(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题4 第4讲　特殊句式 (含答案)

这是一份(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义 语法专项突破 专题4 第4讲　特殊句式 (含答案)，共9页。
第4讲　特殊句式考点一　感叹句、祈使句和强调句“What a beautiful garden！① How beautiful the red flowers are！①”The kids shouted.“Can we go into the garden，Mrs Green？” “Yes.But don’t pick or harm the flowers while appreciating them②. It was with great patience that the gardener grew them.③” “Yes，Mrs Green. Let’s explore the garden.②”①为感叹句，结构为：What ＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋主语＋谓语或How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。②为祈使句，结构为：Do sth./Don’t do sth.有时后面会加上“and/or＋句子”。③强调句结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。 1．强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。2．It is/was...who/that...结构不能强调谓语动词。可用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。I do hope to receive your early reply.我真的希望早日收到你的回复。Do remember to lock the door when you leave the office.在你离开办公室的时候，一定要记得锁门。3．当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It was Tom who/that I came across in the library yesterday.昨天我在图书馆里遇见的是汤姆。It was in the library that I met Tom yesterday.我昨天是在图书馆里遇见的汤姆。4．强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分？Was it in the library that you met Tom yesterday?昨天你是在图书馆里遇见的汤姆吗？5．强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?你昨天是在哪里遇见的汤姆？6．not...until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until...＋that＋其他部分。It was not until yesterday that I was told that he was ill in hospital.直到昨天我才被告知他生病住院了。点对点练习单句语法填空1．Work hard，and you will make progress in English.2．Hurry up，or you will miss the train.3．What a beautiful picture it is!4．How moving the story is!5．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.6．It wasn’t until 1706 that Thomas Twining founded the world’s first dry tea and coffee shop in London.7．It is because of her strong will that she never gives up whatever difficulties she meets.考点二　倒装倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。完全倒装是把谓语完全放在主语之前。1．部分倒装Never will my mother go to the amusement park again.① Not only was it dirty①， but also it was noisy.So noisy was it that I couldn’t hear my mother.②Only when she shouted at me at the top of her voice could I hear what she was sayingIf mother won’t go，neither will I④.The reason is simple.Near as it is⑤，I can’t go there alone because I have no sense of direction.①never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。②so/such...that...结构中的so，such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。③“only＋状语”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。④表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义。⑤在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词原形要位于句首，构成倒装结构。 2．全部倒装On the platform was a student giving a speech.① In the corner sat a shy boy.① Then came the boy’s turn②.“Come onto the platform，” said the teacher③.There went the boy.④Though his hands were trembling，he began his speech.①表地点的介词短语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。②表示时间的副词then，now位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。③直接引语位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。④表示方位方向的副词here，there，out，in，up，down，away位于句首，引起句子全部倒装。口诀：方位方向加时间，地点介短直引提前。 1．在as/though引导的部分倒装结构中，如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，则其前不加冠词。Child as he was，he finished his task with great courage and determination.尽管他只是一个孩子，他还是满怀着决心和勇气完成了任务。2．在全部倒装结构中，主语只能是名词而不能是代词。 Look！Here comes the bus.看！汽车来了。不能说Here comes it.要说Here it comes.点对点练习单句语法填空1．Next door to ours live(live) a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.2．Absurd as/though it might sound，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.3．Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.4．Here are(be) some suggestions，which I hope will be of benefit to you.完成句子5．Only when you realize the importance of English can you put your heart into it.只有当你认识到英语的重要性时，你才能全身心投入其中。6．Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way but also they can strengthen their self-confidence.通过这种方式，学生们不仅能提高他们的写作能力，而且还能增强自信心。7．So much homework do we have to do every day that we have little time to have a rest.每天我们不得不做如此多的作业，以至于我们几乎连休息的时间都没有。8．The parents didn’t tolerate their kids’ rudeness at the party，nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.父母不能容忍他们的孩子在聚会上表现得没礼貌，也不允许自己的命令不被服从。考点三　省略—You shouldn’t read books while having lunch①. If so②，you will make the book dirty.Would you like to put your book aside now.—I’d like to③，but the book is so interesting that I can’t tear myself away from it.—Do you want to have a stomachache?—No，I hope not④.I will put it away right now.①在while，when，where，as if，if，though，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而从句主语又与主句主语一致或从句主语是it时，状语从句中的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。②if ever如果曾发生过的话；if busy 如果忙的话；if any如果有的话；if possible如果可能的话；if so如果这样的话；if not如果不的话；if necessary如果必要的话。③在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。④英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I’m afraid，I hope，I think，I guess，I believe等开头的答句中。 1．在状语从句的省略中，若省略，则主语和be动词一起省略，若保留则一起保留。You are not careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street.在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。2．在状语从句的省略中，考查连词之后的非谓语动词时，要考虑该动词与主句主语之间的关系。Though lacking money，his parents managed to send him to college.尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法让他去上大学。He always keeps silent unless asked.除非被问到，他总是保持沉默。点对点练习单句语法填空1．We finished the task two days earlier than expected(expect)．2．—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?—As I know，he spends at least as much time playing as he does writing(write)．3．We all know that，if not carefully dealt(deal) with，the situation will get worse.4．He suddenly turned around as if to make(make) sure that nobody was following him.单句语法填空1．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six         (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案　are解析　考查省略。根据“three are declining”可知，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故谓语用复数形式；由后文中的“nine lack enough data”可知，用一般现在时，故填are。 2．It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house      we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018·天津)答案　that解析　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句，被强调的是only when引导的时间状语从句。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that＋其他。故填that。3．In any unsafe situation，simply         (press) the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018·北京)答案　press解析　此题为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。如果是省略句，注意补全缺失部分之后再解题。2．根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和数；(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。层级一　基础达标练单句语法填空1．Professor Salovery，who invented the term EQ，gives the following description：At work，it is IQ          gets you promoted.答案　that解析　考查强调句型。该处为it is...that...强调句，强调了主语IQ。故填that。2．Yes，of course they celebrate Christmas here，and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets，but          seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.答案　there解析　考查there be句型。be动词可用lie，exist，remain等替代。3．Although it was ten years ago          I read the book，it showed me a universal truth that books were friends，always pushing us to move on.答案　that解析　分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语“ten years ago”，所以填that。4．Present at the party last night         (be) Mr Green and many other guests.答案　were解析　考查倒装。分析句子结构可知，此处为表语提前的倒装结构，主语为“Mr Green and many other guests”，由时间状语“last night”可知，此处应用were。5．—What did she want to know，Tom?—She wondered when it was         we could complete the experiment.答案　that解析　考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，答句中wondered后的宾语从句为强调句型的特殊疑问句式的陈述语序，强调特殊疑问词when，故此处应填that。6．Some of you may have finished the text.         so，you can go on to the next.答案　If解析　考查省略。此处为if条件句的省略，if so如果这样的话。层级二　高考真题练单句语法填空1．It was when I got back to my apartment         I first came across my new neighbors.(2017·天津)答案　that解析　此处为强调句型：it’s...that...，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。2．        (be) it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017·江苏)答案　Were解析　该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，省略if后需要将were提前构成倒装。3．But like so many other things，it is only too much stress           does you harm.(2016·上海)答案　that解析　将it is与空处去掉后，“too much stress does you harm”句子成分完整，句意明确，故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是主语，故空格处应填that。4．Only when Lily walked into the office          she realize that she had left the contract at home.(2015·天津)答案　did 解析　考查倒装及时态。句意为：直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。“only＋状语从句”位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语“when Lily walked into the office”可知，要用一般过去时。故填did。5．Into the complete silence of the waiting class         (come) the teacher’s sweet voice，“Good morning，children.”(2015·湖北)答案　came解析　考查倒装句。本句为表示方位的介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装结构。因此答案为came。层级三　语篇提能练语法填空Chengdu is largely considered as a city of leisure.It was the slow-paced lifestyle 1.         put the city on the list of the 21 must-go travel spots of 2017 in the travel magazine National Geographic.One of the greatest pleasures in Chengdu is 2.        (it) food，which is famous 3.        the use of Sichuan peppercorn.Nothing is more important to Chengdu people than food.They enjoy 4.        (search) out small restaurants in out-of-the-way 5.        (place) that may just specialize in a couple of dishes.Chengdu has the 6.        (high) density of restaurants in the world.No wonder it 7.        (become) the fast Asian city named as a City of Gastronomy (美食) by UNESCO in 2010.Another important part of local daily life is the city’s teahouses.The teahouses,8.         (find) all over Chengdu，are much more than just a place to drink tea.They are places to do business，meet with friends，show off pet birds，listen to Sichuan Opera，and most 9.        (important)，play mahjong.As a local saying goes，“If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong 10.         on the way to play mahjong.”语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个休闲城市——成都，其生活节奏比较慢，有许多地方特色美食以及遍布全城的各式茶馆。 1．答案　that　解析　考查强调句型。所填词与句首的It was构成“It was...that...”的强调句，强调的是主语the slow-paced lifestyle，故填that。2．答案　its解析　考查代词。所填词修饰名词food，作定语，故用形容词性物主代词its。3．答案　for解析　考查介词。be famous for...以……闻名，是固定搭配。4．答案　searching解析　考查非谓语动词。enjoy后跟动名词作宾语，enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。5．答案　places解析　考查名词复数。place“地方”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用复数形式。6．答案　highest解析　考查形容词最高级。由空前的the及比较范围可知，此处应用形容词最高级。7．答案　became解析　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语in 2010可知，应用一般过去时。8．答案　found解析　考查非谓语动词。the tea houses与find之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。9．答案　importantly解析　考查词性转换。most importantly最重要的是，是固定短语。10．答案　or解析　考查并列句。either...or...或者……或者……，是固定用法。1．感叹句典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)多么有意义的一次经历啊！What a meaningful experience!运用　(2020·全国Ⅱ)这是一次多么有趣的经历啊！What an interesting experience it was!2．祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)我正要放弃的时候老师对我喊：“坚持，你会成功的。”I was about to give up when my teacher shouted at me，“Keep up，and you will make it.”运用　(2020·浙江)埃莉(Ellie)说：“快点，否则熊会追上我们的。”“Hurry up，or the bear will catch up with us，” said Ellie.3．强调句典例　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)怀着巨大的勇气和决心我才穿过了终点线。It was with great courage and determination that I finally crossed the finishing line.运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)不是我而是约翰想出了这个好主意。It was not I but John who came up with such a good idea.4．“only＋状语”位于句首的倒装句典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)众所周知，只有通过努力训练我们才能在比赛时表现出色。As is known to all，only by practicing hard can we perform well in the match.运用　(2017·全国Ⅱ)只有当你了解了李白的生平之后，你才能更好地学习他的诗歌。Only after you have a knowledge of Li Bai’s life can you learn his poems better.5．倒装句(so＋adj.＋be＋sb./sth.＋that从句)典例　(2016·浙江)简是如此害怕以至于她不敢睡觉。So frightened was Jane that she didn’t dare to sleep.运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)伯纳德(Bernard)是如此开心以至于他给了约翰一个大大的拥抱。So happy was Bernard that he gave John a big hug.6．全部倒装典例　(2016·浙江)杰克在树下站着，张开双臂等着她。Under the tree stood Jack，waiting for her with his arms open.运用　(2020·1月浙江)在后院有两只在草坪上快乐打滚(tumble)的狗狗。In the backyard were two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland.