(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第3册　Unit 4　Adversity and Courage (含答案)，共14页。




教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队
3．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力
4．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
5．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎n.拥挤的人群
6．stove n．炉具；厨房灶具
7．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产
8．banjo n．班卓琴(乐器)
9．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
10．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行
11．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
12．selfish adj.自私的
13．good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的
14．rugby n．橄榄球运动
15．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
16．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
17．Confucianism n．孔子学说；儒家(学说)
18．Antarctica南极洲
19．the Antarctic南极地区
20．the South Pole南极
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．wage n．工资
2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．vigour n．精力；力量；活力
4．cupboard n．橱柜；壁橱；衣柜
5．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降vt.使下沉；使沉没
6．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
7．blanket n．毯子
8．navy n．海军；海军部队
9．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
11．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
12．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
13．furniture n．家具
14．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声
15．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打
16．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
17．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
18．nephew n．侄子；外甥
19．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
20．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的
21．candidate n．候选人；应试者
22．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
23．motive n．动机；原因；目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书
2．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
3．aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)→board v．上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)；寄宿n.木板；董事会；伙食
4．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
5．envy n．& vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.嫉妒的；羡慕的
6．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
7．resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
8．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产
10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide n．导游；指南vt.带领；引导；为……领路
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传
12．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的→corporation n．(大)公司；法人
13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．turn sb.down拒绝(某人)
2．make fire生火
3．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
高频词汇来助力
1．mess n．凌乱
2．midnight n．午夜
3．mild adj.温和的；轻微的
4．mineral n．矿物质，矿物
5．minister n．部长；牧师
6．minority n．少数；少数民族
7．misleading adj.欺骗的；误导性的
8．mixture n．混合；混合物
经典句式需悟通
1．We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
这些天我们一直在挣扎，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。
2．It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
3．What if they were delayed?
如果他们被延误了怎么办？
4．If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。




Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共9分)
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队
3．steward n．(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
4．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产
5．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
6．voyage n．& vi.航海；航行
7．cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的
8．selfish adj.自私的
9．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共24分)
10．wage n．工资
11．vigour n．精力；力量；活力
12．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
13．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
14．blanket n．毯子
15．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
16．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
17．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的
18．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
19．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
20．candidate n．候选人；应试者
21．motive n．动机；原因；目的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共14分)
22．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书
23．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
24．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配
25．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地→cruelty n．残忍；残酷
26．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地→fortune n．运气；财产
27．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertisement n．广告；宣传
28．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
29．mess n．凌乱
30．mild adj.温和的；轻微的
31．minority n．少数；少数民族
32．misleading adj.欺骗的；误导性的
33．mixture n．混合；混合物
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共6分)
34．turn sb.down 拒绝(某人)
35．make fire生火
36．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)

Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共8分)
1．As far as I’m concerned，the new roommate is honest，genuine，enthusiastic and full of vigour.
2．When you get off the bus，do keep in mind that you must take your belongings.
3．Welcome to one of the largest collections of shoes in the world that will make you green with envy.
4．Unfortunately，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth!
5．Our head teacher requested us to do some thorough(彻底的) cleaning before class the next day.
6．Under the guidance(指导) of our teacher，we finished the experiment perfectly.
7．Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate(s)(应试者) for the position.
8．Abandoned(遗弃) by his owner，the little dog was leading a miserable life.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Today I am as enthusiastic about my job as the first day and my enthusiasm enables me to treat my job enthusiastically.(enthusiastic)
10．Believe it or not，my husband treated me cruelly and his cruelty always made me in low spirits.
(cruel)
11．Instead of resolving to lose weight，try a practical resolution：“I’ll stop having dessert for lunch.” (resolve)
12．Fortunately，he received a large fortune from his uncle who is warm-hearted and generous.
(fortunate)
13．He committed himself to working day and night.His commitment won him a great reputation.
(commit)
14．He persevered with his violin lessons.It was his perseverance that enabled him to become a distinguished violinist.(persevere)
15．He has educational qualifications and hence he is well qualified for the job as a tutor.(qualify)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题5分，共20分)
16．我一直梦想着被一所重点大学录取。
I have been dreaming of being admitted to a key university.
17．只要你采纳我的建议，你一定会在北京上大学期间拥有最难忘的经历。
As long as you take my advice，you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
18．要是我学习英语时遇到许多困难怎么办？
What if I come across many difficulties when I study English?
19．如果我是你，我肯定会充分利用时间来提高我的学业成绩。
If I were you，I would certainly make full use of the time to improve my academic performance.

Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton is an adventure that I 1.have been dreaming(dream) of.However,2.when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t 3.qualified(qualify)，so I had no choice but to secretly go aboard his ship，the Endurance.Later I 4.was discovered(discover) and Shackleton had to assign me to be 5.a steward.The journey wasn’t very easy，for the Endurance was stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton 6.calmly(calm) told us to rescue our most essential supplies and he 7.himself(he) threw away all his gold.He allowed Hussey to keep his banjo，8.which made us surprised.We had been struggling for days，but things were going from bad to worse.Soon after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackleton left us to find help.Sometimes we were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.I tried to think of 9.happier(happy) things.I was grateful for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others.Their 10.perseverance(persevere) and their resolve filled me with hope.
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Using Language部分

We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island to seek help.Twenty-two of us were left behind.Staying alive took all our time and energy.We drank water from the melted ice.We 1.made fire using animal fat and this 2.gave off the black smoke.We ate sea animals.We lived like this in the cold for four months.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us 3.persevere in staying alive.Finally，Shackleton paid us back by his 4.commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.What happened during the time were precious 5.episodes in our life.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He is selfish and bad-tempered.Thus，he will never be enthusiastic about helping those in trouble.
(2)While he is leading a miserable life，he still can treat people around him with enthusiasm(enthusiastic)．
•be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)……热情
•enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm热情地
•enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。
I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with，which makes me qualified for the voluntary work advertised in the newspaper.
(4)尽管失败了几次，伯纳德和杰克仍然热情地做爆米花。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)
Bernard and Jack still made popcorn enthusiastically/with enthusiasm in spite of several failures.
aboard adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
•go aboard上船(飞机、火车等)
•board vt.& vi.上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等) n．木板；董事会；伙食
on board 在船(火车或飞机)上
•broad adj.宽阔的；广阔的
•abroad adv.在/到国外；在/到海外
go abroad出国

能力提升——完美写作·完成句子/一句多译·背诵
(1)他高个，宽肩，留着胡子，总是满面微笑。(读后续写之外貌描写)
He was tall with broad shoulders and a beard and always wore a broad smile.
(2)得知你将去国外深造，我写信告知你一些必要的注意事项。(应用文之告知信)
Learning that you will go abroad for further study，I’m writing to inform you of some necessary do’s and don’ts.
(3)这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。
①The instant the young couple went aboard the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(aboard)
②The instant the young couple boarded the ship，they were eating，talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world.(board)
envy n.& vt.羡慕；嫉妒
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I was green with envy from the bottom of my heart because he was leading a cosy and decent life.
(2)I envied(envy) him being enthusiastic and full of vigour and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.
•envy sb.(doing) sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事
•with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地
green with envy嫉妒地眼红

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。
Honestly speaking，I do envy you getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.
(4)李明不仅学得快，而且善于用逻辑思维解决难题，我都有点眼红了。
Not only is Li Ming quick at learning but also he is good at solving tough problems with logical mind.I am green with envy.
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
n．放任；放纵
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)He abandoned asking(ask) for his guidance，which was beyond our expectations.
(2)My nephew abandoned himself to abusing(abuse) drugs and he couldn’t make a commitment to his study.
•abandon oneself to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)……；纵情于(做)……
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
•abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to (doing) sth.沉湎于(做)……

再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(3)(普通表达)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.
①(高级表达)Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②(高级表达)Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)
n．决心；坚定的信念
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)I resolved to turn(turn) down his invitation because my teacher assigned too much homework.
(2)The steward has resolved(resolve) many problems on the plane perfectly，so he is certainly qualified for his job.
•resolve to do sth.决定做某事
•resolution n.决定；解决

再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)文化遗产代表我们祖先的智慧，因此我们国家决定不遗余力地保护它们。(写作话题之文化遗产与保护)
Cultural relics represent the wisdom of our ancestors，so our country has resolved to spare no effort to protect them.
(4)为了解决冲突，我们应该学会多沟通，把自己放在别人的位置上。(写作话题之人际沟通)
To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Unfortunately(unfortunate)，I still failed in spite of endurance and perseverance.
(2)Fortunately(fortunate)，I managed to join the navy and went on a voyage two months later.
•unfortunate adj.不幸的
•fortunate adj.幸运的
be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.有幸做某事
•fortunately adv.幸运地
•fortune n．机遇；运气；财富
have the good fortune to do sth.有幸做某事
make a fortune发财；发迹

再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)我有幸得到一次沿丝绸之路旅行的宝贵机会。
①I am fortunate to get/in getting a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortunate)
②I have the good fortune to get a precious opportunity to travel along the Silk Road.(fortune)
what if...
What if they were delayed? 如果他们被延误了怎么办？
•What if...？意为“要是……会怎么样，如果……将会怎样”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。
•What/How about...？……怎么样？
•What(...) for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？
•So what？那又怎么样？

根据句意用上述短语填空
(1)I grew anxious：what if the family had simply left the cat behind?
(2)—Will you please go and empty that drawer?
—What for?
(3)—Linda didn’t invite us to the party.
—So what? I don’t care.
(4)How/What about meeting at the nearby restaurant so that we can have a nice small talk?
if引导的虚拟语气
If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海上的动物，我们都会饿死的。

本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用如下：

虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
(1)动词的过去式
(2)were to＋动词原形
(3)should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形


能力提升——完美写作·语段填空/单句写作·背诵
(1)受邀在这里做演讲我感到荣幸。今天我的演讲主题是“如果我是一名环卫工人”。如果我是一名环卫工人，我会让我们的城市更干净，街上没有任何垃圾。
I feel honored to be invited here to deliver a speech.Today the topic of my speech is “If I were a dustman”．If I were a dustman，I would make our city cleaner with no rubbish lying on the street.
(2)如果我早听从你的建议，我就会通过这场重要的考试了。
If I had followed your advice，I would have passed the important exam.
(3)如果我明天看到他，我就会告诉他我在昨天举行的比赛中获得第一名的好消息。
If I saw/were to see/should see him tomorrow，I would inform him of the good news that I ranked first in the competition held yesterday.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
rough

1．I can’t tolerate sailing in rough sea. A
2．According to a rough estimate，about fifty seals starve to death annually. C
3．I don’t know how to release the pressure in such a rough time. D
4．The ice on the rough road has melted and it is safe to drive on it now. B
5．He is such a rough child that he doesn’t behave himself. E

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．My heart sank(sink) when I was informed that my moderate reforms ended up in failure.
2．When I submitted the regulations I designed to my boss，he turned me down immediately.
3．I am writing to tell you that I am qualified(qualify) for the job you are advertising.
4．Our monitor is enthusiastic about creating a harmonious campus and he often launches some campaigns to promote it.
5．These policies will be abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems next year.
6．We have resolved to reduce(reduce) our carbon footprint by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce.
7．Fortunately(fortunate)，I succeeded in seizing this precious chance to be a volunteer in the activity.
8．As is known to us all，he has remained loyal to his political principles and he will never betray his motherland.
9．Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
10．The enterprises have thoroughly(thorough) implemented what they have promised to the public.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(话题写作之人际交往)
1．我一直和我的同学相处得不好，我不知道如何和他们交流。(have been doing)
I have been getting on badly with my classmates and I don’t know how to communicate with them.
2．要是我一直困在这种糟糕的情况中会怎么样呢？(What if)
What if I keep being trapped in such a terrible situation?
3．我亲爱的老师们一直告诉我：“只要你足够自信，抓住每个和别人聊天的机会，你就可以改变这种情况。”(as long as)
My dear teachers keep telling me，“As long as you are confident enough and grasp every chance to chat with others，you can transform the situation.”
4．如果老师们没有帮助我，我就不会和我的同学交朋友了。(if引导的虚拟语气)
If the teachers hadn’t given me a hand，I wouldn’t have made friends with my classmates.


请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：现在完成进行时)

Born in a wealthy family，my nephew，Jack，led such a thoroughly decent and cosy life that he hardly met with cruel adversities.He has been dreaming of an adventure since he was young.At 18，Jack 1.resolved to join an expedition advertised in the newspaper，but the leader turned him down because he thought Jack was not 2.qualified.Full of vigour，Jack never abandoned his dream for he was so 3.enthusiastic about a great voyage.At 19，he joined the navy and was assigned to be a steward with low wages.On a bitter cold day，the crew went 4.aboard a massive ship bound for Atlantic Ocean.Jack was genuine，good-tempered and loyal and he wasn’t selfish，either.He often played the banjo for recreation.So those on the ship all liked him.Unfortunately，one day，the motor broke down and the ship got crushed on a huge iceberg.When the ship sank，their hearts also 5.sank.At that time，the calm captain made a commitment to save them and commanded them to throw away their belongings such as stoves，blankets，bats，cupboards and other pieces of furniture.Finally，they were 6.fortunate enough to escape the ship.It was their endurance，resolution and perseverance that helped them survive.On the distant island，Jack managed to make fire with animal fat，which gave off a smelly smell and then he cooked sea animals.One month later，they were saved by a passing ship.In summary，it has been a miserable but unforgettable episode in Jack’s life.

练基础——单句语法填空
1．The boss has been promising(promise) a rise in salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet.
2．Sarah is very tired.She has been working(work) very hard recently.
3．I can’t open the door because I have lost(lose) the key.
技巧一点通
现在完成进行时表示一个动作从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，由“have/has been doing”构成；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果，由“have/has done”构成。现在完成进行时强调动作的重复，现在完成时强调动作的完成。

提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
我最好的朋友和我一直在等待沿长江骑行的机会。现在我已经大学毕业。尽管我的家人一直试图说服我们放弃这个计划，但是我们已经下定决心。我们充分准备之后，将在7月17日出发。
My best friend and I have been waiting for a chance to take a bike trip along the Yangtze River.Now I have graduated from college.Although my family have been trying to persuade us to give up the plan，we have resolved.After we have fully prepared for the trip，we will set off on July 17.