2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）必修第二册　Unit 4　History and Traditions

这是一份2022届高考英语一轮复习讲义学案（新教材人教版）必修第二册　Unit 4　History and Traditions，共14页。


教材词汇要记牢
Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认
1．mansin n．公馆；宅第
2．cemetery n．墓地；公墓
3．philsphy n．哲学
4．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
5．heel n．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟
6．currency n．通货；货币
7．military adj.军事的；军用的
8．cnquer vt.占领；征服；控制
9．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
10．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
11．butter n．黄油；奶油 vt.涂黄油于
12．hney n．蜂蜜
13．ancestr n．祖宗；祖先
14．curtyard n．庭院；院子
15．scent n．气味；气息
16．stew n．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) vt.& vi.炖；煨
17．sensry adj.感觉的；感官的
18．transitin n．过渡；转变；变迁
19．Wales威尔士(英国)
20．Sctland苏格兰(英国)
21．Nrthern北爱尔兰(英国)
22．Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗
23．Nrman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
24．Rman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民
25．Irish adj.爱尔兰的；爱尔兰人(或语)的
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1．Cnfucius n．孔子
2．individual adj.单独的；个别的n．个人
3．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
4．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的adv.在附近
5．legal adj.法律的；合法的
6．battle n．战役；搏斗vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
7．prt n．港口(城市)
8．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
9．amunt n．金额；数量
10．apprach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
11．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
12．generus adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
13．psitin n．位置；姿态；职位
14．snack n．点心；小吃
15．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
16．cunty n．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县
17．feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
18．rll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚
19．dt n．点；小(圆)点 vt.加点；遍布
20．cattle n．牛
21．rar vi.& n．吼叫；咆哮
22．cean n．大海；海洋
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．pub n．酒吧；酒馆
25．wine n．葡萄酒；果酒
26．beer n．(一杯)啤酒
27．custm n．风俗；习俗；习惯
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
2．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
3．legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.不合法的
4．surrund vt.围绕；包围→surrunding adj.周围的→surrundings n．周围的环境
5．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
6．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
7．lcatin n．地方；地点；位置→lcate vt.位于；找……的位置
8．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷，迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
9．annunce vt.宣布；通知；声称→annuncement n．宣布；通知→annuncer n．广播员；解说员
10．pet n．诗人→pem n．诗歌→petry n．诗歌(总称)
11．striking adj.引人注目的；显著的→strike vt.打击；攻击；打动 n．罢工
12．crwd n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使……拥挤→crwded adj.拥挤的
Ⅳ.核心短语
1．把……和……连接或联结起来
2．break away (frm sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
3．belng t属于
4．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
5．keep yur eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
高频词汇来助力
1．carpenter n．木匠
2．casual adj.随意的；不定期的
3．cautius adj.谨慎的；小心的
4．ceremny n．仪式；典礼
5．certificate n．证明；证明书
6．challenging adj.具有挑战性的
7．changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
8．characteristic adj.典型的；特有的 n．特征；特点
经典句式需悟通
1．They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
2．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.
他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
3．Its beautiful cuntryside excites and inspires all，ffering smething fr each f the senses.
它美丽的乡村给人以激情和灵感，满足各种感官享受。
4．The peaceful landscape f the “Emerald Isle” and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
5．With all this beauty，it is nt surprising that Ireland has develped strng traditins that include music，dancing，and dining.
乡村景色如此优美，在爱尔兰形成这些浓郁的包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮方面的传统就一点也不让人觉得奇怪了。
Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共10分)
1．mansin n．公馆；宅第
2．descendant n．后裔；后代；子孙
3．military adj.军事的；军用的
4．gallery n．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊
5．landscape n．(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景
6．butter n．黄油；奶油
7．ancestr n．祖宗；祖先
8．scent n．气味；气息
9．transitin n．过渡；转变；变迁
10．Nrman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的
Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题1分，共14分)
11．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人
12．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长
13．nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近
14．battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗
15．charge n．收费；指控；主管 vt.收费；控告；充电
16．amunt n．金额；数量
17．apprach n．方法；途径；接近 vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
18．ensure vt.保证；确保；担保
19．generus adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
20．psitin n．位置；姿态；职位
21．snack n．点心；小吃
22．eager adj.热切的；渴望的
23．greet vt.问候；迎接
24．custm n．风俗；习俗；习惯
Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共16分)
25．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→puzzling adj.令人困惑的→puzzled adj.感到困惑的
26．defence n．防御；保卫→defend v．防御；保卫→defensive adj.防御的；保护的
27．surrund vt.围绕；包围→surrunding adj.周围的→surrundings n．周围的环境
28．evidence n．证据；证明→evident adj.明显的
29．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到；实现
30．lcatin n．地方；地点；位置→lcate vt.位于；找……的位置
31．fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的→fascinate v．使……入迷；迷住→fascinated adj.着迷的
32．pet n．诗人→pem n．诗歌→petry n．诗歌(总称)
Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)
33．casual adj.随意的；不定期的
34．ceremny n．仪式；典礼
35．certificate n．证明；证明书
36．changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的
37．characteristic n．特征；特点
Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共10分)
38．把……和……连接或联结起来
39．break away (frm sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
40．belng t属于
41．as well as同(一样也)；和；还
42．keep yur eyes pen (fr)留心；留意
Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共16分)
1．The pwer f the individual(个人) is limited while the pwer f the masses is limitless.
2．He then tk the wallet t a nearby(附近的) plice statin after leaving a nte behind t let the wner knw it was safe.
3．The film festival shuld be a real feast(盛宴) fr film fans.
4．He decided t quit the psitin after quarreling with the manager.
5．The man is battling(战斗) against the destructin f cultural relics.
6．She herself lived a simple r rather pr life，but she was s generus t the peple in need f help.
7．Sme f us were eager t take part in the class activities；thers were nervus and anxius.
8．A waiter is greeting(迎接) the guests at the dr f the pub.
Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共14分)
9．Many peple were puzzled at these puzzling puzzles.(puzzle)
10．We must take sme defensive measures t defend ur cuntry against invasin.(defence)
11．Surrunded by trees and flwers，the surrundings f the cttage are quite beautiful.(surrund)
12.The annuncer annunced the result sftly，but the annuncement made me shcked.(annunce)
13．It was evident that the by was fascinated by her fascinating vice.(fascinate)
14．I lve petry，especially the pems written by the mst famus pet—Li Bai.(pet)
15．The meeting rm is quite crwded with crwds crwding in it.(crwd)
Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题2分，共10分)
16．医生们尽最大努力救治那些在地震中受伤的人。
Dctrs tried their best t save peple injured in the earthquake.
17．当他到达停车场的时候，他发现他的车被偷了。
When he arrived at the parking lt，he fund his car stlen.
18．看到如此可爱的狗被杀死，他的心都碎了。
Seeing s cute a dg killed，he was heartbrken.
19．所有的作业都做完了，他出去玩了。
With all his hmewrk finished，he went ut t play.
20．你昨天晚上睡得那么晚，今天发困不足为奇。
Yu stayed up s late last night；it is nt surprising that yu feel sleepy tday.
Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元Reading and Thinking部分
The UK，which is als referred 1.t as Britain r Great Britain，is a 2.fascinating(fascinate) cuntry with a lng histry.It is made up f fur cuntries—England，Sctland，Wales and Nrthern Ireland.The fur cuntries wrk tgether in sme areas,3.but they als have sme 4.differences(different)，such as different legal systems and natinal days.The UK was nce taken ver by fur grups f peple，wh had 5.a great influence n the culture f this cuntry in many ways.Fr example，the Rmans,6.wh came in the first century，built many twns and rads all ver the cuntry.The Angl-Saxns 7.intrduced(intrduce) the beginnings f the English language.The Vikings left behind the names f many lcatins and the Nrmans had castles 8.built(build) all arund England.If yu have knwn the histry and gegraphy f this cuntry，yu will nt 9.be cnfused(cnfuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much 10.mre enjyable(enjyable)．
Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元Reading fr Writing部分
eq \x(feast，wine，landscape，rar，dt，greet，scent)
The peaceful 1.landscape f Ireland and its many green cunties is a true 2.feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills 3.dtted with sheep and cattle.Dwn by the sea，the 4.rar f the cean waves and the cries f the seabirds make up the music f the cast.On a quiet mrning in the muntains，yu can feel the sun n yur skin and breathe in the sweet 5.scent f fresh flwers while birds 6.greet the new day with their mrning sng.With all this beauty，it is nt surprising that Ireland has develped strng traditins that include music，dancing and dining.If yu want t have a chance t experience it，stp by a village pub and relax with a glass f 7.wine r a lcal beer.
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
surrund vt.包围；围绕
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)This cunty is surrunded by/with rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
(2)The surrunding(surrund) villages have been included int the grwing city.
(3)The buildings have been designed t blend in with their surrundings(surrund)．
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(4)绿树掩映，这个农场坐落于我们学校附近的山脚下。一条小河曲曲折折穿行其中。
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)
Surrunded by green trees，the farm is lcated at the ft f the hill near ur schl.There is a small river flwing thrugh the farm.
charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电
n．费用；指控；主管
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)We have enugh cnfidence t charge yu with abuse f pwer.
(2)The generus wner f the pub charged us nly a small amunt f mney fr wine and beer.
(3)The persn in charge f the gallery annunced that any individual mustn’t take pictures.
再提能力——完美写作·单句写作·背诵
(4)上周我们就市民们能否免费进入科技馆进行了激烈的辩论。(议论文)
Last week we had a heated debate abut whether citizens can access the Science Museum free f charge.
amunt n．数量
v．总计，共计；相当于，等于
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Large amunts f hney and butter were(be) used t make this kind f snack.
(2)A large amunt f mney was(be) spent n the cnstructin f the schl last year.
(3)Even wrse，the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up.
(4)Cnsumers spending n sprts-related prducts amunted t￡9.75 billin.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(5)为了保持健康，有规律地做适量的运动是必要的。(应用文之建议信)
In rder t keep healthy，it is necessary t take a prper amunt f exercise regularly.
apprach v．接近，靠近；接洽；着手处理
n．接近；方法；途径
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)China’s apprach t prtecting(prtect) its envirnment while feeding its citizens ffers useful lessns fr agriculture and fd plicymakers wrldwide.
(2)At the meeting，they discussed three different appraches(apprach) t the study f maths.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)随着高考的接近，很多学生变得越来越紧张。(用with复合结构)
With the cllege entrance examinatin appraching，many students are becming increasingly nervus.
eager adj.渴望的；热切的
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)As sn as we came t the new city，we fund urselves eager t have(have) a taste f lcal snacks and beer.
(2)The yung man was eager fr a car after he graduated frm cllege.
再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵
(3)当这个男孩被问及是否想要一个生日礼物的时候，他无法掩饰他的渴望，但他还是摇了摇头。(读后续写动作心理描写)
When asked whether he wanted a gift fr his birthday，the by culdn’t hide his eagerness.Hwever，he shk his head.
break away frm sb./sth. 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱
根据句意用break短语的正确形式填空
(1)The girl brke away frm her mther and ran away.
(2)Fred has given me n gd reasn fr wanting t break up ur marriage.
(3)T my disappintment，the car brke dwn n the way t their wedding.
(4)When I gt hme，I fund my huse brken int and sme mney stlen.
(5)He was charging his mbile phne when the fire brke ut.
belng t属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Having sld mst f his belngings(belng)，he almst had nthing left in the huse.
(2)In my pinin，yu’d better put the bk where it belngs.
(3)The wden huse belnging(belng) t me is being decrated nw.
再提能力——完美写作·句型转换·背诵
(4)A tiger is a large fierce animal which/that belngs t the cat family.
→A tiger is a large fierce animal belnging t the cat family.
as well as 同一样也；和；还
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)Yur wife as well as yu is friendly t me，fr which I am very grateful.
(2)As well as eating(eat) five-curse meals，they drank seven bttles f wine.
再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵
(3)不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
①His children as well as his wife were invited t the party.(as well as)
②Nt nly his wife but als his children were invited t the party.(nt als...)
with复合结构
The peaceful landscape f the “Emerald Isle” and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石爱尔兰岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
先练基础——单句语法填空
(1)With time ging(g) by，I can distinguish between gd and evil.
(2)With all the data analysed(analyse)，I can make scientific inferences easily nw.
(3)With t much wrk t d(d)，I suffer frm anxiety and can’t sleep well at night.
(4)With tears f jy in her eyes，she witnessed her daughter’s wedding.
再提能力——完美写作·句式升级·背诵
(5)(普通表达)Tm threw himself int his mther’s arms and tears f shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes.(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
①(高级表达)Tm threw himself int his mther’s arms，with tears f shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with复合结构改写)
②(高级表达)Tm threw himself int his mther’s arms，tears f shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用独立主格结构改写)
提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍
charge
eq \x(A.掌管 B.控告 C.收费 D.充电 E.进攻)
1．The yung man was charged with abusing drugs. B
2．My father tk charge f the cmpany 5 years ag. A
3．Have yu gt yur phne charged? It was pwer ff just nw. D
4．Luckily，the wlf didn’t charge again after I used wlf spray. E
5．The ld man charged me 10 dllars fr a bttle f hney. C
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
1．A prvince attempted t break away frm the cuntry，which accunted fr why the president was upset.
2．The identity card desn’t belng t me，thugh the picture lks particularly similar t me.
3．As well as telling(tell) interesting stries，the authr gave sme tips t prtect ur privacy.
4．Surrunded(surrund) by peple making fun f him，he felt nthing can be mre embarrassing.
5. Keep it in mind t charge(charge) the battery befre the machine stps functining.
6．The nly apprach t slving(slve) the prblem is discussing it at the cnference.
7．I am eager t keep(keep) myself updated with the latest news by surfing the Internet.
8．The supermarket was crwded with peple wh wanted t buy gds at a discunt.
9．It is annunced(annunce) that the blg psted by the trll cntains much false infrmatin.
10．Seeing the familiar pet made the girl excited(excite)．She still remembered the guidelines given(give) by him.
Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力
(参考词汇：新冠COVID-19；感染affect；传染的infectius；抗击battle against)
1．在2020年初，武汉的医生们发现很多人感染了一种传染性疾病。(过去分词短语作宾补)
At the beginning f 2020，dctrs in Wuhan fund many peple affected with an infectius disease.
2．当得知武汉需要援助时，许多医护人员冒着生命危险志愿前往。(状语从句的省略)
When knwing Wuhan was in need f help，many medical wrkers vlunteered t g there at the risk f their lives.
3．他们夜以继日地工作，竭尽全力救助感染了新冠的病人。(现在分词短语作状语)
They wrked day and night，making all effrts t save the patients infected with COVID-19.
4．由于采取了有效措施，武汉重新开始了呼吸。(with＋宾语＋宾补)
With effective measures taken，Wuhan began t breathe again.
5．每个人都尽自己的最大努力抗击疫情，所以中国恢复如此之快也就不足为奇了。(it is nt surprising that...)
Everyne tried his best t battle against the epidemic，s it was nt surprising that China recvered s sn.
请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：过去分词作定语和宾补)
eq \x(evidence，fascinating，charge，belng t，eager，greet，jin，generus，surrund)
When studying in the UK，I was n lnger puzzled abut when England gt Wales，Sctland and Ireland 1.jined t it r when the suthern part f Ireland brke away.The fur cuntries 2.belnging t the UK use the same currency and military defence，but they have different legal systems.I saw much 3.evidence that shwed the Great Britain was invaded by the Rmans，the Vikings as well as the Nrmans，wh left their s-called achievements and influenced the names f lcatins and vcabulary.There were many 4.fascinating places，s I had t keep my eyes pen.Later I traveled t Ireland where I fund myself fascinated by the landscape.It was a feast fr my eyes as if I were appraching a gallery in which I was 5.surrunded with beautiful pictures.Every day I was 6.greeted with the rlling muntains dtted with sheep and cattle，the rar f the cean and the scents f flwers.I ften had a sip f wine r beer in small pubs which 7.charged a small amunt f mney fr their service.Once I talked abut their custms with a crwd f Irish peple wh were interested in ur Cnfucius philsphy，and they were 8.generus and shared with me a snack cked with butter and hney.The jurney was s striking that I’m 9.eager t g there again.
练基础——单句语法填空
1．A study f travelers cnducted(cnduct) by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp destinatins in the wrld.
2．The adbe dwellings(土坯房) built(build) by the Puebl Indians f the American Suthwest are admired.
3．This is the first time that I have heard the pem spken(speak) in English.
4．I was wndering why they kept the dr lcked(lck) fr such a lng time.
提能力——微写作
根据汉语提示并运用以上语法用英语写一段话
《金刚川》(The Sacrifice)是一部由张译和吴京主演的电影。我已经看过好几次了。每次到影院去，我都会发现许多人感动到流泪。我希望看到更多基于历史的电影。
The Sacrifice is a film starred by Zhang Yi and Wu Jing.I have seen it several times.Every time I g t the cinema，I find many peple mved t tears.I hpe t see mre mvies based n histry.•用……包围……
be surrunded by/with被……包围
•surrunding adj.周围的；附近的
•surrundings n．环境
•charge sb.with (ding) sth.＝accuse sb.f (ding) sth.指控某人犯……罪
charge sb.mney fr sth.因某事/物收某人钱
•free f charge＝fr free免费
in charge f掌管(表状态)
in the charge f被……掌管；由……负责
take charge f掌管(表动作)
•the amunt f...……的数量
a large/small amunt f＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amunts f＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
•amunt t共计，总计；等于，相当于
•an apprach t (ding) sth.(做某事的)方法/途径；接近，靠近
at the apprach f在快到……的时候
•be appraching正在/将要接近
在……快到的时候
•apprach sth./sb.接近某物/某人
•be eager t d sth.渴望做某事
be eager fr sth.渴望得到某物
•eagerly adv.热切地；急切地
•eagerness n．热切；渴望
with eagerness热切地；急切地
hide ne’s eagerness掩饰某人的渴望
break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；关系等破裂
break dwn垮掉；出故障
break int破门而入
break in破门而入；打断；插话
break ut 战争、洪水、火灾等爆发
•belng vi.应在某处；适应，合得来
•a sense f belnging归属感
•belngings n.所有物；财产
注意：belng t 没有被动语态和进行时态，用作非谓语要使用ding形式。
•as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词，通常不位于句首。作“也，还”解，连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数与as well as前面的主语保持一致。
•用作介词时，as well as相当于besides，in additin t，意思为“除……之外”，后面通常接名词或动名词，尤其是位于句首时。
with复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其结构为：
•with＋宾语＋t d表示将来的动作
•with＋宾语＋ding表示主动或进行
•with＋宾语＋dne表示被动或完成
•with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.
技巧一点通
•动词的过去分词作定语，被修饰词与之构成被动关系，且有已完成的含义。
①单个的过去分词用作定语，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
②过去分词短语用作定语时，常置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁。
•过去分词作宾补，所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。过去分词作宾补的动词有两类：
①感官动词。如：see，watch，bserve，lk at，hear，listen t，feel，ntice等。
②使役动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。