外研版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价7必修第2册Unit 1 Food for thought含答案

课时质量评价(七)

必修第二册　Unit 1　Food for thought

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

While many countries are trying hard 1. ________ (deal) with increasing rates of childhood obesity (肥胖), Japan stands out. The country has both high scores for nutrition and very low obesity rates.

Where 2. ________ (do) the country's secret lie? Some say it's school lunches 3. ________ matter a lot. According to a UNICEF report, Japan tops the charts for childhood health indicators, with low rates of infant(婴儿) deaths and few underweight children. It also has the 4. ________ (low) rate of childhood obesity among the 36 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Certainly, there are various factors at work, including a health­conscious society and 5. ________ (regular) scheduled health check­ups.

6. ________， a nationwide school lunch programme actually plays a key role. In schools, the lunches are compulsory, which means that no packed lunches 7. ________ (allow). While they are not free for most, they are financially sponsored, making them affordable 8. ________ students.

Each meal is designed to have around 600 － 700 calories, 9. ________ (balance) between carbohydrates(碳水化合物), proteins and vegetables. A typical meal is rice with grilled fish and a leafy vegetable, 10. ________ is served with soup with pork, alongside milk and dried fruit.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。日本在经济合作与发展组织的36个成员国中，儿童肥胖率最低。文章介绍了日本儿童肥胖率低的原因。

1. to deal　考查非谓语动词。try to do sth.表示“努力做某事”。故填to deal。

2. does　考查动词的时态。此处为特殊疑问句，且句中lie为实义动词，故空处需填助动词。结合上下文可知，此处为一般现在时，且本句主语为secret，故助动词应用does。故填does。

3. that　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was ＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他”，本句中被强调部分为school lunches，故应用that。故填that。

4. lowest　考查形容词的最高级。句意：在经济合作与发展组织的36个成员国中，它的儿童肥胖率也是最低的。结合句意可知此处表示“最低的”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填lowest。

5. regularly　考查副词。修饰本空后的形容词scheduled应用其副词形式regularly，表示“定期地”。故填regularly。

6. However/Yet　考查副词。句意：然而，全国性的学校午餐计划实际上起到了关键作用。根据句意可知，此处上下文为转折关系，应用连接副词however/yet。句首字母要大写。故填However/Yet。

7. are allowed　考查动词的时态和语态。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且根据上文中的“means”可知，此处为一般现在时。主语为lunches，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are allowed。

8. for/to　考查介词。此处表示“对……；为了……”应用介词for或to。故填for/to。

9. balancing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，balance在句中作非谓语动词，主语each meal和动词balance在逻辑上为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填balancing。

10. which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a typical meal，且关系词在从句中作主语，指物，用which引导。故填which。

B

Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 1. ________ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners 2. ________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realise how cheap 3. ________ can be to eat out. I still remember 4. ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I 5. ________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.

While regularly eating out seems to 6. ________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 7. ________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even 8. ________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 9. ________ (weigh) problems.

If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum's home 10. ________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。作者介绍了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。

1. dishes　考查名词的单复数。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。

2. who/that　考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

3. it　考查it的用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out。其中不定式to eat out是真正的主语，it为形式主语。故填it。

4. visiting　考查非谓语动词。此处指记得拜访过一个在这里住了五年的朋友。表示“记得做过某事”用“remember doing sth.”，故填visiting。

5. was shocked　考查形容词。此处表示“我”感到很震惊。shock的主语是I，用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。

6. have become　考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，用现在完成时，seem to后用动词原形，故填have become。

7. affordable　考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词后用形容词作表语，此处表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。

8. higher　考查形容词的比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。

9. weight　考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。

10. for　考查固定搭配。表示去母亲家吃饭，for dinner表示“吃晚饭”，故填for。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 在警察到来前，我们最好让现场保持原样。(as)

We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.

2. 多么好的一部小说啊！我从来没有读过比这更感人的小说。(否定词＋比较级)

What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one.

3. 最令我们担忧的是母亲患有严重的心脏病。(suffer from)

What worried us most was that our mother suffered from bad heart disease．

4. 那个问题太复杂，我们无法解决。(too... to...)

The problem is too complicated for us to solve．

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

A

(2021·广东湛江调研)Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries (树莓) contain a little more protein, iron and zinc(not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids (类胡萝卜素) we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft­serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

1. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.

D. To improve their nutrition.

3. What is “a juicer” underlined in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert.  B. A drink.  C. A container.  D. A machine.

4. Which is the text probably taken from?

A. A biology textbook.

B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper.

D. A travel brochure.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文章介绍了人们热爱水果丰盛的七月，这个时候的各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰激凌。

1. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As for cherries, they are so delicious who cares？”可知，作者在乎的是它的美味。故选C。

2. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”可知，往香蕉上滴新鲜的柠檬汁是为了防止香蕉变成褐色，故新鲜的柠檬汁是被用来保持香蕉的颜色的。故选B。

3. D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below”可知，a juicer就是一台机器。故选D。

4. B　文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是盛产水果的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故本文最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。故选B。

B

We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food — and not too much of it — live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets — Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet — may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.

Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry (家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.

New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low­fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.

Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.

However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.

5. What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?

A. They contain abundant calories.

B. They tend to be expensive.

C. They share certain similarities.

D. They reflect popular tastes.

6. What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?

A. Going low in calories.

B. Eating to the fullest.

C. Having much seafood.

D. Picking many foods.

7. How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?

A. By building connections.

B. By exploring reasons.

C. By listing examples.

D. By analysing figures.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。

5. C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处。故选C。

6. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯。故选B。

7. C　写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

A star athlete stopped by my office and she was eaten up by self­criticism after committing a few errors during a weekend match. “I'm at peak   1   and I practise hard. How is this happening？” This student, like many I teach, believes she should be able to   2   the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.

I study and write about resilience (抗逆力), and I'm noticing a(n)   3   increase in students like this athlete. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fall short of what they imagine they should   4  . However, they are crushed by self­blame.

We often talk about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from   5  . But there is something else at play among the most advantaged in particular: a   6   promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.

Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mind­set” research, which has found that praising children for   7   will increase academic performance. Developed by Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck, mind­set education has spread across classrooms worldwide. But a 2018 analysis found that while praising hard work over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not   8   help everyone.

One possible explanation comes from Nina Kumar, who argued in a research paper last year that for teens in wealthy, pressure­cooker communities, “It is not a   9   of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem.   10  ， it is unhealthy perfectionism and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the fierce drive for achievements is over the top.” This can   11   physical and emotional stress. In a 2007 study, psychologist Gregory Miller determined that adolescent girls who refused to give up the    12   goals showed elevated levels of CRP, a protein that serves as a marker of systemic inflammation(炎症) linked to diabetes, heart disease and other medical conditions.

The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. This knowledge comes early to underrepresented minorities whose experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to   13   what is, for now, largely beyond their control to change. Yet for others, the belief that success is always within their grasp is a setup. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don't go their way，we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what   14   inspires them and that where they go to college matters more than the kind of person they are. We should be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of disappointing us when we least   15   it. It's often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.

1. A. coolness B. fitness C. goodness D. readiness

2. A. control B. change C. adjust D. celebrate

3. A. amusing B. inspiring C. troubling D. touching

4. A. apply B. approve C. appreciate D. accomplish

5. A. disbelief B. disagreement C. discovery D. discomfort

6. A. bright B. false C. general D. flexible

7. A. virtue B. ability C. effort D. status

8. A. originally B. obviously C. necessarily D. regularly

9. A. choice B. command C. display D. lack

10. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. However

11. A. result from B. apply for C. associate with D. lead to

12. A. immoral B. impersonal C. impossible D. impolite

13. A. challenge B. accept C. assess D. inquire

14. A. plainly B. probably C. immediately D. actually

15. A. exhibit B. expect C. establish D. recognise

【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章由一个明星运动员在比赛中犯错而自责不已的故事引出了这样一种现象——现在很多孩子秉承一种不健康的完美主义，认为付出努力就应该得到好的结果，这使他们对成就的追求超过了自己的极限，并很难在应该放弃的时候放手，从而导致身体和精神上的双重压力。我们需要提醒孩子生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。

1. B　空前说这个运动员是明星运动员，因此她应该是处于最佳的状态，故B项正确。

2. A　上文说这个明星运动员处于最佳的状态，她对自己在比赛中犯错自责不已，言外之意，她认为自己努力训练就应该会得到好的结果，因此她相信通过自己的努力训练，她能够控制生活的结果，故A项正确。

3. C　句意：我研究并撰写了关于抗逆力的文章，我注意到，像这位运动员这样的学生人数出现了令人不安的增长。故C项正确。

4. D　空前说当他们赢了的时候，他们会觉得自己很强大，很聪明，此处与之形成对比，说的是没有实现目标的时候，他们的心态，故D项正确。

5. D　句意：我们经常谈论年轻人在失败中挣扎，因为他们的父母保护他们免受不适。根据空前的“their parents have protected them from”可知D项正确。

6. B　根据上文提到的那个明星运动员的例子可知，认为凭借努力就能实现目标的想法是错误的，故B项正确。

7. C　上文说的那个明星运动员认为凭借努力就应该实现目标，因此此处指“表扬孩子的努力”，故C项正确。

8. C　句意：但2018年的一项分析发现，虽然赞扬努力学习胜过能力可能会使经济条件差的学生受益，但不一定对每个人都有帮助。故C项正确。

9. D　句意：一种可能的解释来自妮娜·库马尔，她在去年的一篇研究论文中指出，对于生活在富裕高压社区的青少年来说，最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力。根据空后的“of motivation and perseverance that is the big problem”可知D项正确。

10. A　空前说对于富裕社区的青少年来说最大的问题不是缺乏动力和毅力，此处指出真正的问题所在，用instead引出，故A项正确。

11. D　上文说最大的问题是不健康的完美主义，此处说的是它的危害，即会导致身体和精神上的双重压力，故D项正确。

12. C　上文说当对成就的强烈追求超过极限时，不健康的完美主义让人们很难在应该放弃的时候放手，这说明它让人拒绝放弃不可能实现的目标，故C项正确。

13. B　根据空前的“experience of discrimination (歧视) and inequality teaches them to”可知，他们遭受歧视和不平等的经历教会他们接受那些在很大程度上超出他们控制范围的改变，故B项正确。

14. D　根据空前的“we should all question a culture that has taught them that how they perform for others is more important than what”可知，我们都应该质疑这样一种文化——成功总是在他们的掌控之中，这种文化教会了他们在别人面前的表现如何实际上比真正激励他们的东西更重要，故D项正确。

15. B　句意：我们应该明智地提醒我们的孩子，生活总是在我们最不经意的时候让我们失望。根据空前的“life has a way of disappointing us when we least”可知B项正确。