高考英语过去分词的用法讲解课件

这是一份高考英语过去分词的用法讲解课件，共50页。PPT课件主要包含了表示时间，高考链接，Practice等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。 (1)  The cup is brken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 (2) He is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。 (3) The city is surrunded n three sides by muntains. 这座城市三面环山。
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。 (1) The cup was brken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作） (2) The library is nw clsed. 图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语） 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bre, wrry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用 -ing 形式来修饰物。 (3) The bk is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) Written in a hurry, this article was nt s gd! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。 (2) Lst / Absrbed in deep thught, he didn’t hear the sund.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 (1) Given anther hur, I can als wrk ut this prblem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。（given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。） (2)  Seen frm the tp f the hill, the city lks mre beautiful t us. 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.) (2) Grwn in rich sil, these seeds can grw fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。( grwn in rich sil 为过去分词作条件状语，它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grwn in rich sil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语,如when，while等。例如： When given a medical examinatin, yu shuld keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 4. 过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He std there silently, mved t tears. = Mved t tears, he std there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
Seen frm the tp f the hill，ur city lks surrunded in the fg．　　＝When it is seen frm the tp f the hill，ur city lks surrunded in the fg．　　从山顶上看，我们的城市看起来像被雾气笼罩了。　　Once published，the dictinary will be very ppular．　　＝Once it is published，the dictinary will be very ppular．　　一旦出版，这本词典将大受欢迎。
有时为了强调时间概念，过去分词之前可用表示时间的连词，如when，while等。例如：　　When cmpleted，this railway will link many industrial cities t a seaprt．　　这条铁路建成后，将把许多工业城市和一个海港连接起来。　　When tld t g t the teachers’ ffice，the girl began t cry．　　当被告知去老师办公室时，这女孩开始哭起来。
表示原因:　　Tired ut by hard wrk，he sn fell asleep．　　—Since he was tired ut by hard wrk，he sn fell asleep．　　由于干重活疲劳至极，他很快就睡着了。
表示条件:　　Given mre time，we wuld certainly have finished the jb much better．　　—If we had been given mre time，we wuld certainly have finished the jb much better 　　要是我们有更多的时间，我们肯定会把工作完成得更好些。　　Beaten by the ppsite team，the players were nt discuraged．　　＝Thugh they were beaten by the ppsite team，the players were nt discuraged．　　虽然被对方打败，但队员们没有泄气。
表示伴随:The prfessr sat there，surrunded by a lt f students．　　教授坐在那里，许多学生围着他。He came back，utterly exhausted．　　他回来时疲惫不堪。
过去分词作定语 作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。 1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。 We must adapt ur thinking t the changed cnditins. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。 The cncert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 (1)The meeting, attended by ver five thusand peple, welcmed the great her. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, bserve, lk at, hear, listen t, feel, ntice, think等。 (1) I heard the sng sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；） (2) He fund his hmetwn greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作fund）
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。(1) I’ll have my hair cut tmrrw. 明天我要理发。(2) He gt his tth pulled ut yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。(3) Dn’t leave thse things undne. 要把那些事情做完。 【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。 (1) He had his mney stlen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如： (2) He had his leg brken.他的腿断了。 （自己的经历）
“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： (1) The murderer was brught in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式） (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件） (3) With the matter settled, we all went hme. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因） (4) She std in frnt f him, with her eyes fixed n his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5) He std fr an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .A Having given B T give C Giving D Given 2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is ne f the mst famus universities in the United States .A Being funded B It was funded C Funded D Funding 3 Unless __t speak ,yu shuld remain silent at the cnference .A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited
4 ___,but he still culdn’t understand it .A He had been tld many times B Having been tld many timesC Tld many times D Althugh he had been tld many times 5 When first ___t the market , these prducts enjyed great success .A intrducing B intrduced C intrduce D being intrduced
6 There seemed t be nthing ___t d but ___fr the dctr .A leave / send B left / t send C left / send D leaving / send 7____everywhere , the wlves had n where ___themselves .A Hunting / hiding B T hunt / t hide C Hunted / hiding D Hunted / t hide
作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 d时，不定式通常省去t
8 . The ___ mrning, the father came int the lnely huse, ___ by his naughty by.
fllwing, fllwing B. fllwed, fllwedC. fllwing, fllwed D. fllwed, fllwing
9. Mrs. White was glad t see the nurse ___ after her sn and was pleased t see the by well ___ care f in the nursery.
lked; taken B. lking; takenC. lked; tk D. lking; taking
10. The murderer was brught in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
being tied B. having tiedC. t be tied D. tied
11. ___ mre attentin, the trees culd have grwn better.
Given B. T giveC. Giving D. Having given
1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include wmen until 1912. 　A. first playing B. t be first played C. first played D. t be playing
简析: 首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语;再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受,且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此,该题应选C。
2. What’s the language ___ in Germany? A. speaking B. spken C. be spken D. t speak 简析: 该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spken。
3. Mst f the artists ____ t the party were frm Suth Africa. A. invited B. t invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析: 该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句wh were invited。
4. The cmputer centre, ___ last year, is very ppular amng the students in this schl. A. pen B. pening C. having pened D. pened 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句“which was pened last year”代替。
5. The first textbks ____ fr teaching English as a freign language came ut in the 16th century. A. having written B. t be written C. being written D. written 简析: 该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句which were written。
例: The murderer was brught in, with his hands ___ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. t be tied D. tied 简析: 很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands,而不是句子的主语 The murderer,而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。
_____many times, he still can’t understant it. A.Having been tld B Having tld C.Tld D.Telling
Linda wrked fr the Minnesta Manufacturing and Mining Cmpany, ______ as 3M. A. knwing B. knwn C. being knwn D. t be knwn
解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与knw之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studi, sunded fantastic at the party that night. A. recrded B. recrding C. t be recrded D. having recrded
解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与recrd之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。
3. Dn’t use wrds, expressins, r phrases _______ nly t peple with specific knwledge. A. being knwn B. having been knwn C. t be knwn D. knwn
解析：答案D。knw与wrds，expressins，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。
4. The flwers _______ sweet in the btanic garden attract the visitrs t the beauty f nature. A. t smell B. smelling C. smelt D. t be smelt
解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flwers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。
1.Did yu attend the meeting ___yesterday?t be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldD yu knw the name f the play___ in the hall nw?t be put n B. being put n C. put n D. putting n I brrwed a bk ____ by Mark Twain frm the library last week. I like it very much.written B. writing C. was written D. t write4.Please dn’t frget him. He is ne f ___.thse invited B. invited thse C. thse inviting D. inviting thse
3. The teacher walked t lab, _____. A. fllwed by his students B. his students fllwed C. and fllwed by his students D. bth A and B
4. When _______ int the warm rm, ice sn changes int water. A. heating and taking B. heated, and taking C. heating r taken D. heated r taken
5. The research is s designed that nce _____ nthing can be dne t change it.     A. begins B. having begun     C. beginning D. begun
6. Mr. Smith, _______ f the ________ speech, started t read a nvel. (03’北京春) A. tired; bring B. tiring; bred C. tired; bred D. tiring; bring
9. _______ such heavy pllutin already, it may nw be t late t clean up the river. (01’全国夏) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. T suffer D. Suffered
10. Befre ____, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used t D. using 11. Prices f daily gds ________ thrugh a cmputer can be lwer than stre prices. (02’京皖春) A. are bught B. bught C. been bught D. buying
12.The Emperr's New Clthes, is an ________ text. All f us are ________ in it.  A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited 
13. She asked if there is anything___ fr tnight.  A. t plan  B. planned  C. that plans  D. planning 
15. ____ these pictures, I culdn’t help thinking f thse days when I was in Beijing and ____ frm the tp f a thirty-stred building, Beijing lks mre magnificent. A. Seeing; seen B. Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen
16. ___ better attentin, the vegetables culd have grwn better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ___ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; giving
17. Unless __ t speak, yu shuld remain silent at the cnference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited18. When __, the museum will be pen t the public next year. A. cmpleted B. cmpleting C. being cmpleted D. t be cmpleted
20. I fund a car ______ in a pl by the side f the rad. A. t be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
现在分词: 表示动作是主动的和正在进行过去分词: 表示动作是被动的和完成
分词在句中可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。