湖北省武汉市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-04语篇填空（短文填空、选词填空）

湖北省武汉市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编

04语篇填空（短文填空、选词填空）

一、短文首字母填空

（2022·湖北武汉）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。

Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____1____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____2____ for new things in the ocean.

Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____3____.

Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____4____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____5____ easily.

Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____6____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____7____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____8____ this from happening.

Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____9____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____10____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.

（2021·湖北武汉）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出

Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o____11____.

In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h____12____ for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a____13____ the summit.

At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w____14____ her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧层). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g____15____ where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b____16____ it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.

After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t____17____ days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s____18____ internationally about the environment.

Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w____19____, Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.

“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f____20____ of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.

（2020·湖北）Boyan Slat has one huge goal. It's a goal that could be good for people and a____21____all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like he's going to m____22____his goal.

When he was 16, Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p____23____onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic—millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes c____24____to break down (分解).

The p____25____situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.

Slat started with an idea for an unusual m____26____to "catch" the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r____27____a lot of attention.

A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d____28____to his project online and raised over $ 2 million!

Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth" by the United Nations for his meaningful and v____29____ work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d_____30_____goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.

三、多句选词填空

（2020·湖北）

31．It's wrong and dangerous to ______ children under a certain age alone in the house.

32．As you walk there, you can feel the energy from your feet ______ your body.

33．Maybe you fear that you won't be able to find anything good to eat when you ______.

34．The first resolution is about my own ______ improvement.

35．This story reminds us that you can never know what's ______ unless you try to make it happen.

（2021·湖北武汉）仔细阅读下面五个句子，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。(提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。)

36．It will bring danger to all ocean life if sharks' numbers ________ too low.

37．We shouldn't forget where we came from as we ________ on our new journey.

38．Tom went to basketball practice with ________ rather than fear in his heart the next day.

39．They ________ in disbelief at the black smoke rising above the burning building.

40．John is ________ and only thinks about himself and doesn’t treat others nicely.

（2022·湖北武汉）仔细阅读下面五个句子，然后用下面方框中所给的单词或短语填空，使每个句子在结构、句义和逻辑上正确。（提示：方框中有两个单词或短语是多余的。）

41．China is good at making high-technology ________ that people can buy everywhere.

42．A doctor was ________ to examine the king yesterday evening.

43．The piece of music which was played on the erhu especially ________ me.

44．Some children are so full of energy and ________ for knowledge.

45．Jenny recently ________ a prize from the Help Save Our Planet Society.

参考答案：

1．(y)oung

2．(l)ook

3．(a)live

4．(t)own

5．(i)njured

6．(w)ay

7．(n)umbers

8．(p)revent

9．(k)ept

10．(k)now

【解析】

【导语】

本文主要讲述了海洋生态学家格林先生意识到珊瑚礁所面临的问题以及它们的重要性，呼吁人们要先了解它们并保护它们。

1．

句意：当他年轻的时候，他喜欢游泳。was后接形容词作表语，根据“When he grew up”及首字母可知，年轻的时候喜欢游泳，young“年轻的”符合，故填(y)oung。

2．

句意：当他长大后，他想在海洋中寻找新的东西。根据“he wanted to … for new things in the ocean”及首字母可知，此处指在海洋中寻找新东西，look for“寻找”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(l)ook。

3．

句意：他研究水下的动物和植物是如何相互联系、相互需要以维持生存的。根据“underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay”及首字母可知，水下的动植物相互维持生存，alive“活着的”，形容词作表语，故填(a)live。

4．

句意：珊瑚礁就像一个巨大的水下小镇。根据“A coral reef is like a big underwater”及首字母可知，把珊瑚礁比喻成一个巨大的小镇，town“城镇”，a修饰名词的单数形式，故填(t)own。

5．

句意：因此，美丽的珊瑚礁很容易受伤。根据“They compete for food and space there”可知，因为食物和生存的空间相互竞争，导致珊瑚礁受伤，get injured“受伤”，故填(i)njured。

6．

句意：有时人们污染水或过度捕捞，所以所有生物的连接方式已经改变。根据“the …that all the living things are joined together has been changed”及首字母可知，连接方式改变了，way“方式”。根据has可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(w)ay。

7．

句意：有些动物的数量下降了，有些动物就消失了。根据“Some animals’ … drop low, some animals just disappear”可知，有些数量少了，有些消失了，number“数量”，句子是一般现在时，drop是动词原形，故此空应填名词复数形式，故填(n)umbers。

8．

句意：格林先生想阻止这种事情发生。根据“Mr. Green wants to … this from happening”及首字母可知，想阻止这一切发生，prevent…from doing sth“阻止某事发生”，want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填(p)revent。

9．

句意：格林先生认为珊瑚礁里的所有生物都应该保护好。根据“They need all of their parts to work correctly”可知，珊瑚礁里的每一部分都需要正常工作，所以它们应该被保护起来，keep“保持”，be与过去分词构成被动语态结构，故填(k)ept。

10．

句意：要更好地照顾海洋家园，我们首先必须了解它们。根据“we first must…them”及“can we understand the great influence humans have on these places”可知，只有先了解珊瑚礁，才能理解人类对这些地方的巨大影响，know“了解”，情态动词must后接动词原形，故填(k)now。

11．(o)wn

12．(h)eaded

13．(a)ttend

14．(w)orried

15．(g)rew

16．(b)reaking

17．(t)ypical

18．(s)poke

19．(w)orse

20．(f)uture

【解析】

【分析】

本文主要讲述了苏珊如何凭借自己的力量成为一名环保主义者的事迹。

11．

句意：但这位女士凭借自己的力量成为了一名环保主义者。由前句和句中转折连词“But”可知，此句是说这位女士依靠自己成了一名环保主义者。on one’s own独自，为固定短语，故填(o)wn。

12．

句意：来自世界各地的成千上万的人前往大会，讨论地球的明天。句中“it”指代联合国地球峰会，由句中“to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow”可知，此句是说很多人前往大会。head做动词时，意为“使向……进行”，head for前往，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(h)eaded。

13．

句意：他们筹钱到里约热内卢去参加峰会。由句中“to”和“the summit”可知，这里是说参加峰会。attend参加，出席，动词，句中用动词不定式作目的状语，此处用原形，故填(a)ttend。

14．

句意：在峰会上，苏珊说环境状况让她很担心。下文说的是苏珊担心的事情，所以此句是说环境状况让她担心。worry使……担心，此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，故填(w)orried。

15．

句意：你不知道如何恢复曾经生长在沙漠里的森林。由句中“forest that once”和“where there is now desert”可知，此句是说曾经长在沙漠里的森林。grow生长，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(g)rew。

16．

句意：如果你不知道如何修复地球，请停止破坏它！由前半句“If you don't know how to fix the Earth”可知，此句是说停止破坏它。break破坏，动词，stop doing sth.停止做某事，故填(b)reaking。

17．

句意：在平常的日子里，她还是个小学生。由后句“But during her vacations”可知，此句是说在平常的日子里。typical代表性的，典型的，形容词，故填(t)ypical。

18．

句意：但在休假期间，她在国际上谈论了环境问题。阅读短文可知，苏珊过两种生活，在平常的日子里是学生，在假期时，她就环境问题发表国际性讲话。speak讲话，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(s)poke。

19．

句意：尽管世界上的许多环境问题只会变得更糟，但苏珊确实同意有些事情现在已经不同了。although引导的是让步状语从句，结合所给首字母“w”可知，此句是说许多环境问题变得更糟了。worse更糟糕的，为形容词的比较级，故填(w)orse。

20．

句意：现在，我正在为我儿子的未来而奋斗，”苏珊说，她现在是两个孩子的母亲，她一直在呼吁人们关注气候变化。由句中“fighting for”和“of my sons”可知，此句是说为了孩子们的未来而奋斗。future未来，名词，the future of……的未来，故填(f)uture。

21．animals

22．meet

23．pushed

24．centuries

25．present

26．machine

27．received

28．donate

29．valuable

30．dream

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是柏杨·史莱特看到海上的垃圾受到启发，立下一个目标：清理全世界海洋的垃圾。他努力朝着自己的目标努力，并被誉为“地球卫士”，他的发明也获得了多个奖项。

21．

句意：这个目标可能有利于全世界的人和动物。

根据“So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.”可知，他的目标是清理海洋垃圾，结合所给首字母a可推断，此处表达的是：这不仅有益于人类也有益于动物，animal动物，名词复数表示泛指，故答案是animals。

22．

句意：令人惊讶的是，他好像要实现他的目标了。

根据上文说到他有一个目标以及“Amazingly”可推断，这里要表达的是要实现这个目标了，meet one’s goal实现某人的目标，固定短语，故答案是meet。

23．

句意：他开始思考所有被水冲到海滩上的垃圾。

根据句意和常识可知，这里指的是垃圾被水冲到海滩上，结合所给的首字母p可联想到，具有该意思单词是push；本句是一般现在时的被动语态，所以push要变成过去分词pushed，故答案是pushed。

24．

句意：它需要花上几个世纪才能分解。

根据句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”可知，空处填的是表示时间的词；结合常识可知，有些塑料垃圾需要几百年才可能被分解，空处缺少的信息是：几百年；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是century百年，因为是概数，需要用复数表泛指，故答案是centuries。

25．

句意：海洋的现状很不好，令人非常担心，于是史莱特想做点什么来改变它。

根据上文“Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes centuries to break down.”可知，这里讲的是海洋的现状很糟糕，很令人担忧，空处缺少的信息是：现在的，当前的；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是present，故答案是present。

26．

句意：史莱特开始于一个想法，用一个不寻常的机器利用海洋的天然能源来“抓住”飘在水里的垃圾。

根据“working on the invention”和“catch”可知，这里指的是可以抓垃圾的发明，结合常识和首字母推断，这里应该是机器machine；根据空前的“an”可知，此处用单数，故答案是machine。

27．

句意：很快，这个项目受到了很多人的关注。

根据句意可知，这里指的是受到了许多人的关注，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是receive，因这里讲的是过去的事情，所以用过去式received，故答案是received。

28．

句意：史莱特需要钱来做这个，所以他开始号召人们在网上为他的项目募捐，并筹集了超过200万美元！

根据“ raised over $ 2 million”可知，空格处指的是募捐，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是donate，ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，to后跟动词原形，故答案是donate。

29．

句意：不久之后，史莱特因其有意义且有价值的工作被联合国任命为“地球卫士”。

根据“Champion of the Earth”可知，能授予这个称号，一定是这个发明是有意义有价值的，空处应该是有价值的，valuable有价值的，故答案是valuable。

30．

句意：但是史莱特的梦想仍在继续。

根据上文可知，他已经受到肯定并获得了许多奖项，空前有个“but”，结合“He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.”可知，他的梦想仍在继续，dream梦想，根据“goes on”可知，此处用单数，故答案是dream。

31．leave

32．move up

33．travel

34．personal

35．possible

【解析】

31．句意：把不到一定年龄的孩子单独留在家里是错误和危险的。

分析句子结构可知不定式符号to后用动词原形。根据空后“children under a certain age alone”结合备选词可推出此处要用leave表示“留下”，leave sb. alone留下某人一个人。故答案为leave。

32．句意：当你走到那里，你可以感觉到能量从你的脚向上移动到你的身体。

分析句子结构可知feel后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据题干中“your feet ____ your body”可知是从脚到身体，由此可推出是从下到上，结合备选词可知要用move up表示“上升”。故答案为move up。

33．句意：也许你担心在旅行时找不到好吃的东西。

分析句子结构可知从句中缺少谓语动词。根据题干中“Maybe you fear that you won't be able to find anything good to eat”讲担心找不到好吃的，结合备选词可知用“travel”表示“旅行”。when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，从句中主语you是第二人称，谓语动词用原形。故答案为travel。

34．句意：第一个决心与自我提升有关。

根据题干中“my own ____ improvement”可知此处要用形容词修饰名词improvement，备选词中形容词personal意为“个人的”，possible意为“可能的”，决心一般是与个人有关的，用personal符合题意。故答案为personal。

35．句意：这个故事提醒我们，你永远不知道什么是可能的，除非你尝试去实现它。

根据句意“你永远不知道什么是____，除非你尝试去实现它”，结合备选词可知要用possible表示“可能的”，在句中作表语。故答案为possible。

36．drop

37．set out

38．courage

39．stared

40．mean

【解析】

【分析】

36．

句意：如果鲨鱼数量下降太多，会给海洋所有生物带来危险。此空为谓语动词，根据numbers和too low可知，此处指数量下降，这里主将从现，drop表示“下降”，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填drop。

37．

句意：在我们开始新的旅程时，不要忘记我们来自哪里。根据“...on our new journey.”可知此处指开始新旅程，set out on sth表示“开始做某事”。故填set out。

38．

句意：第二天汤姆带着勇气而不是恐惧去参加篮球训练。rather than表示“而不是”，此空为与fear相对的名词，courage表示“勇气”。故填courage。

39．

句意：他们难以置信地看着燃烧着的大楼上空升起的黑烟。此空为谓语动词，stare at sth表示“凝视某物”，事情发生在过去，stared为stare的过去式。故填stared。

40．

句意：John是刻薄的，只想自己，对别人不友好。根据“... and only thinks about himself and doesn’t treat others nicely.”可知John比较刻薄，mean表示“刻薄的”，形容词作表语。故填mean。

41．products

42．called in

43．moved

44．thirsty

45．won

【解析】

41．

句意：中国擅长制造人们在任何地方都能买到的高科技产品。此空缺少定语从句的先行词，根据“that people can buy everywhere”及备选词可知，此处指任何地方能买到的高科技产品，products“产品”符合，故填products。

42．

句意：昨天晚上请来了一位医生为国王做检查。根据“A doctor was … to examine the king yesterday evening”及备选词可知，请来一位医生给国王做检查，called in“招来”符合，故填called in。

43．

句意：这首用二胡演奏的曲子特别打动了我。 根据“The piece of music which was played on the erhu especially… me”及备选词可知，这首曲子打动了我，moved“感动”符合，故填moved。

44．

句意：有些孩子精力充沛，求知若渴。根据“for knowledge”及备选词可知，对知识很渴望，be thirsty for“渴望”，故填thirsty。

45．

句意：珍妮最近获得了“帮助拯救地球协会”的奖励。根据“a prize”可知，赢得了奖励，won“赢得”符合，故填won。