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    人教版七年级下册英语各单元知识点

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    人教版七年级下册英语各单元知识点
    Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. play chess 下国际象棋 2. play the guitar 弹吉他
    3. speak English 说英语 4. English club 英语俱乐部
    5. talk to 跟…说 6. play the violin 拉小提琴
    7. play the piano 弹钢琴 8. play the drums 敲鼓
    9. make friends 结交朋友 10. do kung fu 练(中国) 功夫
    11. tell stories 讲故事 12. play games 做游戏
    13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末 14.help sb with sth.

    ◆用法集萃
    1. play +棋类/球类 下……棋,打……球
    2. play the +西洋乐器 弹/拉……乐器
    3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
    4. be good with sb. / sth. 和某人相处地好,善于应付…的,对…有办法
    be good to+名词对…友好 be good for+名词 对…有好处
    5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
    6. can + 动词原形 能/会做某事
    7. a little + 不可数名词 一点儿……
    8. join the …club 加入…俱乐部
    join用作
    1)不及物动词,意为“参加,加入”,后面加in,表示参加某项活动
    2)用作及物动词,意为“加入到…之中,与一道去”,后接表示人的名词或代词做宾语,表示和这些人一起进行某项活动
    3)还用来表示参加军队、政党、组织等,并成为其中一员,相当于become a member of…
    join the party入党 join the army参军 join the league入团
    4) take part in 意思是“参加,参与“,着重指积极参加有组织的活动。
    Many students take part in the game.
    9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事
    10.show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb. 把某物给某人看
    11. talk about 谈论、议论、讨论。侧重谈论的内容
    talk with 两个人的交谈,是指谈话的双方有交流
    talk to和某人说话,对某人说。一般指某人在说,对方呈“听”的状态,侧重于一人说,另一人听
    12. help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
    13. call sb. up打电话给某人 call sb. in招来、叫来 call at 停靠,停留 call for sb.去接某人
    14. say指用语言表达思想,着重说话的内容。
    speak强调说话的动作、声音,而不强调内容。表示在正式场合发言、演讲或表示说某种语言。
    talk表示两个人或多个人在一起讲话、谈论,多指随意谈论。
    tell意思是“告诉、讲述、吩咐”,通常跟双宾语。讲故事或笑话多用tell.
    She loves to stories.
    He Russian.
    Can you it in English?
    The teacher with his students.
    Don’t to the boy.

    ◆典句必背
    1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
    2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
    3. You can join the English club.
    4. Sounds good./That sounds good.
    5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
    6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.

    ◆语法
    1.情态动词can的用法及一般疑问句
    Can本身不表示动作,常表示体力或脑力方面的能力
    1)肯定句Can+动词原形,能够/会做某事
    2)否定式是can’t或cannot+动词原形
    3)一般疑问句,把can提至主语前,回答也用can
    She can swim.
    --She can’t swim.
    --Can she swim? Yes, she can.
    4)特殊疑问句
    还可以与疑问词一起用在特殊问句中。
    Who can swim?
    2.选择疑问句
    问话人提出两种或两种以上的情况,让对方选择其中一种回答。并列的两部分用or连接,意为“或者…;还是…”。回答不用yes或no,而是从中选择一个正确的回答
    Is the car new or old? It’s new. I bought it only three days ago.
    and
    表示并列关系,前后成分要一致。常用于肯定句
    My teacher is kind and helpful.
    or
    作并列连词时,用于否定句。表示转折时意为“否则”
    Put on your coat,or you will catch a cold.

    ◆话题写作
    Dear Sir,
    I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I’m a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.
    I hope to get your letter soon.
    Yours,
    Mike
    Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. what time 几点 2. go to school 去上学
    3. get up 起床 4. take a shower 洗淋浴
    5. brush teeth 刷牙 6. get to 到达
    7. do homework 做家庭作业 8. go to work 去上班
    9. go home 回家 10. eat breakfast 吃早饭
    11. get dressed 穿上衣服 12. get home 到家
    13. either…or… 要么…要么… 14. go to bed 上床睡觉
    15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上 16. take a walk 散步
    17. lots of=a lot of 许多,大量 18. radio station 广播电台
    19. at night 在晚上 20. be late for=arrive late for 迟到

    ◆用法集萃
    1. at + 具体时间点 在几点(几分)
    2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
    3. thirty\half past +基数词 ……点半
    4. fifteen\a quarter to +基数词 差一刻到……点
    5. take a/an +名词 从事……活动
    6. from …to … 从……到……
    7. need to do sth 需要做某事
    8. 介词 at 常用于具体时刻之前,意义为“在……”,如:at 5:00 在5:00钟。
    o’clock=of the clock 表示“……点钟”,其前通常是整点
    如:six/seven/eight o’clock 六/七/八点钟。
    注:介词at 除了指时间以外,还可指
    1)人物的所在之处,如:at my uncle’s home 在我姑姑家, at the station 在火车站.
    2)朝向,如:look at me!看我!
    3)指速度或价格.如:she buys the book at a good price 她以优惠的价格买了这本书。
    9. about与on
    释:about作介词,意为“关于、大约、对于”。作“关于”解,可用on代替。
    例如:a song about him有关他的一首歌。
    on作介词,意为“关于”。侧重于书籍、文章、演讲的严肃性或学术性,指可供专门研究某一问题的人阅读的书籍。
    例如:a book on the history 有关历史的书。
    注:在动词learn、read、quarrel、hear和名词story后一般用about而非on。
    10. tell sb. about sth.告诉某人有关某事的情况。
    11.write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.给某人写信。
    12. start/begin to do sth.和start/begin doing sth.
    13.do homework意为做家庭作业,其中homework为不可数名词,这个短语=do one’s lessons
    14. love to do sth.=like to do sth.very much.喜欢做某事,强调具体活动。
    love doing sth.=like doing sth. very much则强调习惯。


    ◆典句必背
    1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.
    2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.
    3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.
    4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
    5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..
    6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.
    7. Here are your clothes.

    u 语法
    1. 频度副词
    常用于动词be 、情态动词或助动词之后,行为动词之前。也可放在句首表示强调
    常见频度副词Never, sometimes, often, usually, always
    1)always 意思是“总是”、“永远”,指的是没有例外,表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断,通常用来修饰动词的一般时态。
    例如:We always get up before six o'clock.我们总是六点前起床。
    若修饰动词进行时,则有“老是”,“再三地”的意思,带有厌烦、不满、赞美等感情色彩。例如:You are always coming late.你老是迟到。(含有责备的意思)
    He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人。
    2)usually(75%)意为“通常”,着重表示已习惯的动作。反义词为:unusually。
    例如:They usually have four classes in the morning.他们上午通常上四节课。
    They usually do some shopping on Sunday.他们通常星期天买东西。
    3)often(50%)意为“时常”、“经常”,表示常常这样,但不总是这样强调动作发生的次数,反义词为: seldom。
    例如:She often helps her mother with her housework after school.
    放学后她常常帮助母亲做家务。
    We often go to see our teacher.我们常去看望我们的老师。[来源:学+科+网Z+X+X+K]
    4)sometimes(20%)表示“有时”、“不时”的意思,说明的是偶尔发生的事情或情况。它的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中、句末。
    例如:Sometimes I come on foot.有时我步行来。
    It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here.这里有时,热有时冷。
    5)never“从不”,表示否定
    ★下面的排列更直观地说明了这几个词的频率的"大小",频率由高到低。
    always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never
    2. what 意为“多么的,何等的”,用于感叹句中,修饰后面的单数或复数名词,其句式结构为:
    (1)What a/an +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!
    what a good girl she is!她是多么好的女孩啊!
    (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
    What good girls they are!她们是多么好的女子啊!
    (3)What +形容词+不可为名词+主语+谓语!
    What terrible weather it is! 多么恶劣的天气啊!
    注:how也可以引导感叹句,how 为副词,在感叹句中修饰动词,形容词或副词:
    (1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
        How cold it is! 多冷啊! How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
    (2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
       How he loves his son! 他多么爱他的儿子啊!
    (3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
        How tall a tree it is! 多么高的一棵树啊!
    3. 由疑问词what time(几点)/when引导的特殊问句。
    1)结构:What time +助动词do/does +主语+动词原形,when+助动词do/does +主语+动词原形,“询问某人做某事的具体时间”。
    例如:what time do you begin class in the morning?你们早晨几点开课?
    注:What’s the time=What time is it?也是用来询问时间,意为“几点了”。
    2)回答:it’s…
    例如:What’s the time? It’s 7:30.几点了?七点半了。
    4. what his job is表示“他的工作是什么 ”,其中,what his job I 作think的宾语。英语中类似的表达很多,它们在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等。
    例如:What she says is very good.她说得很好。(作主语。注意,谓语动词要用单数。)
    The book is just what you want.这本书正是你想要的。(作表语)
    I don't know what you say.我不懂你说的话。(作宾语)
    5. 英语时刻的表达法:顺读法和逆读法。
    顺读法:钟点数+分钟数。
    例如:4:25→four twenty-five,6:58→six fifty-eitht,7:→seven o clock
    说明:这种表达不论分钟数是多少,均可使用。
    逆读法:分钟为+介词to/past+钟点数,可分两种情况:
    1)分钟为不超过半小时,用分钟数+past(/pa:st/过)+钟点数。
    例如:4:23→twenty-three past four,5:19→nineteen past five.
    2)分钟数超过了半小时,用(所差的)分钟的+to+(下一个)钟点为。
    例如:7:31→twenty-nine to eight,10:58→two to eleven
    说 明:在逆读法中分钟数逢 “五”逢 “十”可省略minute(s)。否则应加上。当然,英语习惯上把十五分钟(fifteen)称作一刻a quarter(kwo:to),三十分钟(thirty)称为half/half,因此10:30,可以用两种表达方式,half past ten,ten thirty。
    6. 一般现在时(to do 句型)
    1)句型语序:主语+谓语(行为动词)+宾语+状语
    2)主谓一致:主语三单,谓语三单;主语非三单,谓语用原形。
    3)句型转换:变疑问句首加do/does,谓语动词用原形;
    变否定谓语动词原形前加don’t/doesn’t.
    注:一般现在时的第三人称单数动词的变化规则:
    (1).一般在动词词尾加“s”。如:like→likes,play→plays。
    (2).以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在词尾加es,如:do→does,teach→teaches,go→goes
    (3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es。如:fly→flies, apply→applies study→studies

    ◆话题写作
    主题:谈论日常作息习惯
    My School Day
    I am a student. I usually get up at seven, and I eat breakfast at seven thirty. Then I go to school at eight. School starts at eight thirty. I eat lunch at twelve. I go home at 17:00. I often eat dinner at 19:00 and then play the piano. I do my homework at 20:00. At 22:00, I go to bed.



    Unit 3 How do you get to school?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. get to school 到达学校 2. take the subway 乘地铁
    3. ride a bike 骑自行车 4. how far 多远
    5. from home to school 从家到学校 6. every day 每天
    7. take the bus 乘公共汽车 8. by bike 骑自行车
    9. bus stop 公共汽车站 10. think of 认为
    11. between … and … 在…和…之间 12. one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 13. play with … 和…玩 14. come true 实现
    15. have to 不得不

    ◆用法集萃
    1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
    2. How do / does (sb)get to …? …是怎样到…的?
    3. How far is it from … to …? 从…到…有多远?
    4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
    5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花费多长时间?
    6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
    7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感谢你(做)某事。
    8. between和 among
    1)among指“在…(三者或三者以上)之间”,其比喻通常是一个数量不明确的复数名词,或含有复数意义的代词,而between则指”在…(两者)之间”,多与and连用,其宾语往往是一个有具体数目的人或物,或者是由and连接的两个具体的人或物
    We visit him at his workplace among the young trees.
    He says that he can come between 8:00and 9:00 on Wednesday.
    2)当between用于三者或三者以上时,强调”两两之间”,侧重指人或物各自独立,而among强调”彼此不分”
    This village is among the hills.
    We have too many desks in our class. There is hardly any room to move between them.
    9.boring指事物让人感到无聊,无趣,枯燥,指事物本身无趣,主语是物
    bored指人感到无聊,无趣,枯燥,指人感到厌烦,主语是人I never get bored with reading and rereading this book.
    10.many修饰可数名词复数,表示许多
    how many多少,对名词复数进行提问
    Much修饰不可数名词,表示许多
    how much对不可数名词的量及价格提问
    11.come back回来; come down 下来;come from 来自;come up上来,发生; come out出来,出版; come on加油,改进; come in进来,进入; come over短暂造访
    12.get to 后面常接表示地点的名词,若后接home,here,there等副词,则get后省略to
    arrive不及物动词,后面接地点名词时需加介词in或at,大地点用in,小地点用at
    reach是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语,一般不接地点副词

    u 语法
    1. how far意为“多远”,对距离进行提问,答语常用“It’s+数词 +miles/meters/kilometers”也可直接用“数词 +miles/meters/kilometers”
    How far is it from your home to school? It’s three miles.
    2. how long,意为“多长时间”,表示一段时间,答语常用“For/About+时间段”,也可以对物体的长度进行提问
    how long does it take to get there? About half an hour.
    3. how soon意为“将过多久,多久以后”,常用在一般将来时中,答语常用“In+时间段”
    I hear there will be a concert of Sun Yanzi. How soon will it start?
    In two days.
    4. 用介词短语表示交通方式,介词短语在句中作状语
    1) 用“by+交通工具名词”表示交通方式
    By ship/train/plane/taxi/bus/car/bike
    2) 用“by+交通路线”表示交通方式
    By water/land/sea/air
    3) 用“in/out+冠词/形容词性物主代词/指示代词+交通工具名词”来表示。其中,in多用在car等交通工具之间,而on多用在bike,motorbike,horse,bus,train等工具之前
    On a bike, on a bus
    4) On foot是固定搭配,表示步行,不能用复数形式。
    5. 用动词短语表示交通方式,动词短语在句中作谓语
    1) 用“take a the+交通工具名词”表示交通方式
    Take a train; take a bus; take a ship; take a plane; ride a bike
    2) 用某些动词来表示交通方式
    Walk to ; drive to; ride to; fly to
    6. It is+形容词+(for sb.+)to do sth.,意为“(对某人来说)做某事怎么样”
    It is difficult to finish the work today.
    It’s very important for us to study English well.
    7. It takes(sb.) some time to do sth.句型,如果对句中的时间进行提问只能使用how long

    ◆典句必背
    1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
    2. How far is it from your home to school?
    3. How long does it take you to get to school?
    4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.
    5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.

    ◆话题写作
    主题:上学的交通方式 写作思路:开篇点题:点出自己的出行方式;具体内容:自己选择这种交通方式的原因;结束语: 表明自己的观点。
    The Best Way for Me to Go to School
    Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.
    First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.
    So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?



    Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.
    ◆短语归纳
    1. on time 准时,按时 2. listen to … 听……
    3. in class 在课上 4. be late for 做……迟到
    5. have to 不得不 6. be quiet 安静
    7. go out 外出 8. do the dishes 清洗餐具
    9. make breakfast 做早饭 10. make (one’s) bed 铺床
    11. be noisy 吵闹 12. keep one’s hair short 留短发
    13. play with sb. 和某人一起玩 14. play the piano 弹钢琴
    15. have fun 玩得高兴 16. make rules 制订规则

    ◆用法集萃
    1. Don’t + 动词原形+其他, 不要做某事。
    2. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
    3. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
    4. practice doing sth. 练习做某事
    5. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
    6. be strict in sth. 对某事要要求严格
    7. leave sth sp. 把某物忘在某地
    8. keep + 宾语+形容词 使……保持某种状态
    keep sb. doing sth 让某人继续/不断地做某事
    9. learn to do sth. 学会做某事
    10. have to do sth. 不得不做某事
    11.Mr /mist / 先生。用于姓前
    Mrs /misiz/夫人。用于已婚女子丈夫的姓前。
    Miss /mis/ 小姐。用于未婚女子的姓前。
    Ms /miz/ 女士。用于婚姻状况不明或不想区分婚否的女子的姓前。
    sir /s /先生,阁下。一般单独使用,不与人的姓连用。
    Madam /m d m/女士,夫人,太太。一般单独使用,不与人的姓连用。
    12.arrive late for = be late for 做某事迟到
    Don’t arrive late for school.上课不要迟到。
    13.else / other 别的,其他的
    else修饰疑问词或不定代词,位于其后。Other修饰名词,位于其前。
    What else do you have to do? 你们还必须做什么事?
    I have something else to tell you.我还有别的事情要告诉你。
    Where are the other boys? 其他的男孩在哪儿?
    14.have to / must
    1) have to“必须,不得不”,表示客观需要,即受客观条件限制不得不或必须去做某事。
    2) must表示说话人的主观看法。
    3) must只用于现在时,在表示过去、将来和完成时,用have to 的相应形式来代替must.
    My mother is ill, I have to look after my sister at home.
    我妈妈病了,我必须在家照看我妹妹。
    You must be careful. 你一定要小心。
    4)在否定结构中,don’t have to表示“不必”,mustn’t表示“禁止”
    15.practice doing sth 练习做某事
    16.too much / too many / much too
    too much“太多”,修饰不可数名词。 too much water太多水
    too many“太多”,修饰可数名词复数。 too many children太多孩子
    much too“太”,修饰形容词或副词。 much too small太小
    17.after school放学后 after class 下课后
    18.on school nights 在上学期间的晚上
    19.No talking! 禁止谈话!
    No+名词或动名词,表示禁止、不要做某事。
    No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No parking!禁止停车! No swimming! 禁止游泳!
    No photos! 禁止拍照 No noise!禁止喧哗!
    20.I have to be in bed by ten o’clock.我必须在10点之前上床睡觉。
    1)in bed “睡觉,卧床”
    in hospital在住院 in the hospital在医院里
    at table 在吃饭 at the table在桌子边
    2)by + 时间:在……之前 by Monday 在星期一之前
    by + 交通工具:乘某种交通工具
    by the way顺便问(说)一下
    21.on time”准时;准点;正点”
    In time“及时;迟早;终于”
    22.hear和listen
    hear是及物动词,表示听见,听到,强调听到的结果,可能是竭尽全力地听,也可能是无意识地听
    Louder,please. I can’t hear you.
    hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”
    hear sb. do sth.“听到某人做了某事”
    “hear+that”从句,表示“听说…”
    listen是不及物动词,表示有意识或注意地听,侧重听的动作,其后必须加to才能接宾语
    Listen还可单独使用,用以表示“提醒注意”,经常和现在进行时搭配
    23. relax是动词,意为“放松”
    relaxing是形容词,修饰物,是“使人放松的”意思
    relaxed是形容词,修饰人,是“感到放松的”,有feel relaxed的结构
    24.bring “带来,取来”,指从别处把某人或某物带到或拿到说话者所在的地点来,也可说成“由远及近”,有方向性
    take“带走,取走”,表示把某物或某人从说话的地方带到另一个地方去,也可说成“由近及远”,有方向性,经常和介词to搭配

    ◆典句必背
    1. Don’t arrive late for class. 上课不要迟到。
    2. Can we bring music players to school? 我们可以带音乐播放器到学校吗?
    3. And we always have to wear the school uniform. 并且我们总是不得不穿校服。
    4. There are too many rules! 有太多的规则!
    5. Don’t leave the dirty dishes in the kitchen! 不要把脏盘子留在厨房里!
    6. I have to keep my hair short. 我不得不留短发。

    u 语法
    1. 祈使句
    表示说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等,一般没有主语。
    三种形式:
    1) Do型(即行为动词+其他成分),其否定形式是行为动词+其他成分
    Put on your clothes quickly.
    Don’t play soccer in the street.
    2) Be型(即Be+表语),其否定形式是Don’t+be+表语
    Be quiet,please. Don’t be late.
    3) Let型(即Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分),其否定形式是Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分和let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分
    Let me help you. Let’s not stay outside.
    Don’t let him go.
    提醒:1)有时祈使句中的动词或动词词组也可省略
    This way ,please.= come this way,please.
    2)有时表示强调,可以在动词原形前加do,表示一定,务必的意思
    Do come and help me.
    3)No+名词或动词ing形式可构成否定祈使句,通常用作公共场所的提示语
    No photos! No parking!

    ◆话题写作
    Dear Tom,
    Thanks for your last letter. You want to know the rules in our school. Now let me tell you about them. We can’t arrive late for class. We can’t talk loudly in class. We should keep quiet. When we meet our teachers on our way, we should say hello to them. We can’t eat or drink in class, and we can’t listen to music or play games in class.
    I think we have too many rules. What about yours? Please write and tell me.
    Yours,
    Li Ming



    Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. kind of 有几分,有点儿 2. be from / come from 来自于
    3. South Africa 南非 4. all day 整天
    5. for a long time 很长时间 6. get lost 迷路
    7. places with food and water 有食物和水的地方 8. cut down 砍倒
    9. in (great) danger 处于(极大)危险之中 10. twelve years old 十二岁
    11. things made of ivory 由象牙制成的东西

    ◆用法集萃
    1. —Why…? 为什么……? —Because… 因为……
    2. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
    3. want to do sth. 想要做某事
    4. one of + 名词复数 ……之一
    5. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事
    6. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
    7. help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
    8. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
    9.friendly kind
    friendly为形容词,意思是“友好的,和善的”,在句中可作表语或定语,另外还有“亲切的,和睦的”之意
    kind为形容词,意思是“友好的,和善的”,相当于friendly,但还有名词“种类”的意思
    10.cute和clever
    用作形容词时,均表示“聪明的,伶俐的”,cute还表示“逗人喜爱的,有吸引力的,漂亮的”
    cute多用来指动物的聪明、漂亮及逗人喜爱
    clever主要用来表示人或动物的脑子灵活,理解事物快
    11.read强调看文字的材料
    look强调“看”的动作,意为“看”,是及物动词
    see强调“看”的结果,意为“看见”,是及物动词
    watch强调长时间,认真地看,意为“观看”,是及物动词
    12.be made of表示制成成品后,仍可看出原材料,保留原材料的质和形,制作过程仅发生物理变化
    The kite is made of paper.
    be made from表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特质,或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认
    The paper is made from wood.
    be made in意思是“在…制作的”,in表示制造的地方。表示东西的产地
    Made in China.
    13.kind of“稍微,有点”
    a kind of“一种”
    all kinds of“各种各样的”
    14.sleep作动词时,指睡的全过程,用于进行时表示“正在睡觉”
    go to bed指上床睡觉,表示准备睡觉,强调动作,与get up相对

    ◆典句必背
    1. —Why do you like pandas? 你为什么喜欢熊猫?
    —Because they’re kind of interesting. 因为它们有点儿有趣。
    2. —Why does John like koalas? 约翰为什么喜欢树袋熊?
    —Because they’re very cute. 因为它们非常可爱。
    3. —Why don’t you like tigers? 你为什么不喜欢老虎?
    —Because they’re really scary. 因为它们真的吓人。
    4. —Where are lions from? 狮子来自哪里?
    —They’re from South Africa. 它们来自南非。
    5. Elephants can walk for a long time and never get lost. 大象能走很长时间并且从不迷路。
    6. They can also remember places with food and water. 它们也能记住有食物和水的地方。
    7. But elephants are in great danger. 但是,大象处于极大危险之中。
    8. People cut down many trees so elephants are losing their homes. 人们砍倒了许多树,因此,大象渐渐失去它们的家园。
    9. Today there are only about 3,000 elephants (over 100,000 before) 现在仅有大约3000头大象(之前超过10万头大象)。
    10.Isn’t she beautiful? 她难道不美丽吗?

    u 语法
    1. why,what,where引导的特殊疑问句
    1) why引导的特殊疑问句,一般用because引导的句子来回答
    why don’t you like English?
    Because it is so difficult.
    2) 疑问句what在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
    What color do you like?
    3) Where用来询问位置,意为“在哪里”
    Where is my bag?
    4)why don’t you+动词原形+其他用来提出自己的建议或征求对方的一件,意为“为什么不…呢”,相当于“why not+动词原形+其他”
    2. let’s 表示向对方提建议,并且让对方和自己一起做某事,包括说话者和听话人双方在内。
    let’s后面用动词原形,意为让我们做 吧,否定形式是let’s not do sth
    let’s=let us
    但let us表示的是向对方请求,征得对方允许因此不包括听话人在内,意为“让我们”,后面用动词原形

    ◆话题写作
    The Animal I Like
    There are many kinds of animals in the world. What animal do I like? Let’s know her.
    Many people like her very much. I also like her. She is from China. She is very cute. She doesn’t eat grass and meat at all. She eats bamboo every day. She is so nice. She is black white. She has two big black ears and eyes. And she also has black legs and arms.
    What animal is she? She is a panda. I like panda very much. Do you like her? What animal do you like?



    Unit 6 I’m watching TV.

    ◆短语归纳
    1. watch TV 看电视 2. read a newspaper 看报纸
    3. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈 4. listen to music 听音乐
    5. use the computer 使用电脑 6. make soup做汤
    7. wash the dishes 洗餐具 8. kind of 有点儿
    9.drink tea 喝茶
    10.go to the movies看电影/go to a movie/go to the cinema/go to see a film/go to see a movie
    11.swimming pool 12.any other 任何其他的
    13.eat out 14.read a story
    15.TV show 16.sound good听起来不错
    17.watch a race 看比赛 18.wish to do希望做某事
    19.miss one’s family想念某人的家人

    ◆用法集萃
    1. —What + be+ 主语+ doing? ……正在做什么?
    —主语+ be + doing sth. ……正在做某事。
    2. I’d love / like to do sth. 我愿意做某事。
    3. any other + 可数名词单数 其他任何一个……
    4. wish to do sth. 希望做某事
    5.watch sb.do sth. 观看某人做某事,常表示看到了动作的整个过程
    Watch sb.doing sth.观看某人做某事,表示动作正在进行
    Watch out 当心,小心 On watch值班
    6 .May I speak to…? This is… speaking. / Speaking,please. /It’s …here.
    7.family作主语,强调组成家庭的各个成员时,是集体名词,应看做附属;但如果表示一个整体,看做单数。
    My family are taking a walk in the street now.
    8.like 用作介词,意为“像,如”the sun is like a great ball of fire.
    Yo用作及物动词,意为“喜欢” I like to listen to music.
    9.any表示“一些”时,常用于否定句、疑问句。修饰不可数名词或复数名词,不用来修饰单数名词。Are there any bookcases near the window?
    表示“任一”,用于肯定句,用来修饰单数名词China is larger than any country in Africa
    10.of表示名词所反映的内容a map of China;表示所属关系,与前面的名词有所属关系the students of Class 2
    a picture of me 一张有我的照片(我在照片里) a picture of mine我的照片(我不一定在照片里)
    11.other意为“别的,其他的”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”做定语,后面常跟名词复数
    Ask some other people.
    the other指两个人或物中的另一个
    He has two daughters. one is a nurse,and the other is a worker.
    others泛指“另外几个,其余的”,在句中可做主语、宾语
    Some of us like singing;others go in for sports.
    the others其他东西,其余的人。特指某一范围内的“其他的”
    The boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home.
    12.study指在老师的指导下自己对于书本上或某一领域的内容进行“学习和研究”。表示“在学校学习”时,多用study
    Learn指“初学”或在老师或师傅的指导下学习,其目的是为了获得基础知识或技能。可用来表示学习某人的品质、精神,而study则不能这样用
    13.hope ,wish
    1)可以接不定式,意思都是“希望”
    2)wish后可接不定式做宾语补足语,但hope不行
    I wish my parents to go with me
    3)hope后不能直接接名词作宾语;接名词作宾语时要与介词for连用
    I hope for success
    4)wish后可以跟两个宾语,表示祝愿,hope不能
    I wish you success
    5)都可以接从句。Hope表示希望;wish表示愿望,从句常用虚拟语气。
    We hope we will visit shanghai.
    We wish you we would visit shanghai.

    ◆典句必背
    1. —Why are you doing? 你在做什么?
    —I’m watching TV. 我在看电视。
    2. —What’s she doing? 她在做什么?
    —She’s washing her clothes. 她在洗她的衣服。
    3. —What are they doing? 他们在做什么?
    —They’re listening to a CD. 他们在听一张CD 唱片。
    4. —Are you doing your homework? 你在做你的家庭作业吗?
    —Yes, I am. / No, I’m not. I’m cleaning my room. 是的,我在做。/ 不,我没有。我在打扫我的房间。
    5. Zhu Hui misses his family and wishes to have his mom’s delicious zongzi.朱辉思念他的家人并希望吃上他妈妈的可口粽子。

    ◆语法
    1.what 特殊疑问句
    疑问词what+is/am/are+主语+动词-ing形式(+其他)?用来询问现在正在进行或发生的动作。
    答句结构为“主语+is/am/are+动词-ing形式(+其他)”
    否定句形式是在is/am/are后面加not
    What are you doing in the library?
    I’m reading the story book.
    2.系动词
    Sound听起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 feel感觉/摸起来 look/seem看起来
    3.倒装句
    以here和there开头的倒装句,谓语动词的单复数形式应由后面的真正的主语来决定;主语是单数,则谓语动词用单数;反之,用复数。
    Here comes the bus.
    如果主语是名词时,则句子需要倒装,如果名词时代词是,不用倒装。
    Here you are.给你
    Here is your pen.
    4.现在进行时Ⅰ
    1)构成:be+动词的现在分词构成
    句型
    结构
    肯定句
    主语+be(am/is/are)+动词-ing+其他
    否定句
    主语+be(am/is/are)+not+动词-ing+其他
    一般疑问句
    Be(am/is/are)+主语+动词-ing+其他
    用yes、no来回答
    特殊疑问句
    特殊疑问词+be(am/is/are)+主语+动词-ing+其他
    2)现在分词的构成
    直接在动词原形末尾+ing
    以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,应该先去掉e,再加ing
    以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且词尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写辅音字母,再加ing
    3)基本用法
    表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调动作发生的时间是“此时此刻”,常用的时间状语有now,at the moment,提示词有look,listen等。
    5. 动词-ing形式的构成:
    ①一般在动词原形末尾加-ing.
    go—going ask—asking look—looking
    ②以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing.
    write—writing make—making take—taking
    ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词,如果末尾只有一个辅音字母,应先双写这个字母,再加-ing。
    get—getting sit—sitting put—putting run—running begin—beginning
    ④以ie结尾的重读开音节动词改ie为y,再加-ing。
    die—dying lie—lying tie--tying

    ◆话题写作
    It’s seven o’clock in the evening. Kate’s family are all at home. Kate is doing her homework. Her father is reading a book. Her mother is watching TV. Her grandfather is listening to the radio and her grandmother is cleaning the room. Her sister, Betty, is playing computer games. They are all enjoying themselves.



    Unit 7 It’s raining!

    ◆短语归纳
    1. not bad 不错 2. at the park 在公园
    3. take a message for为……捎个口信
    4. have a good time / have a great time / have fun / enjoy oneself (doing)过得很愉快
    5. call sb. back 给某人回电话 6. no problem 没问题
    7. right now 现在 8. talk on the phone 通过电话交谈
    9. some of…当中的一些 10. by the pool 在游泳池边
    11. drink orange juice 喝橙汁 12. study hard 努力学习
    13. on a vacation 在度假 14. in the mountains 在山里
    15. call sb. 给某人打电话 16. write to sb. 给某人写信
    17. be right for doing…适合做某事… 18. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事

    ◆用法集萃
    1. have a great time/have fun + (in) doing sth. 愉快地做某事
    2. sound和 sound like
    1)sound作名词讲时,意为“声音”,作系动词时,意为“听起来”,后面常跟形容词。Her voice sounds sweet.
    2)sound like 意为“听起来像……”
    Nick sounds like a nice guy.
    3.表示天气的名词变成形容词的规律
    1)名词+y,rain-rainy,snow-snowy,wind-windy
    2)双写名词词尾+y,sun-sunny,fog-foggy
    3)去掉名词词尾+y,ice-icy
    4.常见问候语
    How do you do?初次见面通常用语
    How are you?较熟悉的人之间用语
    How is everything?一切还好吧
    How are you doing?您工作还顺利吧
    How are you getting with…?你近来…可好?
    How’s it going?最近怎么样?/进展如何?
    回答:Great!太棒了Not bad!还不错Terrible!太糟糕了
    5.take a message for sb替某人捎个口信 leave a message指说话人留个扣次或者便条
    6.委婉礼貌的问句could,肯定回答用can
    Could I go to the movies tonight?
    Of course you can.
    7.some of这个短语作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式和of后面的名词有关。
    Some of the books are my brother’s.
    Some of the water in the river is not clean.
    8.包含“I”在内的联合主语常将“I”放在后面,但承认错误时放在前面,以显示有礼貌和勇于承担错误。
    Lily and I are from the USA.
    I and Jim broke the window.
    9. cook 1)v. 做饭 2)n. 厨师
    cooker n. 厨具
    10. How’s it going? 情况如何?
    Not bad.不错。
    Great.太好了。
    Terrible.太糟了。
    Pretty good.相当好
    Just so so.马马虎虎
    11. pretty
    1) adj. 俊俏;娇小;漂亮 a pretty girl 漂亮的姑娘
    2) adv. 相当;很;颇 近义词是very或quiet
    12. hot炎热的------cold寒冷的 warm温暖的-----cool凉爽的
    13. Thanks for...因......而感谢
    for是介词,后接n / pron / v-ing. (名词/代词、动名词)
    Thanks for the photo of your family. 谢谢你的全家福照片。
    Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
    14. on vacation 在度假;在假期中
    15. take a photo/take photos 拍照
    16.some……, others……一些……,(另一些)……
    Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.一些人在拍照,一些人正躺在沙滩上。
    17.other, the other, others, the others, another
    1)other可作形容词或代词。adj. “别的,其他的”
    Do you have any other questions? 你还有其他的问题吗?
    Ask some other people. 问问别人吧。
    2) the other 代词,(两者中的)“另一个” (other为代词)
    one……the other……一个……,另一个……
    He has two sons, one is a doctor, the other is a worker.
    他有两个儿子,一个是医生,另一个是工人。
    3) others代词,是other的复数形式,泛指“其余的(人或物)” (指其余的部分)
    some……others……一些……,(另)一些……
    There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, others are dancing.
    操场上有许多学生,有些人在打篮球,有些人在跳舞。
    Give me some others, please. 给我一些别的东西吧。
    4) the others代词,特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”(指其余的全部)
    There are lots of students on the playground, some are playing basketball, the others are dancing.
    操场上有许多学生,有些人在打篮球,其余的都在跳舞。
    5) another = an+other,可作形容词或代词,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。
    I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这个,请给我看看另一个。
    18. lie v.平卧;躺 (想在分词lying)
    19. Look at this group of people playing beach volleyball.看看这群正在玩沙滩排球的人。
    playing beach volleyball作people的定语。
    20. surprised adj. “感到惊讶的”
    1) be surprised at + n./ pron./v-ing 对……感到惊讶
    We’re surprised at the news. 听到这个消息,我们非常诧异。
    2) be surprised to do sth.
    We’re surprised to hear the news. 听到这个消息,我们非常诧异。
    3) be surprised + that从句
    I’m surprised that he didn’t pass the exam我对他没通过考试感到很惊讶。
    21. in this heat 在这么热的天气里 hot(adj.炎热的)----heat(n.热度)
    22. scarf 围巾(pl. scarfs或scarves)
    23. have a good time = enjoy oneself(oneself要随主语的变化而变化) = have fun
    They are having a good time. = They are enjoying themselves.= They are having fun.
    他们正玩得高兴。
    24. everyone / every one
    1) everyone“人人,每人”,仅指人,相当于everybody,一般不能与of连用,作主语为单数。
    Everyone is here.大家(人人)都来了。
    2) every one“每一个(人或物)”,指人或物,常与of连用,谓语用单数。
    Every one of the book is interesting. 每本书都很有趣。

    ◆典句必背
    1. How’s the weather? 天气怎么样?
    2. It’s cloudy. / It’s sunny. / It’s raining. 天气多云。/ 天气晴朗。/ 天正下雨。
    3. How’s it going? 情况怎么样?
    4. Great! / Not bad. / Terrible! 好极了!/ 不错。/ 糟糕!
    5. Can I take a message for him? 我给他捎个口信好吗?
    6. I’m having a great time visiting my aunt in Canada. 我正在加拿大愉快地拜访我的姨妈
    7. My family and I are on a vacation in the mountains. 我和我的家人正在山里度假。
    8. It’s hot in your country now, isn’t it? 现在你的国家天气炎热,不是吗?

    ◆语法
    1.现在进行时Ⅱ
    基本用法
    1) 表示说话时动作正在发生或进行
    They are playing basketball.
    2) 表示现阶段、不限于说话时特定的时间范围内进行的动作
    They are working hard at their lessons this year.
    3) 有些动词的现在进行时用来表示按计划或安排将要进行的动作。常用动词有:come,go,arrive,leave,start,stay
    He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
    4) 现在进行时和always,constantly等副词连用表示反复出现的问题,常常带有感情色彩
    He is always telling lies.
    5) 有些动词如know,lie(位于),have,own(拥有),like,love,want,hope等,通常不用进行时。
    She wants to go home.
    2.反意疑问句
    结构为:陈述句+附加疑问部门。
    1) 当陈述句为肯定句时,附加疑问句用否定形式,即肯定的陈述句+否定的附加疑问句。
    It’s very hot today, isn’t it?今天天气很热,是不是?
    Yes, it is.是的,很热。
    2) 当陈述句为否定句时,附加疑问句用肯定形式,即否定的陈述句+肯定的附加疑问句。
    It isn’t very hot today, is it?今天不是很热,是吗?
    Yes, it is.不,很热。
    3) 不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就用no。
    She isn’t a teacher ,is she?她不是教师,是吗?
    Yes,she is.不,她是。/ No ,she isn’t.是的,她不是。
    3.how’s the weather……?=what’s the weather like……?用来询问天气的常用句型,回答时主语一般用it
    4.情态动词用法辨析
    向别人请求许可 can,may
    疑问句表示请求一般用could,can,may

    ◆话题写作
    The Weather in Beijing Hello, everyone! I’m from Beijing. Do you want to know the weather in Beijing? Now let me tell you something about the weather here.
    In Beijing, spring is very short and warm. In summer, it’s very hot, but it often rains. We often go swimming in the river. In autumn, the weather is very dry and cool. We often go to the farm to work with the farmers to help them. In winter, it’s very cold, and sometimes it’s snowy and windy.
    I like swimming, so summer is my favorite season.



    Unit 8 Is there a post office near here?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. post office 邮局 2. police station 警察局
    3. pay phone 付费电话 4. Bridge Street 桥街
    5. Center street 中心大街 6. Long Street 长街
    7. near here 附近 8. across from 在……对面
    9. next to 挨着,靠近 10. between… and… 在…和…之间
    11. in front of 在…… 12. excuse me 劳驾
    13. be far from 离……远 14. go along… 沿着……走
    15. turn right / left 向右 / 左转 16.spend time 花时间
    17. on the(或one’s) right / left 在(某人的)右边 / 左边
    18. in my neighborhood 在我的街区 19. look like 看起来像
    20. in life 一生中 21. be free 免费(有空)
    22.walk along 23. go down/up沿着……走

    ◆用法集萃
    1. Turn right / left at the +序数词+ crossing. 在第几个路口向右 / 左转
    2. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 花费时间/金钱在
    spend + 时间 / +金钱 (in) doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事
    3. watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事 ,强调过程
    watch sb. to do 看某人做了某事,强调结果
    4. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
    5.问路的主要句型
    Where is … ? …在哪儿?
    How can I get to…?我怎样才能到达…
    Can/Could you tell me the way to/how to get to … ?你能告诉我怎样去…吗?
    Which is the way to … ?哪一条是去…的路?
    Is there … near here?这附近有…吗?
    6.表示指点方向的基本句型
    Go /Walk along/up/down the road.沿着这条路走
    Turn left/right at the second turning.在第二个拐弯处往左/右转
    It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk from here.离这儿步行约15分钟
    Take the No.3 bus on the left and get off…在左边乘三路车,然后在…下车
    7.across,cross,through,over
    1)across是介词,表示从物体的表面穿过,即穿过一个平面。
    He often goes across the street to make a telephone call.
    2)cross是动词,相当于go/walk across
    They look left, then right, and cross the street.
    3)through是介词,指从物体的中间或里面穿过。
    But the box is too tall! it can’t go through the door.
    4)over是介词,意为“横过,越过”,表示从某物的上空越过、跨过。
    Sun Wukong flies over his Huaguo Mountain and wants to see his little monkeys.
    8.表示“在街上”,英式英语in the street美式英语on the street,如果后面接门牌号,用at
    9.pay作名词时,意为“工资,薪金”为不可数名词
    pay作动词时,意为“话费,付款,支付”
    pay sb.+钱+for sth.为某物给某人付多少钱
    10.in front of 指某场所或空间之外的前面
    There is a big tree in front of the classroom.教室前面有一棵大树(树在教室的外面)
    In the front of指某场所或空间之内的前面
    There is a student standing in the front of the classroom.有一个学生正站在教室的前面(学生在教室的里面)
    11.spend,take,cost,pay
    spend
    主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:spend time/money on sb; spend time/money in doing sth
    take
    常见用法:It takes sb.+时间+to do sth做某事花了某人多少时间
    cost
    主语是物,表示“价钱为”Sth costs sb+金钱 某物花了某人多少钱
    pay
    Pay money for sth付钱买…

    ◆语法
    1.there be句型的基本用法
    1)用法:“某地存在某物/人”即强调某人或某物与某地的位置关系。”某处存在某种情况”
    2)结构:“there be+主语+介词短语”意为“某地存在某人/某物”
    there be句型“就近原则”,由最近的一个主语来决定be的单复数
    there is a desk and two chairs in the room.
    There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
    3)一般疑问句:Be(Is/Are)+there+主语+其他?
    将be提到句首,句尾变问号。肯定回答是:yes,there is/are.否定回答是:no,there isn’t/aren’t.
    2.方位介词可以和名词一起构成介词短语,表示物质所处的位置
    In/inside,on,at,near,under,over,through,among,between,below,above,next to/beside,behind,in front of,along
    3.动词不定式作目的状语,置于句前表示强调。
    To make more money, he often goes to bed late and gets up early.
    动词不定式作状语,可表示目的,原因及结果等,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
    You couldn’t do that to save your life.

    ◆典句必背
    1. —Is there a hospital near here? 这附近有医院吗?
    —Yes, there is. It’s on Bridge Street. 是的,有。它在桥街上。
    2. —Oh… where’s Center Street? 噢……中心大街在哪里?
    —It’s not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。
    3. Go along Long Street and it’s on the right. 沿着长街走,它在右边。
    4. Turn right at the first crossing. 在第一个十字路口向右转。

    ◆话题写作
    Where is the hotel? Let me tell you how to get there. Go down this road and then turn left. Go through First Street and second Street. When you come to Third Street, turn right and walk on. You can see a bridge over a river. Go across the bridge. Then you can see the hotel. It’s on your right, across from the post office, You will find it.



    Unit 9 What does he look like?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. short hair 短发 2. long hair 长发
    3. curly hair 卷发 4. straight hair 直发
    5. (be) of medium height 中等个子 6. (be) of medium build 中等身材
    7. go to the movies 去看电影 8. a little 有点儿
    9. look like 看起来像 10. a big nose 大鼻子
    11. a small mouth 小嘴巴 12. a round face 圆脸
    13. black hair 黑发 14. big eyes 大眼睛
    15. a long face 长脸 16. the same way 同样的方式
    17. in the end 最后 18. blonde hair 金黄色的头发

    ◆用法集萃
    1. sb. + be + of + medium build / height 某人中等身材/个子
    2. sb. + has +… hair 某人留着……发
    3. sb. wears + clothes/glasses 某人穿着/戴着……
    4. hair
    1) 指“头发,毛发”的总称,是不可数名词
    He has long hair. 他留着长发。
    2)指具体数量的“头发”,是可数名词
    There are two hairs on the bed. 床上有两根头发。‘
    5. high(adj. 高的)----- height(n.高度)
    6. popular
    1) 通俗的 in popular language 用通俗的话
    2)流行的 a popular song 流行歌曲
    3)受欢迎的 a popular writer 受人欢迎的作家
    7. a little bit, a little, a bit
    1) 修饰形容词或副词时,三者可通用,但a little bit比后两者所表示的程度稍弱一点。
    Today is a little bit / a little / a bit cold. 今天有点冷。
    2)修饰不可数名词时,a little直接跟不可数名词,a bit需加of再跟不可数名词。
    There is a little / a bit of water in the glass. 杯子里有点水。
    3)a little 和a bit在否定句中意思恰恰相反。not a little相当于very “很,非常”,not a bit相当于not….at all“一点也不”。
    ① He is not a little hungry. = He is very hungry. 他很饿。
    ② He is not a bit hungry. = He isn’t hungry at all. 他一点也不饿。
    4) a little表示肯定,少量,一些, little表示否定含义,几乎没有。都用来修饰不可数名词
    8. tell a joke / jokes说笑话 tell a story / stories讲故事 tell a lie / lies撒谎
    9. stop to do sth. “停下来去做某事”。指停止原来做的事情,去做另一件事情。
    stop doing sth. “停止做某事”,指停止正在做的事情,即不做某事了。
    1)He stops to do his homework. 他停下来开始做家庭作业。
    He stops doing his homework. 他停止做家庭作业。
    2)Class begins, please stop talking. 上课了,请不要说话。
    3)We are all tired, stop to have a rest. 我们都累了,停下来休息一会儿吧。
    10. like 喜欢
    1)like sb. / sth.喜欢某人/某物
    2) like to do sth.喜欢/想要做某事(表一次性或特指的某一具体的动作)
    3) like doing sth喜欢做某事(表习惯性的动作或爱好)
    ①我喜欢每天打篮球。I like playing basketball every day.
    ②今天很冷,我喜欢呆在家里。Today is cold. I like to stay at home.
    11. people, person, man
    1) people:
    ①泛指“人,人们”,谓语动词用复数形式。
    There are many people there. 那儿有许多人。
    ②the people 常用来指“人民”。
    We study hard for the people. 我们为人民而努力学习。
    ③指“民族”是可数名词。
    There’re 56 peoples in China. 中国有56个民族。
    2) person“人;人物”,无性别之分,可指男人,也可指女人。常用于指数目不大,而且数目比较精确的“人”。
    Everyone likes the honest person. 每个人都喜欢诚实的人。
    There are only three persons in the room. 房间里只有三个人。
    3)man: 指“男人”(复数形式为men),也可指“人类”。
    He is a man of few words. 他是个少言寡语的人。
    Man has languages. 人类有语言。
    12. glass
    1) “眼镜”,常用复数glasses. a pair of glasses一副眼镜
    2)“玻璃”,不可数名词。
    3)“玻璃杯”,可数名词。
    These glasses are made of glass. 这些玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。
    13.beard (络腮)胡须,可数名词。
    The old man has a beard. 这位老人满脸胡须。
    14. remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事 (事情已做)
    remember/forget to do sth. 记得/忘记要去做某事 (事情还没做)
    1)Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
    当你离开教室时,别忘了关灯。
    There’re not any apples to have. Please remember to buy some.
    没苹果吃了,请记得买一些。
    2)I remember telling you about it. 我记得告诉过你这件事。
    He forgot having this kind of fruit. 他忘记他吃过这种水果了。
    15.Do you remember Jonny Dean, the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair?
    你还记得约翰尼.迪安——那个戴着滑稽眼镜,留着长卷发的流行歌手吗?
    1)the pop singer with funny glasses and long curly hair是Jonny Dean的同位语,指的就是Jonny Dean。
    2)with funny glasses and long curly hair是介词短语,修饰the pop singer
    介词短语作定语,放在它所修饰的名词之后。
    The girl in red is my sister. 穿红衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。
    Do you know the boy under the tree? 你认识树下的那个男孩吗?
    16. look
    1) 看
    Look! Tom is crying. 看,汤姆在哭。
    Look at the blackboard. 看黑板。
    2)看起来
    He looks like his father. 他看起来像他的父亲。
    3)外表,外貌
    He has a new look. 他有了一个新形象。
    17. no more, not….any more., no longer, not….any longer
    1) no more = not….any more表示数量和程度的“不再(增加)”,常修饰终止性动词。
    We won’t go there any more.我们不再去那里了。
    The baby watched and listened, and she cried no more.那个婴儿看着、听着,不再哭了。
    2) no lo0nger = not….any longer表示时间上“不再(延长)”,常修饰延续性动词。
    He no longer lives here. 他不再住在这儿了。
    You can’t stay here any longer.你不能再留在这儿了。
    18. I think + that从句,如果表示否定含义,常把否定词放在主句上,一般不在从句上进行否定,而译成汉语时,则否定在从句上。这种现象叫否定前移。
    I don’t think you are right. 我认为你不对。
    19. nobody“没有人,没人”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
    Nobody knows me. 没有人认识我。
    There’s nobody in the room.房里没有人。
    20.another作形容词时,后面一般接可数名词的单数形式,用来指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一,又一”,是泛指
    Would you like another banana?
    another+数词+可数名词相当于数词+more+可数名词
    I need another three chairs.

    ◆典句必背
    1. —What does he look like? 他长什么样
    —He’s really tall. 他真的很高。
    2. —Do they have straight or curly hair? 他们留直发还是卷发?
    —They have curly hair. 他们留卷发。
    3. —Is he tall or short? 他高还是矮?
    —He isn’t tall or short. He’s of medium height. 他不高不矮,他中等个子。
    4. The man with a pair of glasses is my English teacher. 那个戴眼镜的男人是我的英语老师。

    u 语法
    1.询问及描述某人的外貌特征
    问:What do/does + 主语 + look like? “……看上去什么样?”/ “……长什么样?”
    答:主语 + be + 描述人物外貌特征的形容词(短语)。
    主语 + be + 介词短语。
    主语 + have/has + 形容词+名词(名词前可有多个形容词修饰)。
    1)What does your friend look like? 你朋友长什么样?
    He is short and thin. He has short, black hair.他又矮又瘦,留着短直发。
    2)What do they look like? 他们长什么样?
    They’re of medium height. 他们中等身高。
    3)What does he look like? 他长什么样?
    He is of medium build, and he has a big nose.他中等身材,大鼻子。
    2.两个或两个以上形容词同时作定语的排列顺序:
    限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等)+ 描述性形容词+大小、形状、长短、高低 + 新旧、长幼 + 颜色 + 产地、材料、用途 + 被修饰名词
    a small old yellow wooden table 一张黄色的旧木头小桌子
    an expensive new Japanese sports car 一辆昂贵的新型的日本跑车
    3.选择疑问句
    结构:一般疑问句+or+选择部分 Is your friend a boy or a girl?
    特殊疑问句+A or B when do you usually get up, at six or seven?
    回答:选择疑问句不能用或回答,而必须选择所供选择的一项回答
    Does she have short or long hair? She has long hair.

    ◆话题写作
    Lost
    Kate, a twelve –year-old girl, is lost in the street.
    She is of medium height with short hair. She has a round face and small eyes. She wears a pair of glasses. She wears a white shirt, a pair of blue jeans and a pair of black sports shoes.
    If anyone knows her, please call Mr. Green at 26458132. Thanks a lot.



    Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.
    ◆短语归纳
    1. would like 想要 2. take one’s order 点菜
    3. beef soup 牛肉汤 4. one bowl of… 一碗……
    5. what size 什么尺寸 6. mapo tofu with rice带米饭的麻婆豆腐
    7. what kind 什么种类 8. small / medium / large bowl 小/ 中/大碗
    9. green tea 绿茶 10. orange juice 橘汁
    11. around the world 世界各地 12. birthday cake 生日蛋糕
    13. the number of… 的数量 14. make a wish 许个愿望
    15. blow out 吹灭 16. in one go 一口气
    17. come true 实现 18. cut up 切碎

    ◆用法集萃
    1. a bowl of一碗 a box of 一盒箱a cup of 一(茶)杯a piece of一张/片/块 a glass of 一(玻璃)杯
    2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事
    3. Why don’t you + do sth.? 何不做某事?
    4. the number of + 名词复数 “……的数量”,谓语动词用单数,后常跟large,small
    a number of+名词复数 “许多……”谓语动词用复数
    5.big一般指体格庞大笨重,与little或small相对,修饰具体的人或事物
    Large一般指物体的面积、空间、范围大,与small相对,一般修饰物不修饰人
    Great用于抽象含义,指重大事件或行为,具有一定的感情色彩
    Huge一般指物体的体积巨大,超过一定的标准,相当于very big
    Tom is a big fat man.
    China is a large and beautiful country.
    The huge animal is very dangerous.
    4. special
    1) n. 特色/价商品,可数名词。
    2)adj. 特殊的,特别的,专门的
    Today is a special day. 今天是个特别的日子。
    5. What size…..“多大……”
    ①What size bowl of noodles would he like? 他想要多大碗的面条?
    He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.他想要一个小/中/大碗的面条。
    ②What size shoes do you wear? 你穿多大号的鞋?
    I wear size 40. 我穿42码的鞋。
    6. fish 鱼;鱼肉
    1)指多少条“鱼”,为可数名词。复数:fish或fishes,通常用复数fish.
    2) 指多少种“鱼”, 为可数名词。复数: fishes
    3)指“鱼肉”,为不可数名词。
    There’re hundreds of fish in the pool. 在这水池里有几百条鱼。
    There’re all kinds of fishes in the lake. 这个湖里有各种各样的鱼。
    Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃些鱼。
    7. 英语中表示食物的一些词的特殊用法
    1)beef, fish, chicken, pork, meat, mutton等表示肉类的食物,是不可数名词。
    2)vegetable蔬菜,可数名词
    3)fruit, salad, ice cream, food等指总称时是不可数名词,指种类时是可数名词。
    4)cabbage, onion, fish, chicken指食物时是不可数名词,指植物和活着的“鱼”“鸡”时是可数名词。
    8.kind
    1)种类 ①a kind of....一种......②many kinds of....多种.....③all kinds of....各种各样的......
    2)仁慈的,和蔼的,好意的,友爱的
    ①He is a kind man.
    ②He is kind to everyone.他与人为善。
    ③It’s very kind of you to help me.
    3)kind of + adj/adv 稍微/有几分……(相当于a little) He is kind of /a little shy.
    9.negro- negroes; hero- heroes; tomato –tomatoes; potato- potatoes

    ◆典句必背
    1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条?
    2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。
    3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的?
    4. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。
    5. Would you like a large bowl? 你想要一个大碗的吗?
    6. Yes, please. 好吧。
    7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛,愿望将实现。

    u 语法
    1. would like用法
    would like“想要”,相当于want, 用法亦同want,但比want委婉。
    1)want/would like sth. 想要某物 I’d like some noodles
    2)want/would like to do sth. 想要做某事 I’d like to play the piano 我想要弹钢琴。
    3)want/would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
    I would like him to help me. 我想要他帮助我。
    4)What would sb. like? 某人想要什么?
    What would they like? 他们想要什么?They would like some noodles.他们想要一些面条。
    5)What would sb. like to do? 某人想要做什么?
    What would they like to have? 他们想要吃什么? They would like to have some noodles.
    6)would you like sth. 你想要某物吗?(委婉地询问对方的要求时的用语)
    肯定回答:Yes, please. 否定回答:No, thanks.
    Would you like some more food? 你想再要些食物吗?
    Yes, please. 想要,谢谢。No, thanks. 不用了,谢谢。
    7) Would you like to do sth?你想要/愿意做某事吗?(向对方有礼貌地提出建议或邀请)
    肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的,我愿意。
    否定回答:Sorry, + 原因。
    Would you like to go shopping with us? 你想要/愿意和我们一起去购物吗?
    Yes, I’d like/love to. 是的,我愿意。Sorry, I have a lot of homework to do.
    2. some 和any
    1)some意为“一些,某些,某个”,常用于肯定句。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词
    用于肯定句
    I have some Zhao Wei’s photos.
    Ask some girl to come here.
    Please bring some milk.
    用于疑问句时表示建议、请求、邀请或希望得到肯定回答
    Would you like some bread?
    Do you have some stamps?
    2)any意为“一些,任何”。常用于否定句或疑问句,也可用于条件状语从句。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词
    用于疑问句或否定句
    Do you have any ideas?---No, I don’t have any ideas.
    用于条件状语从句
    If there is any trouble, let me know.
    3.当名词作定语时,该名词一般用复数形式。Two girl students; many apple trees.当man和woman作定语时,其数的形式与被修饰的名词保持一致。Three women doctors
    4.可数名词和不可数名词
    1)不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用,可数名词单数表示泛指时要与不定冠词连用。表示特指时,两者都与定冠词the连用
    Have a meeting the milk in the glass
    2)不可数名词不能加(e)s变为复数,可数名词则有单复数形式的变化
    A lot of work some students
    3)不可数名词不能用数目来计量,常用a piece of这类修饰语来表示数量上的变化,可数名词则可以
    A cup of tea two girls

    ◆话题写作
    My Favorite Food
    I’m a middle school student. I like to eat healthy food. I have milk, eggs and bread for breakfast. For lunch I would like rice, fish and vegetables. I like chicken, juice, rice and hamburgers for supper. Of all the food, my favorite food is chicken and apple juice.


    Unit 11 How was your school trip?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. go for a walk 去散步 2. milk a cow 挤牛奶
    3. ride a horse 骑马 4. feed chickens 喂小鸡
    5. talk with 与……谈话 6. take photos= take pictures 拍照
    7. quite a lot 相当多 8. show… around 带领……参观
    9. learn about 了解 10. from… to… 从……到……
    11. grow strawberries 种植草莓 12. pick strawberries 采草莓
    13. in the countryside 在乡下 14. go fishing 去钓鱼
    15. at night 在夜晚 16. a lot of 许多;大量
    17. come out 出来 18. go on a school trip 去学校郊游
    19. along the way 沿线 20. after that 之后
    21. buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 22. all in all 总的来说
    23. take a / the train 乘火车 24. be interested in 对……感兴趣
    25. not… at all 根本不…… 26.at the end of 在……的尽头
    27.hang out 闲逛 28.sleep late 睡过头
    29.have a great time = have fun = enjoy oneself 玩得高兴
    30.the class monitor 班长 31.a day off 一整天
    32.go for a drive 开车兜风 33.have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快
    34.a bowl of 一碗 35.help sb. [to] do sth. 帮助某人做某事

    ◆用法集萃
    1. How + be…? + like? ……怎么样?
    2. too many + 可数名词复数 太多的……
    3. teach sb. how to do sth. 教某人怎样做某事
    4. quite + a / an +形容词+可数名词单数 = a + very +形容词+可数名词单数
    一个相当 / 很
    5.出去旅行go on ……a trip, make a trip, take a trip 在旅行期间on a trip
    6. feed sth.to sb./sth. 给某人/动物喂食物 feed sb./sth on sth.用食物喂某人/动物
    feed on 以……为食
    7.worry about对……担心,为……而担心 be worried about
    8.exciting是形容词,“令人兴奋的,令人激动地”,用来修饰事或物
    The bus trip was very exciting.
    excited意为“感到兴奋的”,常用来形容人
    She is excited to learn the exciting news.
    9.too many太多,用于修饰可数名词复数 There are too many people in the supermarket today.
    too much 太多,用于修饰不可数名词I have too much homework to do this weekend.
    much too极其,非常,太……,相当于副词very,修饰形容词或副词
    The book is much too expensive.

    u 语法
    1. 一般过去时(past tenses):
    定义:表示过去某时间的动作或状态。
    结构:“主语+动词的过去式”
    1) 规则动词的过去式
    构成规则
    例词
    一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
    watch---watched
    以不发音e结尾的加-d
    practice---practiced live--lived
    以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed
    stop---stopped
    plan--planned
    以辅音加y结尾的,去y变i加-ed
    study---studied carry--carried
    2)不规则动词的过去式:
    am,is-was come-came find—found hear-heard leave-left
    are-were drive-drove drink-drank see-saw forget-forgot
    have,has-had do-did write-wrote go-went
    3)不发生变化
    Let-let cut-cut put-put hurt-hurt cost-cost read-read
    2. 一般过去时
    表示过去短暂而很快就结束的动作和事情。
    1) 常见的一般过去时的时间状语
    Yesterday, last month, last year, an hour ago, just now
    2) 一般过去时的一般疑问句形式
    含be动词的一般过去时的一般疑问句,须讲was或were提至主语前。回答用yes或no。
    Were you at school yesterday?----Yes, I was.
    如果陈述句中的动词为实义动词,变成一般疑问句时要用助动词do的过去式did,这时谓语动词用动词原形
    Did you drink yesterday?
    3. how +be+事物名词,是一个常见的询问对某事物感觉如何的句型
    how +be+sb。常用来询问某人的身体状况如何
    4. how用法
    1) (询问身体状况)怎样 How is your grandfather?
    2) (询问方式、方法)怎样 How did you come back home?
    3) (询问天气状况怎样) How is the weather in Shanghai today?
    4) (询问程度)怎样How do you like the book?

    ◆典句必背
    1. —How was your school trip? 你的学校郊游怎么样?
    —It was great! 好极了!
    2. —Did you go to the zoo? 你去动物园了吗?
    —No, I didn’t. I went to a farm. 不,没有。我去农场了。
    3. —Did you see any cows? 你看见一些牛奶了吗?
    —Yes, I did. I saw quite a lot. 是的,我看见了,我看见相当多(的牛奶)
    4. —Were the strawberries good? 这些草莓是好的吗?
    — Yes, they were. 是的,它们是。 / No, they weren’t. 不,它们不是。
    5. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that. 一切都是关于机器人的,我对那方面不感兴趣。

    ◆话题写作
    I had a busy weekend. On Saturday morning, I did my homework, and then I played computer games. In the afternoon, I visited my grandmother. We talked for a long time.
    On Sunday morning, I cleaned my room and did some reading. Then I cooked for m parents. In the afternoon, I watched a football match on TV and listened to music. I had a good time.



    Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?
    ◆短语归纳
    1. do my homework 做我的家庭作业 2. go to cinema 去看电影
    3. go boating / camping 去划船 / 去野营 4. play badminton 打羽毛球
    5. on Saturday morning 在星期六早上 6. work as 以……身份而工作
    7. have a good weekend 周末过得愉快 8. kind of 有点儿
    9. stay up late 熬夜 10. run away 跑开
    11. shout at 对……大声叫嚷 12. fly a kite 放风筝
    13. high school 中学 14. put up 搭起,举起,张贴
    15. in the countryside 在乡下 16. get a surprise 吃惊
    17. make a fire 生火 18. each other 互相
    19. so… that… 如此……以至于…… 20. go to sleep 入睡
    21. the next morning 第二天早上 22. look out of…向……外看
    23. shout to 冲……呼喊 24. up and down 上上下下
    25. wake…up 把……弄醒 wake up醒来 26. move into… 移进……
    27. a swimming pool 一个游泳池 28.a second 又一,再一

    ◆用法集萃
    1. go + doing 去做某事 ,一般指室外活动。如go shopping, go swimming, go skating
    2. do some +doing 从事某种活动,一般指室内活动。如do some writing, do some washing
    3.play + 球类 玩……球
    4.时间段+ ago ……前
    ago立足于现在,表示从现在起,若干时间之前,通常与一般过去时连用。常放在时间词后面
    before立足过去,表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前,常与过去完成时连用。常放在时间词前。也可以泛指从前
    5.keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 使……保持……
    6. so + 形容词 / 副词+ that 句子 如此……以至于……
    not ……enough to…… ;too ……to……
    The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
    The boy is too young to go to school.
    The boy is not old enough to go to school.
    7. see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
    8. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
    9.start to do / doing sth. 开始做某事
    10.put on穿上 put up张贴 put off延期 put down放下
    11.shout at sb指因为生气等而非善意地对某人后脚,是怀有恶意或比较粗鲁的方式
    shout to sb指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊(否则对方无法听见),不带生气等感情因素。
    He shouted at me to get out of his way.
    He shouted to me to come over to help.

    u 语法
    1. 一般过去时的特殊疑问句
    特殊疑问句是由疑问代词(who, what, which)和疑问词(where,when,why,how)引导的疑问句
    疑问句在句中不充当主语时,句型结构为:疑问词+was/were+主语+其他?
    疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?
    How was your weekend?
    When did you go with?
    疑问句在句中充当主语时,句型结构为:
    疑问词+ was/were+表语+其他?
    疑问词+行为动词的过去式 +其他?
    Who was here just now?
    What is the name of the dog?
    Who cleaned our classroom yesterday?
    2. that’s why……为常用语,意为“那是…的原因”,后面要接一个陈述句。
    That’s why he was late for school.
    3.句型:what language do/does +主语+speak?用于询问某人讲什么语言?

    ◆典句必背
    1. —What did you do last weekend? 上个周末你做什么了?
    —I did my homework. / We went boating. 我做了我的家庭作业。/我们去划船了。
    2. —Who visited her grandma? 谁看望了她的奶奶?— Becky did. 贝姬看望了。
    3. My sister finished high school two weeks ago. 我的姐姐两周前中学毕业了。
    4. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我是如此疲倦,以至于我很早就睡着了。

    ◆话题写作
    My friend Li Hua came to visit me on May Day. During the following days I showed him around the city. We went to the Guangzhou Museum on the morning of May 2. We learned much about the history of Guangzhou. In the afternoon., we climbed the Baiyun Hills. It was really great fun! In the evening. I took Li Hua to the night zoo. It was interesting to see animals at night. The next day, we went to the bookshops to buy books. Though we were very tired, we enjoyed ourselves very much.
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