2021-2022学年甘肃省金昌市第一中学高二下学期期中英语试题含解析

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 金昌市第一中学2021-2022学年第二学期期中考试
高二英语
（本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟）
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分：单项填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1. The medicine bought at a high price turned out to have no _____.
A. influence B. result C. effect D. risk
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：花了高价钱买来的药证明是没有作用的。A.influence影响；B.result结果；C.effect影响；作用；D.risk风险；根据上文的“The medicine bought at a high price”可知是高价买的药去没有作用，没有效果，effect符合语境，故选C。
2. The program has made great progress ______ little support from the government.
A. due to B. with regard to C. instead of D. in spite of
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：尽管政府给予很少的支持，但这个项目仍取得了巨大的成就。A. due to 由于；B. with regard to 关于，至于；C. instead of 而不是；D. in spite of 尽管，虽然。根据句意可知，此处应用in spite of，表示“尽管”，表让步，为状语。故选D项。
3. Adolescents need adults to guide them; otherwise, ______ is easy for them to get into trouble.
A. that B. which C. it D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：青少年需要成年人的引导；否则，他们很容易陷入麻烦。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少句子的主语，真正的主语为不定式to get into trouble，空处用it作形式主语。故选C项。
4. Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A. that; where B. which; that C. where; that D. which; where
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗？根据句子结构，第一空为which引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the village，先行词在定语从句中作live in的宾语，应用关系代词which引导；分析句子，全句使用了强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式，本句强调的是原句中地点状语“in the village where we used to live in”，句子其它部分由that引出。故选B。
5. Carelessness is something you must quit ______ a higher position in the company.
A. offering B. being offered C. to offer D. to be offered
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要想在公司被提拔，你必须改掉粗心大意的毛病。分析可知，you must quit为定语从句修饰something，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的，动词offer和you之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式，表示“为了被提供更高的职位”。故选D项。
6. That was really a splendid evening. It’s years I enjoyed myself so much.
A. when B. that
C. before D. since
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查连词。句意：那真是一个美妙的夜晚。我已经好多年没有这么开心了。考查固定句型It's years since... “自从……有多长时间了”。故选D项。
7. Lily ______ shyly at the young man from behind her friends and left quickly.
A. glanced B. appeared C. glared D. stared
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：莉莉害羞地从她的朋友后面看了那个年轻人一眼，然后迅速离开了。 A. glanced瞥；B. appeared出现；C. glared怒视、瞪眼；D. stared凝视。根据shyly及left quickly可知，Lily很害羞，因此，仅仅瞥了一眼。故选A项。
8. To our surprise, most residents living nearby choose to ______ the noise from the factory and even keep quiet when interviewed by reporters.
A. catch up with B. put up with C. come up with D. keep up with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：让我们惊讶的是，大多数住在附近的居民选择忍受工厂的噪音，甚至在接受记者采访时保持安静。A. catch up with赶上、追上；B. put up with忍受；C. come up with想出、提出；D. keep up with跟上、与……保持同步。根据“even keep quiet when interviewed by reporters”可知，居民选择忍受工厂的噪音。故选B项。
9. He has contributed a number of articles ______ solving the problem.
A. about B. to C. in D. with
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查介词搭配。句意：他已经就解决这一问题投了大量的稿件。结合句意可知，空格处选用介词to构成固定搭配contribute...to...，意为“给……投稿；贡献，捐助”。故选B项。
10. There is some doubt ______ he will be elected.
A. what B. if C. that D. whether
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：他是否会将会当选还有些疑问。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导的是同位语从句，对doubt进行解释。doubt意为“怀疑”，表示不确定。所以使用whether。if在引导名词性从句时也可意为“是否”，但不能引导同位语从句。故选D。
11. ______ those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
A. Seen B. To see C. Seeing D. Being seen
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到这些照片，她想起了她的童年。分析句子可知，谓语动词为remembered，空处用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语she与see构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词seeing。故选C项。
12. We were having a meeting ______ someone broke in.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定句型be doing...when...表示“正在做……，突然……”。故选B项。
13. The patient was warned ______oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：病人被告诫手术后不要吃油腻食物。 warn sb. not to do sth.警告某人不要做某事，该句型是固定句型。故选C。
14. There are a great ______ flowers shown in the park and ______ people go to have a look.
A. plenty of; many B. diversity of; many C. diverse; many a D. diversity; a few
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查与数量有关的名词、限定词词义辨析。句意：公园里展出了各种各样的花卉，许多人都去看一看。A. plenty of大量，many许多的；B. (a) diversity of多种多样的，many许多的；C. diverse各式各样的，many a许多的；D. diversity多样性，a few一些。根据第一空后的名词复数flowers，可用plenty of、a diversity of、diverse修饰，设空处前由不定冠词a，故排除A项、C项和D项；第二空后为名词people，为复数名词，可用many、a few修饰。many a后接单数名词。故选B项。
15. ______ any biscuits that morning, we had nothing to eat.
A. Not baking B. Not having baked C. Not being baked D. Not having been baked
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那天早上我们没有烤饼干，我们什么都没吃。分析句子结构可知，动词had在句中作谓语，空格处的动词bake作非谓语，与逻辑主语we之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，排除C项和D项；根据句意可知，动词bake发生在谓语动词had之前，强调已经发生，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，即having done结构。故选B项。
16. Mark said that he was not suitable for the job, so he decided to ______ from the company.
A. suffer B. resign C. retire D. escape
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：马克说他不适合这份工作，所以他决定从公司辞职。A. suffer受苦；B. resign辞职；C. retire退休；D. escape逃离。根据“Mark said that he was not suitable for the job”可知，Mark认为不适合这份工作，所以决定辞职。故选B项。
17. We cannot expect her to do the homework ______ look after the children.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as far as D. as long as
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语语义辨析。句意：我们不能指望她既做作业又照顾孩子。A. as good as和……一样好，不亚于；B. as well as既……又……；C. as far as远至，就……而言；D. as long as只要。根据句意可知，不能指望她既干这个又干那个。故选B项。
18. These chairs may look good, but they’re very uncomfortable ______.
A. to sit on B. to be sat on C. sit on D. sitting on
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意：这些椅子看起来不错，但它们坐起来非常不舒服。根据句子结构，此处考查be +adj+to do，形容词后的不定式作状语，句子的主语是其逻辑宾语，不定式用主动表被动，主语they可以执行这个sit on动作，故to sit on符合题意，故选A。
19. —I don’t think ______ possible for little Julia to walk around without any assistance.
—But she made it.
A. this B. she C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查代词。句意：——我认为小茱莉亚在没有任何帮助的情况下不可能四处走动。——但是她做到了。分析句子结构可知，think后缺少宾语，真正的宾语为to walk around without any assistance，此处用it作形式宾语。故选D项。
20. Since Mr. Evans took over the firm last month, he ______ to the busy schedule.
A. adapted B. has adapted C. had adapted D. adapts
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从埃文斯上个月接管该公司以来，他已经适应了繁忙的日程 。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，主句表示从过去一直延续到现在的动作，用现在完成时，主语为he，助动词用has。故选B。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Lend a Hand—Together We Can Make a Difference
Volunteer opportunities abound in the Department of Parks and Recreation. You can volunteer as a swim “buddy” in an adapted swimming class, be a summer camp volunteer, assist at fun special events like Family Skate Night and the Renaissance Fair, help to remove invasive plants from our parks, and much more.
Register to Volunteer—Fill out our secure registration forms. Your information will not be given out or sold for any reason.
Search for Opportunities—Search for service opportunities that match your interests, skills and schedule.
Login to your profile to update it and to record hours worked.
Volunteer Opportunities
iCan Bike
Can one week make a difference in the life of a child? Absolutely! iCan Bike Camp is coming to Kenmore Middle School from August 1-5. As a volunteer with iCan Bike, you can help a child with a disability learn to ride a two-wheeler independently in only five days!
Adapted Swimming
This is a swim program for individuals aged 3 to adults with developmental disabilities. Volunteers are needed to assist one on one with the participants in the water. The next session begins on Sunday, July 10.
Visual Arts Volunteers
Creative volunteers can lead visual arts projects at recreation and community centers. Volunteers will work with Community Arts staff to develop and help a variety of art activities.
Remove Invasive Plants
Join your neighbors one day every month as they restore the area’s natural plant communities. Help remove plants like English ivy and bush honeysuckle which threaten the health of Arlington’s parks and natural areas. This outdoor activity is great for groups, families and individuals.
21. The intended readers of the text are those who ______.
A. are willing to help others B. have developmental disabilities
C. study the invasive plants D. are responsible for information safety
22. What do iCan Bike and Adapted Swimming have in common?
A. Volunteers are experienced in art. B. Volunteers need to be creative.
C. Volunteers are free from July 10 to August 5. D. Volunteers will serve disabled persons.
23. If your class plan to volunteer, you may choose ______.
A. iCan Bike B. Adapted Swimming
C. Visual Arts Volunteers D. Remove Invasive Plants
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一篇招募志愿者的广告，主要介绍了四项志愿活动。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章题目“Lend a Hand—Together We Can Make a Difference(伸出援手——一起努力，我们就能有所作为)”可知，这篇文章的目标读者是那些愿意帮助别人的人。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据iCan Bike部分的“As a volunteer with iCan Bike, you can help a child with a disability learn to ride a two-wheeler independently in only five days!(作为一名“iCan Bike”的志愿者，你可以帮助残疾儿童在短短五天内学会独立骑两轮自行车！)”和Adapted Swimming部分的“This is a swim program for individuals aged 3 to adults with developmental disabilities. Volunteers are needed to assist one on one with the participants in the water.(这是一个针对3岁到成人发育障碍的游泳项目。需要志愿者在水中一对一协助参与者)”可知，这两个活动的共同之处是志愿者将为残疾人服务，故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Remove Invasive Plants部分的“This outdoor activity is great for groups, families and individuals.(这项户外活动适合团体、家庭和个人)”可知，如果你的班级计划做志愿者，你可以选择Remove Invasive Plants。故选D。
B
Jerral Hancock was badly injured in Irag. He was paralyzed (瘫痪) from the chest down and lost his left arm. When he returned home from war, Jerral struggled with post-traumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍), a brain injury, and limited use of his right arm. His mother and stepfather lived across the street from him and stepped up to help. His wife had left him and their two small children.
“Life has to go on,” Jerral said.
Jamie and her students heard about his situation. The kids had a great idea: They would raise money to build a disabled-friendly house. With their teacher’s help, the students launched Operation All the Way Home, or OAWH the next month. To raise money, they ran fund raisers, hosted bake sales, and conducted yard sales. As word spread about OAWH, donations poured in from other military veterans (老兵) and the public.
Later, OAWH got a surprise call from actor Gary Sinise, who is well known for his generosity, offering to donate $60,000.
Jerral’s new home has four bedrooms, two bathrooms, and automatic (自动的) doors, lights that he can control with an iPad. It was large enough for Jerral and his family.
The students opened the finished house in a 300-person ceremony on May 29, Jerral’s 29th birthday. Jerral wheeled pasta long line of OAWH student members welcoming him to his new house.
“I was so happy that we met our goal,” said Kimberly Castano, 19, a former OAWH member, “but more excited that Jerral could move in.”
On the eighth anniversary of his injuries, Jerral was finally home. “I am honored that so many people came together to make it possible,” he said.
24. Who might Jerral live with after he returned from Iraq?
A. His mother. B. His children. C. His wife. D. His stepfather.
25. What did the students decide to do to help Jerral?
A. Send him to a hospital. B. Look after him in turn.
C. Build a special house. D. Raise money to cure his disease.
26. Which of the following can best describe Gary Sinise?
A. Brave and loving. B. Wealthy and active. C. Famous and modest. D. Kind-hearted and generous.
27. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Happiness in Time of Peace B. A Class Project Full of Love
C. Students Waiting for Support D. Injured Veterans in Need of Help
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述学生们发起了一项爱心活动，成功地帮助了一名残疾的退伍老兵的故事。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“His mother and stepfather lived across the street from him and stepped up to help. His wife had left him and their two small children.”（他的母亲和继父住在街对面，前去帮助他。他的妻子离开了他和他们两个年幼的孩子。）可知，Jerral Hancock是和他的孩子一起居住，故选B。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The kids had a great idea: They would raise money to build a disabled-friendly house.”（孩子们想到了一个好主意：他们要筹款建造一个适合于残疾人的房子。）可知，孩子们为了帮助Jerral，要筹钱给他建造一栋特殊的房子。故选C。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Later, OAWH got a surprise call from actor Gary Sinise, who is well known for his generosity, offering to donate $60,000.”（后来，OAWH收到了一个惊喜的电话，来自以慷慨著称的演员加里·西尼斯，他提供了6万美元的捐款。）可知，Gary Sinise是一名善良的和慷慨的捐赠者。故选D。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章讲述的是学生们通过发起爱心捐款活动帮助一名残疾老兵建造房屋的故事。根据文章最后一段“On the eighth anniversary of his injuries, Jerral was finally home. “I am honored that so many people came together to make it possible,” he said.”（在受伤八周年的时候，Jerral终于回到了家。他说：“我很荣幸有这么多人共同努力，让这一切成为可能。”）可知，老兵在学生们的帮助下，终于住在了方便和宽敞的房子里。故文章的主旨是：一个充满爱的班级项目。故选B。
C
A caring mother is the single most important factor in preventing teenagers from abusing (滥用) drugs and alcohol, researchers said on Friday. An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems, and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.
“These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use,” said Dr. McArdle, of Newcastle University in northern England, who led the study. “They also suggest that attachment (依恋), particularly to mothers, is a more effective factor and that this truly across cultures and substances.” The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol. The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents, how well they were supervised (监护) after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home.
“Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on youth drug use, McArdle said in a statement. But he added a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits. The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mothers was 16.6 percent. If either factor was missing, the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percent. More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mothers used drugs.
Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of parental responsibility.
28. The phrase “maternal bond” in the first paragraph refers to ______.
A. the education of mothers B. the guidance of schools on mothers
C. whether the mother uses drugs D. the supervision (监管) of mothers on children
29. According to McArdle, which is most likely to have the drug abuse problem?
A. 16-year-old Tom from a happy big family.
B. 18-year-old Juliet living with her single father.
C. 17 year-old Kate supervised by her single mother.
D. 19-year-old Mark cared by his parents.
30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Teenagers were asked about their relationship with parents.
B. Teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaires.
C. Teenagers with both parents won’t have the drug use problem.
D. Teenagers in British schools are warned against drug abuse.
31. The last paragraph suggests that ______.
A. schools should answer for the drug problem
B. television and media are to blame
C. parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem
D. mothers are the cause of youth drug use
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明与父母同住以及良好的母子（女）关系能有效地降低青少年吸毒和酗酒的概率。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。由文章第一段最后一句话的“and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.(与母亲联系密切是对抗这些问题最有效的方法)”和第二段的第二句话 “They also suggest that attachment (依恋), particularly to mothers, is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.(他们还表明，依恋，特别是对母亲的依恋，是一个更有效的因素，这真正地跨越了文化和物质)”可推断，“maternal bond” 指的是母亲与孩子之间的联系，即母亲对孩子的监管。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段的第一句“These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.(这些研究结果表明，与父母同住可能会防止吸毒)”可排除和父母居住在一起的A项和D项；由第二段第二句 “They also suggest that attachment (依恋), particularly to mothers, is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.(他们还表明，依恋，特别是对母亲的依恋，是一个更有效的因素，这真正地跨越了文化和物质)”可排除由母亲监管的C项；所以，可推断和单亲父亲住在一起的18岁朱丽叶最可能滥用毒品。故选B项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。从文章第二段的 “involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy，Germany and the Netherlands.(涉及英国、爱尔兰、意大利、德国和荷兰近4000名青少年)”可知，B选项被提到了；从第二段最后一句的 “The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents(这些青少年还填写了关于他们与父母和祖父母关系的问卷)”可知，A选项被提到了；从最后一段的 “Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol(英国学校里和电视上的预防毒品运动警告青少年毒品和酒精具有危害)”可知，D选项也被提到了。故选C项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of parental responsibility.(英国学校里和电视上的预防毒品运动警告青少年毒品和酒精具有危害，但麦卡德尔说，却没有人去处理父母责任的问题。)”可知，社会和父母在青少年吸毒问题上都应肩负起自己的责任。故选C项。
D
Terribly hot weather, pouring downpours... Scientists have long suspected that global warming can cause extreme weather events. Now experts have numbers to support that idea.
The burning of fossil fuels has been leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. This CO2 is a greenhouse gas. That means it can trap heat in the air. As a result, our planet’s temperature has been rising. And this global wanning will account for a growing share of ever more frequent extreme weather events.
Many governments hope to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius above temperatures that were typical before the Industrial Revolution. It will be hard for nations to achieve that. But even if they do, global warming still will be responsible for nearly all heat extremes. Global warming also will be to blame for about 2 out of every 5 extreme rains and snowfalls. “This is a considerable fraction of major weather events,” says climate scientist Peter Stott.
So far. Earth has warmed about 0.85 degree Celsius since 1750. That’s about when the Industrial Revolution got its start. That’s also when fossil fuel use took off, spewing(喷出) lots of CO2 into the air, MOverall, the new study shows that relatively small rises in global temperature translate into large increases in the likelihood of extremes. Stott says.
Erich Fischer and Reto Knutti analyzed 25 different computer models of global climate. These analyses looked at different climate periods, from preindustrial times to the present. The analyses also predicted what weather events were likely to be like in the future. This period was predicted to be warmer by 2 and 3 degrees Celsius.
The computer looked at when extreme heat and precipitation(冰雹) occurred during each climate period. It focused on events of unusual heat or heavy precipitation. Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1,000 days.
“But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare. These new findings provide ‘a global statement’,” Fischer says. “You can still get the biggest heat that you have ever seen without any human changes.”
32. The second paragraph is mainly about
A. what damage the global wanning caused
B. how the global warming came into being
C. where the global warming is becoming serious
D. why fossil fuels have to be forbidden
33. What Peter said in Para. 3 suggests that
A. it is reasonable for climate change to happen
B. there is no serious effect of the global warming now
C. the influence of the global warming is great
D. the extreme weather happens in small numbers
34. According to the passage extreme weather
A. will happen more often than before B. happens once in every 1,000 days
C. strikes every region without differences D. has become a rare phenomenon across the planet
35. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Extreme weather is becoming common now. B. The role of global warming in extreme weather.
C. Earth has suffered from extreme weather. D. Global warming makes Earth hotter and hotter.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖形成的原因及其对极端天气的影响。
【32题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The burning of fossil fuels has been leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere. This CO2 is a greenhouse gas. That means it can trap heat in the air. As a result, our planet’s temperature has been rising. (化石燃料的燃烧一直在导致地球大气中二氧化碳的积累。二氧化碳是一种温室气体。这意味着它可以将热量滞留在空气中。因此，我们星球的温度一直在上升。)”可知，本段主要讲述全球变暖是如何产生的。故选B项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。第三段中Peter所说“This is a considerable fraction of major weather events. (这在重大天气事件中占了相当大的比例。)”，其中This指“全球变暖”这件事，从而推知，Peter认为全球变暖的影响是巨大的。故选C项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Before the Industrial Revolution, such extremes typically would have occurred only once in every 1,000 days. (在工业革命之前，这种极端情况通常每1000天才会发生一次。)”和最后一段中“But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare. (但由于全球一直在变暖，这样的极端情况已经不再那么罕见了。)”可知，未来极端天气会越来越多。故选A项。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Terribly hot weather, pouring downpours... Scientists have long suspected that global warming can cause extreme weather events. (酷热的天气，倾盆大雨……长期以来，科学家们一直怀疑全球变暖会导致极端天气事件。)”及最后一段中“But since the globe has been warming, such extremes are no longer nearly as rare. (但由于全球一直在变暖，这样的极端情况已经不再那么罕见了。)”可知，本文主要讲述了全球变暖对极端天气的影响。故选B项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Homework is a major part of going to school: It’s your teacher’s way of evaluating(评估) how much you understand of what’s going on in class. ____36____ Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less work.
Be sure you understand the homework.
Write your homework down in your notebook or day planner if you need to. ____37____ It’s much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night!
Use any extra time in school to work on your homework.
Many schools have study hall that is specifically designed to allow students to study. It’s tempting(吸引人的) to hang out with friends during study periods or unstructured(零散的) time. ____38____
Take a break
____39____ So take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without stretching or relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people.
____40____
If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. Most high-school students have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it’s a heavy homework day and it seems like you’ve got an assignment in every subject but gym and lunch, you’ll need to devote more time to homework. It’s a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule, especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have an after-school job.
A. Pace yourself.
B. Don’t be afraid to ask questions about what’s expected.
C. Once your homework is done, you can check it over if you have extra time.
D. But the more work you can get done in school, the less you’ll have to do that night.
E. Settle down to do homework.
F. And it helps digest important concepts.
G. Most people’s attention spans aren’t very long.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. D 39. G 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，作者在文章里给出了减少回家作业量的四种方法。
【36题详解】
前文“It’s your teacher’s way of evaluating how much you understand of what’s going on in class.(这是老师评估你对课堂内容理解程度的方法)”描述家庭作业的意义；空后“Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less work.(幸运的是，你可以做一些事情来减少家庭作业的工作量)”引出下文减少家庭作业工作量的方法；F选项“And it helps digest important concepts.(它有助于理解重要的概念)”中it指代家庭作业，且本句同样描述做作业的好处和意义，符合语境。故选F项。
【37题详解】
根据本段主题句“Be sure you understand the homework.(确保你理解家庭作业)”以及空后句“It’s much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night!(在课上或课后花一分钟问老师要比在晚上花一分钟努力回忆容易得多)”可知，本段描述我们要理解家庭作业，不要害怕问家庭作业里不会的地方；B选项“Don’t be afraid to ask questions about what’s expected.(不要害怕问你想要知道的问题)”符合语境及本段主旨。故选B项。
【38题详解】
本段主题句“Use any extra time in school to work on your homework.(利用在学校的任何额外时间来做作业)”描述我们应利用额外时间完成作业，空前“It’s tempting to hang out with friends during study periods or unstructured time.(在学习或非固定时间和朋友出去玩是很有诱惑力的)”表示额外的时间可以被用来玩耍，D选项“But the more work you can get done in school, the less you’ll have to do that night.(但是你在学校里的作业越多，你晚上要做的事情就越少)”与前文进行语义上的转折，且与本段主旨相符。故选D项。
【39题详解】
本段主题句让我们要记得休息；后文“So take some breaks while doing your homework.(所以在做作业的时候休息一下)”描述我们应该休息这一结果，空处应说明原因；G选项“Most people’s attention spans aren’t very long.(大多数人的注意力持续时间都不长)”表示原因，符合语境。故选G项。
【40题详解】
空处为本段标题；后文“If you don’t finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time.(如果你在学校没有完成作业，想想你还剩下多少，当天还有什么事情要做，然后规划你的时间)”告诉我们应合理规划自己的时间，后文“It’s a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule(制定家庭作业时间表是个好主意)”同样描述自我规划的重要性；A选项“Pace yourself.(调整好节奏)”与下文主旨一致，适合作为小标题。故选A项。
第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was a busy day as usual. I was making sandwiches and balancing the phone between my shoulder and chin. The washing machine sounded as my husband walked in with our daughters. We had only about twenty minutes to eat ___41___ we had to take the girls to their next activity.My husband seemed a bit ___42___ that dinner was not on the table.
That night, I had a heavy ___43___, thinking we were becoming taskmasters on an assembly line (流水线). We had become too ___44___ in our own tasks and not very considerate towards those around us. We needed to do something to bring back some meaning into our lives. It needed to be something that would ___45___ our own agendas and energize us toward the common good.
I bought a notebook, named it "Our Deed Diary" and held a family meeting. I told my family I wanted us all to think about doing a ___46___ for others every day. It could be for each other or for people outside our ___47___. And we all needed to write it down in the notebook.
I thought one deed a day was too easy. However, it was actually ___48___ than it seemed because it had to be something ___49___ what we had already done. Sending birthday cards to people we already sent cards to every year would not ___50___.
We had a rough ___51___. On some dayssomeone would forget to ___52___ a good deed, while on other days, we would forget to write our good deeds in the diary. After a few weeks though, I found myself waking up in the morning trying to ___53___ what good deed I could do for someone that day. My daughters began to rush to me after school to ___54___ me the good deed they had done.
Now, after a year, I am happy to say that it is making a（n）___55___ in our lives. Instead of always ___56___ what the day will bring for us, we think bout what we can do for someone else.
Who would have thought that trying to do a simple kindness a day would be so ___57___? I feel my daughters have felt inner joy that you can only ___58___ by giving to someone else from your heart. The best thing is that you feel so great about doing something for someone else; you don't even look for or expect anything in ___59___. So, when someone does return the favor,it is an enormous and positive ___60___.
41. A. though B. unless C. before D. while
42. A. annoyed B. puzzled C. embarrassed D. frightened
43. A. shoulder B. stomach C. foot D. heart
44. A. absorbed B. interested C. confident D. successful
45. A. repeat B. relate C. refocus D. recall
46. A. kindness B. task C. job D. copy
47. A. room B. home C. school D. town
48. A. stranger B. sweeter C. harder D. bigger
49. A. beyond B. from C. about D. between
50. A. matter B. count C. last D. happen
51. A. time B. life C. start D. idea
52. A. praise B. check C. record D. do
53. A. describe B. decide C. remember D. explain
54. A. bring B. teach C. offer D. tell
55. A. effort B. choice C. difference D. fortune
56. A. forgetting B. believing C. knowing D. wondering
57. A. tiring B. moving C. surprising D. rewarding
58. A. experience B. imagine C. predict D. exchange
59. A. silence B. return C. time D. order
60. A. effect B. bonus C. attitude D. contribution
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. D 57. D 58. A 59. B 60. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者一家人决定日行一善，这种善意的行为给家人带来了很大的改变，女儿能够体验到真正帮助他人不计回报的快乐。
【41题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. though尽管；B. unless除非，如果…不…；C. before在…之前；D. while当…时；在作者带女儿参加下一个活动之前我们只有20分钟的吃饭时间。本句说明作者很忙，故C项正确。
【42题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. puzzled困惑的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. frightened害怕的；因为饭菜还没有端上桌子，作者的丈夫似乎有点生气。要吃饭了，菜还没有端上桌子，丈夫生气是正常的反应。故A项正确。
【43题详解】
考查上下文串联及固定短语。A. shoulder肩膀；B. stomach胃；肚子；C. foot脚；D. heart心；固定短语a heavy heart心情沉重；根据下文可知作者成为了流水线的项目负责人，要专注于自己的任务，忽视了对周围人的关心，作者有点心情沉重。故D项正确。
【44题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. absorbed专注于；B. interested感兴趣的；C. confident自信的；D. successful成功的；作者专注于自己的事情，对周围的人考虑不多。根据句意可知A项正确。
【45题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. repeat重复；B. relate叙述，有关联；C. refocus改变关注点；D. recall回忆；似乎作者需要改变关注点关注自己的事情并让自己充满能量去做公益。根据句意可知C项正确。
【46题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. kindness善良；善事；B. task任务；C. job工作；D. copy复制品，一册，一本；根据上文可知作者要让自己充满能量去做公益，开了家庭会议让所有人每天为别人做一件善事，可以是家庭成员之间相互，也可以是为家庭以外的人做善事。故A项正确。
【47题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. room房间；B. home家；C. school学校；D. town镇；作者开了家庭会议让所有人每天为别人做一件善事，可以是家庭成员之间相互，也可以是为家庭以外的人做善事。故B项正确。
【48题详解】
考查上下文串联及形容词辨析。A. stranger更奇怪的；B. sweeter更甜美的；C. harder更困难的；D. bigger更大的；根据however可知实际情况与之前的看法相反，作者原来认为日行一善很容易，但实际上却很难。故C项正确。
【49题详解】
考查介词辨析。A. beyond超过；B. from来自；C. about关于；D. between在…之间；作者要求每日所做的善事不能是以前做过的，所以就非常难。介词beyond what we had already done指超过自己已经做过的事情。故A项正确。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. matter重要，有关系；B. count重要，算数；C. last持续；D. happen发生；送生日贺卡给已经送过的人是不算数的，因为这是已经做过的事情。故B项正确。
【51题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. time时间；B. life生活；C. start开始；D. idea想法；句意：我们有一个艰难的开始。根据下文描述有人会忘记为别人做善事，也有人会忘记把自己做的善事记录下来，所以说开始是很艰难的。故C项正确。
【52题详解】
考查固定短语。A. praise表扬；B. check检查，核对；C. record记录；D. do做；短语do a good deed做好事；有时候，有人会忘记为别人做善事，有时候，有人会忘记把自己做的事情记录下来。故D项正确。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. describe描述；B. decide决定；C. remember记得；D. explain解释；早晨作者醒来以后要决定当天能为别人做什么样的善事。故B项正确。
【54题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. bring带来；B. teach教育；C. offer提供；D. tell告诉；放学以后女儿跑向我并告诉我她为别人所做的善事。动词tell符合上下文语境，故D项正确。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语及名词辨析。A. effort努力；B. choice选择；C. difference差异；D. fortune运气，财富；短语make a difference起作用；一年以后我很高兴地说日行一善对我们的生活起了很大的作用。故C项正确。
【56题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. forgetting忘记；B. believing认为；C. knowing知道，了解；D. wondering想知道；不要每天都想知道这一天能够给我带来什么，我们在思考这一天我们能够为别人做什么。根据句意可知D项正确。
【57题详解】
考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. tiring令人厌倦的；B. moving感人的；C. surprising令人惊讶的；D. rewarding有回报的；值得的；句意：谁会想到日行一善会如此值得？从下文可知作者女儿内心非常快乐，因为她能为别人带来快乐。故D项正确。
【58题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. experience体验，经历；B. imagine想象；C. predict预测；D. exchange交换；句意：我感觉女儿已经感觉到了只有用心帮助他人才能体验到的内心的快乐。动词experience与inner joy连用，意为“体验快乐”，故A项正确。
【59题详解】
考查名词辨析及固定短语。A. silence安静；B. return返回，回报；C. time时间；D. order顺序；介词短语in return作为回报；最好的事情是你能够为别人做一些善事，而且这种善事是你不期待能够得到回报的。故B项正确。
【60题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. effect影响；B. bonus红利，意为所得好处；C. attitude态度；D. contribution贡献；你不期待为别人做善事有回报，如果接受帮助的人报答了你，那这是意外所得的好处。故B项正确。
【点睛】完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇，而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重要的连句成篇的词汇纽带，因此，在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。
警示：考生在答题时，不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词，在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：
本文小题6，根据上文可知作者要让自己充满能量去做公益，开了家庭会议让所有人每天为别人做一件善事，可以是家庭成员之间相互，也可以是为家庭以外的人做善事。故kindness正确。同时根据最后一段第一句Who would have thought that trying to do a simple kindness a day would be so ___17___?中也提及了“do a simple kindness a day”，再次证明kindness是正确答案。
第Ⅱ卷
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s easy for you to start smoking, but ____61____ you become addicted to it, you may find ____62____ difficult to quit. Firstly, you may become ____63____(physical) addicted to nicotine, harmful chemical in cigarettes. ____64____(second), you may develop the habit of smoking. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted to it, ____65____(believe) that you will only feel good when you smoke. Smoking may have all kinds of harmful effects on the ____66____(healthy) of both the smokers themselves and non-smokers around them. It not only affects your physical fitness, ____67____ does harm to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases. The offensive smell and ____68____(appear) of you may drive people around you away. So, its important for you to quit smoking and live a healthier life. To quit smoking, you should be well-prepared and make ____69____ list of all the benefits you may get after quitting. Developing some new habits like listening to music, reading novels or _____70_____(do) housework may distract your attention from smoking and help you give up smoking.
【答案】61. once
62. it 63. physically
64. Secondly
65. believing
66. health 67. but
68. appearance
69. a 70. doing
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吸烟的危害，对身体和精神造成的影响，以及戒烟的办法。
【61题详解】
考查连词。句意：开始吸烟对你来说很容易，但一旦上瘾，你可能会发现很难戒掉。分析句子可知，此处应填入连词来引导时间状语从句。根据句意，应填含有“一旦”含义的连词once。故填once。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：开始吸烟对你来说很容易，但一旦上瘾，你可能会发现很难戒掉。分析句子可知，动词find后缺少宾语，可填代词it作为形式宾语，代替真正的宾语“to quit”。故填find。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：首先，你可能会从身体上对香烟中的有害化学物质尼古丁上瘾。分析句子可知，此处应填入副词作状语来修饰动词短语become addicted to，再根据提示，故填physically。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：其次，你可能会养成吸烟的习惯。分子句子可知，此处应填入副词作状语修饰整个句子。再根据上文的“Firstly”和下文的“Lastly”可知，此处应填入表示顺序的词。故填Secondly。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，你可能会在精神上上瘾，认为只有在吸烟时才会感觉良好。分析句子可知，此处应填入非谓语动词。且逻辑主语you和动词believe之间是“主谓关系”，应填入现在分词形式的表主动。故填believing。
【66题详解】
考查名词。句意：吸烟可能对吸烟者本身和周围非吸烟者的健康产生各种有害影响。分析句子可知，定冠词the之后，介词of之前，可以加入名词。再根据提示，故填health。
【67题详解】
考查连词。句意：它不仅会影响你的身体素质，还会伤害你的心肺，引发多种疾病。分析句子可知，前后两个句子之间是“并列关系”，且根据前一句中的“not only”可知，此处可填but。故填but。
【68题详解】
考查名词。句意：你令人不快的气味和外表可能会把你周围的人赶走。分析句子可知，设空处单词与名词smell是并列关系，作主语，也应使用名词。故填appearance。
【69题详解】
考查冠词。句意：要戒烟，您应该做好充分准备，并列出戒烟后可能获得的所有好处。make a list of是固定短语，意为“列出……”。故填a。
【70题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：养成一些新的习惯，比如听音乐、读小说或做家务，可能会分散你对吸烟的注意力，并帮助你戒烟。分析句子可知，or的并列结构，前后词语的形式应保持一致。根据reading novels可知，后面动词也应用动名词，作主语。故填doing。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
During the Chinese New Year, elders will give the younger generation red packet to show their blessings. Those worked will also give their parents and grandparents hongbao to wish him good health and long life. They were given during weddings and birthdays as well, neither in place of or in addition to presents. In the workplace, employees may sometimes receive red packets as form of appreciation for their hard work, that are unrelated to the annual bonus. Different blessings are written on red packets for differently occasions, so keep this in mind when you are being shopping for one. Besides, there are no hard and fast rules about how many should be in a hongbao.
【答案】1.packet→packets
2.worked→working
3.him→them
4.were→are
5.neither→either
6.form前面加a
7.that→which
8.differently→different
9.being去掉
10.many→much

【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了中国春节的送红包习俗。
【详解】1.考查名词。句意：在中国新年期间，长辈会给年轻一代红包来表达他们的祝福。根据语境可知，此处泛指“红包”，用可数名词复数形式packets。故将packet改为packets。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：那些工作的人也会给他们的父母和祖父母红包，祝愿他们健康长寿。分析句子可知，Those后用非谓语动词作定语，Those指代“那些人”，与work构成逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故将worked改为working。
3.考查代词。句意同上。根据句意可知，give的宾语为their parents and grandparents，不止一个人，此处wish的宾语应改为复数人称代词them。故将him改为them。
4.考查动词时态。句意：婚礼和生日时也会赠送，代替礼物或者附加礼物。全文描述风俗，用一般现在时，They为复数人称，be动词用are。故将were改为are。
5.考查短语。句意同上。根据语境可知，红包在婚礼和生日时要么代替礼物，要么附加礼物赠送，此处用either…or…构成短语“要么……，要么……”。故将neither改为either。
6.考查冠词。句意：在工作场所，员工有时会收到红包，作为对他们努力工作的一种感谢，这与年度奖金无关。as a form of意思为：作为……的一种形式，固定短语。故在form前面加a。
7.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析本句结构可知，逗号后的部分为非限制性定语从句，先行词为red packets，作从句的主语，且表示事物，用关系代词which引导定语从句。故将that改为which。
8.考查形容词。句意：不同场合的红包上写着不同的祝福，所以当你买红包的时候请记住这一点。occasions为名词复数，应用形容词修饰名词，differently为副词，改为形容词。故将differently改为different。
9.考查动词语态。句意同上。when引导的时间状语从句，表示主动购买，用现在进行时be doing结构。故将being去掉。
10.考查宾语从句连接词。句意：此外，红包里应该放多少钱也没有硬性规定。根据语境，此处表示红包里放多少钱没有规定，about后为宾语从句，形容价钱，用how much，不用how many。故将many改为much。
第二节写作（满分25分）
72. 假定你是李华，当前在伦敦孔子学院（Confucius Institute）做志愿者。你的英国朋友Henry对孔子特别感兴趣，请你写封邮件邀请他参观孔子学院，要点如下：
1. 简述孔子及中国文化在世界上的影响；
2. 告知参观时间：11月6日（本周六）上午8点；
3. 介绍参加活动：汉语班，剪纸，书法。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇：剪纸：paper-cutting 书法：calligraphy
Dear Henry,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Henry,
I am glad to know that you are keen on Confucius and Chinese culture. Confucius, whose ideas have a great impact on Chinese culture, is considered the greatest ancient educator. As an increasing number of foreigners want to learn Chinese culture, the Confucius Institutes are set up in many foreign countries.
Since I am a volunteer working in the Confucius Institute in London, I’d like to invite you to visit it at 8:00 am on Saturday, November 6. During our visit, we can attend some Chinese classes, which will be followed by some activities such as paper-cutting and Chinese calligraphy.
I sincerely hope that you will accept this invitation. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件，邀请英国朋友Henry参观孔子学院，并介绍有关事宜。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：pleased→glad
热切的：eager→keen
建立：build→set up
希望：wish→hope
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am glad to know that you are keen on Confucius and Chinese culture.
拓展句：I am glad to know that you are keen on Confucius and Chinese culture, which makes me very proud.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Confucius, whose ideas have a great impact on Chinese culture, is considered the greatest ancient educator. (运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】During our visit, we can attend some Chinese classes, which will be followed by some activities such as paper-cutting and Chinese calligraphy.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)