人教版高考英语一轮总复习必修第2册 UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS课时学案

续表

1. surround vt. 围绕；包围

(1)surround sb./sth. with/by ...使某人/某物被……包围

(2)surrounding adj. 周围的

(3)surroundings n. 环境 (通常用复数形式)

[词块]

be surrounded by family and friends有家人和朋友陪伴在身边

the surrounding scenery 四周的风景

单句语法填空

①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)When he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

②(2019·江苏卷)Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded (surround) by his family.

③(2018·天津卷)Now we live in a world surrounded (surround) by the “can't do” attitudes.

④(2018·天津卷)Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings (surround) during the journey?

句式升级

(普通表达)The tall building in the distance is home to my father's company. The tall building is surrounded by a great many big trees.

⑤(高级表达)The tall building surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_trees_in_ the_distance is home to my father's company.(分词作定语)

⑥(高级表达)The tall building which_is_surrounded_by_a_great_many_big_ trees_in_the_distance is home to my father's company.(定语从句)

2. charge vt. 收费；控告；充电 n. 收费；主管；指控；控告；指责；批评

(1)charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人

(2)charge sb. for sth. 向某人索取……的费用

(3)free of charge/for free 免费

in charge (of)主管；负责；照顾

in the charge of/in one's charge由某人负责；由某人管理

take charge of掌管；负责；看管

[词块]

the person in charge负责人

service charge服务费

criminal charges刑事指控

单句语法填空

①(江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to_charge (charge)．

②(江苏卷)Far from charging (charge) consumers high prices, many of these services are free.

③—I wonder how much you charge for your services.

—The first two are free while the third costs $30.

④The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.

⑤Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten­mile limit.

一句多译

他不能掌管这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。

⑥The programme can't be in_his_charge because it is beyond his ability.

⑦He can't be in_charge_of the programme because it is beyond his ability.

3. amount n. 金额；数量

(1)a small/large amount of＋不可数名词＋单数动词 少/大量的……

amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数动词 大量的……

(2)amount to 合计；共有

[词块]

a large amount of information大量的信息

单句语法填空

①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.

②It's reported that a large amount of money was_spent (spend) on the bridge.

③It's reported that large amounts of money were_spent (spend) on the bridge.

完成句子

据说一大笔资金投入到了这个分公司。

④It's_said_that_a_large_amount_of_capital is invested in the branch.

4. approach vi. 接近；靠近；走近vt. 接近；接洽；对付；着手处理 n. 接近；方法；途径

(1)the approach of ……的来临

an approach to ... 做某事的方法；通向某地的路

at the approach of在快到……的时候

(2)approach to/towards ... 接近……，靠近……

approach作名词时，后面常跟介词to，表示“……的方法”，而way, method, means表示“方法”时后常跟介词of。

[词块]

the approach of autumn秋天的来临

a new approach to the railway station去火车站的一条新路

单句语法填空

①(2020·浙江卷)I couldn't see Don, but as I approached (approach) the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently unhurt, and dashed back to me.

②(上海卷)Approaching (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.

③(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.

④At the approach of the 2022 university entrance examination, most of us stay up late to study.

词汇升级/句式升级

(普通表达) As the time for graduation is coming, we are busy with our papers.

⑤(高级表达)As the time for graduation is approaching/drawing_near/around_ the_corner,we are busy with our papers.

⑥(高级表达)With_the_time_for_graduation_approaching,we are busy with our papers.(with复合结构)

5. belong to属于；归属；为……的一员

(1)belong to不用于进行时态也没有被动形式。类似用法的还有take place, occur, happen等。

(2)belong vi. 应在(某处)；适应

(3)belonging n. 归属

(4)belongings n. 所有物；财产

[词块]

a sense of belonging归属感

personal belongings个人财物

单句语法填空

①(2019·浙江卷)The students feel that they belong to a particular group.

②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings (belong)?

③—Have you seen a dictionary belonging (belong) to our school library?

—Yes, it is over there and Mary is using it.

一句多译

众所周知，中国是属于第三世界的国家。

④It is well­known that China is a country which_belongs_to the Third World.(定语从句)

⑤It is well­known that China is a country belonging_to the Third World.(分词作定语)

6. have sth. done

(教材原文)They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system.

他们在英格兰各地修建了城堡，并对法律制度进行了修改。

(1)“have＋sth. (宾语)＋过去分词(宾语补足语)”表示三种意义。一是“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”；二是表示主语遭受的损失；三是完成或解决某事(主语可参与)，宾语后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。

(2)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

(3)have sb./sth. doing 让某人一直在做某事/让某事一直发生

(4)have sth. to do有某事要做(不定式作定语)

[金句] (2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一个新的护照，所以我不得不去照张照片。

单句语法填空

①I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and have my false teeth fixed (fix)．

②(北京卷)I won't have you making (make)the same mistake again and again.

③When his mother had him do his homework, he decided to have his light burning (burn) all night to pretend he was working hard.

④(山东卷)I have a lot of readings to_complete(complete) before the end of this term.

句式升级

(普通表达)You should take the chance to deepen your knowledge of traditional Chinese culture.

⑤(高级表达)You should take the chance to have_your_knowledge_of_ traditional_Chinese_culture_deepened.(have＋宾语＋宾补)

用所给词的正确形式填空

1. At the meeting they discussed three different approaches (approach) to the study of mathematics.

2. Entering the room，I found Jack surrounding(surround) himself with piles of books.

3. It's said that amounts of water in this area were(be) polluted and some specialists were sent there to solve the problem.

4. Charged (charge) with acting dishonestly in her business, she was in low spirits.

5. There is no doubt that these cultural relics belonging (belong) to the state should be returned.

在空白处填入一个适当的词

1. Paper­cutting has a history of over 1,500 years, which belongs to traditional art in China.

2. Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager for knowledge and experience.

3. When the teacher announced the news to the students, they all burst into cheers.

4. It is thought that girls should be trained to defend themselves against some attacks.

5. My uncle is so generous with his money that he is popular with his friends.

查缺补漏

1. Claire had her luggage checked (check) an hour before her plane left.

2. It was freezing cold and we all crowded (crowd) around the stove to keep warm.

3. It is important to_remember (remember) that success is a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes years to achieve.

4. It's believed that it is difficult to break away from the habit of smoking.

5. Actors have to learn their cues as well as their own lines.

【教师用书独具】

单元话题语篇练

(2020·河北宣化模拟)Silk is mainly produced in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. The people 1. living (live) in the region were the inventors of silk fabric, and no other culture discovered this process independently. The history of silk making 2. began (begin) 6,000 years ago, and the earliest example of silk fabric 3. that has been discovered dates from 3630 BC in Henan. Silk cloth producing process was well advanced during the Shang Dynasty (about 1600  — 1046 BC) era.

China produces about 150,000 tons 4. annually (annual). This is much more than the rest of the world. Only India has a comparably large industry that produces about 30,000 tons.

It is thought that silk 5. was_exported (export) along the Silk Road routes about 400 BC ago. But after that, the 6. various/varied (variety) kingdoms kept secret the methods of silk 7. production (produce) for another thousand years. It might have been one of the most energetically guarded secrets in history. Anyone 8. found (find) secretly carrying silkworm eggs, or mulberry (桑树) seeds was put to 9. death (die)．

Silk garments were worn by emperors and royalty. It was a symbol of status, 10. so common people were prohibited from wearing silk. Silk was also used for a number of other applications including luxury writing material.

单元话题写作练

1. 补全要点句(黑体部分请使用本单元所学词汇)

①很多人都渴望去参观大英博物馆，因为它可以被视为一场视觉盛宴。

Many people are_eager_to visit the British Museum because it can be regarded as a feast of eyes.

②没有其他博物馆能够取代大英博物馆。

No other museums can take_the_place_of the British Museum.

③对于全世界游客来说它是一个极有吸引力的旅游景点。

It is a fascinating tourist attraction for tourists from all over the world.

④大英博物馆包括九个展厅，其中一个就是中国展厅。

The British Museum consists_of nine showrooms, one of which is the showroom of China.

⑤当你环顾这个展厅四周时，你可能会觉得困惑，英国居然拿走了那么多属于中国的珍贵的东西。

When you look around the showroom, you may feel_puzzled that Britain should have taken so many valuable things belonging_to China.

⑥游览大英博物馆，你必须确保把要参观的东西列一张单子。

When visiting the British Museum, you must ensure that you have made a list of the things which you want to see.

⑦只有用这种方式，你才能确保不遗漏那些引人注目的东西。

Only in this way can you make sure not to leave out anything striking.

2. 升级平淡句

(1)用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并1中句②和句③

No other museums can take the place of the British Museum, which is a fascinating tourist attraction for tourists from all over the world.

(2)用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句升级1中句⑤

When you look around the showroom, what may puzzle you is that Britain should have taken so many valuable things belonging to China.

3. 衔接成文

Many people are eager to visit the British Museum because it can be regarded as a feast of eyes. Besides, no other museums can take the place of the British Museum, which is a fascinating tourist attraction for tourists from all over the world. The British Museum consists of nine showrooms, one of which is the showroom of China. When you look around the showroom, what may puzzle you is that Britain should have taken so many valuable things belonging to China. What's more, when visiting the British Museum, you must ensure that you have made a list of the things which you want to see. Only in this way can you make sure not to leave out anything striking.