人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course巩固练习

Unit4 Adversity and Courage

Period 1Reading and Thinking课时练习

姓名：___________学号：_________得分：____________限时：45分

1. 单词填空。（每个1分，共10分）

1. We think this young man is not q_________________(符合资格的) to do this job.
2. I was so e_____________________(热情的)about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship
3. The system will automatically a______________(分派)an IP address to each device.
4. Little Tom and the sailors spent two months a________________(在船上).
5. Here we offer thousands of quality b________ (毯子)to suit various tastes or our buyers.
6. When he bought her a drink, she gave him a g________（真正的）, sweet smile or of thanks.

7. The report shows the Swiss are among the world’s top w________ （工资）earners.

8. Outside, a b________ （刺骨的；极冷的）wind was accompanied by heavy snow.

9. The c________ （船员）finally landed the plane on the wing on the runway.

10. Some countries e_________________(羡慕) us relying mainly on our own efforts in building our country.

【答案】

1. qualified  2. enthusiastic   3.assign  4. aboard  5.blankets

6. genuine  7. wage   8. bitter  9.screw   10. envied

Ⅱ .选词填空.(每个1分)

1. I was ________________ashamed when I realized what I had done hurt her so much.
2. Her attitude toward him was__________________________.

3. In the face of failure, we should________________ a good state of mind instead of being depressed.

4. But I'm afraid I'm going to have to ________________your offer，Mr. President.

5. Last month, the bad news about the company ________________a wave of selling its share.

【答案】1. well and truly   2. out of envy  3. keep up   4. turn down  5. set off

III．阅读理解。（每个2.5分）

Hot after “ smart email” comes “ digital wellness”, the umbrella term for trying to reduce our addiction to technology — and its bad effects on our health, productivity and politics— by means of that technology itself. One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up. Using fire to fight fire in this fashion is an appealing thought. And given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.

And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers(触发)in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest. However concerned for your wellbeing they might seem, Apple and Google need you to use their products. But it’s also funny, as the author Cal Newport explained on his blog. “ I’ m a grown man,” he wrote. “If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say,  ‘Just stop using it!’”

To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices. It closes off the idea of a more basic rejection of using them, which may be the right answer for us. More generally, it seems likely to weaken your self-discipline muscle, by giving the job of managing your time and attention to a third party.

1．What does the app seemingly want to do by displaying a tree?

A．To go after the design fashion of beauty.

B．To ask us to make full use of our phones.

C．To encourage us to protect the environment.

D．To remind us not to use digital devices too much.

2．What do digital wellness and bad reality TV shows have in common?

A．They both reveal the dark sides of society.

B．They are both self-contradictory in nature.

C．They are both popular among young people.

D．They both encourage us to reduce phone use.

3．What is Cal Newport’s attitude towards Forest?

A．Supportive.   B．Negative.   C．Objective.   D．Unclear.

4．What is the author’s suggestion for us?

A．Have someone monitor us strictly.

B．Use technology to keep healthy.

C．Refuse electronics simply.

D．Manage our time properly.

5．What does the author mainly talk about in the passage?

A．Effects of addiction to technology on people’s health.

B．The function of a popular app on our phones.

C．The real effectiveness of digital wellness.

D．Methods to ensure our digital wellness.

【答案】1--5．DBBCC

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了数字健康的真正功效旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。

1．推理判断题。根据第一段中One hugely popular app, Forest, displays a tree on your phone when you put it down, which then gradually begins to grow, and is only to die if you pick it back up.“一个非常流行的应用程序，Forest，当你放下手机时，它会在你的手机上显示一棵树，然后它会逐渐开始生长，只有当你拿起它的时候，它才会死去。”由此可知，通过显示一棵树，这个应用程序是为了提醒我们不要过度使用数码设备。故选D。

2．推理判断题。根据第二段中And yet, increasingly, digital wellness triggers in me a response aware of those kinds of things I meet in bad American reality TV shows. In the shows, some teenagers are sent to the Colorado wilderness to learn self-discipline through self- love. If you hate how much you use your phone, just stop using your phone so much! Relying on Big Tech to help you do so is a problem, for one thing, because of the obvious conflict of interest. “然而，越来越多的数字健康引发了我的一种反应，意识到我在糟糕的美国真人秀节目中遇到的那些事情。在节目中，一些青少年被送往科罗拉多荒野，通过自爱来学习自律。如果你不喜欢用手机，那就别再那么频繁地使用手机了!首先，依靠大型科技公司来帮助你解决问题是一个问题，因为存在明显的利益冲突。”由此可知，数字健康和糟糕的电视真人秀它们在本质上都是自相矛盾的。故选B。

3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“If I’m checking my phone every five minutes or playing video games instead of paying attention to my kids, I don't need an existence of a dying tree to help me toward better habits. I actually need someone I respect to knock the stupid thing out of my hand and say,  ‘Just stop using it!’” “如果我每隔五分钟就查看一下手机，或者玩电子游戏，而不是关注我的孩子，我不需要一棵快要枯死的树来帮助我养成更好的习惯。” 我真的需要一个我尊敬的人把我手里的东西敲掉，然后说，‘别再用它了!’”由此可知，Cal Newport对Forest的态度是“消极的”。故选B。

4．推理判断题。根据第一段中given the endless data these firms collect about how we use their products, nobody could be better placed to help us use them more healthily.“考虑到这些公司收集的关于我们如何使用他们产品的无穷无尽的数据，没有人能更好地帮助我们更健康地使用他们的产品。”由此可知，作者给我们的建议是拒绝电子产品。故选C。

5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中To put it differently: digital wellness aims to reduce your dependency on your devices—but at the cost of increasing your dependency on the corporations behind those devices.“换句话说: 数字健康旨在减少你对设备的依赖——但代价是增加你对这些设备背后的公司的依赖。”由此可知，作者在文中主要讲了数字健康的真正功效。故选C。

IV．完形填空（每个1分）

  Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The    1    is obvious. If we    2    it is a door, they’ll want to go outside    3   . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the    4   . But our insisting it’s    5    a window has kept them from    6    millions of requests to open the door.

I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll    7    and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a    8   .

I wonder if    9    should always tell the truth no matter the    10   . I have a very strong      11    that the lie we’re telling is doing    12    damage to our children. Windows and doors have    13    metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in    14    they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and    15    opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just    16    it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂What if it isn’t a    17    opportunity?＂

Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the    18    is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just    19    repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real or metaphorical, they won’t    20    to open them and walk through.

1．A．relief B．target C．reason D．case

2．A．admit B．believe C．mean D．realize

3．A．gradually B．constantly C．temporarily D．casually

4．A．result B．danger C．method D．truth

5．A．merely B．slightly C．hardly D．partly

6．A．reviewing B．approving C．receiving D．attempting

7．A．win out B．give up C．wake up D．stand out

8．A．dream B．lie C．fantasy D．fact

9．A．parents B．twins C．colleagues D．teachers

10．A．restrictions B．explanations C．differences D．consequences

11．A．demand B．fear C．desire D．doubt

12．A．physical B．biological C．spiritual D．behavioral

13．A．traditional B．important C．double D．original

14．A．life B．time C．reply D．history

15．A．by comparison with B．in addition to C．regardless of D．instead of

16．A．get hold of B．stare at C．knock on D．make use of

17．A．real B．typical C．similar D．limited

18．A．safety rule B．comfort zone C．bottom line D．top secret

19．A．delay B．regret C．enjoy D．accept

20．A．hurry B．decide C．hesitate D．intend

【答案】1--5．CABDA  6—10.DCBAD   11--15BCBAD  16--20BACDC

【分析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。

1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情况。根据下文If we  it is a door, they'll want to go outside_.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。

2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B. believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。

3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_ repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。

4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s___ a window has kept them from ______ millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。

5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。

6．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾；B. approving赞成；C. receiving收到；D. attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。

7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a ___ .可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。

8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故选B。

9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B. twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。

10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B. explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside____.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。

11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing ___  damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。

12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。

13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。

14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B. time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when

they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。

15．考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。

16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。

17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B. typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。故选A。

18．考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。

20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。