2023英语高考命题总复习----名词和主谓一致

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考点四 名词和主谓一致
第一步 精准刷题
（一）单句语法填空
1.(2021·新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_______（human) are.
2.(2021·全国甲卷）Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and_______（watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
3.(2021·全国乙卷）_______（activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足） and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
4.(2021·浙江高考）In 1844 they bought it for $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their
_______（marry) ceremony in 1842.
5.(2021·全国甲卷）Many students say they will talk to their_______（friend) or classmates because they're of the same age and can under- stand each other.
6.(2021·新高考I卷）You can't help wondering how hard it_______（be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
7.(2022·山东省济南市莱芜第一中学高三期中考试）What Dr Limb was surprised to find was that the_______（genius) brain seemed to have repurposed its own disused visual cortex(皮层）to build other neurological(神经病学的）pathways.
8.(2022·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三月考）Some people say it has no taste at all, and others think it_______（taste) bad.
9.(2022·辽宁省铁岭市高三摸底考试）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a_______（believe) that populations are increasing.
10.(2021·浙江台州市高三调研）If we choose long-lasting clothes, it helps solve two key_______（issue) at once-overconsumption and the declining quality of many clothes in stores these days.
11.(2021·湖南省五市十校高三第二次大联考）Witnessing the reproduction of animals_______（be) a precious experience for kids.
12.(2022·广东广州高三月考）In 1983,he went to South Africa where he worked for an Indian company and offered some guidance to the company for its legal_______（problem).
13.(2022·河北百师联盟高三摸底考试）The company founder said, “Flying at a height of 2,500 metres and a speed of 185 kph, it has turned science fiction into a_______（real).”
14.(2022·河北邯郸高三摸底考试）The_______（protect) from wind provided by the decorative silk or paper shade kept the lanterns from going out with the breeze.
15.(2022·河北荆门高三摸底考试）Many legends have been left in China about the_______（construct) of the Great Wall.
16.(2022·浙江省诸暨市高三选考诊断性考试）What makes the famous Three Graces buildings on the waterfront almost out of sight, are towers and flats of wild and ugly_______（scene).
17.(2021·重庆七中高三第四次学情检测）The children were spell-bound, the raccoon providing better_______（entertain) than any museum.
18.(2022·江苏省淮安市车桥中学高三调研）The one-hour film traces the poet's life_______（experience) in detail.
19.(2021·江苏丹阳期末）The poet and writer_______（be) very popular with us at present.
20.(2022·广东省珠海市高三摸底测试）From then on, Dick ran as many_______（race) with his son as he could.
21.(2022·广东省广州市省实、执信、广雅、六中高三四校联考）The youngest child, however, often gets special
_______（treat).
22.(2022·辽宁省东北育才学校高三三模）Gratitude is a light that shines in the soul, turning worry into hope, fear into joy, weakness into_______（strong) and worriers into warriors.
23.(2021·山东省师范大学附属中学高三二模）I used to be so addicted to computer games that I had little time for study and thus fell behind and my_______（fit) began to fail.
24.(2021·浙江德清高三摸底考试）In front of our house_______（stand) a tall tree, measuring as tall as 90 metres.
25.(2022·河南省重点高中高三阶段性调研联考）Last week,100 restaurants across Shanghai advocated the use of serving utensils ( 器具），as it is a key point for the control and_______（prevent) of the COVID-19.
26.(2022·广东广州高三开学测试）Among this year's unique suite offerings_______（be) the“ Elephant in the Room”。
27.(2022·重庆市第八中学高三摸底考试）“Overall, these results suggest that a_______（combine) of acute caffeine intake and exercise at moderate intensity in the afternoon provides the best scenario for individuals seeking to increase whole-body fat oxidation during aerobic exercise,” the researchers conclude.
28.(2022·浙江杭州高三一模）Once my father sent us a photo of him in a soldier's uniform, which_______（be) posted on the table reminding me of him.
29.(2022·河北邯郸摸底考试）These decorative lanterns_______（be) hung in both homes and public spaces.
30.(2021·江苏省扬州市扬州中学高三月考）So what your bag can convey_______ (be)your status, or your belief.
答案:
1.humans [句意：当你站在山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海，你会想到我们人类是多么渺小。human是we的同位语，we为复数，human应用复数。故填humans.]
2.watchtowers [句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和瞭望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据形容词 different可知，此处应用可数名词watch-tower的复数形式。故填 watchtowers.]
3.Activities [句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿，宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range 可知，设空处应用可数名词activity的复数作主语。且设空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Activities]
4.marriage [句意：1844年，他们以1,200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。根据设空前的形容词性物主代词their可知，此处应用名词。故填 marriage.]
5.friends [句意；许多学生说他们会和他们的朋友说或同学讲，因为他们是同龄人，能彼此理解。根据设空前many students 和their 可知，此处应用名词复数。故填friends.]
6.was [句意；你不禁会想，对当时的人们来说，把这些石头都安置好有多难。根据设空前认可知，谓语动词应用单数，安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was. ]
7.genius'[句意；让利普博士惊讶的是，他发现这位天才的大脑似乎重新利用了自己被废弃的视堂皮层来建立其他的神经通路。设空处应用名词的所有格和后文名词 brain 构成所属关系。故填genius’ ]
8.tastes [句意：有些人说它一点味道都没有，而另一些人则认为它味道很差。计为第三人称单数，系动词taste 应用其单数形式。故填 tastes.]
9.belief [句意：近年来，努纳武特的一些因组特人报告说，在人类居住区周围看到熊的次数有所增加，这导致人们相信照的数量正在增加。根据设空前不定冠词a可知，设空处应用名词。故填 belief.]
10.issues [句意：如果我们选择耐穿的衣物的话，我们可以一起解决两个关键问题－时下的过度消费和实体店衣服质量不断下降的问题。two 后接可数名词复数。故填issues.]
11.is [根据语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语Witnessing the reproduction of animals,谓语动词使用第三人称单数。故填is.]
12.problems [根据设空前its并结合语境可知，此处应指不止一个问题，应用名词复数。故填problems.]
13.reality [句意：该公司创始人说：“飞行高度为2,500米，时速为185公里，这使科幻变成了现实。”根据设空前a可知，设空处应用可数名词单数。故填reality.]
14.protection [句意：由装饰性的丝帘或纸帘提供的防风保护使灯笼不会随风熄灭。根据设空前冠词The可知，此处应用名词。故填protection]
15.construction [句意：关于长城的建造，中国留下了许多传说。根据设空前the可知，此处应用名词，且 construction 为抽象概念，不可数。故填 construction.]
16.scenes [句意：而让滨水区著名的三座优雅建筑几乎消失在视线之外的，是充满野性和丑陋景象的高楼和平地。根据设空前形容词ugly可知，此处应用名词，且scene为可数名词，应用名词复数。故填scenes.]
17.entertainment [句意：孩子们像着了迷一样，因为浣熊给孩子们提供的快乐超过任何一个博物馆。根据句意可知，provide后接宾语，需用名词。故填 entertainment.]
18.experiences [句意：这部一小时的电影详细地追溯了诗人的生活经历。根据设空前 poet's可知，此处应用名词，且名词experience意为“经历”时，是可数名词，应用名词复数。故填experiences.]
19.is [句意：这位诗人兼作家现在很受我们欢迎。主语The and writer指一个人，是单数，谓语动词应用单数，且根据时间状语 at present 可知，设空处应用一般现在时。故填is.]
20.races [句意：从那时起，Dick(狄克）就尽可能多地和儿子赛跑。race为可数名词，由 many 修饰应用复数。故填races.]
21.treatment [句意：然而，最小的孩子通常会得到特殊的待遇。根据设空前的形容词special可知，此处应用名词作宾语，故填treatment.]
22.strength［句意：感激是照亮灵魂的光芒，把担心变成希望、恐惧变成快乐、弱变强并且把多虑的人变成战士。＂worry into hope, fear into joy, we”是并列名词短语，故设空处应用名词。故填strength.]
23.fitness'【句意；我以前沉迷于电脑游戏，以至于几乎没有时间学习，因此落后了，我的健康也开始衰退。设空处需用名词作生语，fit的名词为fitness“健康”，不可数名词。故填fitness.]
24.stands [地点状语“In front of our house"放在句首，句子应用完全倒装，所以主语是 a tall tree,为第三人称单数。故填 stands. ]
25.prevention [设空前连词and连接两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，因此设空处应用名词。故填prevention]
26.is [句意：在今年独特的套房产品中，有一款是“房间里的大象”。陈述事实，应用一般现在时。本句是倒装句，根据设空后“Elephant in the Room”可知，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is]
27.combination [句意：总的来说，这些结果表明，对于那些想在有氧运动中增加全身脂肪氧化的人来说，在下午进行剧烈的咖啡因摄入和中等强度的运动相结合是最好的方案。根据设空前冠词a和设空后作定语的介词短语可知，设空处应用名词。故填combination.]
28.was［根据主句的谓语动词sent可知，陈述过去的事实，应用一般过去时；主语 which 指代先行词
A photo,谓语动词应用单数。故填was. ]
29.are [句意：这些装饰性的灯笼挂在家里和公共场所。本句描述一般情况，应用一般现在时；lanterns与hang之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动形式；主语lanterns是复数名词，谓语动词应用复数。故填are.]
30.is [本句陈述客观事实用一般现在时，且主语为 what your bag can convey,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填is.]
（二）单句表达
1.(2021·重庆市第一中学高三月考）随着5G的发展，无人驾驶车将能与其他车辆进行交流。
With____________ 5G, ____________ will be able to communicate with other vehicles.
2.(2022·福建省泉州市高三质量检测）它们靠在一起的视频片段，以及年长的大象帮助掉入沟里的两只小象的视频片段，都特别受欢迎。
Clips that show them leaning close together, as well as one clip of older elephants helping two little elephants that fell into a ditch, ____________.
3.(2022·辽宁省铁岭市高三摸底考试）在19个已确认的北极熊亚种群中，3个在下降，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。
Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three____________，six____________，one____________
，and nine____________.
4.(2021·河南省南阳市第一中学高三第二次月考）我们已经为下周召开的会议做好了一切安排。
We____________ for the conference that will be held next week.
5.(2021·山东新高考质量测评联盟高三联合调研监测）马头（雕像）承载着历史的记忆和我们民族的共同情感。
The horse's head____________ and our nation's shared emotion.
6.(2022·山东省济宁市实验中学高三摸底考试）我从这次经历中学到了很多，我会尽我最大的努力用我自己的双手帮助贫困家庭的失明儿童。
I get a lot from this experience, and I'll try my best to use my own hands to help____________.
7.(2022·湘豫名校联考）他一生致力于杂交水稻的研究，帮助实现数十亿粮食安全生产。
He devoted his life to the research of hybrid rice, helping____________.
8.(2021·福建省福州高三月考）是汤姆而不是你应负责任。
It is Tom, rather than you, that____________.
9.(2021·江苏省泰州中学高三月度检测）死记一长串的单词及其词义，或者查字典等等，都是没有用的。
It is no use learning by heart long lists of words and____________，studying the dictionary and so on.
10.(2022·山东省济宁市实验中学高三摸底考试）我的高考即将来临，这也宣告了这种紧迫的学习生活的结束。
My college entrance exam is approaching, ____________ the end of this sort of pressing study life.
11.(2022·广东广州高三月考）有些人收集邮票；其他人收藏艺术品或乐器。
Some people collect stamps; other people collect____________.
12.(2022·广东深圳高三第一次质量检测）去年，我们开始邀请音乐家为黑猩猩表演，看看它们会有什么反应。
Last year, we____________ to perform for chimps to see what they may respond.
13.(2022·河北省级联测）这个营地在25个城市都有，且有不同的项目选择。
This camp____________ in 25 cities and____________ program options.
14.(2022·湖北武汉高三联考）当大多数人的注意力都集中在新冠肺炎上时，一场悄无声息的大流行病正在发展。
____________ a quiet pandemic developing while most people's attention has been on COVID-19.
15.(2022·山东省临沂市高三摸底考试）作为一种扩大影响力的方法，这是个不错的主意。
As a method of expand influence, it____________.
答案:
1.the development of; driverless cars
2.are particularly popular
3.are declining; are stable; is increasing; lack enough data
4.have made all the arrangements
5.holds the memory of history
6.the blind children in the poor families
7.billions achieve food security
8.is to blame
9.their meaning(s)
10. which also announces
11. works of art or musical instruments
12.began inviting musicians
13.is available; has different
14.There has been
15. is not a bad idea
（三）翻译
1.(2022·山东省济宁市实验中学高三摸底考试）我缺课的原因是我在上学的路上帮助了一个无家可归的孩子。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2.(2022·山东省济宁市实验中学高三摸底考试）如果你想在交谈中学习一些语法，我们也可以这样做！
____________________________________________________________________________________________
3.(2022,湘豫名校联考）我花了九个月的时间才完成我的第一本书。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
4.(2022·浙江省高三适应性模拟）我们为每个孩子准备了五颜六色的包裹，里面装满了玩具、衣服和学习用品。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
5.(2022·江苏南京师范大学附属中学高三测试）我们大多数人已经意识到我们对朋友和家人的直接影响。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1.The reason for my absence from class was that I helped a homeless child on my way to school.
2. If you would like to learn some grammar during conversation, we can do that too!
3. It took me nine months to finish my first book.
4.For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes, and school supplies.
5.Most of us are already aware of the direct effect we have on our friends and family.

第二步 精深学习
［精讲］
一、名词的分类

专有名词
普通名词
国名地名人名，团
体机构名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
抽象名词
物质名词
二、名词的数
1.规则变化
（1)单数名词词尾直接加“－s”。如：boy -boys, pen-pens
（2)以“s”，“x”，“ch”，“sh”结尾的单词一般加“－es”。如：glass-glasses, box-boxes, watch-watches, brush-brushes
特例：stomach-stomachs
（3)以“辅音字母
y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“－es”。如：baby-ba- bies, lady-ladies
注意：penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同；pence(便士的钱数）pennies(便士的枚数）
（4)以“o”结尾的多数加“－s”。如：radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos, tobaccos.
而下列名词的复数却要加－es:
tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, hero-heroes
（5)以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加“-es”。如：wife-wives, self-selves
特例：handkerchief-handkerchiefs, gulf-gulfs, belief-beliefs
（6)改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
特例：child-children
2.不规则变化
（1)单复数相同
如：sheep, deer, means, aircraft, species
（2)合成名词变成复数的情况：
①将主体名词变为复数。如：sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers
②无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数。如：grown-ups, house-wives, go-betweens
③将两部分都变为复数。如：women singers 女歌手，men servants男仆
三、名词的所有格
1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加“＇s”，其构成形式如下：
（1)一般名词后加“＇s”。如：
my brother’s 我哥哥（弟弟）的书包
（2)以“-s”或“-es”结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“’”。如：
the workers' club 工人俱乐部
（3)以－s结尾的专有名词所有格，以读音［z]结尾的，一般在名词右上方加“”，也可加“＇s”，其读音分别为［z]、［iz].如：
Dickens'/Dickens's book 狄更斯的书
（4)复合名词所有格的词尾“＇s”加在后面的词之后。如：
her son-in-law's photo 她女婿的相片
（5)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词加“’s”；如果不
是共有的，两个名词后都要加“’s”。如：
Jane and Mary's room 珍和玛丽的房间（共有）
Jane's and Tom's books 珍的书和汤姆的书（不共有）
（6)有时，名词所有格可表示类别。如：
a women's college 女子学院
（7)表示动作的执行者或承受者。如：
Li Ping's praise 李平的赞扬
Children's education 儿童教育
（8)在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。如：
at Mr Green's 在格林先生家
at the doctor's 在诊所
2.表示无生命东西的名词，通常采用“of＋名词”的结构来表示所有关系。如：
the gate of the school 学校门口
3.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“＇s”来构成所有格。如：
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
4.在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of词组＋所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：
a friend of my father's 我爸爸的一位朋友
四、名词作定语
作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。
（1)一般用单数形式，但在个别情况下也有用复数的。
goods train 货车 sports meeting 运动会
man doctor-men doctors 男医生（两者皆变为复数形式）
（2)有时在汉语看来，似乎要用形容词作定语，但英语习惯上却要用
名词作定语。如：
science fiction 科幻小说 convenience food 方便食品
（3)许多合成名词可直接用于名词前作定语，起形容词的作用。如：
a long-distance call 长途电话
first-class tickets 头等舱机票
（4)名词可以用来修饰名词，叫做名词前置修饰语。名词作前置修饰语时，通常用可数名词的单数形式，即使指一个以上的事物时也如此。如：
书店可用“a book shop"而不用“a books shop".
五、主谓一致
1.语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
（1)many a+名词，作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数。
Many a student has been sent to plant trees.
（2)more than a(n)/one+名词，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
More than one teacher gets the flowers.
（3)动词不定式、动词－ing形式短语，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.
（4)and 连接的两个单数名词前若用each, every, no修饰，该名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Every student and more than one teacher was in the classroom.
（5)the following 作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。
The following information was correct at time of going to press.
2.意义一致：就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义保持一致。（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。）
（1)含 all, most, half, rest等的名词词组作主语，所指的内容是复数意义时，谓语动词用复数；反之，用单数。
All of my classmates work hard.

All of the water is up now.
（2)each作主语的同位语时，谓语动词由主语来决定，与each无关。
They each have a bike.
（3)以－ics结尾的学科名词，如politics(政治）physics(物理），mathematics(数学）等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以－s结尾的名词news, works, plastics等同属此类。
Politioc is now taught in all schools.
The news has got about.
当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示“学科”以外的意义时，用作复数，如：
mathematics(运算能力），politics(政治观点），economies(经济意义）等。
（4)表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数，但若强调数量，谓语动词可用复数。
One million dollars is a lot of money.
Millions of people want new, simplified ways of interacting with a computer.
（5)有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数（trousers（长裤），glasses(眼镜），shoes(鞋），shorts(短裤），scissors(剪刀），scales(天平）等）作主语时，前面若有“一条”“一副”“一把”之类的单位词，动词用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语动词用复数。
The shoes are all right.
There is a pair of glasses on the newspaper.
3.就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
（1)当两个主语由 either ... or ...,neither ... nor...,whether...or...,not only ...but also...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
（2)there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two pens, a book and three pencils on the desk.
There is a book, two pens and three pencils on the desk.
（3)在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后紧接着的主语一致。
Such are the facts.
Here is a map and a handbook for you.
（4)就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。此类连接性短语有am well ms, as much as, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等。
Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.
She, like you and betty, is very clever.

［检测］
（一）单句语法填空
1.(2021·全国乙卷）I always assist my parents in doing the________ （dish) after meals.
2.(2021·全国甲卷）One of the questions________（be):Who will you go to in times of trouble?
3.(2021·广东珠海市二模）Discoveries made at the site can date back to the 12th and 11th centuries BC, and many of the________（item)are now on display at an on-site museum.
4.(2021·浙江诸暨市高三模拟）Every piece of plastic created will remain in the environment in some form, but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管）and directly to the ocean, affecting the marine life including the fish, a main source of food for________（human).
5.(2022·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三摸底考试）The landing of the spacecraft on Mars is the latest achievement from China's planed range of ambitious space________（activity).
6.(2021·广东广州高三月考）We all feel his parents as well as Jack________（be) to blame for the little boy's bad performance at school.
7.(2022·江苏南京学情调研）The story of the Goddess of the Luo River has been the________（inspire) for countless contemporary artists, who have described the goddess of unmatched beauty through various art forms, like movies and dance dramas.
8.(2022·浙江高三百校联考）It's all fun and games until someone________（get) hurt, and that is exactly what happens with a video game addiction.
9.(2022·重庆市高三诊断）Therefore, they controlled traffic density(密度） by constructing bridges of a________（vary) of widths between ants' home and a source of food.
10.(2022·浙江名校协作体联考）A significant increase in the population of elephants is a________（reflect) of these decades-long protection efforts.
答案:
1.dishes [句意；饭后我总是帮助父母洗碗。do the dishes“洗餐具”为固定短语。故填dishes.]
2.is [句意；其中的一个问题是；你遇到麻烦时会去找谁？one of the+名词复数，意为“…之一”，为单数含义，故其后的系动词应用单数。此处为客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填 is. ]
3.items [句意：该遗址的发现可以追测到公元前12世纪和11世纪，许多物品现在正在现场博物馆展出。根据设空前many 可知，此处应用名词复数。故填 items]
4.humans [句意：每一块被制造出来的塑料都将以某种形式留在环境中，但如果你图方便把它扔掉，风和径流就会把垃圾带入污水管，直接流入海洋，影响海洋生物，包括鱼类－人类的主要食物来源。human为可数名词，此处表示“人类”应用复数。故填 humans.]
5.activities [句意：火星探测器的登陆是中国雄心勃勃的太空活动计划的最新成就。activity 为可数名词，设空前没有冠词修饰，应用复数，表示泛指。故填 activities. ]
6.are [句意：我们都认为他的父母和杰克都应为这个小男孩在学校表现不好负责。当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时，其后谓语的单复数形式通常要与前面的主语保持一致，故此句主语为parents,谓语动词应用复数。故填 are.]
7.inspiration [句意：罗江女神的故事启发了无数当代艺术家，他们通过电影和舞剧等各种艺术形式描绘了这位无与伦比的美丽女神。根据设空前the可知，此处应用名词，且inspiration为不可数名词。故填inspiration.]
8.gets [句意：直到有人受伤之前，它完全是有趣的游戏，而这正是电子游戏上瘾所发生的事情。此处描述一种事实，应用一般现在时，且主语 someone是单数，谓语动词应用单数。故填gets.]
9.variety [句意：因此，他们通过在蚂蚁的家和食物来源之间建造各种宽度的桥梁来控制交通密度。a variety of“各种各样的”为固定搭配。故填 variety.]
10.reflection [根据设空前a可知，此处应用名词单数。故填reflection. ]
（二）语法填空
（2022·河北邯郸高三月考）The China National Space Administration published on Thursday three pictures 1 (take) recently by its Zhurong Mars rover(探测器）， 2 showed the parachute(降落伞）and bowl-shaped back shell used in the rover's landing.
The pictures 3 (shoot) by Zhurong's camera on Monday as the rover was traveling southward for its scientific 4 （explore).
As of Thursday afternoon, Zhurong, named 5 the Chinese god of fire in ancient mythology, had operated 60 days on Mars and traveled 450 meters 6 (survey) the barren planet. Meanwhile, the mission's orbiter has continued traveling around the Red Planet.
The 240-kilogram Zhurong is tasked with surveying Mars' landforms, geological structures, soil characteristics, potential locations of water and ice, and other physical 7 (property).
8 1.85-meter-high rover is the core component of the Tianwen 1 mission, the country's first interplanetary adventure. Tianwen 1 was 9 （success) launched by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket on July 23, 2020 from the Wenchang Space Launch Center, 10 (begin) the nation's first mission to another planet.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
答案:篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国发射的天问一号以及祝融号火星探测器。
1.taken [考查非谓语动词。句意：中国国家航天局周四公布了三张最近祝融号火星探测器所拍摄的照片，照片显示了探测器着陆时所使用的降落伞以及碗形的背壳。pictures 和take之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken.]
2.which [考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“three pictures”，指物，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which.故填which.]
3.were shot［考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：周一祝融号探测器的摄像机拍摄了这些照片，当时探测器正在向南进行科学探测。The pictures 与shoot 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且根据设空后was可知，动作发生在过去，应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were shot.]
4.exploration [考查词性转换。设空处位于形容词 scientific后应用名词作宾语。故填exploration.]
5.after [考查介词。句意；至周四下午，以中国古代神话中的火神命名的祝融号已经运行了60天，行走了450米的距高，来调查这个荒芜的星球。Name after“以“命名”为固定搭配。故填after.]
6.to survey/surveying [考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，或者是使用现在分词作状语表示伴随。救填 to survey/surveying.]
7.properties [考查名词。句意：240千克重的视融号的任务是调童火星地形、地理结构、土壤特性，潜在的水源位置以及冰和其他物理特性，根据设空前的other 以及形容词 physical 可知，此处应用可数名词复数。故填properties.]
8.The [考查冠词。句意：1.85米高的探测器，是这次天间一号任务的核心组成部分，是国家第一次星际探险。设空处位于名词rower 前，表示特指，应用定冠词，位于句首，首字母大写。故填The. ]
9.successfully [考查词性转换。天同一号是2020年7月23日在文昌航天发射中心搭载长征五号运载火箭成功发射的，开始了国家第一次探索另一个星球的任务。修饰动词launched应用副词。故填 successfully.]
10.beginning [考查非谓语动词。Tianwen 1和begin之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填beginning.]