所属成套资源:2023年新高考英语写作专题全攻略
专题01 应用文写作高级句式-备战2023年新高考英语写作全攻略
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新高考英语写作全攻略
专题01 英语写作高级句式
一、非谓语动词 同主语发出两个不同动作
I. Basic Concept
[2014全国I]当我读到这条消息的时候,我发现了几个问题。[2014全国II]当看到报纸上的这个消息时,我发现了几个问题。[2011全国]面对多种多样的困难,我不得不向你求助。[2010全国]我是李华,一名二年一班的学生,现就读于育才中学。
有相似的地方吗?别急,这些句子还是有共性的,就是同一主语发出两个不同的动作。如果写成并列句就太屎了,所以写成一个简单句,但是一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词,所以一个主语发出两个不同的动作的话,其中一个主要的动作要用谓语动词,而另外一个不那么主要的动作用成非谓语动词。用英语思维来表达,有三种句式:
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence I.非谓语+其他, SVO.
SVO, 非谓语+其他. (S,非谓语+其他,VO.)
[2014全国I]当我读到这条消息的时候,我发现了几个问题。
Reading this message, I find a great deal of(+不可数名词) trouble.
[2014全国II]当看到报纸上的这个消息时,我发现了几个问题。
Noticing the advertisement in the newspaper, I find many problems which confuse me.(用定语从句拓展句子)
[2011全国]面对多种多样的困难,我不得不向你求助。
Facing a variety of obstacles, I have to ask you a favor/turn to you for help.
[2010全国]我是李华,一名二年一班的学生,现就读于育才中学。
I am Li Hua, a student in Class One, Senior Two, presently(目前地) studying in Yucai High School.
[*两个动作“是”和“就读”,哪个重要?其实很难判断,但是当表示be动词的时候,通常这是作者重点表达的意思,即把“我是李华”这部分作为谓语部分来呈现,而“就读于..”就用非谓语动词表示伴随。]
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]喜欢才会放肆,但爱却会克制。不仅要知道什么时候可以用,还要知道什么时候不能用。下面这两句话哪个对?
A) Having heard that you are recruiting English tutors for pupils, I am writing to apply for this position.
B) Recruiting English tutors for pupils, I am writing to apply for this position.
[*A句对,B句错。注意是“同一主语发出两个不同的动作”,B句中recruiting English tutors招募志愿者这个动作是我发出的吗?我是来申请的。]
[2]再比如下面这两句哪个对?
A) Paying you a visit, I will finish the speech contest.
B) After finishing the speech contest, I will pay you a visit.
[*A句错,B句对。两句都是“同一主语发出两个不同的动作”,但是哪个动作用非谓语动词呢?你得看哪个动作重要,V1是pay you a visit(领你逛一逛),V2是finish the speech contest(完成英语演讲比赛),当然领你逛一逛重要啊!你甚至可以说成“如果我完成英语演讲比赛,就领你逛一逛。”状语从句可以省略,倒着说却不成立。]
[3]最后下面这两句哪个对?
A) While visiting this city, a picture should be brought.
B) While visiting this city, you should bring a picture.
[*A句错,B句对。A句说的是当拜访某个城市的时候,很多照片被照。错!前面用visiting这个doing的形式的话,逗号后面句子的主语必须是能发出这个动作的。picture能发出visit这个动作吗?所以应该写成B句。 ]
常见错误总结:1.要找到一个主语发出的两个动作;2.主要动作用谓语,次要动作用非谓语;3.如果前面用doing,后面通常用人开头。
二、主语从句 令我感到
I. Basic Concept
[2015全国I]更重要的是要刺激他们对英语这门外语的学习兴趣,创造一个好的学习环境。[2014全国I]令我担心的是这个学校的学费。[2013全国]令我感到沮丧的是我不仅英语不好,而且缺乏自信。[2012全国]很重要的是这项活动不仅拓宽了我们的眼界,也丰富了我们的生活。
有相似的地方吗?天啊,主啊,救救可怜的孩子吧..其实是有的!而且很重要的句型:“令我..的是..”和“最..的是..”,你的第一反应是to my surprise..,the most important is..,完了..这分就没了。我们来构建主语从句,你可能会觉得太难了,但是你知道我的课程目的是“简单,易学,高效”,争取用更少的时间获得更高的分数。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence II. What + v. me +be+ n.
What + v. me +be+ that SVO.
[*如:令我感到困惑的是..,怎么写?困惑是confuses,就是动词,把它放在v.的位置,前面是what,后面是me,然后加be动词(单数形式),后面加n.或者that从句。]
[2015全国I]更重要的是要刺激他们对英语这门外语的学习兴趣,创造一个好的学习环境。
What matters most is to stimulate(刺激) their interests in learning English as a foreign language, creating a good learning environment.
[2014全国I]令我担心的是这个学校的学费。
What concerns me is the fee(学费) of the school.
[2013全国]令我感到沮丧的是我不仅英语不好,而且缺乏自信。
What upsets(使..沮丧,也可以用disappoint) me is that my English level is not very good and I am lacking in self-confidence.
[2012全国]很重要的是这项活动不仅拓宽了我们的眼界,也丰富了我们的生活。
What mattered most was that not only did this activity broaden our visions but it also enriched our life.
[*matter用过去时,表示过去发生过的事情。并且时态一直,所以前面用was。]
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]喜欢才会放肆,但爱却会克制。不仅要知道什么时候可以用,还要知道什么时候不能用。下面这两句话哪个对?
A) What we love most is the time we enjoy the full moon together.
B) What we love most are the time we enjoy the full moon together.
[*A句对,B句错。因为What we love most这是一个主语从句,主语从句做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。]
[2]再比如下面这两句哪个对?
A) What matters most is the time of the flight.
B) What is mattering most is the time of the flight.
[*A句对,B句错。注意时态,如果是现在就是matters,如果是过去就是mattered,常见的只有这两种时态。]
[3]最后下面这两句哪个对?
A) The most important thing is the time of the flight.
B) What matters most is the time of the flight.
[*更合适的是B句,英式思维What matters most is the time of the flight.]
常见错误总结:1.主语从句写作时态要注意,就用一般现在或一般过去;2.主语从句做主语,be动词要用单数;3.熟练背诵表示沮丧、高兴、快乐、满意、担忧、困扰和重要这些单词的动词写法。
三、非谓语与非限 为了啥
I. Basic Concept
高考写作其实真不难!不信?你看![2015全国I]为了更好地了解美国节日风俗和中学生的生活,我们学校准备在“外国文化”栏目刊登一系列短文。[2015全国II]为了丰富老人们的生活,我们决定和同学一起去敬老院为他们举办一场节目。[2014全国I]为了提高自己的英语水平并开拓眼界,我想参加你们学校的暑假英语课程。[2013全国I]为了参加一个重要会议,我叔叔李明将要去你的城市。[2012全国I]为了介绍中国并了解其他国家,我想参加你们学校的夏令营。
找到共同点了吗?眼已瞎?对!“为了..,某人做某事。”很多学生脑海里会想到两个初级句式:1.In order to.., sth; 2.To do .., sb do sth。确实都是对的,但是只有“颜值高”才能“走向人生巅峰”。我们的中文“为了..,某人做某事。”用英文思维怎么表达?或者说中文思维和英文思维最主要的区别是什么?语言顺序不同,英文思维是“某人做某事,为了..。”
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence III. SVO, aiming to.. . (非谓语动词)
SVO, the purpose of which + be to do (非限定性定语从句)
[2015全国I]为了更好地了解美国节日风俗和中学生的生活,我们学校准备在“外国文化”栏目刊登一系列短文。
Our school is going to publish a series of passages in the Foreign Culture column, aiming to broaden students’ horizons about American customs and the life of local pupils.
[2015全国II]为了丰富老人们的生活,我们决定和同学一起去敬老院为他们举办一场节目。
An intended(计划好的) activity about visiting the nursing home will be carried out(被进行,被举办) by my classmates and me, the purpose of which is to colour (使..多姿多彩) life of the elderly.
[2014全国I]为了提高自己的英语水平并开拓眼界,我想参加你们学校的暑假英语课程。
I would like to participate in your summer courses advertised in the newspaper, aiming to improve my English level and broaden my horizons.
[2013全国I]为了参加一个重要会议,我叔叔李明将要去你的城市。
My uncle, Li Ming, is going to visit your city, aiming to take part in an important meeting.
[2012全国I]为了介绍中国并了解其他国家,我想参加你们学校的夏令营。
I am looking forward to participating in the summer camp held by your school, the purpose of which is to make a brief introduction about China to foreigners and know more about other countries.
III. Matters Needing Attention
已经学了这么多,感觉是不是棒棒哒!但是,我发现学生会经常犯1个错误。[2013全国I]这么表达“我写这封信的目的是想让你到机场接我的叔叔。”可不可以写成I am writing this letter, aiming to ask if it is convenient for you to pick up my uncle at the airport.
当你学会一个招数的时候,不仅要知道什么时候可以用,还要知道什么时候不能用。比如你学了一个特别牛逼的武术,特别厉害,李小龙被你打趴下了。但是现在你在街上遇到了一个人,虽然他不会武功,但是他手里拿了一把枪..你怎么办啊?再调戏一下?赶紧跑吧..
当你表达“我写信的目的是..”,通常不能用aiming to..也不能用the purpose of which..,因为这是典型的中文思维,不是英语思维。(和上文的主语不同)除了这种情况,其他情况都可以用。
四、There be句型 大包小
I. Basic Concept
高考写作相似度很高的!不信?请看![2014全国I]关于这个课程,我有很多疑惑,比如课堂的规模,开始结束的时间和具体的价格。[2011全国]当我学习英语的时候,我遇到了很多问题,比如发音,词汇和阅读等。[2015全国II]我们将会进行很多活动,如包饺子,表演节目和讲故事等。[2015全国I]我们英语报“外国文化”栏目包含很多有趣的内容,比如国外风俗习惯,中外文化差异以及国外生活趣闻等。[2013全国]有很多事情你可能需要了解,包括你叔叔的特征,时间和地点等。
找到共同点了吗?都是“..有很多..,比如..”。你的第一反应是哪个?我们中文“..有很多..,比如..”,用英文思维怎么表达?不要用“我”来开头,否则就和高考的评分标准背道而驰,因为高考的评分标准里面有一句话叫做“词汇丰富,语言多样”。要学会替换!“我有很多疑惑”就可以说成“有很多疑惑困惑了我”,“我遇到了一些问题”就可以说成“有很多问题使我感到很迷惑”,“我们进行了很多活动”就可以说成“有很多活动被我们举办”,这就叫“大包小”句型,都可以使用:
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence IV. There + be +n., consisting of A, B as well as C.
including A, B as well as C.
[2014全国I]关于这个课程,我有很多疑惑,比如课堂的规模,开始和结束的时间以及确切的价格。
There are quite a few questions confusing me, consisting of the size of the classes, the start and end times as well as the exact price.
[*1.许多:plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词;2.各种各样:a variety of +可数名词复数=various +可数名词复数;3.大量的:quite a few+可数名词复数。]
[2011全国]当我学习英语的时候,我遇到了很多问题,比如发音,词汇和阅读等。
There is a variety of questions flooding to my mind(向我涌来,构建非谓语动词) when I learn English, including spoken English, words, and reading.
[2015全国II]我们将会进行很多活动,如包饺子,表演节目和讲故事等。
There is a variety of activities to be held(将要被举办,构建非谓语动词), including making dumplings, making performances as well as sharing stories.
[2015全国I]我们英语报“外国文化”栏目包含很多有趣的内容,比如国外风俗习惯,中外文化差异以及国外生活趣闻等。
There is a variety of interesting contents(内容) contained(被包含) in the Foreign Culture columns(栏目), including foreign customs, differences between China and other countries as well as interesting life styles of foreign countries.
[2013全国]有很多事情你可能需要了解,包括你叔叔的特征,时间和地点等。
There are numerous(很多的,大量的) details that you may want to know, consisting of my uncle’s appearance, time of arrival and flight number.
III. Matters Needing Attention
常见错误总结:1.记得转换“第一思维”。尝试多用there be句型替换have;2.there be 句型中的be动词的单复数取决于后面的名词;3.表示“包含”时,include和consist记得使用非谓语动词形式。
五、Not only开头部分倒装 不仅而且
I. Basic Concept
我们来分析五篇全国卷真题:[2015全国I]这个活动不仅能够快速提升我的英语水平,而且还能增进来自不同国家的人们之间的了解。[2014全国II]这个工作不仅能满足我家庭的需要,而且还能给我带来自豪感。[2011全国II]通过你们的报纸,我不仅能够了解到本周国内外的重要事情,而且还能够了解到名人的成功故事。[2010全国I]这不仅能提高他们的英语口语,而且还能给他们带来很多快乐。[2010全国II]我们的活动不仅很有趣而且还很有意义。
需要注意常见的三个错误:1.not only位于句首,后面的倒装用错;2.also的位置用错;3.并列的部分是形容词或名词短语的时候用错。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
[错误1] not only后面是怎样的倒装结构呢?Not only+一般疑问句,but also+陈述句.
Sentence V. Not only+助动词+主语+谓语,but+主语+also+谓语。
Not only.., but.. as well.*
[2015全国I]这个活动不仅能够快速提升我的英语水平,而且还能增进来自不同国家的人们之间的了解。
The activity will not only boost my English level faster, but it can also enhance the mutual(相互的) understanding among people from different backgrounds.
转换:Not only will the activity boost my English level faster,.. .
[2014全国II]这个工作不仅能满足我家庭的需要,而且还能给我带来自豪感。
The job will not only satisfy the needs of my family, but it will also fill me with a sense of pride.
转换:Not only will the job satisfy the needs of my family, .. .
[*常见的助动词包含:1.do, does, did;(2.be动词;)3.can, may, will, should等情态动词;4.have, has, had。 ^]
[错误2]also到底放在哪里呢?also通常放在助动词之后,实意动词之前。
如:.., but I can also understand how a person can work hard to make.. .如果记不住,没关系,换一个简单的句型!Not only.., but.. as well.即:
[2011全国II]通过你们的报纸,我不仅能够了解到本周国内外的重要事情,而且还能够了解到名人的成功故事。
By reading your newspaper, not only can I learn all important things that have happened during the week from both national and international news, but I can understand how a person can work hard to make the world a better place as well.
[2010全国I]这不仅能提高他们的英语口语,而且还能给他们带来很多快乐。
Not only did it improve their spoken English, but it also brought them much fun. Not only did it improve their spoken English, but it brought them much fun as well. [*不用担心also的位置,并且also意思同as well。]
[错误3]如果并列的部分是形容词或名词短语,应该用什么句型更合适呢?
[2010全国II]我们的活动不仅很有趣而且还很有意义。
直接用The activity is both interesting and meaningful.
[*连接的是两个短语/形容词,我的老外朋友说用not only倒装有点奇怪,他们一般直接用both.. and或and。]
Sentence VI. SVO, which will not only be adj. and adj. but also VO.
[adj.是对活动/事件的评价,VO是该活动/事件的作用/目的。]
[1]主句,这件事不仅仅是有意义的和有趣的,而且可以给他们带来快乐和幸福感。
SVO, which will not only be meaningful and interesting but also bring them joy and happiness.
[2]主句,这件事不仅仅是有意义的和很重要的,而且可以加强校园文化建设。
SVO, which will not only be meaningful and significant but also strengthen the construction of campus culture.
[3]主句,这件事不仅仅是有意义的和很重要的,而且可以扩展我们关于..的知识。
SVO, which will not only be meaningful and significant but also broaden our knowledge about..
[4]我们应该保持均衡的饮食结构和规律的睡眠时间,这件事不仅仅是有意义的和很重要的,而且可以实现工作和生活之间的平衡。
We are supposed to have a balanced diet and keep a regular sleep schedule, which will not only be meaningful and significant but also achieve a work-life balance.
III. Matters Needing Attention
常见错误总结:1.not only位于句首,后面的倒装形式是Not only+一般疑问句,but also+陈述句.可以升级为更高级句式Not only+助动词+主语+谓语,but+主语+also+谓语。2.also的位置特殊注意,也可以直接使用Not only.., but.. as well.。3.连接的是两个短语/形容词,一般直接用both.. and或and。引入同时融合非限定性定语从句和倒装句的设计SVO, which will not only be adj. and adj. but also VO.
六、Only开头部分倒装 只有..才..
I. Basic Concept
以下题干内容基本一致:[2012全国]只有这样才能更快地提高我的英语水平。[2010全国]只有通过这种方式,学生才能找到作业的乐趣,并且对学习感兴趣。[2014全国II]只有当我们言行一致,才能在我们无论期盼什么的时候,都能有所成就。[2014全国]只有通过这种方式,我才能独立并且真的成功。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence VII. Only+状语/状语从句+一般疑问句
Only when+ SVO can you/we/they +VO*
[2012全国]只有这样才能更快地提高我的英语水平。
Only in this way can I boost(提升) my English level faster.
[2010全国]只有通过这种方式,学生才能找到作业的乐趣,并且对学习感兴趣。
Only in this way can the students find pleasure in their homework and become more interested in study.
[2014全国II]只有当我们言行一致,才能在我们无论期盼什么的时候,都能有所成就。
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish(获得,实现).
[2014全国]只有通过这种方式,我才能独立并且真的成功。
Only in this way can I grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
补充:Only+状语从句的倒装常用范例。
[1]只有当我们着眼于长远利益而不是眼前利益,我们才能实现可持续发展。
Only when we focus on long-term interests rather than the short-term interests can we achieve sustainable development.
[2]只有保持健康的生活方式,我们才能实现工作和生活之间的平衡。
Only when we lead a healthy lifestyle can we achieve a work-life balance.
[3]只有保持均衡的饮食结构和规律的睡眠时间,我们才能提高注意力和记忆力。
Only when we have a balanced diet and keep a regular sleep schedule can we improve concentration and memory.
[4]只有更高效地使用自然资源,我们才能促进可持续发展。
Only when we use natural resources more efficiently can we promote sustainable development.
[5]只有当我们尊重他们的感受并支持他们的选择,我们才能给他们带来快乐和幸福感。
Only when we respect their feelings and support their choices can we bring them joy and happiness.
[6]只有扩展他们的兴趣爱好并获得实践经验,他们才能提升自己的综合能力。
Only by broadening their interests and gaining practical experience can they improve their comprehensive ability.
III. Matters Needing Attention
注意倒装句的形式不要用错,倒装句是一般疑问语序,建议多背诵例句。如:
A)在我看来,只有通过共同工作,帮助彼此,我们才能建立一个更加和谐的社会。From my personal point of view, only by working together and helping each other can we build a more harmonious world.
B)只有通过这样做,我们才能有一个美好的明天。Only in this way can we have a brighter future.
C)只有通过这种方式,他们才能跟上高速发展的现代社会的脚步。Only in this way can they keep in pace with the fast-developing modern world.
D)只有通过这种方式,我们和家长才能真的像朋友一样沟通。Only in this way can we and parents communicate like true friends.
七、形式主语 ..是怎么样的
I. Basic Concept
我们看下面这些考题:[2015全国I]我不知道你是否方便可以帮我们写一份关于美国节日风俗的文章。[2013全国]你能去机场接他,把他带去酒店真是太善良了。[2008全国II]学习并且演唱中文歌是很重要的,因为你通过做这样的事,你会学习并且更容易记得中国汉字。[2008全国II]首先,上一个汉语课对你来说是很重要的,因为你能够从老师那里学习,和同学练习。都有什么?都有“..是怎么样的”。
中文思维:对于某人,做某事是怎么样的。
英文思维:是怎么样的,对于某人做某事。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence VIII. It is +adj. +for sb to do/that从句
It is +of +n. to do
[2015全国I]我不知道你是否方便可以帮我们写一份关于美国节日风俗的文章。
I wonder if it is convenient for you to write an article about western culture.
[2013全国]你能去机场接他,把他带去酒店真是太善良了。
It is so kind that you can meet him at the airport and take him to his hotel.
[2008全国II]学习并且演唱中文歌是很重要的,因为你通过做这样的事,你会学习并且更容易记得中国汉字。
It is of great importance to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.
[2008全国II]首先,上一个汉语课对你来说是很重要的,因为你能够从老师那里学习,和同学练习。
First and foremost, it is of great importance for you to take a Chinese course, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. [*用it is important..的同学都应该去死10分钟,take a course是高考完形填空中常见的,据我所知已经考了4次。fellow是口语中的“家伙”,这里表示感情比较亲密。]
III. Matters Needing Attention
常见错误总结:1.注意时态要保持一致。如It is important that we do more exercise every day.里面用was就错了。2.注意It is +of +n. to do结构的使用。如:It is of importance to plant trees.= It is important to plant trees.
八、形式宾语 某人认为/发现/觉得做某事是怎么样的
I. Basic Concept
趁高考英语写作的很多技巧和“秘籍”还没被泛化,一定要掌握好,尽情虐别人。我们来看下面这些考题:[2015全国I]我认为这是一个了解国外文化的好机会。[2014全国]我认为这次学习对我去英国学习很有帮助。[2010全国]你会发现融入我们很容易,因为我们都想要和你交朋友。[2012全国II]小明一定发现了他生日那天很奇怪,他一张祝福卡都没收到。他不会想到一场惊喜正在等待他。[2011全国I]我的英语还可以。在学习过程中有两个主要问题,我感觉记牢单词很难,并且经常在说英语时很紧张。都有什么?都有“某人认为/发现/觉得做某事是怎么样的”。
怎么写“某人认为/发现/觉得做某事是怎么样的”?你的第一反应是什么?千万不要写成I think..,否则阅卷老师都吐了。
中文思维:某人认为+做某事+是怎么样的。
英文思维:某人认为+是怎么样的+做某事。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence IX. Sb.+谓语+ it+ adj. +to do/that从句
Sb.+谓语+ it+ n. +to do/that从句
[2015全国I]我认为这是一个了解国外文化的好机会。
I believe it a great opportunity for me to learn about different cultures and custom of their countries.
[2014全国]我认为这次学习对我去英国学习很有帮助。
I believe it beneficial for me to learn the course, which will contribute(对..有帮助/贡献) a lot to my future study in England.
[2010全国]你会发现融入我们很容易,因为我们都想要和你交朋友。(纯英文思维)
You will find it easy to join us since we all want to make friends with you.
[2012全国II]小明一定发现了他生日那天很奇怪,他一张祝福卡都没收到。他不会想到一场惊喜正在等待他。
Xiao Ming must have found it strange on his birthday that he did not receive a single greeting card from us. He would have never thought a complete surprise was waiting for him.
[2011全国I]我的英语还可以。在学习过程中有两个主要问题,我感觉记牢单词很难,并且经常在说英语时很紧张。
My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English. [*表示“认为”的时候,可以用(think,)believe, consider, find, feel等。]
III. Matters Needing Attention
常见错误总结:*在形式宾语句式中的it和真正的宾语从句之间不要添加be动词,切记,不要添加。如: We believe it is true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor.绝对错误,重复且赘余,老外不使用。应该把第一个is去掉,即: We believe it true that the human body is also a kind of good conductor. 后面的that引导了真正的宾语从句。
九、特殊倒装 虽然..但是
I. Basic Concept
[2006全国II]虽然我只是一个小孩,但是我知道很多。[2013全国II]虽然我们很辛苦,但是我们很高兴。[2013全国I]虽然我们很累,但我们感觉很开心,因为我们所有的工作都得到了好结果。[2012全国I]虽然好成绩对于评估学生和未来大学入学是很重要的因素,但是智慧,情感,健康和人生态度的发展也是不容忽视的。
英语怎么说“虽然..但是..”呢?though? although? even if/though? 以前讲倒装句讲义的时候就预示了“虽然..但是”的倒装句是可以用来写作的。即直接把形容词或名词放在前面,然后后面加though或as,加主语加be动词。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence X. adj./n.+ though/as+主语+be, 主句.
[2006全国II]虽然我只是一个小孩,但是我知道很多。
Little child though I am, I know a lot.
[*注意:名词开头,是可数名词的话,前面不能加冠词。这句话如果你会写的话,那么所有的申请信都可以使用了,比如说我要参加一个志愿者活动,就是:*虽然我只是一个高中生,但是我对中国的文化很了解。Senior high school student though I am, I have broad horizons about Chinese culture.]
[2013全国II]虽然我们很辛苦,但是我们很高兴。
Exhausted though we were, we felt a great joy from the bottom of our hearts.
[*注意:exhausted替换tired,表示“劳累的”;feel a great joy或者feel delighted替换feel happy,表示“感到高兴”。]
[2013全国I]虽然我们很累,但我们感觉很开心,因为我们所有的工作都得到了好结果。
Exhausted though we were, we felt delighted as all of our work paid off.
[2012全国I]虽然好成绩对于评估学生和未来大学入学是很重要的因素,但是智慧,情感,健康和人生态度的发展也是不容忽视的。
先提取主干结构,虽然好成绩是很重要的因素,significant factor though high grades are;再接上状语,对于评估学生和未来大学入学,in evaluating students and for our future university admission;最后设计主句,development in wisdom, emotion, health and life attitude should never be ignored.
Significant factor though high grades are in evaluating students and for our future university admission, development in wisdom, emotion, health and life attitude should never be ignored.*
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]喜欢才会放肆,但爱却会克制。不仅要知道什么时候可以用,还要知道什么时候不能用。下面这两句话哪个对?
A) Knowledgeable as he is, the professor remains modest.
B) Knowledgeable as is he, the professor remains modest.
[*A句对,B句错。注意语序,adj./n.+ though/as+主语+be, 主句.。]
[2]再比如下面这两句哪个对?
A) Devoted though dogs are to us human beings, do we seldom think about what they need and care about.
B) Devoted though dogs are to us human beings, we seldom think about what they need and care about.
[*A句错,B句对。注意逗号后面的语序,逗号后面用正常语序。]
常见错误总结:1.as/though后面用陈述语序;2.逗号后面的主句用陈述语序,正常说话;3.该倒装不能用although。
十、独立主格结构 两个主语,两个动作
I. Basic Concept
[2013全国II]当老人走进来的时候,我们起立为他鼓掌。[2010全国II]这么多景点可以参观,我感到很兴奋。[2011全国II]随着上面提及的改变付诸实际,我们肯定在读过新版本的报纸后会有一个更好的体验。[2010全国I]有很多困难要解决,我作为新选举出来的学生会主席,正面临很多问题。
相同的地方是..“两个主语发出两个动作”。我们之前讲过如何设计“同一主语发出两个不同的动作”*,内个是经典的非谓语动词写作设计。现在也表示伴随,不过是两个主语发出两个动作。比如“当老人走进来的时候,我们起立为他鼓掌。”这句话,这里有两个主语,一个是老人,一个是我们。老人发出什么动作?走进来。我们发出什么动作?起立给他鼓掌。这时候我们用独立主格结构来设计这句话。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XI. With+主语+非谓语动词, 主句.
[2013全国II]当老人走进来的时候,我们起立为他鼓掌。
With the aged man entering the room, we stood up and applauded to him.
[*表示“老年人”的几种表达:the elderly, the aged/elderly/senior people..]
[2010全国II]这么多景点可以参观,我感到很兴奋。
With so many tourist attractions to visit, I feel excited.
[2011全国II]随着上面提及的改变付诸实际,我们肯定在读过新版本的报纸后会有一个更好的体验。
With the above-mentioned alterations taken into account, we’ll surely have a better experience after reading the new edition of the newspaper.
[2010全国I]有很多困难要解决,我作为新选举出来的学生会主席,正面临很多问题。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, I, the newly elected chairman of the Student Union, am having a hard time.
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]以下哪个句子可以用这个句式设计呢?
A)太阳当空照,花儿对我笑。
B)天青色等烟雨,而我在等你。
C)做完晚饭,她开始浇花。
[*AB句对,C句错。其实你如果想用那个独立主格结构的写作设计,你需要满足两个条件,第一个是你要找到两个主语和两个动作,第二个是这两个动作是同时发生的。]
[2]再比如下面这两句哪个对?
A) The park was full of the freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun is shining and birds are singing.
B) The park was full of the freshness and beauty of spring, with the sun shining and birds singing.
[*A句错,B句对。A句动词冲突了,做题时时刻注意动词冲突原则,with的复合结构中要用非谓语动词形式。]
常见错误总结:1.句子中如果是同主语发出两个不同的动作,则使用非谓语动词的写作设计。如果是两个主语发出两个动作,则使用独立主格结构的写作设计。2.注意with的复合结构中要用非谓语动词形式。
十一、to做介词 因为..所以
I. Basic Concept
[2013全国I]因为你要去机场,能否请你帮我接我叔叔呢?[2012全国I]总的来说,我特别想要这份工作,因为这是一个社交和娱乐都不可多得的机会。[2012全国I]因为读了很多书,我在语言学习上基础很扎实。[2010湖南]多亏了大家齐心协力,这场演出才能成功。
都是“因为..所以..”,“多亏”就是“因为”。那么用英语怎么表达呢?because?so? 那肯定不是啊。首先要注意区分“因为”后面的几种情况:(1)如果后面是一个正常陈述,用since+句子;(2)如果后面是一个负面原因,特别是困难或者失败,一般用due to sth./doing sth.,朗文中就是这么解释的;(3)如果后面是一个正面原因,用owing to doing sth.(归功于..)或者thanks to doing sth.(多亏了..),但是要注意,owing to结构是非谓语动词,而thanks to结构是谓语动词。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XII. since+句子*
due to sth./doing sth.* owing/thanks to doing sth.*
[2013全国I]因为你要去机场,能否请你帮我接我叔叔呢?
Since you’re going to the airport, would you please pick up my uncle for me?
[2012全国I]总的来说,我特别想要这份工作,因为这是一个社交和娱乐都不可多得的机会。
All in all, I am in great want of this position, since it would be a rare opportunity for social activity as well as leisure time.
[2012全国I]因为读了很多书,我在语言学习上基础很扎实。
Owing to reading a great variety of books, I have laid(建立) a solid foundation in language learning.^
[2010湖南]多亏了大家齐心协力,这场演出才能成功。
The performance was a total success, and it was all thanks to the effort and commitment(齐心/忠诚) of everyone involved. ^
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]下面哪个句子不合适?
A) Owing to reading a great variety of books, I have laid a solid foundation in language learning.
B) Owing to read a great variety of books, I have laid a solid foundation in language learning.
[*B句不合适。注意这里to是介词,后面加doing sth.或者sth.。]
[2]下面哪句话是正确的?
A) Our school is going to publish a serious of passages in the Foreign Culture column, aim to broaden students’ horizons about American customs and the life of local pupils.
B) Our school is going to publish a serious of passages in the Foreign Culture column, aiming to broaden students’ horizons about American customs and the life of local pupils.
[*B句正确。在上一份写作句式设计文件中的第三设计“非谓语动词与非限 为了啥”部分,大量展示了如何使用Sentence III. SVO, aiming to.. 或SVO, the purpose of which is to do..来表示“为了..,某人做某事”。]
十二、英式思维 无灵主语
I. Basic Concept
[2012全国I]我有很多关于暑假夏令营的问题,包括时间安排,地点和其他要求。[2012全国II]我们有很多想法,包括唱歌,跳舞和送祝福卡。[2011全国]我们学英语的时候有很多问题,包括口语,单词和阅读。[2005全国II]大家聚在一起进行讨论。不一会,我们就想到了很多主意。[2001全国]放学后,同学们对关于周末的安排进行了热烈的讨论。我们想到了很多主意,最后决定去爬山。
老规矩,找相同点喽。都有什么?“想到很多主意”。各位平时不仅仅要注意句式的设计,更要注意英式思维的训练。比如常见思维“我们想到了很多主意”,用高分思维表达就是“很多主意出现在我们脑海中”;对应常见句型“We thought many ideas.”,用高分句型表达就是“Many ideas flashed/flooded to our minds.”这种设计,官方称作“无灵主语”,其实就是基本的英式思维。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XIII. S flashed/flooded to O, consisting of A, B as well as C.
S flashed/flooded to O, including A, B as well as C.
[2012全国I]我有很多关于暑假夏令营的问题,包括时间安排,地点和其他要求。
Many questions for the summer camp flashed to my mind, including time arrangement, camp sites as well as other requirements. ^
[2012全国II]我们有很多想法,包括唱歌,跳舞和送祝福卡。
Many ideas flooded to our minds, including singing songs, dancing as well as sending him blessing cards. ^
[2011全国]我们学英语的时候有很多问题,包括口语,单词和阅读。
There is a variety of questions flashing to our minds when we learn English, including how to improve spoken English, words, and reading. ^
[2005全国II]大家聚在一起进行讨论。不一会,我们就想到了很多主意。
We put our heads together and had a discussion. After a while, many ideas flooded to our minds. ^
[2001全国]放学后,同学们对关于周末的安排进行了热烈的讨论。我们想到了很多主意,最后决定去爬山。
After school, I, together with my classmates, had a heated discussion about what to do in the coming weekend. Many ideas flashed to our minds and finally we decided to climb the mountain. ^
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]下面哪个句子不合适?
A) There are a variety of questions flashing to our minds.
B) There is a variety of questions flashing to our minds.
[*A句不合适。多背诵例句There is a variety of questions flashing to our minds.。]
[2]下面哪个句子不合适?
A) After a while, many ideas flooded to our minds.
B) After a while, many ideas flooded to our minds.
[*A句不合适。注意单词拼写。]
常见错误总结:1.搭配错误;2.单词拼写错误。注意背诵复习前一份写作句式设计文件,如在第四个句式设计“There be句型 大包小”模块中,[2015全国II]There is a variety of activities to be held, including making dumplings, making performances as well as sharing stories.*
十三、倒装加状语从句 如此..以至于
I. Basic Concept
我们要锻炼从思维的角度提升自己的写作水平,先请大家用“如此..以至于”造句。
[2015全国II]假如你是李华,计划和同学去敬老院陪老人过重阳节。请给外教露西写封邮件,邀她一同前往..怎么写?A)如此有趣这个活动以至于我们都被吸引了。B)这个活动如此有趣以至于我们都被吸引了。
[2014陕西]假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一片欢迎词..怎么写?A)这个活动如此的有意义以至于我们决定每个星期都要组织一次。B)如此的有意义这个活动以至于我们决定每个星期都要组织一次。
思维决定行为,想到什么样的中文,就会写出什么样的英文。如果你想的是酱婶儿的中文,如“这个活动如此有趣以至于我们都被吸引了。” 你会写成这样“The activity was so interesting that all of us were attracted.”。又如“这个活动如此的有意义以至于我们决定每个星期都要组织一次。”,你会写成“The activity was so meaningful that we decided to organize once every week.”。然而,如果你想的是酱婶儿的中文,就会写出酱婶儿的英文,如“如此有趣这个活动以至于我们都被吸引了。”,你会写成“So interesting was the activity that all of us were attracted.”。又如“如此的有意义这个活动以至于我们决定每个星期都要组织一次。”,你会写成“So meaningful was the activity that we decided to organize once every week.”。你也知道思维会决定行为,通常思维会导致你使用通常句式,高分思维会导致你使用高分句式。因此,想写出高分句式,我们要完成两个训练:1.高分思维训练;2.高分句式训练。
通常思维:S +be so +adj. that +SVO.
高分思维:So +adj. be+ S +that +SVO.
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XIV. So +adj. be+ S +that +SVO.
[2014福建]我如此兴奋以至于等不及要开始骑车。(如此兴奋的是我,..好恶心啊)
So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to try my hand at riding it.
[2011江西]空气质量是如此差以至于我们应该停课。
So bad is the quality of the air that we should cancel classes.
[2006全国II]我是如此激动以至于马上写信申请这个职位。(如此兴奋的是我,..真恶心啊)
So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to apply for the position when I learned about the news.
[2015全国II]这个活动如此有趣以至于我们都被吸引了,我认为我们以后应该多举办类似的活动。
So interesting was the activity that all of us were attracted. I suppose we should organize more activities like this in the future.
[2014陕西/2013江西]这个活动如此的有意义以至于我们决定每个星期都要组织一次。
So meaningful was the activity that we decided to organize once every week. III. Matters Needing Attention
已经学了这么多,感觉是不是棒棒哒?但是,经过3901个学生的教学实践会发现,学生会经常犯两个错误。
[1]下面哪个句子不合适?
A) So nice is the weather that we should not have classes.
B) So nice the weather is that we should not have classes.
[*A句对,B句错。要注意语序问题,我们说了是so开头,后面是形容词,然后是be动词,然后是主语..]
[2]下面哪个句子不合适?
A) So strange is the place here to us that we lost our way back home.
B) So strange was the place here to us that we lost our way back home.
[*A句错,B句对。要注意时态问题,特别是全国卷写作,都是应用文,如果是描述过去的事情,应该用一般过去时。lost是过去时啊..正常是lose。]
常见错误总结:1.一般疑问句语序错误;2.be动词时态错误。
十四、强调结构 就是../只有..
I. Basic Concept
[2014全国II]重要的不是你赚多少钱,而是你和家人分享的幸福。[2010湖北]就是一个微笑能消除两个陌生人之间的隔阂。[2007全国I]当你遇到挫折,是你的朋友安慰你。[2007全国I]当你获得了成功,是你的朋友与你分享喜悦。[2006全国I]重要的不是你读了多少书,而是你读什么。
其实都蕴含了“重要的是..”这个结构,那么用哪个句型呢?very important?very very important?怪不得你分数总是提不上去呢!表示“重要的”时候,我们可以用上一份写作句式设计文件中讲过的“What matters most is..”句型,也可以用“It is of great importance that..”句型,但是我们本次学习新的句式设计—强调句。最方便的就是强调主语,你正常写个句子,就是主谓宾,也不像日语和德语一样,是主宾谓。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XV. It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他
[2014全国II]重要的不是你赚多少钱,而是你和家人分享的幸福。
It is not how much you earn but the happiness you share with your family that really matters. ^
[2010湖北]就是一个微笑能消除两个陌生人之间的隔阂。
It is a smile that will tear down the wall between strangers.
[2007全国I]当你遇到挫折,是你的朋友安慰你。
It is your friends who cheer you up when encountering setbacks.
[2007全国I]当你获得了成功,是你的朋友与你分享喜悦。
It is your friends who share your happiness when you make an achievement.
[2006全国I]重要的不是你读了多少书,而是你读什么。
It is not how much you read but what you read that really matters. ^
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]下面哪个句子正确?
A) I’m sorry to inform you that it was on the third floor not the second floor that we’ll have the meeting.
B) I’m sorry to inform you that it is on the third floor not the second floor that we’ll have the meeting.
[*A句错,B句对。前后时态要保持一致。]
[2]下面哪个句子正确?
A) It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
B) It were not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
[*A句对,B句错。注意,强调句的be动词,要么就是is,要么就是was,不存在第三种情况。]
十五、固定搭配 应该
I. Basic Concept
[2015全国II]班级里每个同学都感到应该参与其中,贡献自己的力量。因为这不仅仅是一次表演,更是一种荣誉。[2015全国II]我们每个人都应该参与到这个活动中。[2008全国II]你应该立刻上一门汉语课,因为你能够向老师学习,和同学练习。你应该学习唱中文歌,因为这样做你会更容易记住汉字。[2005全国]我们应当用批判的眼光看问题。[2002全国]我们在处理问题时应具有首创精神。
很容易看出共同点是不是?都是“我们应该做..”。那么有哪些结构可以替换should do?用be/feel obliged to do(有必要做某事),或者be/feel supposed to do(应该做某事)。[*oblige v. to force sb. to do sth., by law, because it is a duty, etc. *suppose v. to be expected or required to do sth. according to a rule, a custom, an arrangement, etc.]
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XVI. be obliged to do sth. = be supposed to do sth.
[2015全国II]班级里每个同学都感到应该参与其中,贡献自己的力量。因为这不仅仅是一次表演,更是一种荣誉。
Every single member of the classroom felt so obliged to get involved and make his or her contribution, for it was not merely a performance, but a sense of honor.
[2015全国II]我们每个人都应该参与到这个活动中。
Each one of my classmates is obliged to participate in this activity.
[2008全国II]你应该立刻上一门汉语课,因为你能够向老师学习,和同学练习。你应该学习唱中文歌,因为这样做你会更容易记住汉字。
You are supposed to take a Chinese course immediately/without delay, as you’ll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. You are obliged to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.
[2005全国]我们应当用批判的眼光看问题。
We are supposed to look at the problems in a critical perspective(角度/眼光).
[2002全国]我们在处理问题时应具有首创精神。
We are obliged to take initiative in dealing with the crisis.
III. Matters Needing Attention
下面哪个句子不合适?
A) We are oblige to take initiative in dealing with the crisis.
B) We are obliged to take initiative in dealing with the crisis.
[*A句错,B句对。注意拼写形式,单词拼写要熟练,be obliged/supposed to do结构中的obliged/supposed皆为ed形式。]
十六、同位语与定语从句/非谓语 自我介绍
I. Basic Concept
[2010全国]我是李华,是红星中学的学生会主席。我们学校离你们大学很近。[2010天津]我是李华,现在就读于晨光高中,高二一班。[2008全国]我叫李华,17岁,是一个阳光大男孩。现在在红星中学读高中。[2006全国]我叫李华,男,17岁,是名高中生。..
这些都是作文开篇常见的自我介绍,自我介绍大家都会写,可是怎么拿高分?今天我们呈现一个能得高分的句型。当你想表达“我是谁,职位/身份,其他内容。”的时候,可以写成“I am Li Hua, 同位语,定语/非谓语.”。
II. Sentence Pattern Design
Sentence XVII. I am Li Hua, 同位语,定语从句/非谓语.
[2010全国]我是李华,是红星中学的学生会主席。我们学校离你们大学很近。
I’m Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union at Hongxing Middle School, which is close to your university.
[2010天津]我是李华,现在就读于晨光高中,高二一班。
I am Li Hua, a student in Class One, Senior Two, attending Chenguang High School presently.
[*a student in Class One, Senior Two前面有a,而chairman of the Student Union at Hongxing Middle School前面没有a。因为chairman是职务,student是身份,当该名词是表示职务的时候前面一般不加冠词。]
[2008全国]我叫李华,17岁,是一个阳光大男孩。现在在红星中学读高中。
I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old sunshine boy, attending Hongxing Middle School currently.
[2006全国]我叫李华,男,17岁,是名高中生。
I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old sunshine boy, attending a high school currently.
III. Matters Needing Attention
[1]以下哪种表达更好?
A) I am Li Hua. I’m a student in class One, Senior Two. I presently study at Chenguang High School.
B) I am Li Hua, a student in class One, Senior Two, attending Chenguang High School presently.
[*B句表达更好。注意高考写作中,要避免使用简单的主谓宾结构。]
[2]以下句子错误的有?
A) My name is Li Hua, a boy of 17, currently studying at a high school.
B) My name is Li Hua, a boy of 17, currently study at a high school.
C)My name is Li Hua is a boy of 17, currently study at a high school.
[*BC句错。BC句违反了基本的动词冲突原则,在简单句中有且只有一个谓语。]