2022届江西省鹰潭市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届江西省鹰潭市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题含解析，共25页。

鹰潭市2022届高三第二次模拟考试
英语试题
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分， 全卷满分为150分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答第Ｉ卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班别、姓名、学号、考试科目写在答题卷上。
2．试题所有答案均答在本试卷的答题卷上
第I卷（选择题，共100分）
第一部分：听力
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much will the woman pay?
A. $10. B. $15. C. $25.
2. What’s the woman like?
A. She’s experienced. B. She’s confident. C. She’s perfect.
3. What will the woman do for the man?
A. Drive him to the town. B. Buy something for him. C. Walk his dog.
4. What does the man usually do?
A. He builds rockets. B. He observes planets. C. He goes on space missions.
5. What will the woman probably buy for her daughter?
A. Earrings. B. A necklace. C. A ring.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When was the man away from work last time?
A. A day ago. B. A week ago. C. A year ago.
7. What does the woman suggest the man do?
A. Work harder. B. Complain to the boss. C. Have a rest.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What do we know about the man?
A. He used to be in a band.
B. He played some instrument once.
C. He really dislikes jazz music now.
9. Who does the man know from the band?
A. The drummer. B. The guitar player. C. The lead singer.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What do we know about the dancing?
A. The dancers usually have a hat with flowers.
B. There are only male dancers.
C. It dates back to the 1600s.
11. What did ancient dancers probably hope for?
A. More rain. B. Better health. C. Great harvest of crops.
12. What does the man think about the people enjoying the dance?
A. It is unpleasant. B. It is interesting. C. It is normal.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man want to do?
A. Start a business. B. Use a computer. C. Search for ideas.
14. Why does the man refuse to tell the woman about the idea at first?
A. He doesn’t have time.
B. He can’t explain it clearly.
C. He thinks she won’t understand.
15. Who would the website help?
A. People with personality issues.
B. People studying psychology.
C. People with business ideas.
16. What will the man do next?
A. Call a bank.
B. Look at the government website.
C. Check newspaper advertisements.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What is the talk mainly about?
A. Mushroom researches. B. Mushrooms as food. C. Mushrooms as medicine.
18. How do mushrooms mainly exchange materials?
A. Through trees in forests. B. Through root networks. C. Through fruiting bodies.
19. What have trees grown with mushrooms shown?
A. No change in growth. B. Slower growth. C. Increased growth.
20. What have scientists recently found about mushrooms?
A. They help improve the environment.
B. They consume plants for food.
C. They make fruit healthier.

第二部分：阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Imagine standing on one spot where the only direction is south. You can experience it if you join a group of just 128 passengers for your tip to the pole of the world. Your icebreaker ship, 50 Years of Victory, will take you to the North Pole, which is more commonly associated （联系） with fairy tales.
Days 1&2 — From Helsinki to Murmansk
Your adventure begins from Helsinki, Finland’s capital. From Helsinki, you’ll join your fellow passengers on the flight to Murmansk, Russia, where you’ll start your voyage to the North Pole and get to know 50 Years of Victory.
Days 3-6 — Travelling towards the north in the Arctic Ocean
Being on Victory and feeling the icebreaker as it cuts through the Arctic pack ice is an experience you’ll never forget. You’ll have plenty of time to get to know your shipmates, and be treated to lectures and discussions about the trip by Our expedition （远征） team while seeing various birds. There are other things you can do, such as swimming and playing basketball.
Day7 — 90°North
Take photos, call your family and wave a flag; just be sure to enjoy your moment at the pole. If environmental conditions permit, you can jump into the icy waters around the North Pole. We’ll also attempt to send passengers high above the pole in our hot-air balloon to celebrate this great moment (highly weather dẹpendent).
Days 8 & 9 — Travelling towards the south in the Arctic Ocean
As you head further south, you may get lucky and spot polar bears hunting for seals.
Days 10 & 11 — Franz Josef Land
This group of 191 islands lies entirely within the Arctic Circle. Here you’ll explore Cape Flora and discover historic remains from three ill-fated arctic adventures.
Days 12 & 13 — Getting off Victory in Murmansk and flying to Helsinki
When you return to Murmansk, it will be time to say goodbye to 50 Years of Victory. You’ll be sent to the airport for your flight to Helsinki.
1. What can passengers do from Day 3 to Day 6?
A. Break the pack ice in the Arctic. B. Get to know more about the trip.
C. Feed a variety of birds on board. D. Compete with your shipmates in skiing.
2. Which of the following highly depends on the weather at the North Pole?
A. Taking a hot-air balloon ride. B. Sending passengers deep into the icy waters.
C. Contacting your family by telephoning. D. Waving flags and taking photos in the wind.
3. When is it possible for you to discover historic remains?
A. From Day 3 to Day 6. B. From Day 8 to Day9.
C. On-Days 10 & 11. D. On Days 12 & 13.
B
For the past 60 years, the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) has protected animals, restored lost habitats and advocated for policy changes that benefit wildlife. Now, the conservation organization is trying a new approach.
This year, AWF launched the inaugural Benjamin Mkapa African Wildlife Photography Awards. The contest aims to reach a different audience. While photography competitions are nothing new, the AWF hopes that the exhibition of winning entries will encourage African people to take a more active role in conservation. Its CEO Kaddu Sebunya said, “Africans need to take the responsibility for the conservation of their heritage.”
Photographers of all ages and backgrounds, professional and amateur, were invited to submit to the competition. A judging panel (评选委员会), comprised of photographers, conservationists, activists and safari guides, selected photos from 12 categories including “Art in Nature” “Coexistence and Conflict” and “Conservation Heroes”.
The “Conservation Heroes” category had special appeal for Kenyan conservation photographer Anthony Ochieng Onyango. “I realized there was a communication gap because most of what was being communicated was data in scientific publications,” said Onyango, adding that images are a simple way for people to connect to complex issues.
While there were many entries in the AWF competition, there’s only one 19-year-old Cathan Moore from South Africa among the category winners. There’s a lack of opportunity for young aspiring photographers on the continent. AWF is seeking grants and partnerships to enable more African people to participate next year, and to make nature photography competitions more accessible to those unable to pay or buy expensive camara equipment, allowing people to use whatever camera they have and photograph wildlife in urban environments.
Sebunya hopes that the competition can open up a dialogue about conservation — and why it’s so important for Africa’s future. Many people in Africa look at conservation as a thing done by and for foreigners, said Sebunya. While he praised the work of international NGOs, he emphasized that it’s vital that African voices are heard and for local people to lead conservation efforts.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. African people take photographs in order to protect wildlife.
B. AWF calls for people’s active involvement in wildlife conservation.
C. A communication gap exists between ordinary people and wildlife conservation.
D. AWF holds photography competition for the conservation of wildlife.
5. Which of the following statements about the photography competition is TRUE?
A. The winners’ works will be on display to promote wildlife conservation.
B. This year’s winners include quite a number of teenage photographers.
C. The judging panel includes both professional and amateur photographers.
D. People who are not skilled in photography can’t take part in the competition.
6. According to Anthony Ochieng Onyango, what caused the communication gap?
A. People’s lack of desire to connect to the issue.
B. The lack of scientific publications on the issue.
C. The lack of simple and direct ways to present the issue.
D. People’s lack of professional camera equipment.
7. What’s Sebunya’s attitude toward the competition?
A. Cautious. B. Appreciative. C. Skeptical. D. Neutral.
C
Like many of history’s greatest ideas, Tetris (俄罗斯方块)came about quite unintentionally. Alexey Pajitnov was a software engineer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow, tasked with testing a new type of computer. To do so, he wrote a simple game based on a puzzle from his childhood. It would help assess how powerful the computer was — and provide a bit of fun. Little did he know that the resulting game would go on to become one of the greatest, most addictive and most successful of all time.
Tetris is a puzzle game in which geometric shapes fall down onto a playing field, and the player has to arrange them to form gapless lines. Pajitnov took inspiration from pentomino, a classic puzzle game consisting of all the different shapes that can be made by combining five squares — 12 in total — with the goal of arranging them in a wooden box like a jigsaw puzzle.
To simplify things, he knocked that down to four squares, thus reducing the number of shapes from 12 to seven. He called the game Tetris, combining the Greek numeral “tetra”(meaning four) and tennis, his favorite sport. Pajitnov himself was immediately hooked. “I couldn’t stop myself from playing this prototype version, because it was very addictive to put the shapes together,” he said on the phone from Seattle, where he now lives.
Tetris has been the subject of several scientific studies. One found that playing the game can be effective in fighting off cravings for food and, while another noted an increase in the thickness of some parts of the brain in people who had played regularly. Playing Tetris for prolonged periods of time can lead to players dreaming about the falling pieces or interpreting real-world objects as shapes in the game and mentally re-arranging them — a phenomenon known as “the Tetris Effect”.
“With time going by, it hasn’t lost any of its play value and nothing has come to replace Tetris,” said Henk Rogers, a computer scientist, explaining the game’s enduring popularity. “It’s like Happy Birthday. There have been lots of songs that come and go, but Happy Birthday is always sung in the same way. Tetris has become the Happy Birthday of computer games.”
8. Why did Alexey Pajitnov create Tetris?
A. To bring back childhood memory.
B. To provide more fun for the public.
C. To update the computer system.
D. To assess a new kind of computer.
9. What does the underlined word “hooked” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Pleased B. Determined C. Obsessed D. Moved
10. What can we know about Tetris according to Paragraph 4?
A. It can cause players to dream about the falling pieces.
B. It can stimulate people’s appetite for food.
C. It can lead to “the Tetris Effect” instantly.
D. It can increase the overall thickness of the brain.
11. Why does the author mention the song Happy Birthday in the last paragraph?
A. To describe the concept of Tetris.
B. To indicate the popularity of Tetris.
C. To provide the example of popular songs.
D. To introduce the topic of Happy Birthday.
D
With obesity now affecting 29% of the population in England, and expected to rise to 35% by 2030, should we now recognize it as a disease? Obesity, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected, meets the dictionary definition of disease, argues Professor John Wilding. He points out that more than 200 genes influence weight. “Thus body weight is strongly influenced by biology — it is not an individual’s fault if they develop obesity.” Yet the widespread view is that obesity is self-induced and that it is entirely the individual’s responsibility to do something about it. Recognizing obesity as a chronic disease with severe complications (并发症) rather than a lifestyle choice “should help reduce the stigma (耻辱) and discrimination experienced by many people with obesity,” he adds.
Professor Wilding disagrees that labelling a high proportion of the population as having a disease removes personal responsibility or may overwhelm health services, pointing out that other common diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, require people to take action to manage their condition. He suggests that most people with obesity will eventually develop complications. “But unless we accept that obesity is a disease, we are not going to be able to tackle it,” he concludes.
But Dr. Richard Pile, a physician with a special interest in diabetes, argues that adopting this approach “could actually result in worse outcomes for individuals and society.” He believes that the dictionary definition of disease “is so vague that we can classify almost anything as a disease” and says the question is not whether we can, but whether we should, and to what end.
If labelling obesity as a disease was harmless then it wouldn’t really matter, he writes. But labelling obesity as a disease “risks reducing autonomy, disempowering and robbing people of the intrinsic (内在的) motivation that is such an important enabler of change.” What’s more, making obesity is a disease “may not benefit patients, but it will benefit healthcare providers and the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry when health insurance and clinical guidelines promote treatment with drugs and surgery,” he warns.
12. What does Professor John Wilding argue about obesity?
A. Its impact on society is expected to rise. B. It should be regarded as a genetic disease.
C. It is now too widespread to be neglected. D. Its dictionary definition should be updated.
13. What is the popular view of obesity?
A. It is difficult to define. B. It is a modern disease.
C. It has much to do with one’s genes. D. It results from a lack of self-control.
14. Why are some people opposed to labelling obesity as a disease?
A. Obese people would be discriminated against.
B. Obese people would not be able to afford the medical costs.
C. Obese people would be overwhelmed with anxiety.
D. Obese people would not feel responsible to take any action.
15. What is Dr. Richard Pile’s concern about classifying obesity as a disease?
A. It may do little good to patients. B. It may accelerate the spread of obesity.
C. It may cause a shortage of doctors. D. It may affect obese people’s quality of life.
第三部分 七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you’re “hooked” on sugar, don’t try to eliminate (消除) all sugary foods at once. If you deny yourself even a single piece of candy or sliver of cake, you’ll only crave sweets more. ____16____ “Shift yourself away from sugar and eat these foods, which are digested more slowly. They’ll help to even out (平衡) your blood sugar and you won’t have spikes and crashes all the time,” Dr. Hauser says. ____17____
Keep sugary food away. Don’t tempt yourself by stocking candy, cookies, and other high-sugar foods in your cupboards and fridge. “As a substitute for these things, keep fruit around,” suggests Dr. Hauser.
Sweeten foods yourself. ____18____ Then add your own sweetener. No matter how much sweetener you add, you probably won’t put in as much as the manufacturer would have, according to Dr. Hauser.
____19____ Be wary of foods where sugar tends to hide, including reduced-fat products. “When companies take out the fat, they add back almost all the calories in sugar,”Dr. Hauser says. Read labels. Avoid products that list sugar as the first ingredient or that contain several different types of sugar (brown sugar, cane nectar, etc.) — it’s one way manufacturers avoid having sugar listed as the first ingredient.
Eat breakfast. Start out your day with a filling, nutritious meals, so you’ll be less likely to give in to cravings. ____20____
“When you get used to eating fewer super-sweet things, you crave them less,” Dr. Hauser says. “You become more satisfied with less sweet things.” You also won’t feel guilty on those less frequent occasions when you do splurge.
A. Pay attention to ingredients.
B. Watch for hidden sugars in foods.
C. Instead, eat a healthy diet made up of more satisfying foods — whole grains, fruits, vegetables, etc.
D. Start with unsweetened iced tea, plain yogurt, and unflavored oatmeal.
E. Steel-cut oatmeal, eggs, and fruit are all good breakfast choices.
F. Eating a healthy diet is the right way to shift your attention from sugar.
G. Here are a few suggestions to help you break the sugar habit.
第四部分 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The movie Alita: Battle Angel tells a story of a “bionic girl” with robotic arms and superhuman fighting powers. And in ___21___ life, Tilly Lockey also has robot arms which look like those seen in fantasy movies.
Tilly lost both her hands and the tips of her toes ___22___ meningitis (脑膜炎)when she was a ___23___.
As she grew, her mom tried to get her to ___24___ various prosthetics (假肢). Her mom says, “At the age of three, she got her first ___25___ hands. But these only allowed Tilly to move her fingers one at a time.” Tilly recalls, “In the end I ___26___ wearing them and learned to do things without hands.”
___27___, not long ago, she’s got two bionic arms which she has ___28___ the use of! Tilly’s new arms came as a gift — after James Cameron’s company approached Open Bionics, the firm who made them. The movie makers offered to ___29___ a new pair of arms called the Hero Arms for an amputee (被截肢者) that look just like the ones Alita has. Bionic limbs have existed for a decade ___30___ the Hero Arms cost much less. They are also ___31___ and more agile (灵巧的) than any that have come before. And, most importantly, unlike the limbs which were designed to look human and “hide” the fact a limb was missing, these new ___32___ are machine-like.
Tilly is ___33___ with her new-found skills. “I could do a lot before ___34___ hands, but it’s fun ___35___ things with the Hero Arms. I can ___36___ a toothbrush, brush my hair and play video games. At school, everyone wants to shake ___37___ by the hand.”
Payne says, “If kids go into school with an Iron Man hand, they don’t have a ___38___ They have something that they feel super ___39___.”
Tilly is now working with the tech company to ___40___ bionic arms for other differently-abled people.
21. A. virtual B. real C. automatic D. dreamy
22. A. contrary to B. due to C. instead of D. as to
23. A. baby B. teenager C. adult D. schoolgirl
24. A. earn B. play C. wear D. dress
25. A. normal B. secondhand C. wooden D. electric
26. A. stopped B. finished C. kept D. enjoyed
27. A. Logically B. Frequently C. Fortunately D. Constantly
28. A. demanded B. mastered C. risked D. made
29. A. ask for B. hold onto C. pick up D. pay for
30. A. however B. and C. but D. or
31. A. faster B. heavier C. prettier D. lighter
32. A. regulations B. versions C. toys D. visions
33. A. annoyed B. dissatisfied C. pleased D. concerned
34. A. with B. beside C. by D. without
35. A. trying out B. pointing out C. working out D. hanging out
36. A. consume B. transmit C. grip D. own
37. A. her B. you C. them D. me
38. A. weakness B. strength C. choice D. solution
39. A. simple B. cool C. formal D. cold
40. A. develop B. control C. attend D. operate
第五部分 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
When ____41____ (ask) what makes them laugh, most adults will tell you it’s jokes and humour. But they would be wrong. Robert Provine, ____42____ psychologist from the University of Maryland, ____43____ (find) some time ago that we actually laugh most when talking to our friends. In fact we’re 30 times more likely ____44____ (laugh) at something when we are with other people. Interestingly, within these conversations, we ____45____ (be) still not laughing at jokes: we laugh at statements and comments that do not seem on the face of them to be remotely funny. It’s a form of communication, not a ____46____ (react). The science of laughter is telling us that laughter is not so much associated ____47____ jokes. Actually, it is, to a greater degree, a social behaviour which we use to show people that we like them and ____48____ we understand them. Laughter is an emotion that we can use with those to whom we are ____49____ (emotional) close, to make ourselves feel better. This is critical to our _____50_____ (enjoy) a happy mood — but maybe even more important when circumstances are making us feel bad.
第六部分 短文改错
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Have you heard about Lushan? It’s official named Mountain Lushan National Park in China. Locating in Jiujiang in Central China, it enjoys a great reputation in the country. It is about 25 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide, but neighbors Jiujiang city and the Yangtze River to the north. Hanyang Peak is the highest point, which reach 1, 474 meters above sea level. It is one of the hundreds of steep peak that stand above a sea of clouds. Mountain Lushan is known for its steepness and beauty, especially during the summer months where the weather is cool in the mountains than elsewhere. Because its striking beauty and great importance, Mountain Lushan National Park has been listed like a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996. You had better to visit Lushan for a sightseeing tour in person.
第七部分 书面表达
52. 《潜书•讲学》有云：“学贵得师，亦贵得友”。求学路上遇到好老师是件幸运的事。毕业在即，给你的老师写封感谢信吧。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 老师称呼使用Dear Mr/Mrs/Miss，不能出现老师，学校，班级的具体名称；
3. 学生落款已写好。
Dear Mrs Wang,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua










##########################################################################################
【答案】1-5 CBCBA 6-10 CCBCA 11-15 CBACC 16-20 BABCA
【解析】
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了北极之旅的相关信息。
1. 细节理解题。根据Days 3-6 — Travelling towards the north in the Arctic Ocean的“be treated to lectures and discussions about the trip by Our expedition （远征） team”可知，探险队会举办一些关于此次旅行的讲座和讨论，即从第三天到第六天，乘客可以了解有关这次旅行的更多信息。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据Day7 — 90°North的“We’ll also attempt to send passengers high above the pole in our hot-air balloon to celebrate this great moment (highly weather dependent).”可知，我们还将尝试让乘客乘坐热气球以庆祝这一美好时刻（此活动很大程度上依赖于天气），即在北极乘坐热气球很大程度上取决于天气状况。故选A项。
3. 细节理解题。根据Days 10 & 11 — Franz Josef Land的“Here you’ll explore Cape Flora and discover historic remains from three ill-fated arctic adventures.”可知，在这里您将探索佛罗拉角（Cape Flora）并从三场不幸的北极探险中发现历史遗迹，即您在第十和第十一天的时候可以发现历史遗迹。故选C项。
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了非洲野生动物基金会通过举办摄影大赛的方式促进野生动物保护。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“For the past 60 years, the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) has protected animals, restored lost habitats and advocated for policy changes that benefit wildlife. Now, the conservation organization is trying a new approach.(在过去的60年里，非洲野生动物基金会（AWF）一直在保护动物，恢复失去的栖息地，并倡导有利于野生动物的政策变化。现在，该保护组织正在尝试一种新的方法)”及第二段首句“This year, AWF launched the inaugural Benjamin Mkapa African Wildlife Photography Awards.(今年，AWF发起了首届Benjamin Mkapa非洲野生动物摄影奖)”可知，文章主要介绍了非洲野生动物基金会尝试通过举办野生动物摄影大赛的新颖方式来保护野生动物。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“While photography competitions are nothing new, the AWF hopes that the exhibition of winning entries will encourage African people to take a more active role in conservation.(虽然摄影比赛并不是什么新鲜事，但AWF希望获奖作品的展览将鼓励非洲人民在保护环境方面发挥更积极的作用)”可知，获奖作品将展出，以推广野生动物保护。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中““I realized there was a communication gap because most of what was being communicated was data in scientific publications,” said Onyango, adding that images are a simple way for people to connect to complex issues.(“我意识到存在沟通上的代沟，因为大多数被传播的都是科学出版物中的数据，”Onyango说，并补充说图像是让人们接触到复杂问题的一种简单方式)”可知，缺乏简单直接的方式来表达问题，所以导致了沟通上的代沟。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Sebunya hopes that the competition can open up a dialogue about conservation — and why it’s so important for Africa’s future.(Sebunya希望这场比赛可以开启一场关于保护的对话——以及为什么保护对非洲的未来如此重要)”可知，Sebunya对这次摄影大赛持赞赏态度。故选B项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了席卷全球的《俄罗斯方块》的由来及深远影响。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Alexey Pajitnov was a software engineer at the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow, tasked with testing a new type of computer. To do so, he wrote a simple game based on a puzzle from his childhood. (AlexeyPajitnov是莫斯科苏联科学院的软件工程师，负责测试一种新型计算机。为此，他根据童年的一个谜题编写了一个简单的游戏)”可知，Alexey Pajitnov开发Tetris的目的是评估一种新型的计算机。故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文““I couldn’t stop myself from playing this prototype version, because it was very addictive to put the shapes together,” he said on the phone from Seattle, where he now lives. (‘我无法阻止自己玩这个原型版本，因为把这些形状组合在一起很容易上瘾，’他在西雅图的电话中说，他现在住在那里)”可知，Alexey Pajitnov不能停止玩这款游戏，并且已经对游戏上瘾。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“Pajitnov本人立刻就被迷住了”，即hooked意为“对……上瘾”，与obsess同义。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Playing Tetris for prolonged periods of time can lead to players dreaming about the falling pieces or interpreting real-world objects as shapes in the game and mentally re-arranging them--a phenomenon known as “the Tetris Effect”. (长时间玩俄罗斯方块可能会导致玩家梦见掉落的碎片，或者在游戏中将现实世界中的物体解释为形状，并在心理上重新安排它们——这种现象被称为‘俄罗斯方块效应’)”可知，Tetris会让玩家梦到掉落的碎片。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的““With time going by, it hasn’t lost any of its play value and nothing has come to replace Tetris,” said Henk Rogers, a computer scientist, explaining the game’s enduring popularity.(计算机科学家Henk Rogers解释说：‘随着时间的推移，它并没有失去任何游戏价值，也没有什么可以取代俄罗斯方块。’)”和“There have been lots of songs that come and go, but Happy Birthday is always sung in the same way. (有很多歌曲来来去去，但《生日快乐》总是用同样的方式唱)”推知，提到生日快乐歌是为了表明Tetris和生日快乐歌一样受欢迎。故选B。
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了肥胖是否应该被视为一种疾病。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Obesity, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be adversely affected, meets the dictionary definition of disease, argues Professor John Wilding. (约翰·怀尔丁教授认为，肥胖是指体内多余的脂肪积累到一定程度，可能会对健康造成不利影响，符合字典对疾病的定义)”、“Recognizing obesity as a chronic disease with severe complications rather than a lifestyle choice “should help reduce the stigma and discrimination experienced by many people with obesity,” he adds.(他补充说，认识到肥胖是一种带有严重并发症的慢性疾病，而不是一种生活方式的选择，“应该有助于减少许多肥胖患者所经历的耻辱和歧视。”)”和第二段““But unless we accept that obesity is a disease, we are not going to be able to tackle it,” he concludes.(“但除非我们承认肥胖是一种疾病，否则我们将无法解决它，”他总结道)”可知，约翰·怀尔丁教授对肥胖的观点是，它应该被视为一种遗传疾病。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Yet the widespread view is that obesity is self-induced and that it is entirely the individual’s responsibility to do something about it. (然而，普遍的观点是，肥胖是自我诱发的，采取行动完全是个人的责任)”可知，人们对肥胖的普遍看法是，它是由于缺乏自我控制的结果。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Professor Wilding disagrees that labelling a high proportion of the population as having a disease removes personal responsibility or may overwhelm health services, pointing out that other common diseases, such as high blood pressure and diabetes, require people to take action to manage their condition.(怀尔丁教授不同意将很大一部分人口贴上疾病标签会使个人责任消失，或者可能使医疗服务不堪重负，他指出，其他常见疾病，如高血压和糖尿病，需要人们采取行动来控制自己的病情)”和最后一段“But labelling obesity as a disease “risks reducing autonomy, disempowering and robbing people of the intrinsic (内在的) motivation that is such an important enabler of change.” (但是，将肥胖列为一种疾病，“可能会降低人们的自主性，削弱人们的自主权，并剥夺人们内在的动力，而内在动力是推动改变的重要因素。”)”可推断，有些人反对给肥胖贴上疾病的标签，是因为肥胖的人不会觉得有责任采取任何行动。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But Dr. Richard Pile, a physician with a special interest in diabetes, argues that adopting this approach “could actually result in worse outcomes for individuals and society.” He believes that the dictionary definition of disease “is so vague that we can classify almost anything as a disease” and says the question is not whether we can, but whether we should, and to what end. (但对糖尿病有特殊兴趣的内科医生理查德·派尔认为，采用这种方法“实际上可能会给个人和社会带来更糟糕的结果。”他认为，词典对疾病的定义“如此模糊，以至于我们几乎可以把任何东西归类为疾病”。他说，问题不是我们是否可以，而是我们是否应该，以及目的是什么)”可推断，理查德·派尔医生认为将肥胖归类为疾病，这可能对病人没什么好处。故选A。
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. B 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章就如何打破吃糖的习惯给出了一些建议。
1. 上文“If you’re ‘hooked’ on sugar, don’t try to eliminate (消除) all sugary foods at once. If you deny yourself even a single piece of candy or sliver of cake, you’ll only crave sweets more. (如果你对糖‘上瘾’，不要试图一下子戒掉所有含糖的食物。如果你拒绝吃哪怕一块糖或一块蛋糕，你只会更渴望甜食。)”说明要想戒掉吃糖的习惯，直接拒绝吃糖效果不佳，选项C“相反，吃由更多令人满意的食物组成的健康饮食——全谷物，水果，蔬菜等。”承接上文，说明要想戒掉吃糖习惯，不是直接拒绝吃糖，而是吃更多健康饮食。故选C项。
2. 上文“‘Shift yourself away from sugar and eat these foods, which are digested more slowly. They’ll help to even out (平衡) your blood sugar and you won’t have spikes and crashes all the time,’ Dr. Hauser says. (‘远离糖，吃这些食物，它们消化得更慢。它们会帮助平衡你的血糖，你不会一直有峰值和低谷，’Hauser博士说。)”说明了要想戒掉吃糖习惯，应该吃一些健康饮食，平衡血糖，选项G“这里有一些建议可以帮助你打破吃糖的习惯。”承接上文，提出文章主题，引出下文，介绍一些可以帮助打破吃糖习惯的建议。故选G项。
3. 上文“Sweeten foods yourself. (自己给食物增加甜度)”建议自己做主给食物增加甜度，选项D“从不加糖的冰茶、原味酸奶和原味燕麦开始。”承接上文，具体介绍怎样控制食物的甜度，引出下文“Then add your own sweetener. (然后添加你自己的甜味剂。)”进一步介绍控制食物甜度的策略。故选D项。
4. 下文“Be wary of foods where sugar tends to hide, including reduced-fat products. (要警惕隐藏的含糖量高的食物，包括低脂食品。)”说明要当心隐藏的含糖量高的食物，选项B“注意食物中隐藏的糖分。”概括本段大意，建议注意食物中隐藏的糖分。选项中hidden sugars和下文中where sugar tends to hide语义相关。故选B项。
5. 上文“Eat breakfast. Start out your day with a filling, nutritious meals, so you’ll be less likely to give in to cravings. (吃早餐。以营养丰富的膳食开始你的一天，这样你就不太可能屈服于对食物的渴望。)”建议吃早餐，并说明了早餐的重要性，选项E“燕麦片、鸡蛋和水果都是不错的早餐选择。”承接上文，建议早餐吃些什么。选项中breakfast和上文词汇重叠，语义逻辑合理。故选E项。
【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. A
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Tilly从小失去了胳膊，运用假肢进行活动，后来与科技公司合作，为其他能力不同的人开发机器人手臂，帮助他们过上更好、更幸福的生活的故事。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在现实生活中，13岁的蒂莉•洛克也拥有像科幻电影里的这些机器人手臂。A. virtual虚拟的；B. real真的；C. automatic自动的；D. dreamy梦想中的。根据前文“The movie Alita: Battle Angel tells a story of a “bionic girl” with robotic arms and superhuman fighting powers.”可知，此处表示在真实生活中，故选B。
2. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：当她还是个孩子时，她因为脑膜炎，她失去了胳膊和脚趾尖。A. contrary to与……相反；B. due to因为；C. instead of代替；D. as to关于。根据后文“meningitis (脑膜炎)”可知，此处表示小时候患了脑膜炎从而导致残疾，故选B。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她还是个孩子时，她因为脑膜炎，她失去了胳膊和脚趾尖。A. baby婴儿，孩子；B. teenager青少年；C. adult成年人；D. schoolgirl女学生。根据后文“As she grew”可知，此处表示她小时候患了脑膜炎，故选A。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着她长大，妈妈尝试了让她戴各种各样的假肢。A. earn挣得；B. play玩；C. wear穿，戴；D. dress穿着。根据空后的“various prosthetics”可知，此处表示“穿、戴假肢”，故选C。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她三岁时，她获得了她的第一个电子手。A. normal正常的；B. secondhand二手的；C. wooden木制的；D. electric电子的。根据上文“Tilly Lockey also has robot arms.”可知，此处表示她装的电子手，故选D。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我不再使用他们，并且学会不用手做事情。A. stopped停止；B. finished完成；C. kept保持；D. enjoyed喜欢，欣赏。根据后文“learned to do things without hands”可知，此处表示作者不再使用电子手，故选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运地是，不久后，她就有了两只仿生手臂，很快她就掌握了使用手臂的方法。A. Logically符合逻辑地；B. Frequently频繁地；C. Fortunately幸运地是；D. Constantly不断地。根据后文“she’s got two bionic arms”可知，她获得了两只仿生手臂，这对她来说是很幸运的，故选C。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：幸运地是，不久后，她就有了两只仿生手臂，很快她就掌握了使用手臂的方法。A. demanded要求；B. mastered掌握；C. risked冒险；D. made制作。根据空后“the use of”可知，此处表示她掌握了仿生手臂的使用方法，故选B。
9. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：电影制作人提出为一个截肢者买一双叫做英雄臂的新手臂，看起来就像是电影里Alita的那对手臂一样。A. ask for要求；B. hold onto坚持；C. pick up捡起，拾起；D. pay for为……支付。根据后文“Tilly’s new arms came as a gift”可知，此处表示电影制作者为其付钱，作为礼物送给Tilly，故选D。
10. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：仿生肢已经存在了十年，但是英雄臂花费更少。A. however然而；B. and并且；C. but但是；D. or或者。此处空前“仿生肢已经出现了很多年”与空后“英雄臂花费少”之间为转折关系，且however需用逗号隔开，故选C。
11. 考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：它们也比之前出现的仿生肢更轻，更灵活。A. faster更快的；B. heavier更重的；C. prettier更好看的；D. lighter更轻的。根据后文“more agile (灵巧的)”可知，此处表示英雄臂更轻，从而更灵活，故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，比起之前那些设计的仿真手臂，为了掩盖失去手臂的事实，这些新的版本更像是机器手臂一样。A. regulations规章；B. versions版本；C. toys玩具；D. visions视觉。根据前文“unlike the limbs which were designed to look human and “hide” the fact a limb was missing,”可知，此处表示新设计出的英雄臂版本与之前的相比，故选B。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Tilly对于她新发现的技能很是满意。A. annoyed生气的；B. dissatisfied不满意的；C. pleased高兴的，满意的；D. concerned担心的。根据后文““I could do a lot before ______ hands, but it’s fun ______ things with the Hero Arms.”可知，此处表示Tilly对于安装英雄臂后很满意，故选C。
14. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：之前，没有手，我可以做很多事，但是用英雄臂处理事情很有趣。A. with用；B. beside在……旁边；C. by凭借；D. without没有。根据前文“and learned to do things without hands”可知，Tilly没有手也可以做很多事情，故选D。
15. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：之前没有手，我可以做很多事，但是用英雄臂处理事情很有趣。A. trying out试验，尝试；B. pointing out指出；C. working out解决，做；D. hanging out闲逛。根据此句中的“but it’s fun”可知，此处表示用英雄臂尝试着做事情更有趣，故选A。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以握住牙刷，梳头以及打游戏。A. consume吃，喝；B. transmit传送；C. grip握住；D. own拥有。根据空后的“a toothbrush”可知，此处表示握住牙刷刷牙，故选C。
17. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：在学校，每个人都想与我握手。A. her她；B. you你；C. them他们；D. me我。此句为作者自述的话，故此处表示作者说学校的人想要与“我”握手，故选D。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Payne说道：“如果孩子戴着一只钢铁侠的手去学校的话，他们是不会觉得不好的。相反，他们会觉得超级酷。” A. weakness缺点，不利；B. strength有点，好处；C. choice选择；D. solution解决方法。根据后文“hey have something that they feel super”可知，此处表示戴着钢铁侠的手去学校，是没有什么不好的地方的，故选A。
19. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Payne说道：“如果孩子戴着一只钢铁侠的手去学校的话，他们是不会觉得不好的。相反，他们会觉得超级酷。” A. simple简单的；B. cool酷的；C. formal正式的；D. cold冷的。根据前文“If kids go into school with an Iron Man hand”可知，戴着钢铁侠的手去学校，会是一件很酷的事情，故选B。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tilly现在正与科技公司合作，为其他能力不同的人开发机器人手臂。A. develop研发；B. control控制；C. attend参加；D. operate操控。根据上文“the tech company”以及后文“bionic arms for other differently-abled people.”可知，此处表示研发机器人手臂。故选A。
【答案】41. asked 42. a 43. found 44. to laugh 45. are 46. reaction 47. with 48. that 49. emotionally 50. enjoying
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了当被问及是什么让他们笑时，大多数成年人会告诉你是笑话和幽默。但他们错了。马里兰大学的心理学家罗伯特·普罗文不久前发现，我们在与朋友交谈时笑得最多。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及是什么让他们笑时，大多数成年人会告诉你是笑话和幽默。分析句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词，ask与逻辑主语most adults是被动关系。故填asked。
2. 考查冠词。句意：但他们错了，马里兰大学的一位心理学家罗伯特·普罗文不久前发现，我们在与朋友交谈时笑得最多。分析句意可知，此处泛指“一位心理学家”，应用不定冠词，psychologist是以辅音音素开头的词，应用a。故填a。
3. 考查动词时态。句意：但他们错了，马里兰大学的一位心理学家罗伯特·普罗文不久前发现，我们在与朋友交谈时笑得最多。分析句子结构可知，主语是Robert Provine，缺谓语，由ago可知，应用一般过去时。故填found。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，当我们和其他人在一起时，我们对某事发笑的可能性是其他人的30倍。固定搭配be likely to do“可能会做”。故填to laugh。
5. 考查动词时态。句意：有趣的是，在这些对话中，我们仍然不会因为笑话而笑；我们笑的是那些在他们看来一点也不有趣的言论和评论。句子描述的是目前的情况，应用一般现在时，主语是we。故填are。
6. 考查名词。句意：这是一种交流方式，而不是一种反应。分析句子结构可知，此处与a form of communication作并列表语，也应用名词，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填reaction。
7. 考查介词。句意：关于笑的科学告诉我们笑和笑话没有太大的联系。固定搭配be associated with“和……有联系”。故填with。
8. 考查宾语从句。句意：实际上，在更大程度上，这是一种社会行为，我们用来向人们展示我们喜欢他们，我们理解他们。分析句子结构可知，此处与前面“that we like them”作并列宾语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。
9. 考查副词。句意：笑是一种情绪，我们可以用它来和情感亲近的人相处，让自己感觉更好。此处修饰后面的形容词close，应用副词。故填emotionally。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这对我们享受快乐的心情至关重要——但当环境让我们感觉糟糕时，这可能更重要。分析句子结构可知，空前to是介词，应用动名词，与our构成动名词的复合结构。故填enjoying。
【答案】1. official→officially 2. Locating→Located 3. but→and 4. reach→reaches 5. peak→peaks 6. where→when 7. cool→cooler 8. 在Because后加of 9. like→as 10. 删除to
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。全文对1996年起被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录的庐山国家公园做了简介。
1. 考查副词。句意：它是中国官方命名的庐山国家公园。此处修饰动词named应该用副词形式。故将official改成officially。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：位于中国中部的九江，在全国享有盛誉。动词locate作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语it之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词。故将Locating改成Located。
3. 考查连词。句意：它大约25公里长，10公里宽，毗邻九江市和长江以北。此处描述庐山的山势特点，两个分句间存在并列关系，没有转折关系，应用and连接。故将but改为and。
4. 考查时态。句意：汉阳峰是最高峰，海拔1474米。本句中which引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Hanyang Peak，引导词在句中作主语，且本句描述一般事实，谓语动词应用一般现在时。故将reach改为reaches。
5. 考查名词。句意：它是矗立在云海之上的数百座陡峭山峰之一。one of后接可数名词的复数形式。故将peak改为peaks。
6. 考查定语从句。句意：庐山以其陡峭和美丽而闻名，尤其是在夏季，这里的天气比其他地方更凉爽。本句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为summer months，从句缺少时间状语，应用关系副词when引导该定语从句。故将where改为when。
7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：庐山以其陡峭和美丽而闻名，尤其是在夏季，这里的天气比其他地方更凉爽。由“than elsewhere”可知，此处表示大山里的天气比其他地方要凉爽一些，应用形容词比较级。故将cool改为cooler。
8. 考查介词。句意：由于其惊人的美丽和重要性，庐山国家公园从1996年起被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。因后面为名词短语its striking beauty and great importance，此处应用介词短语because of。because of后接名词或名词短语。故在Because后加of。
9. 考查介词。句意：由于其惊人的美丽和重要性，庐山国家公园从1996年起被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。此处应使用介词as，be listed as意为“被列为”。故将like改为as。
10. 考查动词。句意：你最好亲自去庐山观光。You’d better do…为常用句式，意为“你最好做……”，谓语动词应用原形。故删除to。
【答案】Dear Mrs Wang ,
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your unselfish assistance given to me during my preparation for the College Entrance Examination. Without your tremendous support and continuous encouragement, I would never enter my ideal college.
It goes without saying that it was your enlightening guidance that ushered me into the academic world. Otherwise, I would have wandered every day, holding no aims in life. For one thing, your care and love made me melt into the whole class, which brought dramatic changes to me. I started to reflect on the true essence of life and set goals to accomplish. For another, your help and support in my study unleashed the enormous potential inside me, which made me readily indulge in the sea of knowledge.
In a word, my appreciation to you is beyond words. It is really an honor for me to have been your student and I will always bear your guidance and scholar spirit in mind. Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇说面表达属于应用文。要求考生在毕业之际给老师写一封感谢信。表达对她/他给与你的帮助的感谢。
1. 词汇积累
诚挚的：sincere→genuine
无私的：unselfish→generous
持续不断的：continuous→continual
大量的：enormous→massive
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Without your tremendous support and continuous encouragement, I would never enter my ideal college.
拓展句：If there had not been your tremendous support and continuous encouragement, I would never enter my ideal college.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】For one thing, your care and love made me melt into the whole class, which brought dramatic changes to me.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to you for your unselfish assistance given to me during my preparation for the College Entrance Examination. (运用了非谓语动词作定语)