相反,故选B项。
[2020·浙江卷]The plice 52.arrived and the mtrway ran nrmally again. I culdn’t quite believe my 　53　—it turned ut n ne gt badly hurt,but the utcme culd have been 54.awful.  D.idea
C　考查代词复现。根据下文中的it turned ut n ne gt badly hurt可知,这场意外并没有造成任何的人员伤亡,这是我的幸运,故选C项。
完形填空所选短文通常都是前后连贯、结构严密的文章,脉络自然有序,充分体现了“突出语篇,强调运用”的高考命题指导思想。对语篇逻辑的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查内容之一,这就要求考生不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配,更要从整体上把握文章的结构和脉络。因此,借助语篇标志、理解逻辑关系,有助于快速准确地找出正确答案。
[2020·浙江卷]My heart frze in my chest as I 43.saw the tractr heading twards the 44.mtrway. I ran desperately but failed t 　45　. It crashed thrugh a wden fence and disappeared.  ff　　　　　B.catch upC.hld back D.get ut
B　根据上文中的but和下文中的“It ”可知,我竭尽全力去追赶我的拖拉机,但没追上,故选B项。
[2019·北京卷]Tina Stern 17.received rides frm Wilsn fr all her fur years in cllege, and the trips meant much mre t her than just free 18.transprtatin. “It’s nt just a ride;yu’re nt just sitting there in 19.awkward silence r with yur headphnes n,” Stern said. “He asks yu questins and actually 20.remembers the answers, s the next time yu ride with him, he’ll 　21　 thse things.”  nB.settle nC.check nD.agree n
C　上文提到学生坐他的车时他与学生之间的问和答,这里说下次乘车的时候,他还会核实那些事情,所以此处用check n,表示“核实;检查”。act n“按照……行事”,settle n“选定”,agree n“就……达成一致意见”,均不符合语境。
[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Back hme, Ehlers was trubled by that 45.lst dg. S, fur days later, he called his friend Greg, and the tw drve 　46　. After a lng and careful 47.search, Greg saw, acrss a field, the dg mving 48.cautiusly away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in caxing the animal t him. Nervusness and fear were replaced with 49.jy. It just started licking (舔) Ehlers’ face. D.n
C　由句中的and可知,此题可以根据并列关系解题。根据本段第1句“Back hme, Ehlers was trubled by that lst dg.”可知,Ehlers回家了,但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱,所以四天后他叫上他的朋友Greg,他们开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。
[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷]A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number f birds. 　25　,the number f snakes had declined as well. D.Otherwise
A　此题考查递进关系。空前提到鸟的数量减少了,空后提到蛇的数量也减少了,故此处用Besides (此外)。
考生在做完形填空题时, 仔细体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义, 也是还原作者思想和情感从而成功还原文章的一个技巧。但是考生如果置身事外,见题解题,则既不能体会试卷的教育意义,也容易因“置身事外,不解其中真情”而出错。考生如果将自身代入其中,与主人公一起悲喜,则容易深刻体会其中含义,选对答案。
[2020·浙江卷]The plice 52.arrived and the mtrway ran nrmally again. I culdn’t quite believe my 53.luck —it turned ut n ne gt badly hurt,but the utcme culd have been 54.awful. Dn was given a special 　55　 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.  　　　　　 D.lessn
A　根据破折号后的内容可知,我给Dn提供了特殊的晚餐,故选A项。
能根据生活常识答题,也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。考生在把握全文大意的基础上,有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。很多时候,完形填空的题目会涉及风俗习惯、文化、历史等方面的生活常识,这时考生需要联系相关常识进行解题,从而选出符合语境的最佳答案。
[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷]31.Watering yung plants in the dry seasn was 　32　 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the 33.tp f each sapling (幼树) a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 34.cllect 　　　　　 D.beneficial
A　根据生活常识可知,对这个男孩来说,独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tugh)。
考生在做完形填空题时还有一个办法,那就是排除法。将选项分别代入原文进行判断,只要所选选项在句意、词语搭配、褒贬词性、上下文文风等方面有一方面不符合,就可以判断该选项不符合该空,从而排除。
[2020·浙江卷]Heart in muth, I 47.reached the fence and lked ver. The tractr was 　48　 against the crash barrier in the central reservatin, having miraculusly (奇迹般地) crssed the 49.busy rad with fast-flwing traffic. 　　　　　　　 D.turning
A　根据下文中的against the crash barrier in the central reservatin可知,拖拉机被防撞栏挡住, 停了下来。将四个选项分别代入原文,rest against“停靠”符合语境。
完形填空文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子。不难理解,命题者无非是想通过增加句子长度和使用复杂结构来干扰考生正常的阅读习惯和思维方式,从而达到考查考生综合能力的目的。英语中长难句所要表达的信息量大,结构复杂,附加成分多,分隔现象明显,有时还会出现省略现象。四步攻克长难句:1.找出句子的主干,即找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语;2.找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3.分析从句和短语的功能,要分清楚从句是哪种从句 (名词性从句、定语从句还是状语从句) 以及各个单词、短语和从句之间的关系;4.分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入语等成分。
[2020·全国Ⅱ卷]His sn, age 15, wh had 　49　 an art appreciatin class, thught that there was smething 50.unusual abut the ne with a yung girl sitting n a garden chair. 　　　　　　 D.led
C　此句句式较复杂,分析句子结构,厘清主干是解题的关键。该句的主句为“His sn thught that...”; that there was smething unusual abut the ne with a yung girl sitting n a garden chair是宾语从句,其中包含了with 复合结构;wh had 　49　 an art appreciatin class为定语从句,修饰先行词his sn; age 15作定语。take“学习;修(课程)”。 
熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中不断出现的词汇活用现象。2020年和2021年全国卷都考查了熟词生义。对于一些熟悉单词的生僻含义,考生往往把握不准。所以考生在备考时要注意根据单词本义以及词根,结合单词所处语境推断单词的生僻含义,并尽可能多地掌握多义词的含义。三招攻克熟词生义:
[2021·全国乙卷]Simply saying thank yu desn’t seem enugh in certain situatins. I was cnsidering this while wrking as a 41. nurse just a few weeks ag. And it came t me then hw much easier it wuld be if we had a range f wrds that express different 　42　 f gratitude(感谢).   　　　　　　 D.expectatins
A　本题可以利用熟词生义法答题。根据上文中的“Simply saying thank yu desn’t seem enugh in certain situatins.”可知,作者认为如果有表达不同程度的感谢的词,那么感谢就容易得多了。grades的常见意思是“分数;年级”,但这里需要通过熟词生义的技巧来确定答案,此处应该理解为“程度”,故选A项。
As America cntinued t suffer frm the pandemic (流行病), there were sme rdinary individuals wh held us tgether. Here is hw ne　1　went. Luis Galvan was clearing ff table 411, where a cuple f his mst lyal custmers had 　2　 dinner. Like many thers, his restaurant was hurting. The restaurants had just　3　sme wrkers fr the baseball seasn. Mre than 30 f his emplyees were cunting n a big pening day that wuld never cme. In the days befre the gvernr　4　his state’s restaurants, Galvan was especially　5　 fr regulars such as the nes at table 411. That night, they had　6　abut $90 wrth f fd. But it
was the tip they’d left behind that blew him away. 　7　, it was tw tips. One was $1,900 in cash. The ther written n the credit card receipt was $7,500. The cuple als left a handwritten nte n the receipt: “Hld it t　8　yur guys ver the next few weeks.”  “We were　9　that they were s generus. We didn’t　10　it. They went abve and beynd what was　11　. I wasn’t sure if we were ging t stay pen, but 　12　 we have smene like that, we’re ging t keep ging. We will be ffering fd rders t g,” said Galvan. He divided the mney　13　 amng the emplyees, s everyne gt
abut $300.　14　, Galvan culd nw pay the tip frward. “If there’s anyne wh des nt have fd t eat, r just needs a glass f water, they are　15　t cme by. We are here fr ur cmmunity.” Galvan said.  [语篇解读]Luis Galvan的餐厅受到疫情影响,面临即将倒闭的困境。当Galvan在清理桌子时却得到了一对夫妇留下的巨额小费,Galvan对此感到感激和惊讶,他把钱平均分给了员工,还用为需要帮助的人提供食物和水的方式把这个善举传递下去。
　　B.prject C.recrdB.finished C.taken B.helped C.hired B.designed C.advertisedB.annyed C.gratefulD.srry1.A　根据下文内容可知,本文主要讲述了一个故事,故此处用stry。2.B　根据上文中的Luis Galvan was clearing ff table 411可知,Galvan在清理桌子,这说明顾客已经结束了晚餐。3.C　根据下文中的Mre than 30 f his emplyees可知,餐厅为了棒球赛季雇用了很多员工。4.D　根据上文中的“Like many thers, his restaurant was hurting.”可推测,餐厅因为疫情经营不下去,即将关门。5.C　根据下文可知,常客经常来关照生意,所以Galvan特别感谢他们。
B.rdered C.reservedB.Actually C.FrtunatelyB.recmmend C.testB.smart C.embarrassedB.explain C.expectD.recgnize6.B　根据下文中的abut $90 wrth f fd可知,此处指点餐,故用rder。7.B　根据语境可知,小费实际上分为两部分。8.D　根据语境可知,这对夫妇希望Galvan用这笔钱来给伙计们付工资。9.D　根据下文中的that they were s generus以及上文中的blew him away可知,他们对客人的慷慨感到惊讶。10.C　他们感到惊讶,因为这是他们没有预料到的事情。