高考英语阅读理解分类训练:健康类
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Mst f these ppular diets wrk by cutting dwn n a certain nutrient (营养素) frm yur fd intake (摄入量). Fr example, sme diets wrk by cutting dwn n carbhydrates (碳水化合物). This means the bdy must use its fat reserves fr energy. This might help yu lse weight. Hwever, by cutting a particular fd grup ut f yur diet, yu are starving yur bdy f a nutrient that it needs, which culd leave yu feeling weak, tired r even bad-tempered. Besides, these diets are ften unsuccessful in the lng run.
Generally, ne f the mst effective ways f lsing weight is t cut dwn n calries. The recmmended (推荐的) calrie intake fr an adult male is 2,500. If a man cnsumes mre than 2, 500 calries each day, then he is likely t gain weight. Hwever, if he cnsumes less, then he is likely t lse weight.
In fact, prteins, carbhydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals all play an imprtant rle in staying healthy, which is why they all shuld be included in yur meals. Of curse, sme fds can be eaten in mderatin (节制) as an ccasinal snack. Fr example, a bar f chclate every nce in a while wn’t cause yu any prblems.
S, instead f spending mney n ppular diet pills r special weight lss fds, try t eat healthy balanced meals cntaining fds frm all fd grups. S, next time yur friends tell yu that they are ging n a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better chice.
1.What can we knw abut the ppular diets mentined in the para. 1?
A.They are effective t lse weight.B.They are extremely unhealthy.
C.They help get peple slim.D.They can replace peple’s everyday meals.
2.Hw t lse weight effectively accrding t the passage?
A.By reducing calrie intake.B.By frming a strict diet.
C.By taking regular exercise.D.By having diet prducts.
3.What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A.Diet prducts shuld be mderately taken.
B.Keeping a balanced diet is the best plicy.
C.It’s necessary t reduce carbhydrates intake.
D.Ging n a diet shuld be stpped immediately.
4.In which clumn f a newspaper will the passage be fund?
A.Fds and health.B.Human and nature.
C.Ecnmy and technlgy.D.Sprts and exercise.
Taking a regular afternn nap(小睡)may bring better mental functins(心理机能)in ld peple, a study has fund. Researchers fund sleeping in the afternn has smething t d with better memry in the ageing Chinese ppulatin.
The study, published in nline jurnal General Psychiatry, examined the sleep patterns f 2,214 healthy peple aged 60 and ver in several large cities in China, including Beijing and Shanghai. Of thse wh tk part in the study, 1,534 tk a regular afternn nap f between five minutes and tw hurs, while 680 did nt.
Participants(参与者)in the study were asked hw ften they napped during the week, with answers frm nce a week t every day. The average length f nighttime sleep was arund 6.5 hurs in bth grups, thugh n infrmatin was abut hw lng they sleep.
All participants tk part in a dementia(痴呆)screening test t check their mental functins acrss a number f areas The researchers fund imprtant differences in memry, with scres higher amng the napping grup.
“In additin t reducing sleepiness, mid-day naps ffer a lt f benefits such as strengthening memry, preparatin fr fllwing learning, and emtinal stability, but these effects were nt bserved in all cases,” the researchers said.
Hwever, the researchers did pint ut the research culd nt prve whether afternn naps put ff the dementia f lder peple, r whether they might be a sign f dementia. The researchers plan t cntinue their research t understand the details f these cnnectins, and hpe t publish mre wrk in this field in the future.
5.Accrding t the text,afternn naps can help ld peple___________.
A.remember things betterB.keep their prmises
C.treat thers with kindnessD.live a rich life
6.Hw did the researchers get the findings?
A.By watching the ld peple's regular afternn nap.
B.By cmparing the participants' mental functins
C.By shwing many facts abut ld peple's dementia.
D.By asking the participants t take many physical examinatins
7.What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A.Afternn naps can put dementia ff.
B.The participants will write mre wrks.
C.There will be a further study n afternn naps.
D.The authr f the text wants t make the study.
8.What des the text mainly talk abut?
A.The advantages f afternn naps fr the ld.
B.The harm f ld peple's dementia.
C.The cnnectin between living lnger and dementia.
D.The way t develp the habit f taking afternn naps
Restricting meals t early in the day did nt affect weight amng verweight adults with prediabetes r diabetes(糖尿病), accrding t a research presented at the American Heart Assciatin's Scientific Sessins 2020.
“We have wndered fr a lng time if when ne eats during the day affects the way the bdy uses and stres energy,” said study authr Nisa M. Maruthur, assciate prfessr f medicine in Jhns Hpkins University in Baltimre. “Mst previus studies have nt cntrlled the number f calries, s it wasn't clear if peple wh ate earlier just ate fewer calries. In this study, the nly thing we changed was the time f eating in the day.”
Maruthur and clleagues fllwed 41 verweight adults in a 12-week study. Mst participants(参与者)(90%)were African American wmen with prediabetes r diabetes, and average age f 59 years. Twenty-ne f the adults fllwed a time-restricted eating pattern, limiting eating t specific hurs f the day and ate 80% f their calries befre 1 pm. The remaining 20 participants ate at usual times during a 12-hur windw, cnsuming half f their daily calries after 5 pm fr the entire 12 weeks. All participants cnsumed the same pre-prepared, healthy meals prvided fr the study. Weight and bld pressure were measured at the beginning f the study;then at 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks.
The analysis fund that peple in bth grups lst weight and had decreased bld pressure n matter when they ate. "We thught that the time-restricted grup wuld lse mre weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did nt see any difference in weight lss fr thse wh ate mst f their calries earlier versus later in the day. We did nt see any effects n bld pressure either.”
The researchers are nw cllecting mre detailed infrmatin n bld pressure recrded ver 24 hurs, and they will bring this infrmatin tgether with the results f a study n the effects f time-restricted feeding n bld sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and ther hrmnes and making analyses n the data. "Tgether, these findings will help us t mre fully understand the effects f time-restricted eating n cardimetablic(心血管代谢)health," Maruthur said.
9.What made this study different frm earlier nes?
A.Participants' age.B.Participants' daily eating time
C.The number f participants.D.Research members.
10.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A.Research prcedure.B.Research result.
C.Research purpse.D.Research institutin.
11.What d we knw frm Maruthur's wrds in paragraph 4?
A.Bld pressure is cnnected with eating time.
B.Taking in less calries earlier makes fr weight lss.
C.Eat calries earlier desn't affect weight lss.
D.Eating time determines yur effect f lsing weight.
12.What may the researchers d next accrding t the last paragraph?
A.Stp research.B.Annunce findings.
C.Write essays.D.Analyze data.
Bilgical age might help determine yur quality f life as yu get lder, since yur cells and rgans have ages varying frm yur regular age. Many aging-research scientists believe that knwing yur bilgical age culd help yu pstpne r avid age-related illnesses, and better predict an individual’s lifespan (寿命). Other scientists argue that there’s n standard way t measure bilgical age. At the center f the debate are hpes that peple can extend their lives by changing their behavirs.
Since everybdy’s genes (基因) are different, tracking yur bilgical age culd help determine yur mst helpful habits and custmize them. Peple als can attempt t lwer their bilgical age thrugh ways f effectively managing stress.
Dr. Sinclair at Harvard is develping a bilgical-age test based n chemical changes n DNA.He plans t launch it with a new cmpany called Tally Health. Thugh criticized by ther scientists fr hyping the results f sme f his findings fr his business, he says that he desn’t verstate his research findings.
Inside Tracker, a persnalized-nutritin cmpany funded by scientists, calculates bilgical age by having users take bld tests and analyzing the samples fr marks f diseases. Thse wh test as lder than their years get recmmendatins t adjust diet, exercise and medicine.
Many ther health startups are ffering testing that claims t calculate bilgical age, smetimes with little scientific backing, and designing medicine aimed at bsting yuthfulness.
Stephen Rbert tested himself earlier this year with an at-hme bld test as an effrt t imprve his health at age 51. “I drink and smke,” he says, s he expected his bilgical age t be a lt lder than his calendar age. He says he was shcked when test results reprted his bilgical age was 24.
Grdan Lauc, prfessr f bichemistry and chief scientific fficer f GlycanAge, says the results make sense given Mr. Rbert’s genetics — lngevity runs in his family and lifestyle, which is likely less stressful.
13.What can peple d after knwing their bilgical ages?
A.Imprve their calendar ages t prevent diseases.
B.Determine ways t effectively manage stress.
C.Get persnalized-nutritin plan t imprve health.
D.Lengthen their lives by changing their cnduct.
14.Why did sme scientists criticize Dr. Sinclair?
A.He verstated his findings t make a prfit.
B.His scientific research was far frm mature.
C.His cmpany let ut peple’s bilgical age.
D.Bilgical-age test did harm t peple’s health.
15.What accunts fr Stephen’s yung bilgical age accrding t Grdan?
A.He manages stress in life successfully.B.He had gd nutritin at his childhd.
C.His family has a lng-life traditin.D.He has imprved his bilgical life.
16.Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Understand Yur Calendar Life and Stay Healthy
B.Meet Yur Bilgical Age and Extend Yur Life
C.Imprve Yur Bilgical Age with Gd Habits
D.Emply Bilgical Technlgy t Start Business
Fr thusands f years, traditinal Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used acrss China and Sutheast Asia. Its practices have develped ver time and nw, scientists are giving it a high-tech update.
Develped by Singaprean cmpany AiTreat, “EMMA”is a rbt masseuse(女按摩师) designed t give Tui Na, a type f TCM bdywrk similar t a deep tissue massage (深层组织按摩),a 21st-century makever. Using sensrs and 3D visin t measure muscle stiffness (僵硬),EMMA (which stands fr “Expert Manipulative Massage Autmatin”) identifies pressure pints and gives massages t patients t help ffer pain relief and relaxatin. AiTreat funder and CEO Albert Zhang hpes that EMMA can create lw-cst massage treatments that can be part f the grwing attractin f preventative medicine.
In 2015, Zhang funded AiTreat. A trained TCM physician, Zhang has firsthand experience treating patients.
Patients lying n the table might nt even ntice the difference between EMMA and a real-life masseuse -but Zhang desn't want rbts t replace masseuses. Instead, he says that they can help by taking away the back-breaking wrk masseuses d every day, and enable them t “fcus n the 10% highly skilled part,” which can increase their prductivity and incme while reducing the cst fr patients. “One physician can nly see ne patient at a time,but with EMMA, the physician can cntrl tw rbts and see up t fur patients at the same time,” he says.
While TCM practitiners accept years f training, EMMA’s AI system has been trained with thusands f “data pints”-bdies f different shapes, sizes and ethnicities-t find the acupints (穴位) in each individual, says Zhang.
Currently, Zhang says 11 rbts are wrking at eight different clinics (诊所)in Singapre, with plans t send them verseas. “We are seeing great respnses frm practitiners in the US and China,” he adds.
17.What d we knw abut EMMA?
A.It is develped by a Chinese cmpany.
B.It has becme part f preventative medicine.
C.It can cmfrt patients by massaging them.
D.It needs t lcate the stiffness with the help f dctrs.
18.What advantage des EMMA have accrding t paragraph 4?
A.It is mre reliable than a real masseuse.
B.It can wrk n highly skilled parts.
C.It is sfter than a real masseuse.
D.It is highly effective.
19.What is Zhang’s attitude t the future f EMMA?
A.Wrried.B.Cnfident.C.UncaringD.Thankful.
20.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Tui Na massage by a rbt masseuse
B.TCM being accepted by mre patients
C.Humans lsing jb pprtunities due t AI rbts
D.Battle between EMMA and the human masseuse
Yga (瑜伽) is a kind f sprt. It is very ppular arund the wrld nw. Everyne, yung r ld, men r wmen, can d yga.
There are many reasns why peple like yga. First, yga can build up yur muscle. Yur bdy will becme strnger and mre flexible. Secnd, yga helps yu get rid f stress. What's mre, yga can help yur mind stay calm. T put it simply, the reasn why s many peple are falling in lve with yga is that they are discvering hw wnderful it is fr their mind, bdy and spirit.
Yga began in India abut 5,000 years ag. At that time, peple wanted t be free, healthy and live a lng life. As a result, this kind f exercise was brn. The early yga was part f the religin (宗教). It was usually taught ne t ne—ne teacher and ne student. Later, it was accepted by mre peple.
Yga is an Indian wrd that means “t jin tgether”. There are three parts f yga altgether: exercise, breathing and meditatin (冥想). In the past, peple paid mre attentin t the spirit. The idea behind the exercise was t jin the mind, bdy and spirit as ne.
With the develpment f the exercise, mre and mre peple are ding yga as a way f keeping healthy. Amng them, ffice ladies enjy ding yga mst. Yga can give them peace, help them feel relaxed and have fewer wrries and illnesses.
21.Frm the passage, we knw that yga is ________ .
A.a kind f musicB.a kind f sprt
C.a kind f bkD.a kind f fd
22.What is the main idea f Paragraph 2?
A.The reasns why peple like yga.B.The places where peple d yga.
C.The ways that peple develp yga.D.The persns wh invented yga.
23.When did yga begin in India?
A.2,000 years ag.B.3,000 years ag.
C.4,000 years ag.D.5,000 years ag.
24.What is the passage mainly abut?
A.The intrductin f yga.B.The intrductin f paper.
C.The intrductin f drink.D.The intrductin f weather.
When it cmes t having a healthy bdy, seeing may be believing. Experiments suggest that peple wh are shwn pictures f their clgged arteries (动脉阻塞) may be mre likely t stay healthy than peple wh d nt.
Researchers studied just ver 3,500 peple. These peple were between 40 and 60 years f age. Each persn had at least ne risk fr heart disease, but n signs f the disrder. The researchers divided these subjects int tw grups. The first grup received what was called usual care — like taking medicine r talking with health care wrkers abut heart disease. Hwever, the members f the ther grup were shwn pictures f their arteries. Researchers als gave them special guidance n why thse pictures might be a sign f future health prblems. One year later, the peple wh watched the images f their wn arteries had less risk fr heart disease than thse wh weren’t shwn the pictures. That is where the “pictures” part may help.
Dctrs warn that many peple think they have healthy hearts but, actually, they d nt. Clgged arteries can be a silent killer. It takes many years t develp and patients may shw n signs until the cnditin is serius and difficult t treat. Because it is a silent killer, experts say patients nly remember a small part f what their dctr tells them t d. Seeing a picture is much mre effective. T use a ppular English expressin, “A picture is wrth a thusand wrds.”
Smking, an unhealthy habit, and being shrt f exercise increase the risk f heart attacks. Exercising fr at least 30 minutes every day f the week will help t prevent heart disease. Eating at least five servings f fruit and vegetables a day, and limiting (限制) yur salt intake t less than ne spn a day, als helps t prevent heart attacks.
25.What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A.Bth f the tw grups received s-called usual care.
B.Mre than 3,500 peple f all ages tk part in the study.
C.Seeing pictures f pssible illness helps peple t keep healthy.
D.Heart disease is mre difficult t treat withut medicine.
26.What des the underlined wrd “effective” prbably mean in Paragraph 3?
A.Interesting.B.Dangerus.C.Cmmn.D.Helpful.
27.What shuld we d t prevent heart attacks accrding t the text?
A.Stp r avid smking.B.Take as much sugar as salt.
C.Exercise nce a week.D.Eat as many nuts as pssible.
28.Where may the text be taken frm?
A.A travel guide.B.A nvel.C.A science website.D.A persnal diary.
The science f yur wellbeing
This curse cvers the real science f better health and happiness. With evidence -based advice frm the very latest scientific research, yu’ll find the truth abut nutritin and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.
What will yu learn?
·Why the brain makes habits hard t break.
·Techniques that can help yu break bad habits.
·Achievable steps t imprve yur diets.
·Activities t help yu remain healthy.
·Techniques infrmed by psychlgical research that yu can use t imprve yur level f happiness.
Wh is this curse suitable fr?
·This curse is suitable fr students at all levels.
·Yu may be cnsidering a career in nutritin r fitness and a basic understanding f diets, nutritin and exercise.
·Many f ur learners take this curse t imprve their university applicatin.
Wh are yur instructrs?
·Giles Ye: He’s a prgram leader at the Medical Research Cuncil Metablic Diseases Unit at the University f Cambridge. His first bk Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his secnd, Why Calries Dn’t Cunt, came ut in June 2021.
·Jasn Gill: He’s a prfessr f exercise and health at the University f Glasgw. He studies the effects f exercise and diets n the preventin and management f diseases.
·Jacky Frsyth: She’s an assciate prfessr at the Schl f Health, Science and Wellbeing, Staffrdshire University. She fcuses n develping research and study n wmen in sprt and exercise.
·Bruce Hd: He’s a prfessr f Develpmental Psychlgy in Sciety at the University f Bristl. His research interests include the science f happiness, and inhibitry cntrl f thughts and actins.
29.What can we d if we take the curse?
A.Take part in research activities.B.Get science-based suggestins.
C.Interview sme experts.D.Taste healthy dishes.
30.Wh may be interested in the curse?
A.Peple wh tend t be physically active.B.Peple wh have many bad habits in life.
C.Peple wh are applying t dream clleges.D.Peple wh want t succeed in their career.
31.Which instructr is als a writer?
A.Giles Ye.B.Jasn Gill.C.Jacky Frsyth.D.Bruce Hd.
Why d sme peple experience depressin (抑郁症) while thers dn’t even under the same cnditin? Finding ut what makes smene easier t have depressin cntinues t be ne f the mst imprtant questins fr researchers.
Althugh researchers dn’t have an exact answer as t why sme peple are easier t suffer depressin than thers, there’s likely mre than ne factr. Research has shwn everything frm physical and chemical differences in the brain t scial and envirnmental factrs.
This makes it challenging t treat depressin. A mre cmplete understanding f varius factrs that lead t depressin culd help researchers get better at predicting wh will get depressed. With the infrmatin, researchers wuld als be better at predicting hw a persn might respnd t anti-depressants (抗抑郁药) r ther frms f treatment.
While the experience f depressin is shared by many, the factrs are different fr each persn. There are sme factrs like genetics that yu dn’ t have cntrl ver. Hwever, there are thers like yur diet that can be changed. While making a change wn’t necessarily prevent depressin, it may help diminish yur risk f depressin.
Whether yu can change them r nt, it’s helpful t knw abut factrs that culd make yu mre likely t develp depressin in yur lifetime. Just remember that researchers are still figuring ut the rle each factr plays. Having ne r several f the factrs that are thught t lead t depressin desn’t mean yu will certainly becme depressed.
Depressin is cmmn in peple f all ages. Accrding t a reprt, depressin affects abut 17.3 millin peple in the United States in 2017. And in 2018, it is reprted that abut 1.9 millin children (ages 3~17) in the US have been diagnsed (诊断) with depressin.
32.What makes depressin hard t treat?
A.Peple’s different eating habits.
B.The different causes f suffering it.
C.The limit f the treatment cnditins.
D.Peple using brains differently.
33.What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Explre.B.Ignre.C.Reduce.D.Spread.
34.What are yu advised t d abut depressin?
A.Change yur lifestyle immediately.
B.Knw abut the factrs f depressin.
C.Take ant-depressants as sn as pssible.
D.Stp caring abut the causes f depressin.
35.What can we infer frm the numbers in the last paragraph?
A.Depressin is nt a rare disease in the wrld.
B.The cnditin f depressin is nt s serius.
C.Teenagers are easier t suffer frm depressin.
D.The future f treating depressin is prmising.
What if cmputers culd replace patients? If virtual (虚拟的) humans culd have replaced real peple in sme stages f a drug trial, it culd have sped up develpment f a preventive tl and slwed dwn the spread f viruses. Similarly, ptential drugs that weren’t likely t wrk culd have been identified early, cutting trial csts and aviding testing pr drug candidates n living vlunteers. These are sme f the benefits f “in silic medicine”, which is als knwn as “cmputatinal medicine”.
Pwerful cmputers get t wrk based n the data accrding t sme rules, prducing a virtual rgan (器官) that lks and behaves like the real thing. With virtual rgans, the mdeling begins by feeding data int a cmplex mathematical mdel f the mechanisms.
In silic clinical trials are already underway t an extent. Fr the freseeable future, real patients will be needed in late-stage studies, but in silic trials will make it pssible t cnduct quick and inexpensive first assessments f safety and efficiency, hugely reducing the number f live human subjects required fr experimentatin.
The U.S. Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA), fr instance, is using cmputer simulatins (模拟) in place f human trials fr evaluating new technlgy systems. The agency has als published guidance fr designing trials f drugs and devices that include virtual patients.
Beynd speeding results and reducing the risks f clinical trials, in silic medicine can be used in place f risky interventins (干预) that are required fr analyzing r planning treatment f certain medical cnditins. Fr example, HeartFlw Analysis, a clud-based service apprved by the FDA, enables dctrs t identify heart disease based n CT images f a patient’s heart. The HeartFlw system has used these images t cnstruct a dynamic mdel f the bld running thrugh the heart, thus identifying abnrmal cnditins and their severity. Withut this technlgy, dctrs wuld need t cut int the bdy t perfrm an angigram (血管造影) t decide whether and hw t intervene. Experimenting n digital mdels f individual patients can als help persnalize treatment fr any number f cnditins.
36.What is the key factr f “in silic medicine”?
A.Trial csts.B.Virtual rgans.
C.Ptential drugs.D.Living vlunteers.
37.What can we knw abut “in silic medicine”?
A.It is mainly used t try drugs.B.It is lacking in practical value.
C.It frees patients frm clinical trials.D.It prvides safety and reduces csts.
38.What can be inferred abut HeartFlw Analysis?
A.It is being applied t FDA fr use.B.It has given dctrs practical help.
C.It mdels CT images f living patients.D.It functins n the basis f angigrams.
39.What is the main idea f the text?
A.Virtual medical science is develping rapidly.
B.Clinical trials f new drugs have been sped up.
C.Virtual patients make clinical trials fast and reliable.
D.Cmputers will replace human dctrs in the future.
参考答案
1.B
2.A
3.B
4.A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了健康均衡的饮食是最合理有效的减肥方式。
1.
细节理解题。根据第一段“Hwever, such ppular prducts and diets are ften fund t be extremely unhealthy.(然而,这些受欢迎的产品和饮食往往被发现是极其不健康的)”可知,这段中提到的流行饮食非常不健康,故选B。
2.
细节理解题。根据第三段“Generally, ne f the mst effective ways f lsing weight is t cut dwn n calries.(一般来说,最有效的减肥方法之一就是减少卡路里摄入)”可知,通过减少卡路里的摄入,才能有效地减肥。故选A。
3.
推理判断题。根据最后一段“S, instead f spending mney n ppular diet pills r special weight lss fds, try t eat healthy balanced meals cntaining fds frm all fd grups. S, next time yur friends tell yu that they are ging n a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better chice.(因此,与其花钱购买流行的减肥药或特殊的减肥食品,不如尝试吃健康均衡的膳食,包括所有食物组的食物。所以,下次当你的朋友告诉你他们正在节食时,告诉他们健康均衡的饮食是一个更好的选择)”可知,保持均衡的饮食是减肥最好的策略。故选B。
4.
推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是最后一段的“S, instead f spending mney n ppular diet pills r special weight lss fds, try t eat healthy balanced meals cntaining fds frm all fd grups. S, next time yur friends tell yu that they are ging n a diet, tell them that eating a healthy balanced diet is a much better chice.(所以,与其把钱花在流行的减肥药或特殊的减肥食品上,不如试着吃健康均衡的食物,包括所有种类的食物。所以,下次你的朋友告诉你他们要节食的时候,告诉他们健康均衡的饮食是一个更好的选择。)”可知,本文主要介绍了健康均衡的饮食是最合理有效的减肥方式,因此是文章是关于健康饮食的,因此推断会出现在报纸的食物和健康栏目。故选A。
5.A
6.B
7.C
8.A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。研究发现,午睡能使老年人拥有更好的记忆力,并可能让他们拥有更好的心理机能。
5.
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Researchers fund sleeping in the afternn has smething t d with better verbal fluency and memry in the ageing Chinese ppulatin.(研究人员发现,在中国老年人口中,下午睡觉与更好的语言流畅性和记忆力有关)可知,习惯午睡的老年人有更好的记忆力。故选A。
6.
推理判断题。根据文章第二段The study, published in nline jurnal General Psychiatry, examined the sleep patterns f 2,214 healthy peple aged 60 and ver in several large cities in China, including Beijing and Shanghai. Of thse wh tk part in the study, 1,534 tk a regular afternn nap f between five minutes and tw hurs, while 680 did nt.(这项研究发表在在线期刊《普通精神病学》上,调查了包括北京和上海在内的中国几个大城市的2214名60岁及以上健康人士的睡眠模式。在参与研究的人中,有1534人定期午睡5分钟到2小时,而有680人没有午睡)和文章第三段Participants in the study were asked hw ften they napped during the week, with answers ranging frm nce a week t every day. The average length f nighttime sleep was arund 6.5 hurs in bth grups, thugh n infrmatin was taken n the specific duratin r timing f the naps taken.(参与这项研究的人被问及他们一周小睡的频率,答案从一周一次到每天一次不等。两组人的平均夜间睡眠时间都在6.5小时左右,但没有记录具体的睡眠时间或时间)可知,这个实验通过对参与者进行痴呆筛选来检查他们的心理机能。经过比较后,研究人员发现有午睡习惯的一组参与者在语言流畅度和记忆力方面得分更高。由此推知,研究人员是经过比较参与者的心理机能来获得发现的。故选B。
7.
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句The researchers plan t cntinue their research t understand the details f these cnnectins, and hpe t publish mre wrk in this field in the future.(研究人员计划继续他们的研究,以了解这些联系的细节,并希望在未来发表更多这一领域的工作)可知,关于午睡还会有进一步的研究。故选C。
8.
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Taking a regular afternn nap may be linked t better mental functins in ld peple, a study has fund. Researchers fund sleeping in the afternn has smething t d with better verbal fluency and memry in the ageing Chinese ppulatin.(一项研究发现,有规律的午睡可能与老年人更好的心智功能有关。研究人员发现,在中国老年人口中,下午睡觉与更好的语言流畅性和记忆力有关)可知,文章主要介绍了午睡对老年人的好处。故选A。
9.B
10.A
11.C
12.D
【解析】
【详解】
本文是说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究。该项研究将一组人限制早上进食,另一组人正常进食,来研究他们之间的减肥效果和血压等之间的变化区别。该研究表明,早上限制能量摄入对减肥没有什么影响。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段“Mst previus studies have nt cntrlled the number f calries, s it wasn't clear if peple wh ate earlier just ate fewer calries. In this study, the nly thing we changed was the time f eating in the day.(之前的大多数研究都没有控制卡路里的数量,所以不清楚吃得早的人是否只摄入了更少的卡路里。在这项研究中,我们唯一改变的是一天中吃饭的时间。)”可知,在这项研究中,我们唯一改变的是一天中吃饭的时间。故选B项。
10.主旨大意题。通读本段内容可知,本段主要介绍研究过程,例如参加人数,怎么进行分组,什么时候测量体重和血压等。故选A项。
11.推理判断题。根据第四段中“We thught that the time-restricted grup wuld lse mre weight,” Maruthur said. “Yet that didn't happen. We did nt see any difference in weight lss fr thse wh ate mst f their calries earlier versus later in the day. We did nt see any effects n bld pressure either.(“我们认为有时间限制的那一组会减掉更多的体重,”马鲁瑟说。但这并没有发生。我们没有发现在一天中早些时候摄入大部分卡路里的人与晚些时候摄入卡路里的人在减肥方面有什么不同。我们也没有发现对血压有任何影响。)”可知,他们原以为有时间限制的那组人会减掉更多的体重。然而,这并没有发生。他们发现一天中早些时候或晚些时候摄入大部分卡路里的人的体重减轻没有任何区别。故选C项。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The researchers are nw cllecting mre detailed infrmatin n bld pressure recrded ver 24 hurs, and they will bring this infrmatin tgether with the results f a study n the effects f time-restricted feeding n bld sugar, insulin(胰岛素)and ther hrmnes and making analyses n the data.(目前,研究人员正在收集有关24小时内血压记录的更详细信息,他们将把这些信息与限时喂食对血糖、胰岛素和其他激素的影响的研究结果结合起来,并对数据进行分析。)”可知,接下来研究人员将收集更详细的24小时内血压记录信息。他们将把这些信息和限制饮食时间对血糖、胰岛素和其他激素影响的研究结果进行汇集,并对此进行分析。故选D项。
13.D
14.A
15.C
16.B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解生物年龄能帮助人们通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命。
13.
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Many aging-research scientists believe that knwing yur bilgical age culd help yu pstpne r avid age-related illnesses, and better predict an individual’s lifespan(寿命). (许多研究衰老的科学家认为,知道自己的生理年龄可以帮助你推迟或避免与年龄有关的疾病,并更好地预测一个人的寿命。)”和第二段的“At the center f the debate are hpes that peple can extend their lives by changing their behavirs. (争论的中心是希望人们可以通过改变行为来延长寿命)”可知,了解生物年龄能够帮助人们推迟或者避免与年龄相关的疾病,人们也可以通过改变行为习惯来延长寿命。故选D。
14.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Dr. Sinclair at Harvard is develping a bilgical-age test based n chemical changes n DNA. He plans t launch it with a new cmpany called Tally Health. (哈佛大学的辛克莱博士正在开发一种基于DNA化学变化的生物年龄测试。他计划与一家名为“塔利健康”的新公司一起推出这款产品。)”以及“Thugh criticized by ther scientists fr hyping the results f sme f his findings fr his business, he says that he desn't verstate his research findings.( 虽然其他科学家批评他为了自己的生意而夸大自己的一些研究结果,但他说自己并没有夸大自己的研究结果。)”可知,哈佛大学的辛克莱博士计划与Tally Health合作,研发能够检测生物年龄的测试,然而遭到别的科学家的批评。由此可知,一些科学家批评他,是因为认为他夸大字节的研究结果,并以此牟利。故选A。
15.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the results make sense given Mr. Rbert's genetics—lngevity runs in his family and lifestyle, which is likely less stressful.(考虑到罗伯特的基因长寿与他的家庭和生活方式有关,他的生活压力可能更小,这一结果是合理的。)”可知,戈登教授解释说,这是因为罗伯特先生的遗传基因,他的家族都长寿。故选C。
16.
主旨大意题。本文介绍了解生物年龄的好处是能够让人们通过改变自身行为习惯来延长寿命。故B项“了解你的生物年龄,延长寿命”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
17.C
18.D
19.B
20.A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了机器人按摩师EMMA对人类进行按摩治病。
17.
细节理解题。根据第二段“Using sensrs and 3D visin t measure muscle stiffness (僵硬),EMMA (which stands fr “Expert Manipulative Massage Autmatin”) identifies pressure pints and gives massages t patients t help ffer pain relief and relaxatin. (使用传感器和3D视觉来测量肌肉的僵硬程度,EMMA(代表“自动化按摩专家”)识别压力点,给病人按摩,帮助减轻疼痛和放松。)”可知,EMMA可以通过按摩来减轻病人疼痛并让病人放松。故选C。
18.
细节理解题。根据第四段“ “One physician can nly see ne patient at a time, but with EMMA, the physician can cntrl tw rbts and see up t fur patients at the same time,” he says.( 他说:“一名医生一次只能看一名病人,但有了EMMA,医生可以控制两个机器人,最多同时看四名病人。”)”可知,因为在EMMA的帮助下,医生可以给多个病人看病;由此可知,EMMA的优点在于它的高效率。故选D。
19.
推理判断题。根据最后一段“ “We are seeing great respnses frm practitiners in the US and China,” he adds.( 他补充称:“我们看到美国和中国从业者的反应很好。”)”可知,因为Zhang看到了EMMA的积极一面;由此可知,Zhang对EMMA的将来充满了自信。故选B。
20.
主旨大意题。阅读文章内容,并根据第二段“Develped by Singaprean cmpany AiTreat, “EMMA”is a rbt masseuse(女按摩师) designed t give Tui Na, a type f TCM bdywrk similar t a deep tissue massage (深层组织按摩),a 21st-century makever. (“EMMA”是由新加坡AiTreat公司开发的一款机器人按摩师,旨在为推拿(一种类似于中医身体的深层组织按摩)进行21世纪的改造。)”可知,本文主要介绍了机器人按摩师EMMA对人类进行按摩治病。故选A。
21.B
22.A
23.D
24.A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑜伽这项运动,说明了人们喜爱瑜伽的原因、瑜伽的历史发展、瑜伽运动背后的思想等情况。
21.
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yga (瑜伽) is a kind f sprt.(瑜伽是一种运动。)”可知瑜伽是一种运动,故选B。
22.
主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are many reasns why peple like yga. First, yga can build up yur muscle. Yur bdy will becme strnger and mre flexible. Secnd, yga helps yu get rid f stress. What's mre, yga can help yur mind stay calm. T put it simply, the reasn why s many peple are falling in lve with yga is that they are discvering hw wnderful it is fr their mind, bdy and spirit.(人们喜欢瑜伽的原因有很多。首先,瑜伽可以锻炼你的肌肉。你的身体会变得更强壮,更灵活。第二,瑜伽帮助你摆脱压力。更重要的是,瑜伽可以帮助你保持头脑冷静。简单地说,这么多人爱上瑜伽的原因是他们发现瑜伽对他们的思想、身体和精神有多么美妙。)”可知,第二段的主旨是人们喜欢瑜伽的原因。故选A。
23.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yga began in India abut 5,000 years ag.(瑜伽起源于大约5000年前的印度。)”可知,瑜伽是5000年前在印度开始的。故选D。
24.
主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是第一段的“Yga (瑜伽) is a kind f sprt. It is very ppular arund the wrld nw. Everyne, yung r ld, men r wmen, can d yga.(瑜伽是一种运动。现在它在世界各地都很受欢迎。每个人,无论老少,无论男女,都会做瑜伽。)”可知,文章主要介绍了瑜伽这项运动,说明了人们喜爱瑜伽的原因、瑜伽的历史发展、瑜伽运动背后的思想等情况,故选A。
25.C
26.D
27.A
28.C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。实验表明,那些看到动脉阻塞图片的人可能比那些没有看到的人更有可能保持健康。文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康的研究发现。
25.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“One year later, the peple wh watched the images f their wn arteries had less risk fr heart disease than thse wh weren’t shwn the pictures. That is where the “pictures” part may help. (一年后,那些看了自己动脉图像的人比那些没有看图像的人患心脏病的风险更低。这就是“图片”部分可能有所帮助的地方)”可知,看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康。故选C。
26.
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“T use a ppular English expressin, “A picture is wrth a thusand wrds.”(用一句流行的英语表达就是“一张图片胜过千言万语”)”可知,可见看图片是有帮助的。画线词意思是“有帮助的”。故选D。
27.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Smking, an unhealthy habit, and being shrt f exercise increase the risk f heart attacks.(吸烟、不健康的习惯以及缺乏锻炼都会增加心脏病发作的风险)”可知,我们应该停止或避免吸烟来预防心脏病发作。故选A。
28.
推理判断题。根据第一段“When it cmes t having a healthy bdy, seeing may be believing. Experiments suggest that peple wh are shwn pictures f their clgged arteries (动脉阻塞) may be mre likely t stay healthy than peple wh d nt.(说到拥有一个健康的身体,眼见为实。实验表明,看到自己动脉阻塞图片的人可能比没有看到的人更有可能保持健康)”结合文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及看到可能生病的图片有助于人们保持健康的研究发现。可推知,文章选自科学网站。故选C。
29.B
30.C
31.A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一门关于健康饮食和保持健康的课程,介绍了课程内容、适合对象以及导师的情况。
29.
细节理解题。根据第一段中“With evidence -based advice frm the very latest scientific research, yu’ll find the truth abut nutritin and diets, exercise and mental wellbeing.(根据最新科学研究提供的基于证据的建议,你会发现关于营养、饮食、锻炼和心理健康的真相)”以及What will yu learn?部分中“·Techniques infrmed by psychlgical research that yu can use t imprve yur level f happiness.(·心理学研究提供的技能,可以用来提高你的幸福水平)”可知,如果我们上了这门课,我们能获得科学的建议。故选B。
30.
细节理解题。根据Wh is this curse suitable fr?部分中“·Many f ur learners take this curse t imprve their university applicatin. (我们的很多学习者通过学习这门课程来提高他们的大学申请)”可知,申请理想大学的人会对这门课感兴趣。故选C。
31.
细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“·Giles Ye: He’s a prgram leader at the Medical Research Cuncil Metablic Diseases Unit at the University f Cambridge. His first bk Gene Eating was published in December 2018, and his secnd, Why Calries Dn’t Cunt, came ut in June 2021.(·Giles Ye:他是剑桥大学医学研究委员会代谢疾病小组的项目负责人。他的第一本书《基因饮食》于2018年12月出版,第二本书《为什么卡路里不算数》于2021年6月出版)”可知,Giles Ye导师也是作家。故选A。
32.B
33.C
34.B
35.A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文,讲述了更全面地了解导致抑郁症的各种因素可以帮助治疗或者预防抑郁症。
32.
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research has shwn everything frm physical and chemical differences in the brain t scial and envirnmental factrs.(研究表明,从大脑的物理和化学差异到社会和环境因素,一切都是如此。)”和第三段的“This makes it challenging t treat depressin. A mre cmplete understanding f varius factrs that lead t depressin culd help researchers get better at predicting wh will get depressed.(这使得抑郁症的治疗具有挑战性。更全面地了解导致抑郁的各种因素可以帮助研究人员更好地预测谁会抑郁。)”可知,造成抑郁症的不同原因让抑郁症难以治疗,故选B。
33.
词句猜测题。根据第四段的“While making a change wn’t necessarily prevent depressin(尽管做出改变并不一定能预防抑郁)”可知,划线词所在句子表示“虽然改变并不一定能预防抑郁症,但它可能有助于降低患抑郁症的风险”,划线词diminish的意思是“减少”,和reduce意思相近,故选C。
34.
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Whether yu can change them r nt, it’s helpful t knw abut factrs that culd make yu mre likely t develp depressin in yur lifetime.(无论你是否能改变它们,了解可能使你在一生中更容易患抑郁症的因素是有帮助的。)”可知,对于抑郁症的建议是了解患抑郁症的因素。故选B。
35.
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Depressin is cmmn in peple f all ages. Accrding t a reprt, depressin affects abut 17.3 millin peple in the United States in 2017. And in 2018, it is reprted that abut 1.9 millin children (ages 3~17) in the US have been diagnsed (诊断) with depressin.(抑郁症在各个年龄段的人群中都很常见。根据一份报告,2017年美国约有1730万人受抑郁症影响。据报道,2018年,美国约有190万名儿童(3~17岁)被诊断出患有抑郁症。)”可知,抑郁症在世界上并不罕见。故选A。
36.B
37.D
38.B
39.C
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。
36.
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Pwerful cmputers get t wrk based n the data accrding t sme rules, prducing a virtual rgan (器官) that lks and behaves like the real thing. With virtual rgans, the mdeling begins by feeding data int a cmplex mathematical mdel f the mechanisms.(根据一些规则,功能强大的计算机以一些数据为基础,产生一个看起来和行为都像真实器官的虚拟器官。对于虚拟器官,建模首先要将数据输入到复杂的机构数学模型中。)”可知,in silic medicine是用电脑算法模拟活体器官,创造虚拟器官,用以代替真实器官进行药物和治疗方法的测试。故关键因素应该是“虚拟器官”。故选B。
37.
细节理解题。根据第三段中“but in silic trials will make it pssible t cnduct quick and inexpensive first assessments f safety and efficiency, hugely reducing the number f live human subjects required fr experimentatin.(但是在硅胶试验中,可以对安全性和效率进行快速而廉价的初步评估,这将大大减少实验所需的活体受试者的数量。)”可知,这项技术的安全有效,而且能节约成本。故选D。
38.
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The HeartFlw system has used these images t cnstruct a dynamic mdel f the bld running thrugh the heart, thus identifying abnrmal cnditins and their severity. Withut this technlgy, dctrs wuld need t cut int the bdy t perfrm an angigram t decide whether and hw t intervene. (HeartFlw系统利用这些图像构建了血液流经心脏的动态模型,从而识别异常情况及其严重程度。如果没有这项技术,医生将需要切开身体进行血管造影,以决定是否以及如何进行干预。)”可知,该系统已经给予医生实际的帮助。故选B。
39.
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“What if cmputers culd replace patients? If virtual (虚拟的) humans culd have replaced real peple in sme stages f a drug trial, it culd have sped up develpment f a preventive tl and slwed dwn the spread f viruses. Similarly, ptential drugs that weren’t likely t wrk culd have been identified early, cutting trial csts and aviding testing pr drug candidates n living vlunteers. These are sme f the benefits f “in silic medicine”, which is als knwn as “cmputatinal medicine”.”.( 如果电脑能取代病人呢?如果虚拟人能够在药物试验的某些阶段取代真人,就可以加快预防工具的开发,并减缓病毒的传播。同样,那些不太可能起作用的潜在药物也可以在早期被发现,从而降低试验成本,并避免在活着的志愿者身上测试效果不佳的候选药物。这些都是“in silic medicine”的一些好处,也被称为“计算医学”。)”可知,本文主要介绍了在硅医学技术,其关键因素是“虚拟器官”。通过浏览全文,该技术不仅可以加快药物的研发进程,而且可以提前评估实验的安全性和有效性,并且部分已经被用于帮助医生进行临床治疗。所以短文主要是关于虚拟患者使临床试验快速可靠。故选C。
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