2022年中考英语阅读理解突破-直接信息题练习(学生版)（无答案）

这是一份2022年中考英语阅读理解突破-直接信息题练习(学生版)（无答案），共11页。试卷主要包含了做事实细节题要用原文定位法，易错点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
  知识图谱  直接信息细节题  知识精讲一、细节是围绕主题展开的，是对中心主题的进一步表达。所谓的细节题，是指原文提到了某个事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节题主要考查考生是否能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。有些题是考查原文细节本事，有些是考查某些细节在文章的意义。细节题的形式多种多样，主要表现为以下几种：是非判断题、例证题，年代或数字、相关定义以及对某地细节详细内容的发问（什么、哪里、什么时候、谁、为什么、怎样、哪一个……）。常出现的考题形式有：1. Which of the following is/ isn’t true?2. Which of the following isn’t mentioned?3. The author gives the example in…paragraph in order to…4. What/ When/ Where/ Who/ Why/ Which/ How…?此外，有些考题中含有表唯一概念的字眼，如：the most…/ the only… 二、做事实细节题要用原文定位法1. 是非判断题。这类题的选项有两种形式：四项中有三对一错或三错一对。四项内容通常是对同一问题进行判断或对不同问题进行判断。不管什么形式、什么内容，通常都用原文定位法，把选项内容与原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排除解答。2. 例证题考查的是文章的逻辑结构。原文的结构通常采用“论点—例证”或“例证—论点”的形式。举例是为了说明一定的道理，在所举例子的前面或后面通常会出现一句总结说明性的文字，该句就是答案，但要注意还有的例子是为了例证文章主题，有的是为了例证段落主题，这两种在结构上很明显，选答案时当然是选择能概括文章主题或段落主题的选项。对选项内容要特别注意，命题者常把事例本身内容设置为选项，但它们不符合题干的要求，所以，选择时要首先排除它们。3. 关于对年代和数字的考查通常分两类：直接考查和计算考查。对前者，根据文中信息能很容易地确定答案；对后者，首先要弄清题干问的是什么，然后找到与它相关的年代和数字，对它们进一步分析、整合，最后，结合题干计算出正确答案。4. 对于最后一种常见题型，有两种考查形式：考查直接信息和对直接信息的理解。对直接信息的考查只需找到原文信息就能解决问题。后者则需对原文相关信息做正确理解，这个理解可能牵扯到对某一句话或某些句子的理解，考生在理解其意义时，一定要捕捉到关键性的词。对这类题要认真、周全地考虑方能选取正确答案。这种题的正确选项往往是原文意义的不同表现形式。干扰项常是以下几种情况：选项本身正确，但不符合题干要求；选项本身错误或原文根本没提到；选项中含有原文信息，但其中个别词描述得不准确，这种选项的干扰性最强，考生在答题时要十分注意。 三点剖析一、重点：根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确答案。 二、难点： 在读文章之前先读题，对要考查的细节做简要记录，这样，在读文章时才能快而准地锁定目前信息，以便节省时间和减少反复寻找细节的麻烦。对细节的考查通常涉及一些长难句，对此，不要惊慌，首先判断是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句还是复合句，若是简单句，先找句子的主谓宾，理解其主要意义，再加附属成分的意义。若是复合句，先判断从句，再分析各自的意义，最后联合整句意义。 三、易错点：事实细节题考考生对文中的某一特定的表层信息的把握，所以难度一般不会太大。纵观近五年高考，可以看出对事实细节方面的考查所占比例一直维持在50%左右，但考查难度稍有增加，表现在：1. 答案跨段落搜集；2. 题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致；3. 需将几个信息综合总结才能得出答案。 表格，图画细节信息筛选例题1、   If David wants to visit America, which number can he call?随练1、   阅读下列四篇短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中, 选出最佳选项。A(1)21．How much would Marilyn and Paul have to pay before moving into the advertised office?A．$900.B．$1,750.C．$1,800.D．$3,500.(2)22．What does the advertised office have that the current office doesn't?A．A kitchen.B．A bathroom.C．A parking area.D．A reception area.(3)23．When does Paul want to see the office?A．Monday.B．Tuesday.C．Wednesday.D．Thursday.随练2、  阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。AWelcome to Sun Bright Hotel, New YorkIntroductionThis hotel is perfect for student travelers on a low budget or travelers looking for an inexpensive, limited service hotel, and wanting to stay in New York City．·The sleeping rooms are small and equipped with a 13-inch TV with cable．Guests must walk up one flight of stairs to reach the rooms and the lobby(大厅)on the second floor．No bathroom in the rooms, and they are located in each floor and shared．·There is no restaurant in the hotel, but there are many Asian restaurants within a two-minute walk from the hotel．The hotel's location in Chinatown provides its guests with world-class eateries within blocks．It is also only blocks from great Italian restaurants in Little Italy, approximately a five-minute walk from the hotel．Located in Manhattan's Chinatown district, the hotel is a walking distance to many famous supermarkets on Canal Street, Little Italy, Tribeca, SoHo and the Financial District．Room and Accommodation·Connection for laptop·Air conditioning·Satellite television·Direct dial phone·Automatic wake-up callLocation and Contact Information·Address：140 Hester Street New York NY 1 00 1 3 United States·Hotline：400—830—2353·Email：hotels@fnetravel．com·Book your room here !(1)21．We can learn that the hotel is________．A．fashionableB．plainC．highD．grand(2)22．What service is provided in the hotel?A．Delicious breakfast．B．Free Wi-Fi．C．Automatic wake-up service．D．Fitness equipment．(3)23．We can infer that it is very convenient for guests in the hotel to________．A．see a filmB．attend a concertC．visit a zooD．go shopping随练3、  阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ACome See Harvard for YourselfSummer 2015 schedule    From August 10, 2015 to August 21, 2015, all admissions information sessions and tours will originate at Agassiz House, 5 James Street, Cambridge, MA．The schedule will feature information sessions each weekday at 10am and 2pm, followed by tours of the campus at 11am．and 3pm．During this particular period, we expect a high volume of visitors, potentially resulting in large information sessions and tour groups．Instead, you may prefer to choose a different point in the calendar, or opt to use one of our self-guided tour maps during your visit．Traditional points of interest such as Harvard Yard, Memorial Hall, the Fogg and Peabody Museums can be found easily on any of our campus maps．Information sessions and tours    Admissions officers, often with undergraduates, present information and answer questions about admission to the college, financial aid, academics, extracurricular activities and residential life at Harvard．Tours are led by current undergraduates and provide a perspective on daily life on campus．Admissions tours last approximately 75 minutes and focus on undergraduate life at Harvard．They are intended for students considering entrance to the College．For historical tours, visit the Harvard Information Center．Virtual tour of Harvard College    We know that many students will not be able to visit colleges before applying．As an alternative, we strongly recommend our virtual tour．Student guides lead you through the places in which they live and learn, including dorm rooms, classrooms, Widener Library, the freshman dining hall and more．(1)21．Which of the following is the best time for you to attend an admissions information session?A．10am, a Sunday in August．B．11am, a Saturday in AugustC．2pm, a Wednesday in August．D．3pm, a Friday in August．(2)22．Who are least likely to participate in the information sessions and tours?A．admissions officers．B．undergraduates．C．potential applicants．D．professors in Harvard．(3)23．What is an alternative for the students who can not visit Harvard before applying?A．information from a guidebook．B．an online tour of the campus．C．a letter from admissions office．D．communication with undergraduates． 文段细节细节筛选例题1、  Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave—and mighty (强大的) forces will come to your aid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?随练1、  阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中, 选出最佳选项。AI recently turned fifty, which is young for a tree, midlife for an elephant, and ancient for a sportsman. Fifty is a nice number for the states in the US or for a national speed limit but it is not a number that I was prepared to have hung on me. Fifty is supposed to be my father's age, but now I am stuck with this number and everything it means.A few days ago, a friend tried to cheer me up by saying, “Fifty is what forty used to be.” He had made an inspirational point. Am I over the hill? People keep telling me that the hill has been moved, and I keep telling them that the high-jump bar has dropped from the six feet I once easily cleared to the four feet that is impossible for me now.“You are not getting older, you are getting better.” says Dr. Joyce Brothers. This, however, is the kind of doctor who inspires a second opinion.And so，as I approach the day when I cannot even jump over the tennis net, I am moved to share some thoughts on aging with you. I am moved to show how aging feels to me physically and mentally. Getting older, of course, is obviously a better change than the one that brings you eulogies(悼词). In fact, a poet named Robert Browning considered it the best change of all: Grow old along with me! The best is yet to be.Whether or not Browning was right, most of my first fifty years have been golden ones, so I will settle for what is ahead being as good as what has gone by. I find myself moving toward what is ahead with a curious blend (混合) of both fighting and accepting my aging, hoping that the philosopher (哲学家) was right when he said. “Old is always fifteen years from now.”(1)21．The author seems to tell us in Paragraph I that ______.A．time alone will tellB．time goes by quicklyC．time will show what is rightD．time makes one forget the past(2)22．When the author turned fifty, people around him ______.A．tried to comfort himB．got inspiration from himC．were friendlier with himD．found him more talkative(3)23．The author considers his fifty years of life______.A．peacefulB．ordinaryC．satisfactoryD．regretful(4)24．We can infer from the passage that ______.A．the old should lead a simple lifeB．the old should face the fact of agingC．the old should take more exerciseD．the old should fill themselves with curiosity 拓展1、  BIn 1989, Chito Shedden, a fisherman from Siquirres, Costa Rica, was walking along a fiver bank when he spotted a dying crocodile, which had been shot through the head．Chito acted quickly, asking several brave friends to load the heavy reptile(爬行动物)into his boat．He named the huge reptile, “Pocho”and began to care for him in his own backyard．In time, Pocho improved enough to return to normal health．It was time for him to return to his own river in the wild．Chito and his friends loaded the crocodile back into his boat and released him in a nearby fiver．The next morning, however, something incredible happened…   When Chito awoke the next morning and walked outside, he found Pocho sleeping at the door．The crocodile had swum down the fiver and followed him home．It seemed to Chito that Pocho had made his choice．He wanted to live with the man who had saved his life．As time marched on, Pocho became a member of the family．Sometimes, Chito tried calling his name．The crocodile responded, and the fisherman knew he could be trained…Chito worked with Pocho for 10 years before he started to become more playful．It was a slow and challenging process．Now, the two are inseparable．Every day, Chito wades out into the chest-deep water in his 100 square meters lake and calls out for his friend, who appears from beneath the muddy depths to roll about and play with his keeper．The unique ritual(老规矩)has drawn the attention of tourists from around the world…Every Sunday afternoon for the past few decades, Chito and Pocho have performed a weekly act in his own backyard before hundreds of tourists．Many tourists travel to Siquirres only to see the show．The trust relationship between man and reptile is highlighted by the water wrestling, belly rubs, and hand feeding that the two friends engage in during the show．(1)24．What were things like for Pocho when it was found?A．Its head was shot through．B．It was ready to escape．C．It was trapped in a fishing net．D．It was giving birth along the bank．(2)25．What happened after Chito put Pocho back to nature?A．Chito missed Pocho so much that he fell i11．B．Chito searched for ways to cure Pocho．C．Pocho couldn't get used to its life in nature．D．Pocho followed Chito back to his home．(3)26．Which of the following words can be used to describe the relationship between Chito and Pocho?A．Harmonious．B．Normal．C．Indifferent．D．Terrible．(4)27．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．Chito and Pocho perform the show for the tourists for free．B．The crocodile show has become a popular tourist attraction．C．Many tourists are inspired by Chito to keep crocodiles as pets．D．Crocodiles are actually not a fearful animal for human beings．2、  阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。B    Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as ever since．A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water．He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away．He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son．A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star", remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears．    One explanation is the law of over learning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it．    In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them．We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks．We not only learn but over learn．    The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表)are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we over learn in childhood．    The law of over learning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course．By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned．A little over learning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development．(1)24．What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A．Stories for children are easy to remember．B．Poem reading is a good way to learn words．C．Children have a better memory than grown-ups．D．People remember well what they learned in childhood．(2)25．The author explains the law of over learning by ________．A．presenting research findingsB．setting down general rulesC．making a comparisonD．using examples(3)26．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________．A．a skill to deal with math problemsB．a special case of crammingC．a result of over learningD．a basic step towards advanced studies(4)27．What is the author's opinion on cramming?A．It's helpful only in a limited way．B．It leads to failure in college exams．C．It's possible to result in poor memory．D．It increases students' learning interest．3、  B(1)25．Why is Quebec the ideal location for learning and practicing French?A．It offers summer French programs.B．It is the only major city in Canada.C．It has a Summer French Language School.D．It has a 100% French-speaking environment.(2)26．If a boy is 18 and loves computer science, which summer camp suits him best?A．LMFL.B．FLC.C．EI.D．RC.(3)27．It can be learned from the passage that ______.A．RC helps kids improve their horse-riding skillsB．kids can enjoy one-to-one training at LMFLC．kids can stay at French host families at EID．FLC was founded in 1997 in France4、  BIt was a hot day, and my brother Walt and I had decided that the only way to survive it would be to go swimming in a deep swimming hole across Mr. Blickez's Pasture(牧场)and through some woods.The only problem with our plan was that this pasture was guarded by a huge, mean Hereford bull(公牛). Mr. Blickez had told us that Elsie was the meanest bull in the town, maybe even in the county, and we believed him. But the hotter it got, the more we thought there was something fishy about his words. For one thing, we remembered Mr. Blickez liked telling tall tales; for anther, Elsie seemed like a strange name for a bull.Finally, I talked Mom into asking permission for us to walk through the pasture, but then another problem surfaced. Mom said she would talk to Mr. Blickez if we would take our cousin Joanie along with us. Joanie was almost two years older than me and a head taller. If her teasing ever got around my grade school, it would be all over for me. In fact, I still had a headache from a quarrel with her that morning. “I'm not going swimming with that silly girl cousin,” I told my mom.“Either Joanie goes with, or you stay home alone,” Mom said in her serious tone(语气). I gave in and we set out. On your way across the pasture, Walt yelled suddenly. Elsie had approached him quietly and was licking(舔)his back. Joanie and I dove under the wire fence, but while I was on the ground I looked up and saw that Elsie wasn't a big mean bull after all. She was going to keep licking my brother's back as long as he stood still.We had many good days growing up and visiting our secret swimming hole guarded by the so-called “big mean bull”. And as it turned out, for a girl cousin, Joanie hasn't been too bad. She's been one of my best friends over the years.(1)24．What's the meaning of the underlined word “fishy” in Paragraph 2?A．Funny.B．Interesting.C．Doubtful.D．Believable.(2)25．What's the second problem the author had to face?A．His mother failed to ask permission for him.B．His mother insisted on his cousin going with him.C．He quarreled with his cousin and had a headache.D．His cousin made jokes on him in his grade school.(3)26．We can learn from the passage that Elsie ________.A．was his owner's favorite bullB．was aggressive because of her natureC．disliked to play with little childrenD．was actually friendly to people(4)27．What's the passage mainly about?A．The bull guarding Mr. Blickez's farm.B．The story of visiting the swimming hole.C．How friendly the so-called “big mean bull” was.C．How the author changed his attitude to Joanie.