中考阅读理解答题微技能课件

这是一份中考阅读理解答题微技能课件，共19页。PPT课件主要包含了标题归纳题，● Homework等内容，欢迎下载使用。
运用段落大意题解题技巧解题 ； 运用文章大意题解题技巧解题；运用文本标题解题技巧解题；
通过本节课的学习，学生将能够：
考查考生分析、概括、归纳的综合能力。 考查考生对段落大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。 题目类型常考查文章标题、中心思想、段落大意、主题句等等。
标题归纳题和主旨大意题：
例题分析1：2021丽水市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
段落大意常见的设问方式有：
1. The first paragraph is mainly abut_____.（作业本）2. What’s Paragraph 4 mainly abut?( 杭州2021)3. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us that_____is/are (嘉兴舟山2021)4. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut?(嘉兴2021)5. The secnd paragraph maily talks abut _______.(绍兴2021)6. What is the main idea f the first tw paragraghs?（作业本）7. The main idea f Paragraph 4 is that_______________.(丽水2021)8. Which f the fllwing can be the best tpic sentence f Paragraph 2?(温州2021)
3.The main idea f Paragraph 4 is that____________． A.cllecting things has a lt f funB.cleaning up a park isn't yur chiceC.the ld peple always need helpD.anything can becme a vlunteer jb.
方法点拨：1.仔细阅读题干，找到对应段落。2.寻找主题句。
Maybe cleaning up a park isn't yur chice, thugh. N prblem! Yu can turn anything that matters t yu int a vlunteer prject. D yu like playing chess, reading, r spending time with yur pet? Yu can vlunteer t d what yu lve t d. Fr example, yu culd help at an ld peple's center, simply by talking r playing games with them t make their days better, If yu're great at math r English, yu culd vlunteer t be a hmewrk helper at yur schl. Yu're always needed t walk dgs r play with cats. Or yu can cllect things fr hpeless peple, such as sap and tthbrushes.
主题句特点：（1）结构简单，概括性强。　　（2）位置（一般段前或者段后）（3）段落中的其他句子起到解释支撑主题句的作用
习题训练1：2022复习导引阅读理解四篇（见学习单）
In Octber 2002, Winstn Churchill was chsen by the British peple as “the greatest British man”. The great British men behind him were Shakespeare, Newtn, and Darwin. But many peple did nt knw that Churchill was thught t be a bad by when he was a child. At the age f seven, Winstn Churchill was sent t a barding schl named St. Gerge. The schl rules were strict. He ften gt serius punishment. Churchill cried ludly and kicked wildly when he was beaten. At the end f the term, he returned hme with a reprt card and pains all ver his bdy. The reprt card said that he was “naughty”. At the age f twelve, his father sent him t Harrw Public Schl, which was famus fr training English gentlemen. Because he failed the entrance exam, he was placed in the last grup f the class with wrst grades. He fell behind the thers in study. He gave many peple the impressin f lw energy, strangeness, and lawlessness. Frtunately, he still had a friend, his grandfather. The American f great wealth wh had experienced the wrld said, “Let him g! As lng as bys have the chance t shw their talents, they are sure t becme better.” Churchill kept the wrds f his grandfather in mind, and secretly lked fr it in his heart. Many years later, Churchill was already a successful plitician and writer. He wrked as a reprter, as Secretary f the Navy, and as Prime Minister f the United Kingdm. He said, “My grandfather taught me that bys must chse their wn path. I dn’t have special talents and my success is by wrking hard.”
1. The secnd paragraph mainly tells us ________.A．Churchill lved his schlB．Churchill gt gd educatinC．Churchill gt less punishmentD．Churchill was cnsidered as a bad by
例题分析2：2021金华市中考阅读理解C篇（见学习单）
1. What is the passage mainly abut? A.Where animals live and hw they lk fr relatinship between animals and different things animals can d in different humans shuld d when cmmunicating with animals.
1. What's the main/ general idea f the passage？(作业本)2. What des the writer mainly want t tell us ? (导引2022)3. What's the article/passage mainly abut ？ (金华2021)4. This passage/ text/reading is mainly abut_____.(台州2021) 5. This passage mainly talks abut___________.（台州2020）6. The main idea f the passge is abut______________.(作业本)
文章主旨大意题常见的设问方式有：
①Animal behavir (行为) is an interesting and attractive study. Scientists research the ways animals use t lk fr fd. They study hw animals prtect themselves frm their predatrs(敌人), and which animals kill ther animals fr fd. All f this helps us understand hw useful animals can be. ②Each cunty r culture raises sme animals fr fd. In the United States, peple mainly eat meat frm cws, chickens and pigs. In ther cuntries, peple might raise sheep r buffal fr meat. These differences cme in part frm weather and ther envirnmental cnditins, Peple arund the wrld eat all kinds f fish and shellfish frm ceans and rivers. In sme cuntries, peple dn't always chse sme animal grups, such as dgs, fr fd while in ther cuntries such animals may becme peple's favrite fd. ③ In West Africa, animals prvide humans with mre than fd. They have been helping peple d daily wrk fr thusands f years. Hrses, xen, and ther wrk animals pull heavy things. Elephants; camels; and ther animals carry peple and things frm place t place. Carrier pigens (信鸽) have been used t send messages. ④Peple als receive health benefits (利益) frm animals. Fr example, dgs and cats can help calm peple dwn. This is helpful fr peple fighting illnesses. Animals can als reduce stress, helping peple t draw their attentin t learning new infrmatin, such as reading. When peple are walking their dgs r hrses, it encurages exercise. ⑤Animals and humans share space n Earth, s keeping a healthy relatinship with animals, arund us is in ur best interest.
方法点拨：1.分析文章结构。2.寻找每段主题句。(主题句位置)3.归纳文章主旨大意。4.对比分析选项关键词。
The first emperr f China, Qin Shihuang, cmpleted a huge number f prjects during his rule. Between 221 and 210 B. C. , he started the building f the Great Wall. The emperr als rdered the building f a huge army f life-sized terractta sldiers (士兵). These, he hped, wuld prtect his tmb after his death. Lst in TimeThe sldiers in Xi'an's terractta museum are tday light brwn, but they weren't always. They began as an army f red, blue, yellw, green, white, and purple. Sadly, mst f the clrs did nt last t the present day. After being expsed (暴露) t air during digging, the cating under the paint began t fall ff. The paint disappeared in less time than it takes t bil an egg, taking away with it imprtant pieces f histry. New TechnlgyNw new technlgy is starting t shw the army's true clrs. Archelgists (考古学家) have recently discvered an area with mre than a hundred sldiers. Many f these still have their painted features, including black hair, pink faces, and black r brwn eyes. Chinese and German researchers have develped a chemical liquid (液体) t help save the sldiers' clrs. After finding a sldier r anther art piece, archelgists put the liquid n it. They then cver it in plastic. Back t LifeArchelgists are als finding clrs in the dirt arund the sldiers. It's imprtant nt t d anything with the dirt, s the clrs wn't be lst. "We are treating the dirt as an art piece, "says Rng B, the museum's leading archelgist. The next challenge, says Rng B, is t find a way t use the clrs nt the army-again. Once that happens, artists can bring Emperr Qin's army back t its full, bright clrs.
1. What is the passage mainly abut? A.The death f Emperr Qin the terractta army was true clrs f the terractta the sldiers lived during Qin Dynasty.
习题训练2：2021湖州市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
方法点拨：1.分析文章结构。2.寻找每段主题句。3.归纳文章主旨大意。4.对比分析选项关键词。
If we want t grw as peple, we can't just depend n ur wn evaluatin（评价）f hw we're ding. We als need t knw what ther peple think abut ur perfrmance. Receiving feedback（反馈）frm thers can help us see the larger picture and shw us a way frward t success. Hwever, smene has t give that feedback, and smetimes, that smene will be yu. Hw shuld yu deal with this?First things first—if yu ntice a situatin in which sme feedback wuld be helpful, give it as sn as yu can. If yu wait until the matter disappears frm the persn's mind. they might nt understand what yu're trying t tell them. Take the persn t a safe, cmfrtable place and ffer yur advice in private. When yu're giving feedback, it's imprtant t keep in mind that n ne likes t be tld they're ding a bad jb. Make sure yu give an equal amunt f gd feedback t balance ut anything bad. Like the saying ges, "A spnful f sugar helps the medicine g dwn. All gd feedback shares smething in cmmn. First, it shuld help achieve a gal. It's less useful t tell yur friends that their dish tastes "interesting" than it is t suggest adding a little salt. Feedback shuld als lk tward the future. Yu can't change what's already happened, but yu can prevent it frm happening again. Tell yur friends they shuld take mre ntes in class instead f talking abut hw they shuld have studied harder fr the big histry exam they failed. Finally, dn't think yur suggestin is the nly crrect way t deal with a situatin. Yu might even end up with sme feedback n yur feedback. Dn't take it persnally--it can nly help yu give better advice next time
45. The passage is mainly abut____________.A. what characters gd feedback includes B. hw peple shuld give feedback prperlyC. the differences between gd and bad feedback D. the imprtance f giving and receiving feedback
习题训练3：2021台州市中考阅读理解D篇（见学习单）
习题训练4：2020杭州卷阅读B（见学习单 ）
方法点拨：1.分析文章结构。2.寻找每段主题句。3.归纳文章主旨大意。4.分析选项关键词。
Traffic lights are red, yellw and green． They are very imprtant signals（信号）． Traffic lights are usually placed at busy street crners t help cntrl traffic． Smetimes， they are n streets near schls and shps，t． Mst yung children are taught what each f the clred lights means， s everybdy can stay safe． The first traffic signals were used fr trains． The signals were put alngside railway tracks（轨道）．The clr red was used t mean "stp" because it warned peple f danger． A red light was als the easiest clr t see frm a distance． Train drivers culd see the red "stp" light ahead and had enugh time t slw dwn and stp their trains． A green light was used t mean "take care" and a white light meant "g"． Hwever， there were many dangerus accidents n the train tracks． Sme train drivers thught a star shining in the night sky was a white light that meant"g"． S the signals were swapped． The "g" light was changed t green and the "take care" light was changed t white． During these times， peple travelled by train r in carts pulled by hrses．Years later，when cars were built， peple began t drive them because they culd travel much faster than hrses． Hwever， the rad rules fr drivers were nt very clear and many peple were hurt crssing the rads．Yellw warning signs had t be placed beside the rads t remind drivers t take care and allw peple t crss safely． Tday， twns and cities all ver the wrld have traffic lights． Red and green lights match the signals used n the railways． Yellw lights are easy t see， s they are used t warn drivers that they shuld slw dwn and prepare t stp．
4. What is the passage mainly abut？　 　A． The advantages f traffic lights．B． The histry f traffic lights．C． The imprtance f traffic lights．D． The meanings f traffic lights．
30. The passage mainly talks abut ________.A. why ther cuntries are helping the Pacific Islanders fight climate changeB. hw sme cuntries are wrking hard t develp carbn-free technlgiesC. hw Pacific Island cuntries are wrking tgether t fight shipping pllutinD. why Pacific Island cuntries put ut s much f the wrld's carbn emissins
Living n an island might sund wnderful. But what it yu left fr a trip and fund yu culd never return? What if yur hme, and even the land it std n, was gne frever? Fr peple living in the Pacific Islands, this is really pssible. Why? Climate（气候)change. Climate change is causing the sea t rise. That’s bad news fr the Pacific Islands. Yung peple n the islands are even starting t wnder: Will they be the last generatin(一代人)? Nt if the islanders have anything t d abut it. These peple are deeply cnnected t their hmelands. The Pacific Islands are made up f 1l different cuntries: the Marshall Islands, Fuji, Sama, and thers. But nw, thse cuntries are wrking tgether. They're jining frces t fight climate change. Why is climate change such a huge threat t this part f the wrld? Islands are lw elevatins(海拔). S they are amng the first places influenced by rising sea levels. That's why cuntries f the Pacific Islands are wrking tgether t d their part. But these are small cuntries. When it cmes t climate changecan they make a big difference? They can, because mst f the things that peple n islands buy are brught by ships. This is very harmful t the envirnment. After all, ships put ut almst 3 percent f the wrld's carbn emissins (碳排放), That makes climate change wrse. Pacific Islanders realize the prblem. S, in 2019, six cuntries gt tgether: Fuji, the Marshall islands, Sama, Vanuatu, the Slmn Islands and Tuvalu, They came up with a plan. They agreed t cut carbn emissins frm shipping by 40 percent by 2030. And by 2050, they expect zer-carbn shipping. Hw will they pull this ff? They plan t use sme really t use sme really cl carbn-free technlgies. They'll make use f slar and wind energy. Sea levels are rising, but hpes aren't sinking in the Pacific Islands.
习题训练5：2020台州市中考阅读理解D篇（见学习单）
标题归纳题常见的设问方式有：
1. The best title f the passage might be “___________”.（丽水2021）2. The best title fr the passage can be ___________.(绍兴诸暨市2021)3. The best title fr the passage can prbably be _________.(台州2021)4. What's the best title f/fr the passage?(绍兴2021)5. What may be the best title f this passage?(杭州2021)6. Which is the best title fr the passage?(湖州2021)7. Which f the fllwing might/wuld/can be the best title fr the passage/test?(温州2020)(金华2021)
标题归纳题特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当。
Fr as lng as we can remember, ne f the mst ppular ways parents use t punish their children has been the "time ut". It seems that it is a gd idea: the child sits n his wn t reflect (反思) n what he has dne. Then, when the time is up, he will aplgize and learn frm the mistake. Hwever, just because it's smething that's been dne fr years, that desn't mean it is the right thing t d. In fact, very ften, children dn't sit nicely and think abut what they've dne. Instead, they need t be tld a few (r many) times t g back t their places and stay quiet. They're nt reflecting n why they are in the "time ut" at all. Mre likely than nt, they're prbably just really angry, and 's' are the parents. In the end, bth the parents and the children make each ther unhappy, r even angry. What can parents d t change this situatin? Yu may have already heard f things like peaceful parenting (育儿) and gentle parenting. These fcus n the relatinship between parent and child thrugh building trust and lve. S, instead f starting a "time ut", try smething called "time in". A "time in" needs bth parent and child t stay clse until bth get calm. After that, the parent, and child can discuss what happened and slve the prblem tgether. If the child can make changes, everyne can then mve n. As we all knw, punishment and vilence (暴力) seldm wrk and will never teach the children what the right way t act is. A "time in" can be the great time fr the children t learn thrugh mistakes, Kids learn hw t build their emtinal and scial skills thrugh difficult situatins. S, instead f punishing them fr acting their age, we can use chances t teach and guide them t a place f learning. A "time in" may take mre time, but it des wrk.
4. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage? A.Why nt “time in”?B.Learn frm mistakesC."Time ut" r "time in"?D.N vilence at hme!
例题分析3：2021金华市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
方法点拨：1. 寻找每段主题句2. 理清主题句关系3. 归纳中心思想4. 注意核心词汇和信息 (反复出现)。5.提炼文章标题。
习题训练5：2020温州市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
32. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?A. Balalaika: The "Russian Guitar" fr the PrB. Russia: The Hme f Famus Balalaika MusiciansC. Balalaika: A Traditinal Russian Musical InstrumentD. Russia: The Internatinal Hand-made Balalaika Factry
The balalaika, als called the "Russian guitar", is a traditinal Russian musical instrument. It has a lng neck, a wden triangle-shaped bdy and strings. It is usually used t play Russian music by plucking the strings with fingers r a pick. Russians like the balalaika. The music played with it can be cheerful, as if the farmers were dancing happily t celebrate their harvest. It can als be energetic, as if the wrkers were wrking hard t make their cuntry richer and strnger. If a Russian mves t live r wrk abrad, he will prbably take a balalaika with him. When he feels lnely and sad, he will play it t cheer himself up. The balalaika was riginally played by the pr in Russia. At that time, balalaikas were made by the players themselves. They were rugh, simple and cheap with different numbers f strings, frm tw t even six. Later a Russian musician Vasily Vasil'yevich Andreev (1861-1918) imprved the balalaka. He created a whle family f balalaikas f different sizes, all with three strings. The smallest balalaika is called Prima. It is 60-70cm lng. The biggest, Cntrabass, is almst 2metres high with a leg t sit n the flr. Andreev funded the first balalaika rchestra in the wrld, mainly using balalaikas t perfrm. He gave cncerts at the Universal Expsitin in Paris in 1889, which was a great success. Tday, there are blalaika grups perfrming arund the wrld. Mre and mre peple get t knw the balalaika and are attracted by its Russian style music.
It's been 100 years since the actr and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin prduced the film The Kid, which many cnsider t be his greatest ne.Like all films at the time, The Kid was made in black and white and was silent(made withut any sund, nt even the characters talking). The stry is abut the relatinship between" the Tramp", played by Chaplin, and his adpted (领养的) child, played by Jackie Cgan. The pair develp a partnership where the six-year-ld by breaks windws and runs away, s that Chaplin's character can ffer his services as a windw fixer.Althugh the film is a cmedy, it als has sme tragedy, reflecting Chaplin's wn life. He started testing actrs fr the rle f The Kid just a few days after his baby sn had died. Chaplin was knwn fr being hard t please, and it is said that if he culd, he wuld have played every rle in every ne f his films. When Chaplin visited a theatre, a dancer brught his sn, Jackie Cgan, n stage, and Chaplin knew he had his c-star（联袂主演者）. Chaplin later wrte, "All children in sme frm have talents; the trick is t bring it ut in them. With Jackie it was easy. "Like the Kid in the film, Chaplin and his brther Sydney grew up very pr. They lived in Lndn and were raised by their mther, When Chaplin was 10 years ld, his mum became t ill t lk after her sns, s they had t take care f themselves. He later wrte that the film sets in The Kid were based (基于) n the places where he and Sydney had lived with their mther as children. "Perhaps that's why the film had sme truth, "he said.
4.What's the best title fr the passage? A.A film abut a dancerB.A family in Lndn C.A place r film-making D.A life n film
习题训练6：2021绍兴市中考阅读理解B篇（见学习单）
段落大意题: 1.仔细阅读题干，找到对应段落。 2.寻找主题句。文章大意题: 1.分析文章结构。 2.寻找每段主题句。 3.归纳文章主旨大意。4.分析选项关键词。标题归纳题:1. 寻找每段主题句 2. 理清主题句关系 3. 归纳中心思想 4. 注意核心词汇和信息(反复出现) 5.提炼文章标题。
1.整理阅读理解标题归纳题和主旨大意题的答题要点； 2.运用这节课所学的“阅读理解标题归纳题和主旨大意题微技能” 完成《复习导引》 P129（十），P131（十二）P132-133（十三）P141-142（十九）。