牛津上海版九年级上册 Unit5 The human brain语法综合讲解与复习

U5 The human brain语法综合

一、专题导入

二、专题详解

◆状语从句基本知识

1、概念

I study hard in the library. (修饰动词)

She is very beautiful.（修饰形容词）

He speaks English very well. (修饰副词)

Please come here tomorrow.（修饰整个句子）

I studied very hard when I was in grade 9. (when引导的句子表时间，修饰前面的句子)

If you study hard, you may pass the exam. (If引导的句子表条件，修饰后面的句子)

由以上例句可见：

状语相当于副词，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、地点、程度等；

状语从句是在复合句中充当状语的一个句子，用来表示主句动作发生的时间、地点、原因、条件等。

2、分类

(1)     When the cat is away, the mice will play. 山中无老虎，猴子称大王。

(2)     Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

(3)     If you venture nothing, you will have nothing. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

(4)     Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。

(5)     I studies hard because I want to be admitted to Shanghai High School. 我努力学习因为我想被上海中学录取

(6)     I studies hard so that I can be admitted to Shanghai High School. 我努力学习因为我想被上海中学录取

(7)     I studied so hard those days that I was admitted to Shanghai High School finally. 那些日子我学得如此努力，最终我被上海大学录取了。

(8)     Though he studied hard, he failed to pass the exam. 尽管他学得很努力，他还是没通过考试。

(9)     The work didn’t go so smoothly as we expected. 这项工作不像我们预期的那样进展顺利。

由以上例句可见，

状语从句可分为：

◆条件状语从句

if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件，作主句的条件状语，因此称为条件状语从句。译为“假如，如果”。

e.g. You will never win if you lose you heart.

If you cool water, it turns into ice.

if引导的条件状语从句位置灵活：

可置于主句之前，此时需用逗号将主从句隔开；也可置于主句之后，此时不用逗号。

1、主句动作/状态是确切结果的条件状语从句

当条件状语从句所表示的动作发生后，顺推可知，一定会引出主句所表示的动作/状态，则主从句时态遵循一致原则，通常为主现从现。

e.g. If you do not give plants water, they die.

   If you plants seeds in soil, they grow.

   If you take a fish out of water, it dies. 如果把鱼从水里抓出来，它会死。

2、主句动作/状态是可能结果的条件状语从句

当条件状语从句所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作/状态不确定，则主从句时态遵循：主将从现、主情从现、主祈从现、主过从过

e.g. If you don’t get up right now, You will be late for school. 如果你不马上起床, 你上学就要迟到了。

   You can understand what I’m saying if you listen to me clearly. 如果你仔细听，你会听懂我在说什么的。

   If we want light, we must conquer darkness. 我们若想要光明，就得征服黑暗。

   If love between the two can last for long, why need they stay together day and night. 两情若是长久时，又岂在朝朝暮暮。

   Don’t get so close to the TV if you want to protect your eyes. 如果你想保护你的眼睛，就不要离电视那么近。

   If he was tired, he had a short rest. 每当累了，他就休息一会儿。

3、if...not与unless的句型转换

if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”= if...not.

e.g. You will miss the last bus if you don’t set off now. 如果你不马上出发，你就要错过最后一趟巴士了。

  = You will miss the last bus unless you set off now.

If he doesn’t come before 12 o’clock, we won’t wait for him. 如果他12点前不来，我们就不等他了。

  =We won’t wait for him unless he come before 12 o’clock.

    We will lend him the money if he don’t break his promise. 如果他不违背诺言，我们就把钱借给他。

= We will lend him the money unless he keep his promise.

 【练一练】

1. We will have no water to drink __________ we don't protect the earth.

A. until            B. before            C. though            D. if

2. --May I surf the Internet now?

--No,__________ you have finished doing the dishes.

A. unless             B. if                C. because           D. when

3. I usually sleep with the window open__________ it's very cold.

A. until              B. unless             C. as                D. if   

4. We won't wait for you__________ you come here on time.

A. if                 B. unless             C. when             D. till

5. I don't know if he__________ tomorrow. If he __________, I'll tell you.

A. will come;  comes                       B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes                           D. comes; will come

6. You __________fail if you __________study hard.

A. may; won't           B. will; won't            C. will; don't          D. may; /

【keys】1-6 DABBAC

课堂练习

1. Find the adverbial clauses. （找出下列书面表达中的状语从句）

关于上海的变化  1. Great changes in Shanghai 

  With the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in Shanghai.

  When I was young, there used to be narrow bridges, roads and houses in Shanghai. But now, we can find big bridges, wide roads as well as high buildings everywhere. People live in Shanghai used to live in small houses in narrow streets, but now most of them are living in big and comfortable apartments. What’s more, we can see grass, lakes and parks here and there. To our great joy , the 2010 World Expo was held in Shanghai as well.

  As a shanghainese, I am pound of all these changes .We are sure Shanghai will have a bright future.

关于学校生活  2. Our school life  

  Our school life is very colorful. They are many hobby groups in our school, such as singing group, dancing group, science group and so on. We can learn a lot by joining these groups. For example, we hold a Singing Festival in May. We can enjoy ourselves by singing. It’s so interesting that everyone likes it very much. We also have a sports meeting in October. It always makes us excited. Sometimes we even have friendly matches with other schools. What an enjoyable school life we have!

关于网上购物  3. Shopping on the internet

  Nowadays, shopping on the internet has become a new way of shopping. Indeed, it offers people a lot of advantages. So I prefer to do some shopping on the internet. For one thing, it is convenient because the online shops are open 24 hours a day and we don’t have to queue. For the other thing, it is often cheaper to buy goods on the Internet and it is also easy to find out what we want. Additionally, we can save a lot of time. Isn’t it great to do shopping on the Internet?

关于学习4. My way of Learning English 

  As we all know, English is one of the most important language in the world. So it’s important for us to learn it. Then how can we it well? In my opinion, the best way to learn English is to do more listening, speaking, reading and writing. What’s more, we should practice these skills every day. Of course, interest is the best teacher. The more we learn, the more interesting and helpful we’ll find English. As the saying goes, “Practice makes perfect.”

关于节日  5. The Spring Festival 

  As we all know, the Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. On the New Year’s Eve, families always get together and have a big dinner. Many people like to set off firecracker. People also eat dumping --- a kind of traditional Chinese food. Especially, children like the festival very much because they can not only have delicious food, wear new clothes but also receive red packets from their parents or their elders. It is said that the money in the red packets will bring children good luck. Chinese people have a good time during the festival.

关于保护环境  6. Environment around us  

  The environment is very important to us. We need the fresh air, the clean water and so on. There used to be many trees around us, the air was fresh and the river was clean. But now, people cut down too many trees and the environment around us becomes worse and worse. So as students, we should try to protect our environment. First of all, we should plant as many trees as possible. Second, we should ride bikes or walk to school instead of taking buses or cars. Third, we shouldn’t use plastic bags. In a word, if everyone knows the importance of environment protection, we’ll have a green world.

关于电脑   7. My view on computer  

  With the development of science and technology, computers are playing more and more important roles in our daily life. They can do most of the things people can do. By using computers, we can gain huge amount of knowledge and information, especially, computers have made the communication with our friends and relatives more convenient and easier. But some students are so keen on playing games online that they even don’t want to go to school. I don't think it is right. In my opinion, we should make good use of computers.

关于出国   8. Is it helping to study abroad   

  In recent years, more and more students in China go abroad for their further studies. Most Chinese people think it is helpful to story abroad. But I don’t think so. For one TOEFL or GRE, and this will surely waste us plenty of money and time. In addition, if we study home, we can stay with our family and friends, and we can study in a more friendly environment. In a word, I prefer to study home.

2. Choose the best answer. (选择正确的答案填空)

1. Hurry up, _______ we will miss the train

A. but B. and  C. or  D. so

2. What shall we do _______ it rains tomorrow?

A.if  B. when  C. since  D. after

3. I can't understand this passage _______ there are no new words in it.

A. if  B. because C. though D. and

4. The doctor didn't have a rest _______ the operation was over.

A. before  B. after  C. until  D. since

5. Lucy has seen the film, _______ Lily hasn't.

A. an B. or  C. but  D. So

6. -I've had enough bread. Would you like _______ ?   - No, thanks

A. a few more  B. one more C. another more   D. some more

7. 30, 000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it's _______ than we need.

A. far more  B. very much  C. far less  D. very little

8. He said he had nothing _______ say.

A. more  B. farther C. less   D. any most

9. The weather of Shanghai is much better than _______.

A. Beijing  B. in Beijing C. that of Beijing D. those of Beijing

10. _______ expensive petrol becomes, _______ people drive.

A. The more. the more  B. The less. the more

C. The less, the less   D. The more. the less

11. I hear _______ easy.

A. that physics isn't   B. if physics isn’t

C. what physics is   D. that physics

12. Do you know _______ to that post office?

A. how much is it   B. how far it is

C. how far is it   D. how long it is

13. I didn't t know _______ in the classroom.

A. is she B. if she is C. if was she D. if she was

14. I’m not sure _______ this way.

A. the word can be used            B. if can the word be used

C. if the word can be used            D. that the word can be used

III. Reading Comprehension.

1. Choose the best answer. (选择正确的答案填空)

     Reading newspapers has become an important part of everyday life. Some people read newspapers as the first thing to do in the morning. Others read newspapers as soon as they have free time during the day so that they can learn what is happening in the world.

     Sometimes,we do not have enough time to read all the news carefully, so we just take a quick look at the front page. At other times,we may be in such a hurry that we only have a few minutes to look at the headlines of the passage .

     Newspapers can be found everywhere in the world.We can get many different kinds of newspapers in big cities,but in some mountain villages we can see few newspapers.

     Some newspapers are published (也版) once a week,but most of the papers are published once a day with many pages,some even published twice a day!You know different people enjoy reading different newspapers.Some like world news, and others prefer short stories.They just choose what they are interested in.

     Today newspapers in English have the largest numbers of readers in the world. The English language is so popular that many Chinese students are reading English newspapers such as China Daily or 2lst Century. Also they bring us more and more information with Internet.

1. People read newspapers in order to _____.

A. learn the latest news            B. meet their own different needs

C. read the short stories            D. find the morning news

2. From the passage we can see that_____when people get newspapers.

A. they read them very carefully     B. they just read the headlines

C. not everyone reads all the pages   D. they have no time to read them

3. Newspapers have so many pages because_____.

A. more and more people like to read them

B. people enjoy reading something different

C. newspapers become cheaper

D. more pages mean more money

4. Newspapers_____are the most popular in the world.

A. in English                B. in Chinese

C. in other language          D. in the many pages

5. According to the passage, besides newspapers, people also get information from_____.

A. magazines    B. advertisements     C. e-mails     D. Internet

 C. fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）

Fifteen years ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest

checking out of our Polynesian Village resort（度假胜地）at Walt Disney was asked how she

e___81___ her visit. She told the front-desk clerk she had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken

about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not net developed（冲洗）. At that moment

she was particularly s___82___ over the loss of the pictures she had taken at the show, at this was a

memory she especially treasured.

   In fact, there are no written rules covering lost photos in the park. L___83___, the clerk at the

front desk understood Disney’s idea of loving our guests. She asked the woman to leave her a couple

rolls of unused film, and then she p___84___ to take some photos for them. Two weeks later the

guest received a packet at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of the show, personally signed

by each performer. There were also pictures of the public procession（游行队伍）and fireworks in

the park. These photos were taken by the clerk in her own time after work. I happened to know this

s___85___ because this guest wrote us a letter to express her thanks.

   Excellent s___86___ does not come from policy（政策性的）handbooks. It comes from people

who c___87___--and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.

Keys:

课堂练习

1. （题中）

II. 1-5 CACCC  6-10 DCACB  11-14 ABDC

III. A: 1-5  BCBAD

C: 81. enjoyed 82. sad 83. Luckily 84. promised   85. story 86. service 87. care

88. No, they weren’t

89. They would lose interest in their toys.

90. Girls were paying more and more attention to their appearance.

91.They moved to show their children a different and simpler life.

92. They always accept their new life, and think about things like the water shortage and electricity cuts in certain areas.

93. 合理即可