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高中英语必修一 北京市丰台区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题
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这是一份高中英语必修一 北京市丰台区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末英语试题，共24页。试卷主要包含了语法填空，完形填空，阅读理解，阅读回答问题，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2019北京丰台区高一（上）期末
英语试题
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
从各题A, B, C三个选项中，选出可以填人空自处的最佳答案。
The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School. Here it___1___the state competition. I waited backstage for the host to announce____2____name.
___3___I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous. My heart was thumping，my palms___4___，and my mouth was dry.“Calm down，”I told myself. Still，picturing an audience of teachers，parents and classmates made me want_____5_____totally.
Mr. Patrick，___6___taught me to give speeches，reminded me，“You'll do great. You're prepared. You've come this far.”
Mr. Patrick was right. I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests. Yet，when I pictured____9____eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.
“You____10____back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”
1. A. was B. is C. have been
2. A. My B. me C. mine
3. A. As long as B. even though C. ever since
4. A. will sweat B. had sweat C. were sweating
5. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappear
6. A. who B. which C. when
7. A. to B. at C. for
8. A. early B. earlier C. earliest
9. A. either B. both C. all
10. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mightn’t
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者代表麦迪逊中学赢得了当地演讲比赛。作者回忆当时比赛时的情景。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：这是州际比赛。根据上文The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School.可知此处指的是过去的事情，句子用一般过去时态，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我在后台等着主持人宣布我的名字。修饰名词name用形容词性物主代词，结合句意可知答案为A。
【3题详解】
考查状语从句。A. As long as只要； B. even though即使； C. ever since从那时起。根据___3___I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous.可知，即使我练习很多，但是我非常紧张。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句，故选B。
4题详解】
考查时态。根据My heart was thumping，my palms___4___，and my mouth was dry.可知，我的心怦怦地跳，我的手心出汗，我的嘴是干燥。句子用进行时态，故选C。
【5题详解】
考查固定搭配。固定搭配：want to do sth.“想做某事”，故选B。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。此处Mr. Patrick是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用who，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查固定词组。根据I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。固定词组：be ready for“为------做准备”，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查句意理解。根据I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。此处指以前的比赛，故选B。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词。A. either两者之一； B. both两个都；C. all全部，所有。根据Yet，when I pictured____9____eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.可知，然而，当我想象所有的目光在我身上等着我陷入困境，我的心逐渐平静下来。此处指“所有目光”，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。A. needn’t 不必； B. can’t不可能； C. mightn’t可能不会。根据“You____10____back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”可知，当主持人Mr.Nichols宣布我的名字，我演讲的题目，“我的英雄”时，我告诉自己“你现在不能退出,”故选B。
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A， B， C， D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Wonderful Christmas Gift
Ann and her mother had lived in a small cottage. Christmas was so close，and so was her birthday.
Ann wished she could get a new___11___with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift All her friends would be getting new dresses.____12____Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that. She knew how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet. Maybe she could make a____13____maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.
It was not just gift that____14____Ann. It was her mother. Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out.
The days passed and soon it was Christmas Eve.In everyone's house，except Ann's ,a Christmas tree adorned(装饰)the living room. In the____15____there hung the baked cakes and turkey. But____16____lovely was being cooked in Ann's house. Every child went to bed eagerly waiting for the lovely gifts that he or she would ___17___the next day. Ann went to bed with a___18___heart.She knew that there would be no gifts for her.
Ann wished with her whole heart that at least this time she would get a gift from Santa Claus. Ann slowly drifted off to sleep. She dreamt of Santa riding in the snow on his reindeers.
Ring.…Ring.…Ann jumped，hearing alarm.
She suddenly remembered that it was Christmas morning. Without much hope she looked ____19____there were any gifts for her.Wonder of wonders!There lay a beautiful packet tied with a red ribbon.
Ann excitedly opened the package. It was a pretty white dress with attractive lace. She ____20____the gift carefully to find out who gave it to her. Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann_____21_____started to read the note.
“Dear Ann，
This dress is given to you as a____22____ for being a good girl. Hope you continue to do good things and help your mother.
Your Loving friend，
Santa Claus"
Ann felt that there was something familiar about this note. She looked into the note carefully. Then it____23____ her. It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. Ann was happy ____24____words. She knew that she was the____25____girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.
11. A. dress B. book C. bike D. watch
12. A. So B. But C. And D. Or
13. A. change B. plan C. mistake D. wish
14. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. disappointed
15. A. bedrooms B. restrooms C. kitchens D. bathrooms
16. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
17. A. make B. send C. receive D. buy
18. A. hard B. big C. warm D. heavy
19. A. if B. how C. why D. when
20. A. refused B. checked C. passed D. painted
21. A. finally B. carefully C. gradually D. eagerly
22. A. test B. lesson C. game D. prize
23. A. struck B. hurt C. satisfied D. encouraged
24. A. in B. without C. over D. beyond
25. A. stubborn B. hard-working C. fortunate D. crazy.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。安和妈妈相依为命，勉强维持生计。而在圣诞节的时候安收到一件自己梦寐以求的礼物。
【11题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. dress连衣裙；B. book 书；C. bike自行车；D. watch手表。根据下句中的new dresses 可知，Ann wished she could get a new___1___with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift.安希望她能得到一件有花边的新连衣裙，作为一件极好的圣诞礼物。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查并列连词。A. So 所以； B. But 但是； C. And和； D. Or或者。她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. change变化； B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. wish希望，愿望。根据Maybe she could make a___3___maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.可知，也许她可以希望圣诞老人会来的，虽然她知道圣诞老人是一个虚构的人物。make a wish“有一个愿望”。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. surprised感到吃惊；B. worried 担忧；C. pleased感到高兴；D. disappointed感到失望。根据Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out. 可知妈妈加班非常疲惫，安担心的不只是礼物。她担心的是她妈妈。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. bedrooms卧室； B. restrooms 洗手间； C. kitchens 厨房；D. bathrooms浴室。根据there hung the baked cakes and turkey.可知，厨房里挂着烤好的蛋糕和火鸡。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。A. nothing什么也没有； B. something某事；C. anything 任何事情；D. everything每件事情。根据上文how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet.可知，安和母亲过着清贫的生活，买不起好吃的和新衣服，安的房子里没有什么好吃的。此处but表示与上句对比，故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. make制造； B. send发送；C. receive 收到； D. buy买。 此处指每个孩子都急切地上床睡觉，等待着第二天收到可爱的礼物。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. hard努力的；B. big大的；C. warm温暖的；D. heavy沉重的。根据She knew that there would be no gifts for her.可知，安心情沉重地上床睡觉。她知道不会有礼物送给她。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。A. if 是否； B. how 如何； C. why 为什么； D. when什么时候。根据Without much hope she looked____9____there were any gifts for her.可知，她不抱多大希望地看了看是否有什么礼物送给她。此处是if引导的宾语从句，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. refused拒绝； B. checked 核对；C. passed 经过； D. painted油漆。她仔细检查了礼物，想知道是谁送给她的。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. finally最后； B. carefully仔细地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. eagerly热切地。根据Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann____11____started to read the note.可知，突然，一张小纸片从里面掉了出来。安急切地开始看那张便条。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. test测试； B. lesson功课；C. game游戏； D. prize奖品。根据纸条上的内容可知，这条裙子是给安作为一个好女孩的奖品。希望她继续做善事，帮助母亲。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. struck打击；B. hurt 使受伤；C. satisfied使满意； D. encouraged鼓励。她仔细地看了看那张便条。然后她突然想到了是谁送的礼物。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查介词。根据It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. 可知，是她妈妈为了攒钱加班买了这件昂贵的礼物。安高兴得说不出话来。超出了语言表达，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. stubborn顽强的； B. hard-working勤劳的；C. fortunate幸运的； D. crazy疯狂的。根据She knew that she was the___15___girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.可知，她知道她是一个幸运的女孩，因为她有这样一位了不起的母亲，这是一个了不起的圣诞礼物。故选C。
【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第2小题，根据____2____Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that.可知，她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈要。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。
三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A
Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature's recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs，the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌).Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾);it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years，however，many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was.This has caused chemical changes to sea water.Some sea animals，like snails，are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品).This is another problem.Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs!They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells.The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry，but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe.Too small would be uncomfortable，and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
26. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?
A. In different old seashells. B. Behind the waste they'll eat.
C. In their own thin outer shells. D. Under the stones at the seashore.
27. According to the passage，what should be put in the webs?
A. The methods to recycle the wastes. B. The ways to help the hermit crabs.
C. The materials of seashells. D. The designs of websites.
28. What does the underlined word“fake" in Para. 3 mean?
A. man-made B. perfect
C. hard D. comfortable
29. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Project Shelter Group. B. The shortage of the seashell.
C. New homes for hermit crabs. D. The recyclers of the nature.
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是寄居蟹生存的贝壳越来越少是现状及人类努力为它们建的新家。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells.可知，寄居蟹在不同的古老贝壳中安身。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。文章结构是先提出问题——寄居蟹的家园日益减少；然后分析原因；下面就应该是想办法解决问题。根据第三段中Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.可知，“帮助寄居蟹的方法”应该被放在框架里。故选B。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.“例如,一个叫做Project Shelter组织邀请访问过他们网站的人们为隐士蟹壳创建不同的设计。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.“有些人甚至制作假贝壳，希望寄居蟹会喜欢。”“fake”的意思是“假的，人造的”。故选A。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
B
Benito Juarez，a poor Indian boy，was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818.Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca，high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people，Benito didn't know what they were saying.
First，Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman，Serer Maza. Soon，he went to work for Antonio Salanueva ,a church(教会)librarian.Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper.Antonio loved to teach.Benito soon became his student as well as his servant.With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.
At that time in Mexico，many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn.Antonio knew that was not true.Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(传教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact，churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico，however，the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.
Benito was a good and bright student，so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821，when Benito was fifteen，Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.
Benito became a student at the college.His studies were difficult，and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there.He succeeded in spite of these challenges.Later，as the laws changed，Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.
Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French，who tried to rule Mexico，and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.
30. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca，he_______.
A. lost touch with his family B. got the language problem
C. studied in a church library D. lived in the mountain
31. According to the passage，Antonio was a_______.
A. good teacher B. rich gentleman
C. strict housekeeper D. helpful villager
32. In Mexico，many Indian children couldn't get an education，because_______.
A. they were less smart B. there were not enough schools
C. there were too many native people D. they were too poor to go to school
33. What should be put into the timeline?
A. Became a lawyer. B. Attended a public college.
C. Be the only Indian student. D. Elected to be the President.
34. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. A young student in Mexico. B. Fighting for the rights.
C. A bright Mexican educator. D. Born to be a servant.
【答案】30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Benito在墨西哥求学，上大学，成为墨西哥总统的经历。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people，Benito didn't know what they were saying.可知，当贝尼托第一次抵达城市瓦哈卡时，他遇到了语言问题。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. ---With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.和第四段Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.可知，根据短文,安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools.可知，在墨西哥,印度许多孩子不能接受教育,因为没有足够的学校。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872.可知，1861年“被选为总统”应该被放在大事年表中。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Benito Juarez，a poor Indian boy，was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818.---倒数第二段Benito became a student at the college.His studies were difficult，and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there.He succeeded in spite of these challenges.Later，as the laws changed，Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.以及最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872.可知，本文讲述了一个印第安学生在墨西哥求学的经历。故选A。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. ---With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.和第四段中Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.可知，根据短文,安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
C
Fishy Weather Conditions
Laj amanu，Australia，is a dry little town，sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagines How surprised were people when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloudy.It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras.
How do clouds make fishy.The simple answer is that they don't.There is a particular weather phenomenon(现象)called a waterspout.A waterspout is just like a tornado，only it forms above oceans，lakes，or rivers.Like a tornado，a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds.When it moves above the water，it tends to carry the fish with it，as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.
Scientists couldn't work it out at first. To make matters stranger still，the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground，but they were all blind.In England and Australia，it rained fish and snakes，and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out，but the blind fish gave them a place to start.
Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep，underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras，scientists began to connect some dots.Clearly，these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force.
It has rained fish on every continent，and each time，people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon.Historically，villagers thought the“fishes from the heavens”might be answers to prayers for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans，leaving the fish on the city streets.No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred，only the fish left on the ground.But in 1990，a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.
This huge breakthrough wasn't just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time.It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.
35. According to the passage，a waterspout__________ .
A. can make animals blind B. is difficult to catch on film
C. can carry items with it D. is a dangerous sea creature
36. The blind fish made the scientists start to think that__________ .
A. raining fish was a warning of natural disasters
B. animals changed to match their environments
C. the weather system differed from place to place
D. the waterspout theory seemed more possible
37. From Para. 5 and 6，we can learn__________ .
A. how species in the area changed over time
B. the importance of finding the truth behind the event
C. that the discovery cleared up many different scientific theories
D. how the understanding of waterspouts affected other areas of science
38. The underlined sentence in last Para. probably suggests that__________ .
A. waterspouts came to be a center of scientific research
B. the scientists were fortunate to have made their discoveries
C. hard work went into determining the cause for the raining fish
D. the scientists relied heavily on unusual events to drive their studies
39. The author writes the passage to__________ .
A. describe the magic phenomenon
B. explain what caused the fishy weather
C. persuade people to protect the environment
D. encourage people to do scientific research
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了可疑的天气状况，“为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的的天气”。 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好，而且它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事，为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中When it moves above the water，it tends to carry the fish with it，as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.可知，根据短文，水上龙卷风可能携带水里的一些动物。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句It was difficult to puzzle out，but the blind fish gave them a place to start.可知，盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.和第六段最后一句It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time.It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.可知，从第五段和第六段我们可以了解到事件背后真相的重要性。故选B。
【38题详解】
句意猜测题。根据最后一段中This huge breakthrough wasn't just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好。它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事，为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。由此可知，划线句子表明，取得成果靠的不是运气，而是人们努力的结果。故选C。
【39题详解】
目的意图题。纵观全文，特别是第一段中How surprised were people when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloudy.和It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.及下文的研究和结论可知，作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气。故选B。
四、阅读回答问题（共4小题，8分）
根据短文内容，回答问题，补全信息。
The Youngest Skier To The South Pole
On Friday December 9t"，a 16-year-old skier，Ameba Hempleman-Adams reached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17 nights on the ice. On the final day they skied 14 miles and afterwards Ameba said she felt“elated and tired" on reaching the South Pole.
“The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food.The best bit has been experiencing what Dad does on expeditions(探险).It's the first time I've been on a difficult long journey with him and now I know what it's like.The trip brought me closer to Dad，but I also had to put up with his snoring(鼾声)which was terrible.’， She added，“Would I do it again? I'm not sure. I'll have to think about that after a few nights' sleep!At times it's been really hard:I've got aching shoulders，and my back's been sore from pulling my sledge(雪橇)，I've got blisters(水泡)on my feet from the boots and I've got a cold burn on my nose from my sunglasses. ____43___ ”
She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breathtaking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape.“I've really missed my friends while I've been away and want to thank them for all their messages of support.”
Friends and relatives who posted comments on Ameba's expedition website paid tribute(致敬)to her positive attitude which , they said ,would be an inspiration to others.
Her father，David，said“Ameba has done amazing well. I'm proud of her.She showed real determination. She was tough and she pulled her sledge the whole way. It was a special experience to share those 97 miles with her.”
40. Who is Ameba Hempleman-Adams?
41. What biggest challenges did she meet during the trip?
42. What kind of person do you think Ameba is?Give at least one reason.
43. Choose and copy the complete sentence that should be filled in the blank.
A Except for those，it's been a really good journey.
B As a result，I had to give it up to go any further.
C Therefore，the only person I could care about was my father.
【答案】40. A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.
41. The freezing cold and eating only dried food.
42. She is determined because she overcame all kinds of difficulties on her trip.
43. A Except for those, it’s been a really good journey.
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了到南极最年轻的滑雪者，年仅16岁的Ameba Hempleman-Adams。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句On Friday December 9t"，a 16-year-old skier，Ameba Hempleman-Adams reached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17 nights on the ice.可知，Ameba Hempleman-Adams A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.故答案为A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food.可知，她在旅行中遇到的最大挑战是“寒冷刺骨，只吃干的食物。”故答案为The freezing cold and eating only dried food.
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ameba has done amazing well. I'm proud of her.She showed real determination.可知，她意志坚定，因为她在旅途中克服了各种困难。故答案为She is determined because she overcame all kinds of difficulties on her trip.
【43题详解】
推理判断题。上文描述旅行中遇到的各种困难，倒数第三段She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breathtaking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape. 介绍这趟旅程的收获，A 项Except for those，it's been a really good journey.“除了这些,这是一个很好的旅程。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A.
五
选词填空，并翻译划线句子
A Night The Earth Didn't Sleep
On July 28，1976，a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan in northeastern China. The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.
In a village outside of Tangshan，well water rose and fell three times the day before the earthquake.Water pipes throughout the area cracked and ____44____ .Animals also gave a warning that something was about to happen.Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran around looking for a place to ____45____ .A goldfish began jumping wildly in its bowl. Stranger Indeed.Many people reported seeing strange lights as well as hearing ____46____，which was described as louder than that of an airplane.
At 3:42 a. m. on July 28，over a million people lay sleeping. As the earth began to shake，it seemed as if the world was ____47____.One-third of the nation felt it.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ____48____.Two-thirds of people died or were ____49____during the earthquake.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals，75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. ____50____ were faced with no water，no food，and no electricity.People were shocked.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the ____51____workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150, 000 soldiers and thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to ____52____ those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built ____53____ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane. Though it took time，the entire city was rebuilt，earning Tangshan the name“Brave City of China.”
The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000 people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.
______________________________________54______________________________________
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
______________________________________55______________________________________
【答案】44. burst
45. hide 46. loud sounds
47. at an end
48. ruins 49. injured
50. Survivors
51. rescue 52. dig out
53. shelters
54. 在这场大地震中有超过24万人丧生，这是二十世纪最严重的一次地震。
55. 所见之处，损毁殆尽。
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。地球不眠的一个夜晚——文章讲述了1976年的唐山大地震。
【44题详解】
根据Water pipes throughout the area cracked and ____1____ .可知，整个地区的水管都破裂了。此处用一般过去时态，故答案为burst。
【45题详解】
根据Mice ran around looking for a place to ____2____ .可知，老鼠到处跑，想找个地方躲起来。此处是动词不定式结构，故答案为hide。
【46题详解】
根据Many people reported seeing strange lights as well as hearing ____3____，which was described as louder than that of an airplane.可知，许多人报告说看到奇怪的光线以及听到很大的声音,这是形容声音比一架飞机还大。结合句意可可知答案为loud sounds
【47题详解】
根据As the earth began to shake，it seemed as if the world was ____4____.可知，大地开始摇晃,好像世界要结束了。at an end “结束”，故答案为at an end。
【48题详解】
根据In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ____5____.可知，在可怕的十五秒钟内，一座大城市变成了废墟。in ruins“成为废墟”，故答案为ruins。
【49题详解】
根据Two-thirds of people died or were ____6____during the earthquake.可知，三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。结合句意可知答案为injured。
【50题详解】
根据____7____ were faced with no water，no food，and no electricity.可知，幸存者面临没有水,没有食物,没有电。结合句意可知答案为Survivors。
【51题详解】
根据Some of the ____8____workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.可知，一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下。结合句意可知答案为rescue。
【52题详解】
根据The army organized teams to ____9____ those who were trapped and to bury the dead.可知，军队组织队伍把被困的人挖出来并埋葬死者。dig out“挖出”，故答案为dig out。
【53题详解】
根据Workers built ____10____ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.可知，工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。可知答案为shelters。
【54题详解】
The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000 people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century. 翻译为“在这场大地震中有超过24万人丧生，这是二十世纪最严重的一次地震。”
【55题详解】
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.翻译为“所见之处，损毁殆尽。”
六、书面表达（共25分）
56.根据短文内容以及写作要求进行故事续写。请写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。开头已给出。
The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest (比赛), representing Madison Middle School. Here it was the state competition. I waited backstage for the host to announce My name.
Even though I had practiced much, I was extremely nervous. My heart was thumping, my palms were sweating, and my mouth was dry. “Calm down,” I told myself. Still, picturing an audience of teachers, parents and classmates made me want to disappear totally.
Mr. Patrick, who taught me to give speeches, reminded me, “You’ll do great. You’re prepared. You’ve come this far.”
Mr. Patrick was right. I was ready for this, and besides, I won first place in the earlier contests. Yet, when I pictured all eyes on me waiting for me to mess up, my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.
“You can’t back out now” I told myself as Mr. Nichols, the host, announced my name and the title of my speech, “My Hero.”
请你写出接下来主人公演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
The big moment came.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The big moment came. I stepped onto the stage, took a deep breath and began to speak. Gradually with great eagerness to do well in the speech contest, I was completely focused on the contents. The optimism and persistence delivered in my speech on “My Hero, Nick” had inspired the judges and audience a lot. They were moved with tears rolling in their eyes.
My efforts undoubtedly paid off. I was awarded “the outstanding speaker”. Holding the certificate, I swelled with pride and a sense of achievement. When I was standing excitedly on the stage, pictures of my teacher helping and encouraging me flashed into my mind. The victory and honor belonged to both of us.
The past contest witnessed my growth. It is not only my enthusiasm but also my belief in myself that impresses others.(138w)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。根据故事内容写出接下来主人公演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
【详解】续写是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
通过阅读所给文章可知，本文讲述了作者代表学校参加演讲比赛的经历及当时的心情。
第一步：确定内容：续写部分开头是：这一伟大的时刻来临了，接下来应该是写演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，演讲当时的经历；第二段，演讲的结果；第三段，总结及感想。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语： take a deep breath；do well in；focus on；pay off；sense of achievement；belong to等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了一些高级词汇，如：step; eagerness; optimism; persistence; undoubtedly; flash等高级词汇；以及一些高级句式： Holding the certificate, I swelled with pride and a sense of achievement. 使用了现在分词作状语；When I was standing excitedly on the stage, pictures of my teacher helping and encouraging me flashed into my mind. 使用了when引导的时间状语从句；It is not only my enthusiasm but also my belief in myself that impresses others.使用了强调句。
57.根据写作要求，参考短文内容，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。开头已给出。
Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators (天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky (狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs (纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance (物质) that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
假设你是交换生李华，在网上看到hermit crabs的文章。请你给当地居民写一封倡议信。
内容包括：1.介绍hermit crabs遭遇的困境；
2. 提出倡议并说明理由。
I am Li Hua.an exchange student from China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I have known from the web that hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers and they help keep oceans and shores clean. However, hermit crabs are facing the problem of finding their homes nowadays. The seashells which they can live in to protect themselves are getting fewer and fewer.
As far as I am concerned, we should get down to helping hermit crabs find new homes to survive in no time. What we should do first is to arouse our awareness of protecting this species. We could pay more attention to the protection of the ocean and do not pollute the sea as we used to do. In addition, it would be a good choice not to take away the seashells after visiting the beach. What’s more, we could contribute to the building of artificial homes for them. Those who study related subjects can give advice to the Project Shelter to make qualified fake seashells.
In this way, the lives of hermit crab could be saved and the natural environment could be kept as well. (176w)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，按照要求写一封倡议信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。假设你是交换生李华，在网上看到hermit crabs的文章。请你给当地居民写一封倡议信。
内容包括：1.介绍hermit crabs遭遇的困境；2. 提出倡议并说明理由。人称为第一人称。时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，引出话题。第二段，提出倡议并说明理由。第三段，总结。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: as far as I am concerned就我而言；in no time立刻；arouse our awareness提高我们的意识；pay more attention to更加注意；contribute to贡献等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了一些亮点短语：as far as I am concerned；in no time；arouse our awareness；pay more attention to；contribute to等。以及一些较为高级的句式: The seashells which they can live in to protect themselves are getting fewer and fewer. 使用了which引导的定语从句；What we should do first is to arouse our awareness of protecting this species. 使用了what引导的主语从句；In addition, it would be a good choice not to take away the seashells after visiting the beach.使用了it做形式主语；Those who study related subjects can give advice to the Project Shelter to make qualified fake seashells.使用了who引导的定语从句。
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
58.根据写作要求，阅读短文内容，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。
The Youngest Skier To The South Pole
On Friday December 9th, a 16-year-old skier, Ameba Hempleman-Adamsreached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17nights on the ice. On the final day they skied 14 miles and afterwards Ameba said she felt “elated and tired” on reaching the South Pole.
“The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food. The best bit has been experiencing what Dad does on expeditions (探险). It’s the first time I’ve been on a difficult long journey with him and now I know what it’s like. The trip brought me closer to Dad, but I also had to put up with his snoring (鼾声) which was terrible.”
She added, “Would I do it again? I’m not sure. I’ll have to think about that after a few nights’ sleep! At times it’s been really hard: I’ve got aching shoulders, and my back’s been sore from pulling my sledge (雪橇), I’ve got blisters (水泡) on my feet from the boots and I’ve got a cold burn on my nose from my sunglasses. 43 ”.
She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breath taking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape. “I’ve really missed my friends while I’ve been away and want to thank them for all their messages of support.”
Friends and relatives who posted comments on Ameba’s expedition website paid tribute (致敬) to her positive attitude which, they said, would be an inspiration to others.
Her father, David, said “Ameba has done amazing well. I’m proud of her. She showed real determination. She was tough and she pulled her sledge the whole way. It was a special experience to share those 97 miles with her.”
假如你是建华中学学生王新，在网上看到了Ameba的故事，决定给她写封邮件，交流分享你的想法。内容包括：1. 你对她的旅行有何看法并说明原因；2. 分享你的旅行经历。
Dear Amelia,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Wang Xin
【答案】Dear Amalia:
I am deeply impressed by your adventure experience. As a girl of your age, I admire your courage and bravery. I also have an experience. It may not be as quarter as yours, but very unforgettable.
Last winter vacation, I went to Iceland with my parents, which is famous for the Northern Lights. But since they are the solar activity, seeing it or not depends on luck and the weather. It was freezing to death that night, so we all dressed like astronauts. Staring at the sky, we could see nothing but stars in the darkness. Feeling cold and hopeless, I was thinking of going back to our hotel. My father and mother hugged me to keep us warm and encouraged me to go on waiting. The Northern Lights appeared at last. They were as dancing lights high in the sky and varied in colour, green, purple, red, pink, orange and blue. Once you see them, you can’t get them out of your mind.
Hope we can travel together one day. (173w)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，按照要求写封邮件。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。假如你是建华中学的学生王新，在网上看到了Ameba的故事，决定给她写封邮件，交流分享你的想法。内容包括：1. 你对她的旅行有何看法并说明原因；2. 分享你的旅行经历。人称为第一人称。时态以一般过去时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，对Ameba的旅行有何看法并说明原因。第二段，分享你的旅行经历。第三段，总结或期望。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: be deeply impressed by；be famous for ；depend on；nothing but；vary in ；out of one’s mind等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了一些亮点短语：be deeply impressed by；be famous for ；depend on；nothing but；vary in ；out of one’s mind等。以及一些较为高级的句式: I went to Iceland with my parents, which is famous for the Northern Lights. 使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；But since they are the solar activity, seeing it or not depends on luck and the weather. 使用了since引导的原因状语从句以及动名词做主语；Staring at the sky, we could see nothing but stars in the darkness. 使用了现在分词作状语；Once you see them, you can’t get them out of your mind.使用了once引导的状语从句。
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
2019北京丰台区高一（上）期末
英语试题
一、语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）
从各题A, B, C三个选项中，选出可以填人空自处的最佳答案。
The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School. Here it___1___the state competition. I waited backstage for the host to announce____2____name.
___3___I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous. My heart was thumping，my palms___4___，and my mouth was dry.“Calm down，”I told myself. Still，picturing an audience of teachers，parents and classmates made me want_____5_____totally.
Mr. Patrick，___6___taught me to give speeches，reminded me，“You'll do great. You're prepared. You've come this far.”
Mr. Patrick was right. I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests. Yet，when I pictured____9____eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.
“You____10____back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”
1. A. was B. is C. have been
2. A. My B. me C. mine
3. A. As long as B. even though C. ever since
4. A. will sweat B. had sweat C. were sweating
5. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappear
6. A. who B. which C. when
7. A. to B. at C. for
8. A. early B. earlier C. earliest
9. A. either B. both C. all
10. A. needn’t B. can’t C. mightn’t
【答案】1. A 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者代表麦迪逊中学赢得了当地演讲比赛。作者回忆当时比赛时的情景。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：这是州际比赛。根据上文The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest(比赛)，representing Madison Middle School.可知此处指的是过去的事情，句子用一般过去时态，故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我在后台等着主持人宣布我的名字。修饰名词name用形容词性物主代词，结合句意可知答案为A。
【3题详解】
考查状语从句。A. As long as只要； B. even though即使； C. ever since从那时起。根据___3___I had practiced much，I was extremely nervous.可知，即使我练习很多，但是我非常紧张。此处是even though引导的让步状语从句，故选B。
4题详解】
考查时态。根据My heart was thumping，my palms___4___，and my mouth was dry.可知，我的心怦怦地跳，我的手心出汗，我的嘴是干燥。句子用进行时态，故选C。
【5题详解】
考查固定搭配。固定搭配：want to do sth.“想做某事”，故选B。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。此处Mr. Patrick是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用who，故选A。
【7题详解】
考查固定词组。根据I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。固定词组：be ready for“为------做准备”，故选C。
【8题详解】
考查句意理解。根据I was ready_____7_____this，and besides，I won first place in the____8____contests.可知，我准备好了，而且，在前面的比赛我赢得第一名。此处指以前的比赛，故选B。
【9题详解】
考查不定代词。A. either两者之一； B. both两个都；C. all全部，所有。根据Yet，when I pictured____9____eyes on me waiting for me to mess up，my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.可知，然而，当我想象所有的目光在我身上等着我陷入困境，我的心逐渐平静下来。此处指“所有目光”，故选C。
【10题详解】
考查情态动词。A. needn’t 不必； B. can’t不可能； C. mightn’t可能不会。根据“You____10____back out now，”I told myself as Mr.Nichols，the host，announced my name and the title of my speech，“My Hero.”可知，当主持人Mr.Nichols宣布我的名字，我演讲的题目，“我的英雄”时，我告诉自己“你现在不能退出,”故选B。
二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A， B， C， D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A Wonderful Christmas Gift
Ann and her mother had lived in a small cottage. Christmas was so close，and so was her birthday.
Ann wished she could get a new___11___with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift All her friends would be getting new dresses.____12____Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that. She knew how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet. Maybe she could make a____13____maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.
It was not just gift that____14____Ann. It was her mother. Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out.
The days passed and soon it was Christmas Eve.In everyone's house，except Ann's ,a Christmas tree adorned(装饰)the living room. In the____15____there hung the baked cakes and turkey. But____16____lovely was being cooked in Ann's house. Every child went to bed eagerly waiting for the lovely gifts that he or she would ___17___the next day. Ann went to bed with a___18___heart.She knew that there would be no gifts for her.
Ann wished with her whole heart that at least this time she would get a gift from Santa Claus. Ann slowly drifted off to sleep. She dreamt of Santa riding in the snow on his reindeers.
Ring.…Ring.…Ann jumped，hearing alarm.
She suddenly remembered that it was Christmas morning. Without much hope she looked ____19____there were any gifts for her.Wonder of wonders!There lay a beautiful packet tied with a red ribbon.
Ann excitedly opened the package. It was a pretty white dress with attractive lace. She ____20____the gift carefully to find out who gave it to her. Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann_____21_____started to read the note.
“Dear Ann，
This dress is given to you as a____22____ for being a good girl. Hope you continue to do good things and help your mother.
Your Loving friend，
Santa Claus"
Ann felt that there was something familiar about this note. She looked into the note carefully. Then it____23____ her. It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. Ann was happy ____24____words. She knew that she was the____25____girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.
11. A. dress B. book C. bike D. watch
12. A. So B. But C. And D. Or
13. A. change B. plan C. mistake D. wish
14. A. surprised B. worried C. pleased D. disappointed
15. A. bedrooms B. restrooms C. kitchens D. bathrooms
16. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
17. A. make B. send C. receive D. buy
18. A. hard B. big C. warm D. heavy
19. A. if B. how C. why D. when
20. A. refused B. checked C. passed D. painted
21. A. finally B. carefully C. gradually D. eagerly
22. A. test B. lesson C. game D. prize
23. A. struck B. hurt C. satisfied D. encouraged
24. A. in B. without C. over D. beyond
25. A. stubborn B. hard-working C. fortunate D. crazy.
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。安和妈妈相依为命，勉强维持生计。而在圣诞节的时候安收到一件自己梦寐以求的礼物。
【11题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. dress连衣裙；B. book 书；C. bike自行车；D. watch手表。根据下句中的new dresses 可知，Ann wished she could get a new___1___with lace as a wonderful Christmas gift.安希望她能得到一件有花边的新连衣裙，作为一件极好的圣诞礼物。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查并列连词。A. So 所以； B. But 但是； C. And和； D. Or或者。她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. change变化； B. plan计划；C. mistake错误；D. wish希望，愿望。根据Maybe she could make a___3___maybe Santa Claus would come，even though she knew that Santa Claus is just an imaginary character.可知，也许她可以希望圣诞老人会来的，虽然她知道圣诞老人是一个虚构的人物。make a wish“有一个愿望”。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. surprised感到吃惊；B. worried 担忧；C. pleased感到高兴；D. disappointed感到失望。根据Nowadays she was working overtime and looked pale and worn out. 可知妈妈加班非常疲惫，安担心的不只是礼物。她担心的是她妈妈。故选B。
【15题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. bedrooms卧室； B. restrooms 洗手间； C. kitchens 厨房；D. bathrooms浴室。根据there hung the baked cakes and turkey.可知，厨房里挂着烤好的蛋糕和火鸡。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查不定代词辨析。A. nothing什么也没有； B. something某事；C. anything 任何事情；D. everything每件事情。根据上文how hard her mom worked to make both ends meet.可知，安和母亲过着清贫的生活，买不起好吃的和新衣服，安的房子里没有什么好吃的。此处but表示与上句对比，故选A。
【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. make制造； B. send发送；C. receive 收到； D. buy买。 此处指每个孩子都急切地上床睡觉，等待着第二天收到可爱的礼物。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. hard努力的；B. big大的；C. warm温暖的；D. heavy沉重的。根据She knew that there would be no gifts for her.可知，安心情沉重地上床睡觉。她知道不会有礼物送给她。故选D。
【19题详解】
考查宾语从句。A. if 是否； B. how 如何； C. why 为什么； D. when什么时候。根据Without much hope she looked____9____there were any gifts for her.可知，她不抱多大希望地看了看是否有什么礼物送给她。此处是if引导的宾语从句，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. refused拒绝； B. checked 核对；C. passed 经过； D. painted油漆。她仔细检查了礼物，想知道是谁送给她的。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. finally最后； B. carefully仔细地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. eagerly热切地。根据Suddenly a small piece of paper fell out from it.Ann____11____started to read the note.可知，突然，一张小纸片从里面掉了出来。安急切地开始看那张便条。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. test测试； B. lesson功课；C. game游戏； D. prize奖品。根据纸条上的内容可知，这条裙子是给安作为一个好女孩的奖品。希望她继续做善事，帮助母亲。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. struck打击；B. hurt 使受伤；C. satisfied使满意； D. encouraged鼓励。她仔细地看了看那张便条。然后她突然想到了是谁送的礼物。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查介词。根据It was her mother who had worked overtime to save money to buy this expensive gift. 可知，是她妈妈为了攒钱加班买了这件昂贵的礼物。安高兴得说不出话来。超出了语言表达，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. stubborn顽强的； B. hard-working勤劳的；C. fortunate幸运的； D. crazy疯狂的。根据She knew that she was the___15___girl to have such a wonderful mother as a wonderful Christmas gift.可知，她知道她是一个幸运的女孩，因为她有这样一位了不起的母亲，这是一个了不起的圣诞礼物。故选C。
【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作用。像but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第2小题，根据____2____Ann did not want to ask her Mom for that.可知，她所有的朋友都将得到新衣服。但是安不想向她妈妈要。此处but表示前后是转折关系，故选B。
三、阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
A
Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature's recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs，the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators(天敌).Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky(狡猾);it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years，however，many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was.This has caused chemical changes to sea water.Some sea animals，like snails，are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs(纪念品).This is another problem.Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs!They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells.The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry，but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance(物质)that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe.Too small would be uncomfortable，and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
26. Where can hermit crabs stay safe?
A. In different old seashells. B. Behind the waste they'll eat.
C. In their own thin outer shells. D. Under the stones at the seashore.
27. According to the passage，what should be put in the webs?
A. The methods to recycle the wastes. B. The ways to help the hermit crabs.
C. The materials of seashells. D. The designs of websites.
28. What does the underlined word“fake" in Para. 3 mean?
A. man-made B. perfect
C. hard D. comfortable
29. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The Project Shelter Group. B. The shortage of the seashell.
C. New homes for hermit crabs. D. The recyclers of the nature.
【答案】26. A 27. B 28. A 29. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是寄居蟹生存的贝壳越来越少是现状及人类努力为它们建的新家。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells.可知，寄居蟹在不同的古老贝壳中安身。故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。文章结构是先提出问题——寄居蟹的家园日益减少；然后分析原因；下面就应该是想办法解决问题。根据第三段中Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore!Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.可知，“帮助寄居蟹的方法”应该被放在框架里。故选B。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第三段中For example，a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.“例如,一个叫做Project Shelter组织邀请访问过他们网站的人们为隐士蟹壳创建不同的设计。”由此推知Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like.“有些人甚至制作假贝壳，希望寄居蟹会喜欢。”“fake”的意思是“假的，人造的”。故选A。
【29题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，根据最后一段The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find.Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.可知，本文讲述的是寄居蟹的新家。故选C。
B
Benito Juarez，a poor Indian boy，was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818.Benito walked forty-one miles to the city of Oaxaca，high in the mountains of Mexico. When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people，Benito didn't know what they were saying.
First，Benito became a servant for a wealthy gentleman，Serer Maza. Soon，he went to work for Antonio Salanueva ,a church(教会)librarian.Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. Benito became his helper and his housekeeper.Antonio loved to teach.Benito soon became his student as well as his servant.With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.
At that time in Mexico，many people believed that Indians were not smart enough to read or learn.Antonio knew that was not true.Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools. The first Spanish missionaries(传教士)who came to Mexico had educated the native people. In fact，churches from Spain had built the first college on the North American continent(大陆)for the Indians. As more Spanish came to Mexico，however，the Indian children were crowded out of the schools.
Benito was a good and bright student，so Antonio developed a plan for him. In 1821，when Benito was fifteen，Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.
Benito became a student at the college.His studies were difficult，and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there.He succeeded in spite of these challenges.Later，as the laws changed，Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.
Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872. He led the Mexican people to victory over the French，who tried to rule Mexico，and fought for the rights of Indians. He is one of the great heroes in Mexican history.
30. When Benito first arrived in the city of Oaxaca，he_______.
A. lost touch with his family B. got the language problem
C. studied in a church library D. lived in the mountain
31. According to the passage，Antonio was a_______.
A. good teacher B. rich gentleman
C. strict housekeeper D. helpful villager
32. In Mexico，many Indian children couldn't get an education，because_______.
A. they were less smart B. there were not enough schools
C. there were too many native people D. they were too poor to go to school
33. What should be put into the timeline?
A. Became a lawyer. B. Attended a public college.
C. Be the only Indian student. D. Elected to be the President.
34. What is probably the best title of the passage?
A. A young student in Mexico. B. Fighting for the rights.
C. A bright Mexican educator. D. Born to be a servant.
【答案】30. B 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Benito在墨西哥求学，上大学，成为墨西哥总统的经历。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When he heard the Spanish spoken by the city people，Benito didn't know what they were saying.可知，当贝尼托第一次抵达城市瓦哈卡时，他遇到了语言问题。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. ---With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.和第四段Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.可知，根据短文,安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Indians had been prevented from learning by a lack of schools.可知，在墨西哥,印度许多孩子不能接受教育,因为没有足够的学校。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872.可知，1861年“被选为总统”应该被放在大事年表中。故选D。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Benito Juarez，a poor Indian boy，was twelve years old when he left his village home in December 1818.---倒数第二段Benito became a student at the college.His studies were difficult，and he was teased because he was the only Indian student there.He succeeded in spite of these challenges.Later，as the laws changed，Benito was able to attend a public college with other Indians.以及最后一段中Benito Juarez continued his education and became a lawyer and，much later，the President of Mexico from 1861 to 1872.可知，本文讲述了一个印第安学生在墨西哥求学的经历。故选A。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第二段中Antonio repaired and copied the library books，keeping them in good shape. ---With the help of Antonio，Benito learned to speak，read，and write Spanish.和第四段中Antonio decided to enroll him in a school for boys.Antonio taught Benito what he needed to pass the entrance test for the school.可知，根据短文,安东尼奥是一个好老师。故选A。
C
Fishy Weather Conditions
Laj amanu，Australia，is a dry little town，sitting right on the edge of the Tanami desert. Can you imagines How surprised were people when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloudy.It happens that there are similar cases in England and Honduras.
How do clouds make fishy.The simple answer is that they don't.There is a particular weather phenomenon(现象)called a waterspout.A waterspout is just like a tornado，only it forms above oceans，lakes，or rivers.Like a tornado，a waterspout moves in a circle at high speeds.When it moves above the water，it tends to carry the fish with it，as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.
Scientists couldn't work it out at first. To make matters stranger still，the fish in Honduras were very much alive when they rained down to the ground，but they were all blind.In England and Australia，it rained fish and snakes，and none were blind. It was difficult to puzzle out，but the blind fish gave them a place to start.
Scientists knew that some fish that lived in deep，underground caves with no light sources often lost their eyesight. So when blind fish rained down on Honduras，scientists began to connect some dots.Clearly，these particular fish were pulled from an underground water source by force.
It has rained fish on every continent，and each time，people have tried in various ways to explain this strange phenomenon.Historically，villagers thought the“fishes from the heavens”might be answers to prayers for food. Others suggested that floods overran river banks and oceans，leaving the fish on the city streets.No scientist had actually seen the rain as it occurred，only the fish left on the ground.But in 1990，a National Geographic team happened to be in Honduras when the Rain of Fishes began. They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.
This huge breakthrough wasn't just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time.It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.
35. According to the passage，a waterspout__________ .
A. can make animals blind B. is difficult to catch on film
C. can carry items with it D. is a dangerous sea creature
36. The blind fish made the scientists start to think that__________ .
A. raining fish was a warning of natural disasters
B. animals changed to match their environments
C. the weather system differed from place to place
D. the waterspout theory seemed more possible
37. From Para. 5 and 6，we can learn__________ .
A. how species in the area changed over time
B. the importance of finding the truth behind the event
C. that the discovery cleared up many different scientific theories
D. how the understanding of waterspouts affected other areas of science
38. The underlined sentence in last Para. probably suggests that__________ .
A. waterspouts came to be a center of scientific research
B. the scientists were fortunate to have made their discoveries
C. hard work went into determining the cause for the raining fish
D. the scientists relied heavily on unusual events to drive their studies
39. The author writes the passage to__________ .
A. describe the magic phenomenon
B. explain what caused the fishy weather
C. persuade people to protect the environment
D. encourage people to do scientific research
【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了可疑的天气状况，“为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的的天气”。 盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好，而且它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事，为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中When it moves above the water，it tends to carry the fish with it，as well as frogs or other small plants or animals.可知，根据短文，水上龙卷风可能携带水里的一些动物。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句It was difficult to puzzle out，but the blind fish gave them a place to start.可知，盲鱼让科学家们开始认为龙卷风理论似乎更有可能。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句They recorded what was happening and made history by finally proving that the fish really did fall from the sky.和第六段最后一句It explained ancient cave paintings and shed new light on how species have spread over time.It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.可知，从第五段和第六段我们可以了解到事件背后真相的重要性。故选B。
【38题详解】
句意猜测题。根据最后一段中This huge breakthrough wasn't just a spot of good luck. It changed thousands of years of myths and legends into true stories and provided scientific explanations for how fish came to live in deep caves. It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.这个巨大的突破不仅仅是运气好。它把几千年的神话传说变成了真实的故事，为鱼是如何生活在深深的洞穴里提供了科学的解释。由此可知，划线句子表明，取得成果靠的不是运气，而是人们努力的结果。故选C。
【39题详解】
目的意图题。纵观全文，特别是第一段中How surprised were people when live fish rained down on them from a dark gray cloudy.和It turned out to be a lot more than just a little fishy weather.及下文的研究和结论可知，作者写这篇文章是为了解释为什么会出现这种雨中下活鱼的天气。故选B。
四、阅读回答问题（共4小题，8分）
根据短文内容，回答问题，补全信息。
The Youngest Skier To The South Pole
On Friday December 9t"，a 16-year-old skier，Ameba Hempleman-Adams reached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17 nights on the ice. On the final day they skied 14 miles and afterwards Ameba said she felt“elated and tired" on reaching the South Pole.
“The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food.The best bit has been experiencing what Dad does on expeditions(探险).It's the first time I've been on a difficult long journey with him and now I know what it's like.The trip brought me closer to Dad，but I also had to put up with his snoring(鼾声)which was terrible.’， She added，“Would I do it again? I'm not sure. I'll have to think about that after a few nights' sleep!At times it's been really hard:I've got aching shoulders，and my back's been sore from pulling my sledge(雪橇)，I've got blisters(水泡)on my feet from the boots and I've got a cold burn on my nose from my sunglasses. ____43___ ”
She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breathtaking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape.“I've really missed my friends while I've been away and want to thank them for all their messages of support.”
Friends and relatives who posted comments on Ameba's expedition website paid tribute(致敬)to her positive attitude which , they said ,would be an inspiration to others.
Her father，David，said“Ameba has done amazing well. I'm proud of her.She showed real determination. She was tough and she pulled her sledge the whole way. It was a special experience to share those 97 miles with her.”
40. Who is Ameba Hempleman-Adams?
41. What biggest challenges did she meet during the trip?
42. What kind of person do you think Ameba is?Give at least one reason.
43. Choose and copy the complete sentence that should be filled in the blank.
A Except for those，it's been a really good journey.
B As a result，I had to give it up to go any further.
C Therefore，the only person I could care about was my father.
【答案】40. A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.
41. The freezing cold and eating only dried food.
42. She is determined because she overcame all kinds of difficulties on her trip.
43. A Except for those, it’s been a really good journey.
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了到南极最年轻的滑雪者，年仅16岁的Ameba Hempleman-Adams。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句On Friday December 9t"，a 16-year-old skier，Ameba Hempleman-Adams reached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17 nights on the ice.可知，Ameba Hempleman-Adams A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.故答案为A 16-year-old skier. / The youngest skier to the south pole.。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food.可知，她在旅行中遇到的最大挑战是“寒冷刺骨，只吃干的食物。”故答案为The freezing cold and eating only dried food.
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ameba has done amazing well. I'm proud of her.She showed real determination.可知，她意志坚定，因为她在旅途中克服了各种困难。故答案为She is determined because she overcame all kinds of difficulties on her trip.
【43题详解】
推理判断题。上文描述旅行中遇到的各种困难，倒数第三段She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breathtaking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape. 介绍这趟旅程的收获，A 项Except for those，it's been a really good journey.“除了这些,这是一个很好的旅程。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A.
五
选词填空，并翻译划线句子
A Night The Earth Didn't Sleep
On July 28，1976，a magnitude 7. 8 earthquake hit the sleeping city of Tangshan in northeastern China. The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.
In a village outside of Tangshan，well water rose and fell three times the day before the earthquake.Water pipes throughout the area cracked and ____44____ .Animals also gave a warning that something was about to happen.Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran around looking for a place to ____45____ .A goldfish began jumping wildly in its bowl. Stranger Indeed.Many people reported seeing strange lights as well as hearing ____46____，which was described as louder than that of an airplane.
At 3:42 a. m. on July 28，over a million people lay sleeping. As the earth began to shake，it seemed as if the world was ____47____.One-third of the nation felt it.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ____48____.Two-thirds of people died or were ____49____during the earthquake.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals，75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. ____50____ were faced with no water，no food，and no electricity.People were shocked.Then，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the ____51____workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes，the army sent 150, 000 soldiers and thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to ____52____ those who were trapped and to bury the dead.Workers built ____53____ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city by train，truck and plane. Though it took time，the entire city was rebuilt，earning Tangshan the name“Brave City of China.”
The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000 people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century.
______________________________________54______________________________________
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.
______________________________________55______________________________________
【答案】44. burst
45. hide 46. loud sounds
47. at an end
48. ruins 49. injured
50. Survivors
51. rescue 52. dig out
53. shelters
54. 在这场大地震中有超过24万人丧生，这是二十世纪最严重的一次地震。
55. 所见之处，损毁殆尽。
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。地球不眠的一个夜晚——文章讲述了1976年的唐山大地震。
【44题详解】
根据Water pipes throughout the area cracked and ____1____ .可知，整个地区的水管都破裂了。此处用一般过去时态，故答案为burst。
【45题详解】
根据Mice ran around looking for a place to ____2____ .可知，老鼠到处跑，想找个地方躲起来。此处是动词不定式结构，故答案为hide。
【46题详解】
根据Many people reported seeing strange lights as well as hearing ____3____，which was described as louder than that of an airplane.可知，许多人报告说看到奇怪的光线以及听到很大的声音,这是形容声音比一架飞机还大。结合句意可可知答案为loud sounds
【47题详解】
根据As the earth began to shake，it seemed as if the world was ____4____.可知，大地开始摇晃,好像世界要结束了。at an end “结束”，故答案为at an end。
【48题详解】
根据In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ____5____.可知，在可怕的十五秒钟内，一座大城市变成了废墟。in ruins“成为废墟”，故答案为ruins。
【49题详解】
根据Two-thirds of people died or were ____6____during the earthquake.可知，三分之二的人在地震中死亡或受伤。结合句意可知答案为injured。
【50题详解】
根据____7____ were faced with no water，no food，and no electricity.可知，幸存者面临没有水,没有食物,没有电。结合句意可知答案为Survivors。
【51题详解】
根据Some of the ____8____workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.可知，一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下。结合句意可知答案为rescue。
【52题详解】
根据The army organized teams to ____9____ those who were trapped and to bury the dead.可知，军队组织队伍把被困的人挖出来并埋葬死者。dig out“挖出”，故答案为dig out。
【53题详解】
根据Workers built ____10____ for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.可知，工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。可知答案为shelters。
【54题详解】
The very large earthquake killed over 240, 000 people，making it the deadliest earthquake of the twentieth century. 翻译为“在这场大地震中有超过24万人丧生，这是二十世纪最严重的一次地震。”
【55题详解】
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.翻译为“所见之处，损毁殆尽。”
六、书面表达（共25分）
56.根据短文内容以及写作要求进行故事续写。请写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。开头已给出。
The big day had finally arrived. I had won the local speech contest (比赛), representing Madison Middle School. Here it was the state competition. I waited backstage for the host to announce My name.
Even though I had practiced much, I was extremely nervous. My heart was thumping, my palms were sweating, and my mouth was dry. “Calm down,” I told myself. Still, picturing an audience of teachers, parents and classmates made me want to disappear totally.
Mr. Patrick, who taught me to give speeches, reminded me, “You’ll do great. You’re prepared. You’ve come this far.”
Mr. Patrick was right. I was ready for this, and besides, I won first place in the earlier contests. Yet, when I pictured all eyes on me waiting for me to mess up, my heart was gradually sinking into my stomach.
“You can’t back out now” I told myself as Mr. Nichols, the host, announced my name and the title of my speech, “My Hero.”
请你写出接下来主人公演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
The big moment came.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The big moment came. I stepped onto the stage, took a deep breath and began to speak. Gradually with great eagerness to do well in the speech contest, I was completely focused on the contents. The optimism and persistence delivered in my speech on “My Hero, Nick” had inspired the judges and audience a lot. They were moved with tears rolling in their eyes.
My efforts undoubtedly paid off. I was awarded “the outstanding speaker”. Holding the certificate, I swelled with pride and a sense of achievement. When I was standing excitedly on the stage, pictures of my teacher helping and encouraging me flashed into my mind. The victory and honor belonged to both of us.
The past contest witnessed my growth. It is not only my enthusiasm but also my belief in myself that impresses others.(138w)
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是读后续写。根据故事内容写出接下来主人公演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
【详解】续写是将阅读与写作有机结合，要求考生既能读懂文章信息，又要依据要求规范连贯地表达内容，其中准确概括很有挑战且十分重要，根据记叙文、议论文、说明文等不同文体作相应概括，总的来说，遵循以下步骤：确定主题句；寻找关键词；重构主题句；重组支持句，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
通过阅读所给文章可知，本文讲述了作者代表学校参加演讲比赛的经历及当时的心情。
第一步：确定内容：续写部分开头是：这一伟大的时刻来临了，接下来应该是写演讲的过程，以及演讲结束后激动的心情。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，演讲当时的经历；第二段，演讲的结果；第三段，总结及感想。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语： take a deep breath；do well in；focus on；pay off；sense of achievement；belong to等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了一些高级词汇，如：step; eagerness; optimism; persistence; undoubtedly; flash等高级词汇；以及一些高级句式： Holding the certificate, I swelled with pride and a sense of achievement. 使用了现在分词作状语；When I was standing excitedly on the stage, pictures of my teacher helping and encouraging me flashed into my mind. 使用了when引导的时间状语从句；It is not only my enthusiasm but also my belief in myself that impresses others.使用了强调句。
57.根据写作要求，参考短文内容，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。开头已给出。
Help Hermit Crabs
Hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers. They eat waste and help keep oceans and shores clean. Unlike other crabs, the hermit crab has a thin outer shell over its soft tail. This makes the hermit crab easy prey for hungry predators (天敌). Hermit crabs stay safe by living in old seashells. A hermit crab is picky (狡猾); it tries on many shells until it finds one that fits just right. In recent years, however, many hermit crabs have had trouble finding their perfect homes. What is the problems There are not enough shells to go around!
One reason for the seashell shortage is that ocean water is not as clean as it once was. This has caused chemical changes to sea water. Some sea animals, like snails, are affected by these changes. Now there are fewer snails making shells. People visiting the beach often take shells home as souvenirs (纪念品). This is another problem. Other people even take shells for their own pet hermit crabs! They do not realize that hermit crabs in the wild need those shells too.
Now people are working to solve this hermit crab housing shortage. They are teaching beach-Boers to leave seashells where they belong--at the seashore! Some people even make fake seashells that they hope the hermit crabs will like. For example, a group called Project Shelter invited people who visited their website to create different designs for hermit crab shells.
These designers had a lot to consider. What kind of material should be used to build a seashells. The material must be light enough for the hermit crab to carry, but strong enough to protect the crab from predators. The man-made shells could not contain glue or any other substance (物质) that might harm a hermit crab. Another challenge with building a hermit crab home was the opening to the shell. Too big would mean the crab would not feel safe. Too small would be uncomfortable, and the crab would not want to move in.
The Project Shelter shells are placed in the wild for hermit crabs to find. Lucky hermit crabs can move into these new dream homes.
假设你是交换生李华，在网上看到hermit crabs的文章。请你给当地居民写一封倡议信。
内容包括：1.介绍hermit crabs遭遇的困境；
2. 提出倡议并说明理由。
I am Li Hua.an exchange student from China. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China. I have known from the web that hermit crabs are nature’s recyclers and they help keep oceans and shores clean. However, hermit crabs are facing the problem of finding their homes nowadays. The seashells which they can live in to protect themselves are getting fewer and fewer.
As far as I am concerned, we should get down to helping hermit crabs find new homes to survive in no time. What we should do first is to arouse our awareness of protecting this species. We could pay more attention to the protection of the ocean and do not pollute the sea as we used to do. In addition, it would be a good choice not to take away the seashells after visiting the beach. What’s more, we could contribute to the building of artificial homes for them. Those who study related subjects can give advice to the Project Shelter to make qualified fake seashells.
In this way, the lives of hermit crab could be saved and the natural environment could be kept as well. (176w)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，按照要求写一封倡议信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。假设你是交换生李华，在网上看到hermit crabs的文章。请你给当地居民写一封倡议信。
内容包括：1.介绍hermit crabs遭遇的困境；2. 提出倡议并说明理由。人称为第一人称。时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，引出话题。第二段，提出倡议并说明理由。第三段，总结。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: as far as I am concerned就我而言；in no time立刻；arouse our awareness提高我们的意识；pay more attention to更加注意；contribute to贡献等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了一些亮点短语：as far as I am concerned；in no time；arouse our awareness；pay more attention to；contribute to等。以及一些较为高级的句式: The seashells which they can live in to protect themselves are getting fewer and fewer. 使用了which引导的定语从句；What we should do first is to arouse our awareness of protecting this species. 使用了what引导的主语从句；In addition, it would be a good choice not to take away the seashells after visiting the beach.使用了it做形式主语；Those who study related subjects can give advice to the Project Shelter to make qualified fake seashells.使用了who引导的定语从句。
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
58.根据写作要求，阅读短文内容，写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。
The Youngest Skier To The South Pole
On Friday December 9th, a 16-year-old skier, Ameba Hempleman-Adamsreached the South Pole with her father after skiing 97 miles and spending 17nights on the ice. On the final day they skied 14 miles and afterwards Ameba said she felt “elated and tired” on reaching the South Pole.
“The biggest challenges were the freezing cold and eating only dried food. The best bit has been experiencing what Dad does on expeditions (探险). It’s the first time I’ve been on a difficult long journey with him and now I know what it’s like. The trip brought me closer to Dad, but I also had to put up with his snoring (鼾声) which was terrible.”
She added, “Would I do it again? I’m not sure. I’ll have to think about that after a few nights’ sleep! At times it’s been really hard: I’ve got aching shoulders, and my back’s been sore from pulling my sledge (雪橇), I’ve got blisters (水泡) on my feet from the boots and I’ve got a cold burn on my nose from my sunglasses. 43 ”.
She said the most extraordinary part of the trip had been the breath taking scenery and the sense of isolation in the Antarctic landscape. “I’ve really missed my friends while I’ve been away and want to thank them for all their messages of support.”
Friends and relatives who posted comments on Ameba’s expedition website paid tribute (致敬) to her positive attitude which, they said, would be an inspiration to others.
Her father, David, said “Ameba has done amazing well. I’m proud of her. She showed real determination. She was tough and she pulled her sledge the whole way. It was a special experience to share those 97 miles with her.”
假如你是建华中学学生王新，在网上看到了Ameba的故事，决定给她写封邮件，交流分享你的想法。内容包括：1. 你对她的旅行有何看法并说明原因；2. 分享你的旅行经历。
Dear Amelia,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Wang Xin
【答案】Dear Amalia:
I am deeply impressed by your adventure experience. As a girl of your age, I admire your courage and bravery. I also have an experience. It may not be as quarter as yours, but very unforgettable.
Last winter vacation, I went to Iceland with my parents, which is famous for the Northern Lights. But since they are the solar activity, seeing it or not depends on luck and the weather. It was freezing to death that night, so we all dressed like astronauts. Staring at the sky, we could see nothing but stars in the darkness. Feeling cold and hopeless, I was thinking of going back to our hotel. My father and mother hugged me to keep us warm and encouraged me to go on waiting. The Northern Lights appeared at last. They were as dancing lights high in the sky and varied in colour, green, purple, red, pink, orange and blue. Once you see them, you can’t get them out of your mind.
Hope we can travel together one day. (173w)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，按照要求写封邮件。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。假如你是建华中学的学生王新，在网上看到了Ameba的故事，决定给她写封邮件，交流分享你的想法。内容包括：1. 你对她的旅行有何看法并说明原因；2. 分享你的旅行经历。人称为第一人称。时态以一般过去时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，对Ameba的旅行有何看法并说明原因。第二段，分享你的旅行经历。第三段，总结或期望。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: be deeply impressed by；be famous for ；depend on；nothing but；vary in ；out of one’s mind等。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接；注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了一些亮点短语：be deeply impressed by；be famous for ；depend on；nothing but；vary in ；out of one’s mind等。以及一些较为高级的句式: I went to Iceland with my parents, which is famous for the Northern Lights. 使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句；But since they are the solar activity, seeing it or not depends on luck and the weather. 使用了since引导的原因状语从句以及动名词做主语；Staring at the sky, we could see nothing but stars in the darkness. 使用了现在分词作状语；Once you see them, you can’t get them out of your mind.使用了once引导的状语从句。
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
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