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山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-02任务型阅读（阅读单选、阅读回答问题、阅读还原）
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这是一份山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编-02任务型阅读（阅读单选、阅读回答问题、阅读还原），共19页。
山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编
02任务型阅读（阅读单选、阅读回答问题、阅读还原）
一、 阅读单选
（2022·山东临沂）Words in the Snow
In the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were no written words. People recorded things by tying knots（打结）in ropes and carving（雕刻） shapes on stone walls. One day, the Yellow Emperor discussed an event with a wise man named Cang Jie. Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten（腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but could hardly read the shapes on it. They had been carved by another person except himself.
“The ropes will be rotten. And the shapes can only be read by a few people, "the emperor said to Cang. “Can you come up with something better?”
Cang thought over the matter for days and nights. On the morning after a heavy snowfall, the earth was completely white. He saw the footmarks of some different animals by accident. These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by. Cang suddenly had an idea. He picked a stick and drew on the snow-covered ground. He first drew a tiger and a bear to show that they had passed by. But soon, he found this was taking too much time. He realized that he had to make the drawings easier.
All the shapes on the stone walls flashed through his mind. Cang kept making all kinds of shapes on the ground easier. To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot（小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line（竖线）made up the moon. And three curves（曲线） were used to show water. Later, the sun appeared. These simple marks shone brightly in the snow.
In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. Since then, they have been able to record their own history.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1． Cang Jie couldn’t remember the event clearly because he couldn’t ________.
A．record things by tying knots in ropes
B．carve shapes on the stone walls
C．read the rotten rope or the shapes about it
2． The underlined word “recognize” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．know B．praise C．accept
3． In Paragraph 4, the writer explains Cang’s simple marks by ________.
A．giving some advice B．giving several examples C．asking a few questions
4． The passage mainly tells us _________.
A．what reminded Cang Jie to use shapes or marks to show different things
B．why Cang Jie was asked to come up with better ways to record things
C．how Cang Jie created a whole set of symbols to record things
（2022·山东临沂）Migratory birds （候鸟）fly to different places during different seasons. They may fly day and night for months at a time. During this long journey, when and how do they sleep?
In 2016, some scientists studied a group of frigate birds（军舰鸟）during a ten-day flying journey. They found that frigate birds can sleep while they’re flying! According to this study, these birds take two kinds of short sleep.
The first is called Rapid Eye Movement（REM, 快速动眼）sleep. It is the deepest period of sleep. For humans, REM sleep can continue for many minutes. For flying birds, however, REM sleep continues for only a few seconds（秒）. Even so, this period of sleep is still very important for their brain health.
The other kind of short sleep is “half sleep”. Frigate birds put only half of their brain to sleep, while the other half stays awake. The eyes of these birds are always connected to the waking part of their brain. In other words, they sleep with their eyes open. It is still a little dangerous to take such a short sleep, though. So, these birds prefer to stay awake most of the time. Before reaching land, they spend less than three percent of their time sleeping.
However, not all migratory birds sleep in this way. Many will make several stops on their way to get a good rest. Some stay completely awake for their whole journey. Alpine Swifts（高山雨燕）, for example, can keep flying for nearly 200 days. There are few signs of these birds sleeping during their long trips.
The sleeping habits of birds are different from species（物种） to species. This makes the study of migratory birds very exciting for scientists. In the future, we may learn more amazing things about these animals!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
5． What do we know about frigate birds?
A．Their REM sleep continues for many minutes.
B．They don’t sleep during their long trips.
C．They can sleep with their eyes open.
6． Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（P=Paragraph）
A． B． C．
7． After the study of migratory birds, the scientists have found ________.
A．the sleeping habits of birds are different from species to species
B．why migratory birds fly to different places during different seasons
C．all migratory birds spend a little time sleeping during a long journey
8． What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Alpine Swifts’ 200-day Trip
B．Frigate Birds’ Flying Journey
C．Sleeping in the Sky
（2021·山东临沂）Have you ever imagined what life will be like in 2060? An international group of forty scientists have made some surprising predictions. They said that in the next forty years, our lives would change beyond our wildest dreams.
Firstly, humans can grow body parts themselves. Dr. Ellen Heber-Katz is one of the forty scientists. He says, “People will think it common that sick organs (器官) can be repaired. It’s just like the way we fix a car.” Damaged parts will be taken away. Scientists could use human cells (细胞) to grow new organs. New technologies like this will also help people to live longer. Within forty years, most people will be able to live up to one hundred years.
Secondly, the scientists have predicted that a machine will be invented to “read” the minds of animals. In 2060, we will be able to “talk” to animals. Scientists say that humans may first “talk” with mammals (哺乳动物) and then other vertebrates (脊椎动物) such as fish.
Our houses might also change beyond our imagination. Dr. Susan Greenfield predicts that when you enter the living room, sensors (传感器) will know you. They will turn on the lights. If you talk to the lights, they will change to the color of your choice.
But what would be the biggest breakthrough (突破) over the next forty years? A number of scientists believe it would be the discovery of aliens. NASA scientist Chris Mckay says, “We may find aliens in space and talk with them.” He believes marks of alien life may even be found here on Earth.
Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
9． Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A．In 2060, humans may be able to communicate with dogs and aliens.
B．Most people will be able to live up to two hundred years in forty years.
C．The sensors will turn off the lights after you leave the living room in 2060.
10． Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C．
11． The writer wrote the passage in a ________ tone (语气).
A．scary B．surprising C．disappointing
12． What is the best title for the passage?
A．Life in 2060 B．The Biggest Breakthrough C．How to Live Longer
（2021·山东临沂）Which country grows the most tea? The answer is India. It grows three times as much as China. Which country drinks the most tea? It’s neither China nor Japan. It’s Great Britain.
In the wild, tea plants may be 9 meters tall. But a plant grown for market is pruned. Pruning keeps the plant only 0.9 or 1.2 meters tall. This is an easy height for tea picking. Only the two top leaves and bud (芽) of each new shoot are picked. So to make money, tea plantations (种植园) must be huge.
In general, there are two kinds of tea: black tea and green tea. Black tea is fermented (发酵). In the process, the tea loses nearly all of its healthy parts. Green tea is steamed (蒸) right after the leaves are picked. Green tea keeps its healthy parts. For example, it may prevent heart illness.
How did we get tea bags? The answer: by accident. Tea businessmen used to send samples (样品) in tin (锡) boxes. This was very expensive. One businessman thought of a cheaper way. He sent samples in small silk bags. Customers would open the bag. They would make tea as usual. One customer put the bag into a pot. Then he just poured hot water over it. And the tea bag was born.
Shen Nong was the first to drink tea. He was a Chinese emperor. This was about 2737 B．C．Shen drank several cups of hot water daily. One day something happened. Leaves from a wild tea tree fell into the hot water pot. The next cup was poured. The water was now colored. Shen tasted it. He liked it. He drank it all. Shen was proud of his new drink. He served it to his guests. Word spread. People thought this way: tea is good enough for the Emperor, so it must be good enough for the people. Tea became the drink of China.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
13． The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．telling an interesting story
B．comparing some information
C．giving several useful suggestions
14． In Paragraph Two, the underlined word “pruned” means “________” in Chinese.
A．删除 B．采摘 C．修剪
15． After reading the passage, it seems clear that ________.
A．tea and tea bags were invented by accident
B．black tea is healthier than green tea
C．tea is better for you than any other drink
16． The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．the popularity of tea bags
B．the ways of making green tea and black tea
C．the discovery and development of tea
（2020·山东临沂）The longest river in the world is the Nile. It is 4,160 miles long. But the Nile is not the mightiest (浩荡的) river. The Amazon is. The Amazon is also the second longest river in the world. It is 3,900 miles long. How long is that? It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco.
The Amazon is the mightiest for this reason. It has the greatest amount of water. More water runs out to sea than from the Nile. Mississippi, and Yangtze rivers combined. That's a lot of fresh water! The force of its current (水流) is great too. The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea. There's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current. A ship sailed (航行) far away from Brazil. It ran out of drinking water. Another ship passed by. The first ship asked for water. Someone on the second ship said. "Just put your buckets (桶) into the sea."
Here are a few more facts. At its mouth, the Amazon is 90 miles wide. Even up the river, you can't see the opposite bank. The river is also very deep(from 22 to 76 meters). During rainy season, the river rises about 16 meters more. Big ocean ships can sail about 1,800 miles upstream (向上游). Smaller ships can sail 1,000 miles farther.
What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world? No. It's not the shark. It's the Amazon's piranha. It is only about 10 cm to 20 cm long. It has sharp teeth. Thousands travel in a group. No animal can swim across the rivet. A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones (骨头) in three minutes. Are you planning a trip to the Amazon? Here's a piece of advice. Leave your swimsuit at home!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
17． After reading this passage it seems clear that____________.
A．people do not drink the Amazon’s water
B．it would not be good to visit the Amazon during rainy season
C．sailing on the Amazon requires knowledge of its current
18． The writer helps you understand how long the Amazon is by___________.
A．telling how long the Nile is B．comparing it to a distance(距离)on land
C．comparing it with the Yangtze River
19． In Paragraph Four, the word“sharp”means“_________”in Chinese.
A．锋利的 B．急剧的 C．强烈的
20． The passage mainly tells us____________.
A．piranha in the Amazon B．traveling in the Amazon
C．interesting facts about the Amazon
（2020·山东临沂）Wearing a white blouse, Ai-Da studies her subject and begins to draw. She looks like any artist at work. However, the "beep ... beep ... beep" noise from her arm gives her away. Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot.
Ai-Da has been described as the world's "first AI (人工智能) robot artist". She takes her name from Ada Lovelace, the world's first female computer programmer. Scientists at Oxford University developed AI systems (系统) for Ai-Da. The robot has cameras in her eyeballs. After she has studied a subject, she will use her left arm to draw. Now, Ai-Da can only use a pencil for sketches (素描). The plan is for her to paint.
Ai-Da is not the first AI system to produce artworks. Since 2006, scientists have been developing software (软件) to turn photos into drawings. Last year, an artwork created using AI was sold in New York for $132,500. However, Ai-Da's human-like appearance brings something new to the field.
In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford. There were about 30 drawings by the robot. Ai-Da, standing next to her artworks, attracted (吸引) many visitors.
Ai-Da's inventor, Aidan Meller, talked about the importance of the robot. "Ai-Da brings a new voice to the art world," she said. "AI is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly." Meller hopes the exhibition was just the start and that more will follow to show how AI is influencing human life.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。
21． Ai-Da is a real artist who helps scientists at Oxford University develop AI systems.
22． Last year, scientists began to develop software to turn photos into drawings.
23． In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford successfully.
24． Aidan Meller thinks AI is going to influence human life more and more greatly.
二、 阅读回答问题
（2022·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。
Rob Frenette, a Canadian boy, was often bullied （欺凌）at school. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems. He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon, all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences. They also wanted to hear his ideas about how to stop bullying.
In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.
With his friend Katie Neu, he set up the website www. bullyingcanada.ca. On the website, visitors can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French. When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team.
Every weekend, Rob answers e-mails from people who have been bullied at school. He also speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.
Rob’s most important message is: “When you’re bullied, there’s nothing wrong with you. So, keep trusting yourself. And remember that there are people who care about your problems. You just have to find those people. ”
One of Rob’s ideas is “Blue Day”, a special day that works to stop the problem of bullying in schools. On that day, students have to wear blue clothes, and in class, they learn how to stop bullying from happening. More than 150 Canadian schools now celebrate Blue Day. Rob says he won’t stop until there is Blue Day in every school in Canada.
25． Why did Rob Frenette often feel lonely and scared?
____________________________________________________________
26． How did Rob solve his problems at the age of fifteen?
____________________________________________________________
27． List two ways Rob helps other people with bullying problems.
____________________________________________________________
28． What do you think of Rob Frenette? And why?
____________________________________________________________
29． What can you learn from the story?
____________________________________________________________
（2021·山东临沂）根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
A Friend to the Pilgrims
“I speak English.” When the Pilgrims (清教徒前辈美洲移民) heard these words, they were very surprised. The words came from Squanto, a Native American (印第安人). But how did he learn to speak English? As the Pilgrims would soon find out, this happened to be a long story.
In 1605, George Weymouth, an English captain (船长), was exploring America. People from England were interested in the Native Americans of this new land. When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men. Squanto was not among them, but the little boy was curious (好奇的). He volunteered to go with Weymouth to England.
In England, a friend of Weymouth’s took good care of Squanto. But after nine years, Squanto felt homesick. In 1614, two English captains, John Smith and Thomas Hunt, asked Squanto to help them explore America. They promised to take Squanto to his home village after the trip. Squanto was happy and agreed to go. But after the trip, Captain Hunt broke his promise. Instead of bringing Squanto to see his family, he sold him to Spain as a slave (奴隶).
In Spain, some monks (僧侣) saved Squanto and looked after him for three years. Then, he joined another trip to North America. The trip was to Newfoundland. This was still far from Squanto’s home. Squanto returned to England in the end.
By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them. But sadly, the village was empty. All of the villagers had died from an illness.
When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come. They needed help. Squanto happened to be living close to their houses. He offered to help. Knowing the language and customs of Englishmen, Squanto helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish. The Pilgrims were really lucky to have such a good friend!
30． What did George Weymouth do when he came to Squanto’s village?
________________
31． Who helped Squanto return to his home village in the end?
________________
32． When did the Pilgrims arrive in America?
________________
33． How did Squanto help the Pilgrims?
________________
34． What do you think of Squanto? And why?
________________
（2020·山东临沂）On winter nights, the wind usually blows strongly. Most of us stay inside our warm homes. Few of us think about the homeless. These people have no choice but to sleep on the streets. Some of them are so poor that they have no money to buy food.
A young man in Birmingham, England, made a decision to do something about this. Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets. He makes sure that these people won't go hungry.
The man refuses to make his name public. The local people call him the "Birmingham Spider-Man". The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves (应得) a helping hand.
The 25-year-old man started his night activities in 2015. Every night at 9, he buys some sandwiches. Then. he finds a quiet alley and puts on his "uniform". After that, the "Spider-Man" starts handing his food out to people in need.
The man said, "I wear the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention." Without the suit, few people took a second look at him when he was handing out food. When people see the "Spider-Stan",however, they come over and ask what he is doing.
"The Birmingham Spider-Man" has already got lots of attention. Many people have offered to give away money to him. But the young man never accepts the money. Instead, he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own. He said, "If more people offer a helping hand, the cold winter nights won't be so cold any longer."
35． How does the young man in Birmingham, England help the homeless people?
______________________________________________________________________________________
36． When did the young man start his night activities?
______________________________________________________________________________________
37． What does the young man hope his action will show others?
______________________________________________________________________________________
38． Why does the young man wear the Spider-Man suit when he helps the homeless people?
______________________________________________________________________________________
39． Why does the young man never accept the money that many people have given away to him?
______________________________________________________________________________________
三、 阅读还原5选4
（2022·山东临沂）The Bird Mask
Today, doctors know a lot about how to stop germs (病菌) from spreading. They suggest people cover their mouths when they cough. Washing your hands often also helps.
However, people haven’t always known about germs. For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread. ___40___ Some doctors even tried dressing like birds.
In 1619, the French doctor, Charles de Lorme, invented a special uniform. He hoped it could protect doctors who were treating plague (瘟疫) patients. The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots (靴子) and a hat.
The doctors also carried sticks so they wouldn’t have to touch the patients. The most special part of the uniform was the mask (面具).
___41___ It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes.
At that time, doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air. Any air that had a bad smell was dangerous. __42___ They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air and they wouldn’t get sick because of the plague.
Did it work? Well, not really. Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them. ___43___
Some forms of plague only spread through certain animals such as mice. The doctors’ uniform helped to protect them from this danger. However, largely the coat, gloves, boots and hat did the job, not the bird mask.
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．The bird mask helped to protect the doctors from this danger.
B．Many doctors still got sick by breathing through the nostril holes in their masks.
C．The mask made the doctors look like birds.
D．So the doctors put flowers in the beak of their masks.
E．They did many things to avoid getting sick.
（2021·山东临沂）On Saturday morning, Tom Sawyer had to paint his aunt’s fence (栅栏). Tom looked at the thirty meters of wide fence and felt bad. He thought of the fun he had planned for the day. Soon the free boys would go out to play, and they would laugh at him for having to work. He felt even worse. ____44___
Soon Ben Rogers appeared, eating an apple. Tom ignored (不理) him and continued painting. He stopped and looked at his work like an artist. “Hello, Tom. I’m going swimming. Don’t you wish you could? But of course, you have to work.”
Tom looked at Ben, then said, “What do you call work?”
“Isn’t this work?”
Tom continued painting, and answered, “Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, I like it.”
“Do you really like it?”
“____45____”
That made it sound different. Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush carefully backwards and forwards and stepped back to look. Ben watched every move, getting more interested. Presently, he said, “Hey, Tom, let me paint a little.”
Tom thought, and then said, “No, I don’t think so, Ben. Aunt Polly wants this fence painted carefully because it’s on the street. It’s difficult to do it right.”
“Come on, let me try.”
“I’d like to, Ben. But Aunt Polly won’t even let my brother Sid do it.”
“I’ll be careful. I’ll give you my apple.”
____46____ While Ben was working in the sun, Tom sat under a tree eating the apple and thinking how to catch more boys. And there were lots of them. Boys came to make fun, but stayed to paint. By the time Ben was tired, Tom had exchanged the next turn with Billy Fisher for a good kite, and then Johnny Miller, and so on. ___47____ He had learned that to make someone want something, you only have to make it difficult to get.
根据短文内容，从方框中选出四个选项填入文中空缺处，使短文内容通顺完整。有一项剩余。
A．All of the boys were glad to paint this fence because they could get Tom’s toys if they did.
B．Tom gave Ben his brush with reluctance (勉强) on his face, but with happiness in his heart.
C．Suddenly he had an idea. He took his brush and started painting.
D．By the time he had no more paint, he had had lots of toys and treasures, and the fence had had three coats of paint.
E．Why not? Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence every day?
（2020·山东临沂）Wake up, boys and girls! Put up your hand if you try to repair your tired body by sleeping in(睡懒觉)on weekends. A new study says the habit might not be a good idea for your health.
The ten-day study came out in the magazine Current Biology. Volunteers were divided into three groups. The first group enjoyed nine hours' sleep each night. The second group was allowed to sleep only five hours each night. The third group was given five hours' sleep Monday through Friday.________48_________But they were put back on the short sleep schedule the next Monday.
Both the second and third groups ate more snacks at night and put on weight. They also saw a decrease (减少) in insulin sensitivity (胰岛素敏感性), a warning sign for diabetes (糖尿病). Researchers have long known a lack (缺乏) of sleep can increase health risks._______49_______
"Even though people in the third group slept as much as they could on the weekend, it was not enough," said Dr Kenneth Wright, who led the study. "When they went back to the short sleep schedule the next week, their body failed to control blood sugar. ______50______
So what should we do if sleeping in over the weekend is not a good choice? _______51_______ Cut out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on computers or mobile phones. Always remember. Getting enough sleep is as important as having good caring habits or doing exercise regularly.
A．That was partly because their biological clock (生物钟) had been changed.
B．People can repair their tired body by sleeping in on weekends.
C．But it was surprising that the third group had been worse than the second one.
D．Dr Wright gave advice in two words: sleep longer.
E．And then they were allowed to sleep as much as they liked over a weekend.
参考答案：
1． C
2． A
3． B
4． C
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。
1． 细节理解题。根据“Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten （腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly.”可知，仓颉记不清这件事，因为他不能从腐烂的绳子或形状记起那件事。故选C。
2． 词义猜测题。根据“These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by.”可知，动物的脚印各不相同，这些脚印帮助仓颉认出了经过的动物，所以recognize表示“识别”，和know意思相同。故选A。
3． 推理判断题。根据“To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot （小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line （竖线）made up the moon. And three curves （曲线） were used to show water. ”可知，第四段作者通过举例的方式解释仓颉的简单标记。故选B。
4． 主旨大意题。根据“In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。故选C。
5． C
6． B
7． A
8． C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯
5． 细节理解题。根据“In other words, they sleep with their eyes open.”可知，军舰鸟可以睁着眼睛睡觉。故选C。
6． 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题：候鸟如何睡觉和何时睡觉；第二段介绍军舰鸟能够在飞行时睡觉并有两种短期睡眠；第三第四段分别具体介绍军舰鸟两种短期睡眠；第五段讲了其他候鸟在迁徙过程中是如何睡觉并且有候鸟几乎没有睡觉；第六段总结全文展望未来。综上所述，B图符合本文结构。故选B。
7． 细节理解题。根据“The sleeping habits of birds are different from species （物种） to species.”可知，科学家研究后发现鸟类的睡眠习惯因物种而异。故选A。
8． 最佳标题题。根据“During this long journey, when and how do they sleep?”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯，C选项“在天空中睡觉”可作为标题。故选C。
9． A
10． C
11． B
12． A
【解析】
【分析】
文章是对2060年的生活进行畅想。
9． 细节理解题。根据“In 2060, we will be able to “talk” to animals.”以及“We may find aliens in space and talk with them.”可知，到2060年，人类或许能够与狗狗和外星人交流。故选A。
10． 篇章结构题。根据文章的理解可知，第一段总体指出2060年我们的生活将改变，超出我们最疯狂的梦想；第二、三、四、五段分别从不同的方面介绍2060年的生活中的改变；第六段再次总结让我们期待2060年的生活会是什么样子，C选项的结构划分符合，故选C。
11． 推理判断题。根据“They said that in the next forty years, our lives would change beyond our wildest dreams.”以及“Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!”可知，2060年的生活的改变将超出我们最疯狂的梦想，是令人惊讶的，所以作者是以令人惊叹的语气写出这篇文章，故选B。
12． 最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解及“Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!”可知，文章主要是畅想2060年的生活，故选A。
13． B
14． C
15． A
16． C
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了有关茶的发展历史以及世界上产茶最多的国家以及喝茶最多的国家等。
13． 细节理解题。根据“Which country grows the most tea? The answer is India. It grows three times as much as China. Which country drinks the most tea? It’s neither China nor Japan. It’s Great Britain.”可知，文章通过自问自答的比较的方式开始文章的描述，故选B。
14． 词义猜测题。根据“In the wild, tea plants may be 9 meters tall.”以及“Pruning keeps the plant only 0.9 or 1.2 meters tall.”可知，原本能够长9米高的茶树，让它保持在0.9到1.2米之间是需要修剪才可以的，所以单词“pruned”指的是“修剪”，故选C。
15． 推理判断题。根据“One customer put the bag into a pot. Then he just poured hot water over it. And the tea bag was born.”以及“Leaves from a wild tea tree fell into the hot water pot. The next cup was poured. The water was now colored. Shen tasted it. He liked it. He drank it all. Shen was proud of his new drink.”可知，茶和茶包都是偶然间发明的，故选A。
16． 主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍茶的发现以及发展历史，故选C。
17． C
18． B
19． A
20． C
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲了亚马逊河。亚马逊河是世界上第二长河，它的淡水量最大；亚马逊河有90英里宽，这条河也很深（从22米到76米）；世界上最嗜血的鱼是亚马逊的食人鱼；你打算去亚马逊旅行吗？
17． 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea. There's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current. A ship sailed…Just put your buckets (桶) into the sea.”可知，人们是可以喝亚马逊河的水的，故选项A错误；根据本段内容可知，文中没有说在雨季游览亚马逊河不好，故选项B错误；根据第二段内容所讲的故事可知，在亚马逊河上航行需要了解其水流的知识，比如可以从入海口往上游航行大约一千八百英里。故选项C正确。故选C。
18． 细节理解题。根据第一段“How long is that? It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco.”可知，作者是通过把它比作陆地上的距离，来让人们知道河流的长度的。故选B。
19． 词义猜测题。根据前面的“What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world? No. It's not the shark It's the Amazon's piranha”可知世界上最嗜血的鱼是亚马逊的食人鱼；根据最后一段“A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones (骨头) in three minutes. 一匹1000磅重的马在三分钟内就只剩下骨头”，结合选项可知，此处shark意为“锋利的”牙齿。故选A。
20． 主旨大意题。根据本文内容，主要讲了亚马逊河的知识，结合第三段开头“Here are a few more facts.”可知，本文主要是有关亚马逊的有趣现象与事实。故选C。
21． B
22． B
23． A
24． A
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：文章介绍了世界上第一位人工智能机器人艺术家。
21． 细节理解题。根据第1段中“She looks like any artist at work. However, the "beep ... beep ... beep" noise from her arm gives her away. Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot.”可知Ai-Da并不是一位真正的艺术家，而是一位机器人。陈述与原文不符。故填B。
22． 细节理解题。根据第3段中“Since 2006, scientists have been developing software to turn photos into drawings.”可知“自2006年以来科学家们一直在开发软件将照片变成画作”。陈述与原文不符。故填B。
23． 细节理解题。根据第4段中“In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford. ”可知“在6月，艾达在牛津大学成功地举办了她的第一个展览，并吸引了很多参观者。” 陈述与原文相符。故填A。
24． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Aidan Meller的话“Al is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly."可知Aidan Meller认为人工智能将成为21世纪20年代的大事，将对人类的生活影响极大。陈述与原文相近。故填A。
25． Because he was often bullied at school.
26． He told his story in public./He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.
27． He set up a website./He set up “Blue Day”./He answers people with bullying problems on the phone/online/by e-mail./He speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying. （列出两个方式即可得分）
28． He is brave and great. Because he helps not only himself but also others. （答案合理即 可）
29． Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half./Don’t run away from our problems./A small act of kindness can make a big difference.（答案合理即可）
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述Rob Frenette在学校受到欺辱，他把他的事情登上了报纸和电视台。此后在空余时间他帮助他人解决欺凌问题。他和朋友建立了一个网站来提供一些建议，并创办了“Blue Day”。
25． 根据“Rob Frenette, a Canadian boy, was often bullied （欺凌）at school.”可知Rob Frenette经常感到孤独和害怕是因为他经常遭受校园欺凌。故填Because he was often bullied at school.
26． 根据“He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon, all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences.”可知，Rob走进一家报社，向他们讲述了欺凌事件，报纸把他的故事刊登在报纸上，他用这种方式解决了他的问题。故填He told his story in public. /He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.
27． 根据“In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.”和“With his friend Katie Neu, he set up the website www. bullyingcanada.ca.”和“When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team”和“Every weekend, Rob answers e-mails from people who have been bullied at school. He also speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.”可知，Rob Frenette建立了一个网站“蓝色日”，他通过电话、在线和电子邮件回答有欺凌问题的人，他向加拿大各地的儿童和教师讲述了欺凌行为。故填He set up a website./He set up “Blue Day”./He answers people with bullying problems on the phone/online/by e-mail./He speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.
28． 开放性题，答案合理即可，通过“He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.”和“In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.”可知，Rob Frenette是勇敢而伟大的，因为他不仅帮助自己，也帮助别人。故填He is brave and great. Because he helps not only himself but also others.
29． 开放性题，答案合理即可，根据全文内容可知，本文讲述Rob Frenette在学校受到欺辱，他把他的事情登上了报纸和电视台。此后在空余时间他帮助他人解决欺凌问题，所以我们在这个故事中能学到不要逃避自己面对的问题，小小的举动也能带来很大的不同等。故填Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half./Don’t run away from our problems./A small act of kindness can make a big difference.
30． He captured five Native Americans.
31． Many important men in England that Squanto knew.
32． In 1620.
33． He helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.
34． He was big-hearted. Because he volunteered to go with Weymouth to England./He was forgiving. Because he offered to help the Pilgrims although some Englishmen were cruel to him./He was brave. Because he tried his best to go back home although he had to face so many difficulties. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了印第安人Squanto的坎坷的人生经历，以及他对清教徒前辈美洲移民的帮助。
30． 根据“George Weymouth, an English captain (船长), was exploring America. People from England were interested in the Native Americans of this new land. When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men.”可知，当Weymouth来到Squanto所在的村庄时抓了五个印第安人，故填He captured five Native Americans.
31． 根据“By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them.”可知，Squanto认识了许多英国的重要人物。他们喜欢Squanto，想帮助他。最后，Squanto在他们的帮助下于1619年回到了他的家乡，故填Many important men in England that Squanto knew。
32． 根据“When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come.”可知，清教徒是1620年到达美洲，故填In 1620。
33． 根据“Squanto helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.”可知，Squanto在许多方面帮助了清教徒，包括教他们如何捕鱼。故填He helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.
34． 根据“When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men. Squanto was not among them, but the little boy was curious (好奇的). He volunteered to go with Weymouth to England.”说明，他是心胸宽广的，因为他自愿和Weymouth一起去英国。根据“In 1614...They promised to take Squanto to his home village after the trip. Squanto was happy and agreed to go...he sold him to Spain as a slave (奴隶).”以及“When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come. They needed help. Squanto happened to be living close to their houses. He offered to help.”可知，他很宽容，因为他愿意帮助朝圣者，尽管有些英国人对他很残忍。根据“By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them.”可知，他很勇敢。因为尽管他要面对很多困难，但他还是尽力回家了，故填He was big-hearted. Because he volunteered to go with Weymouth to England./He was forgiving. Because he offered to help the Pilgrims although some Englishmen were cruel to him./He was brave. Because he tried his best to go back home although he had to face so many difficulties. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)
35． Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets.
36． In 2015.
37． The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand.
38． He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention.
39． Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own.
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述了一个穿着蜘蛛侠衣服的人每天晚上给无家可归的人分发食物，他想通过自己行动呼吁更多的人伸出援助之手，去帮助有需要的人。
35． 根据Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets，每天晚上，他穿上蜘蛛侠的衣服，给他遇到的无家可归人分发食物，所以空格填Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets。故答案为Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets。
36． 根据The 25-year-old man started his night activities in 2015，可知，这个年轻人在2015年开始他的晚间活动，所以空格处填In 2015。故答案为In 2015。
37． 根据The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves (应得) a helping hand，可知，这个年轻人希望他的行动能向别人表明，每个人都应该得到帮助，所以空格处填The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand。故答案为The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand。
38． 根据The man said, "I wear the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention." Without the suit, few people took a second look at him when he was handing out food，可知，这个年轻人穿上蜘蛛侠的衣服是为了得到关注，如果没有这套衣服，在他分发食物时，很少有人看他一眼，所以空格处填He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention。故答案为He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention。
39． 根据Instead, he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own，可知，他想鼓励人们走出去，自己帮助那些有需要的人，所以空格处填Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own。故答案为Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own。
40． E
41． C
42． D
43． B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了在过去，包括医生在内的人都不知道病菌是如何传播的。于是在1619年，有医生发明了鸟形的面罩来阻止病菌传播。事实上，由跳蚤和啮齿动物传播的瘟疫并不是依靠面罩，而是依靠包裹医生全身的外套、手套、靴子和帽子来阻止的。
40． 根据前句“For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread.”和后句“Some doctors even tried dressing like birds.”可知，此处指医生尝试了很多阻止病菌传播的方法，E项“他们做了很多事情来避免生病”符合语境。故选E。
41． 根据后句“It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes.”可知，此处是在描述面具，且与鸟有关，C项“面具使医生看起来像鸟”符合语境。故选C。
42． 根据后句“They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air…”和下文中的“and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指在面具里放花来防止吸入坏空气，D项“所以医生在他们面具的鸟嘴上放了花”符合语境。故选D。
43． 根据“Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指通过空气传播的病菌会使人生病，B项“很多医生仍然通过面具中的鼻孔呼吸而生病”符合语境。故选B。
44． C
45． E
46． B
47． D
【解析】
【分析】
文章选自《汤姆索亚历险记》，这段内容主要讲聪明的汤姆是如何让别的孩子帮助他粉刷篱笆的。
44． 根据“Tom ignored him and continued painting.”可知在此之前已经拿起刷子开始粉刷篱笆了，C项“突然，他有了一个主意。他拿起刷子开始粉刷。”符合语境。故选C。
45． 根据“Do you really like it?”可知本问汤姆是否真的喜欢粉刷篱笆，结合“Tom moved his brush carefully backwards and forwards and stepped back to look.”可知汤姆表现成很喜欢粉刷篱笆的样子，E项“为什么不呢？一个男孩每天都有机会粉刷篱笆吗？”符合语境。故选E。
46． 根据“While Ben was working in the sun”可知汤姆让本粉刷篱笆了，B项“汤姆把刷子递给本，脸上带着不情愿，但心里却很高兴。”符合语境。故选B。
47． 根据“By the time Ben was tired, Tom had exchanged the next turn with Billy Fisher for a good kite, and then Johnny Miller, and so on.”可知大家都争着粉刷篱笆，D项“等到他的油漆都用光的时候，他已经有了许多玩具和宝贝，而且篱笆已经刷了三层漆了。”符合语境。故选D。
48． E
49． C
50． A
51． D
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了平时少睡觉，周末多睡觉，这不是一个有利于健康的好习惯。充足的睡眠，健康饮食和锻炼身体同等重要。
48． 根据“The third group was given five hours' sleep Monday through Friday.”可知，第三组人从周一到周五只睡五个小时，周末允许尽情睡。故选E。
49． 根据“Even though people in the third group slept as much as they could on the weekend, it was not enough,”可知，此处介绍第三组人的情况。故选C。
50． 根据“When they went back to the short sleep schedule the next week, their body failed to control blood sugar.”可知，当他们在接下来的一周重新回到短睡眠时间时，他们的身体无法控制血糖。这是因为他们的生物钟已经改变了。故选A。
51． 根据“Getting enough sleep is as important as having good caring habits or doing exercise regularly.”可知，此处表示要有足够的睡眠，睡得时间更长些。故选D。
山东省临沂市三年（2020-2022）中考英语真题分题型分层汇编
02任务型阅读（阅读单选、阅读回答问题、阅读还原）
一、 阅读单选
（2022·山东临沂）Words in the Snow
In the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were no written words. People recorded things by tying knots（打结）in ropes and carving（雕刻） shapes on stone walls. One day, the Yellow Emperor discussed an event with a wise man named Cang Jie. Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten（腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but could hardly read the shapes on it. They had been carved by another person except himself.
“The ropes will be rotten. And the shapes can only be read by a few people, "the emperor said to Cang. “Can you come up with something better?”
Cang thought over the matter for days and nights. On the morning after a heavy snowfall, the earth was completely white. He saw the footmarks of some different animals by accident. These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by. Cang suddenly had an idea. He picked a stick and drew on the snow-covered ground. He first drew a tiger and a bear to show that they had passed by. But soon, he found this was taking too much time. He realized that he had to make the drawings easier.
All the shapes on the stone walls flashed through his mind. Cang kept making all kinds of shapes on the ground easier. To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot（小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line（竖线）made up the moon. And three curves（曲线） were used to show water. Later, the sun appeared. These simple marks shone brightly in the snow.
In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. Since then, they have been able to record their own history.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1． Cang Jie couldn’t remember the event clearly because he couldn’t ________.
A．record things by tying knots in ropes
B．carve shapes on the stone walls
C．read the rotten rope or the shapes about it
2． The underlined word “recognize” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．know B．praise C．accept
3． In Paragraph 4, the writer explains Cang’s simple marks by ________.
A．giving some advice B．giving several examples C．asking a few questions
4． The passage mainly tells us _________.
A．what reminded Cang Jie to use shapes or marks to show different things
B．why Cang Jie was asked to come up with better ways to record things
C．how Cang Jie created a whole set of symbols to record things
（2022·山东临沂）Migratory birds （候鸟）fly to different places during different seasons. They may fly day and night for months at a time. During this long journey, when and how do they sleep?
In 2016, some scientists studied a group of frigate birds（军舰鸟）during a ten-day flying journey. They found that frigate birds can sleep while they’re flying! According to this study, these birds take two kinds of short sleep.
The first is called Rapid Eye Movement（REM, 快速动眼）sleep. It is the deepest period of sleep. For humans, REM sleep can continue for many minutes. For flying birds, however, REM sleep continues for only a few seconds（秒）. Even so, this period of sleep is still very important for their brain health.
The other kind of short sleep is “half sleep”. Frigate birds put only half of their brain to sleep, while the other half stays awake. The eyes of these birds are always connected to the waking part of their brain. In other words, they sleep with their eyes open. It is still a little dangerous to take such a short sleep, though. So, these birds prefer to stay awake most of the time. Before reaching land, they spend less than three percent of their time sleeping.
However, not all migratory birds sleep in this way. Many will make several stops on their way to get a good rest. Some stay completely awake for their whole journey. Alpine Swifts（高山雨燕）, for example, can keep flying for nearly 200 days. There are few signs of these birds sleeping during their long trips.
The sleeping habits of birds are different from species（物种） to species. This makes the study of migratory birds very exciting for scientists. In the future, we may learn more amazing things about these animals!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
5． What do we know about frigate birds?
A．Their REM sleep continues for many minutes.
B．They don’t sleep during their long trips.
C．They can sleep with their eyes open.
6． Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?（P=Paragraph）
A． B． C．
7． After the study of migratory birds, the scientists have found ________.
A．the sleeping habits of birds are different from species to species
B．why migratory birds fly to different places during different seasons
C．all migratory birds spend a little time sleeping during a long journey
8． What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Alpine Swifts’ 200-day Trip
B．Frigate Birds’ Flying Journey
C．Sleeping in the Sky
（2021·山东临沂）Have you ever imagined what life will be like in 2060? An international group of forty scientists have made some surprising predictions. They said that in the next forty years, our lives would change beyond our wildest dreams.
Firstly, humans can grow body parts themselves. Dr. Ellen Heber-Katz is one of the forty scientists. He says, “People will think it common that sick organs (器官) can be repaired. It’s just like the way we fix a car.” Damaged parts will be taken away. Scientists could use human cells (细胞) to grow new organs. New technologies like this will also help people to live longer. Within forty years, most people will be able to live up to one hundred years.
Secondly, the scientists have predicted that a machine will be invented to “read” the minds of animals. In 2060, we will be able to “talk” to animals. Scientists say that humans may first “talk” with mammals (哺乳动物) and then other vertebrates (脊椎动物) such as fish.
Our houses might also change beyond our imagination. Dr. Susan Greenfield predicts that when you enter the living room, sensors (传感器) will know you. They will turn on the lights. If you talk to the lights, they will change to the color of your choice.
But what would be the biggest breakthrough (突破) over the next forty years? A number of scientists believe it would be the discovery of aliens. NASA scientist Chris Mckay says, “We may find aliens in space and talk with them.” He believes marks of alien life may even be found here on Earth.
Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
9． Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
A．In 2060, humans may be able to communicate with dogs and aliens.
B．Most people will be able to live up to two hundred years in forty years.
C．The sensors will turn off the lights after you leave the living room in 2060.
10． Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (P1=Paragraph 1)
A． B． C．
11． The writer wrote the passage in a ________ tone (语气).
A．scary B．surprising C．disappointing
12． What is the best title for the passage?
A．Life in 2060 B．The Biggest Breakthrough C．How to Live Longer
（2021·山东临沂）Which country grows the most tea? The answer is India. It grows three times as much as China. Which country drinks the most tea? It’s neither China nor Japan. It’s Great Britain.
In the wild, tea plants may be 9 meters tall. But a plant grown for market is pruned. Pruning keeps the plant only 0.9 or 1.2 meters tall. This is an easy height for tea picking. Only the two top leaves and bud (芽) of each new shoot are picked. So to make money, tea plantations (种植园) must be huge.
In general, there are two kinds of tea: black tea and green tea. Black tea is fermented (发酵). In the process, the tea loses nearly all of its healthy parts. Green tea is steamed (蒸) right after the leaves are picked. Green tea keeps its healthy parts. For example, it may prevent heart illness.
How did we get tea bags? The answer: by accident. Tea businessmen used to send samples (样品) in tin (锡) boxes. This was very expensive. One businessman thought of a cheaper way. He sent samples in small silk bags. Customers would open the bag. They would make tea as usual. One customer put the bag into a pot. Then he just poured hot water over it. And the tea bag was born.
Shen Nong was the first to drink tea. He was a Chinese emperor. This was about 2737 B．C．Shen drank several cups of hot water daily. One day something happened. Leaves from a wild tea tree fell into the hot water pot. The next cup was poured. The water was now colored. Shen tasted it. He liked it. He drank it all. Shen was proud of his new drink. He served it to his guests. Word spread. People thought this way: tea is good enough for the Emperor, so it must be good enough for the people. Tea became the drink of China.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
13． The writer starts the passage by ________.
A．telling an interesting story
B．comparing some information
C．giving several useful suggestions
14． In Paragraph Two, the underlined word “pruned” means “________” in Chinese.
A．删除 B．采摘 C．修剪
15． After reading the passage, it seems clear that ________.
A．tea and tea bags were invented by accident
B．black tea is healthier than green tea
C．tea is better for you than any other drink
16． The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．the popularity of tea bags
B．the ways of making green tea and black tea
C．the discovery and development of tea
（2020·山东临沂）The longest river in the world is the Nile. It is 4,160 miles long. But the Nile is not the mightiest (浩荡的) river. The Amazon is. The Amazon is also the second longest river in the world. It is 3,900 miles long. How long is that? It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco.
The Amazon is the mightiest for this reason. It has the greatest amount of water. More water runs out to sea than from the Nile. Mississippi, and Yangtze rivers combined. That's a lot of fresh water! The force of its current (水流) is great too. The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea. There's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current. A ship sailed (航行) far away from Brazil. It ran out of drinking water. Another ship passed by. The first ship asked for water. Someone on the second ship said. "Just put your buckets (桶) into the sea."
Here are a few more facts. At its mouth, the Amazon is 90 miles wide. Even up the river, you can't see the opposite bank. The river is also very deep(from 22 to 76 meters). During rainy season, the river rises about 16 meters more. Big ocean ships can sail about 1,800 miles upstream (向上游). Smaller ships can sail 1,000 miles farther.
What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world? No. It's not the shark. It's the Amazon's piranha. It is only about 10 cm to 20 cm long. It has sharp teeth. Thousands travel in a group. No animal can swim across the rivet. A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones (骨头) in three minutes. Are you planning a trip to the Amazon? Here's a piece of advice. Leave your swimsuit at home!
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
17． After reading this passage it seems clear that____________.
A．people do not drink the Amazon’s water
B．it would not be good to visit the Amazon during rainy season
C．sailing on the Amazon requires knowledge of its current
18． The writer helps you understand how long the Amazon is by___________.
A．telling how long the Nile is B．comparing it to a distance(距离)on land
C．comparing it with the Yangtze River
19． In Paragraph Four, the word“sharp”means“_________”in Chinese.
A．锋利的 B．急剧的 C．强烈的
20． The passage mainly tells us____________.
A．piranha in the Amazon B．traveling in the Amazon
C．interesting facts about the Amazon
（2020·山东临沂）Wearing a white blouse, Ai-Da studies her subject and begins to draw. She looks like any artist at work. However, the "beep ... beep ... beep" noise from her arm gives her away. Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot.
Ai-Da has been described as the world's "first AI (人工智能) robot artist". She takes her name from Ada Lovelace, the world's first female computer programmer. Scientists at Oxford University developed AI systems (系统) for Ai-Da. The robot has cameras in her eyeballs. After she has studied a subject, she will use her left arm to draw. Now, Ai-Da can only use a pencil for sketches (素描). The plan is for her to paint.
Ai-Da is not the first AI system to produce artworks. Since 2006, scientists have been developing software (软件) to turn photos into drawings. Last year, an artwork created using AI was sold in New York for $132,500. However, Ai-Da's human-like appearance brings something new to the field.
In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford. There were about 30 drawings by the robot. Ai-Da, standing next to her artworks, attracted (吸引) many visitors.
Ai-Da's inventor, Aidan Meller, talked about the importance of the robot. "Ai-Da brings a new voice to the art world," she said. "AI is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly." Meller hopes the exhibition was just the start and that more will follow to show how AI is influencing human life.
根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。
21． Ai-Da is a real artist who helps scientists at Oxford University develop AI systems.
22． Last year, scientists began to develop software to turn photos into drawings.
23． In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford successfully.
24． Aidan Meller thinks AI is going to influence human life more and more greatly.
二、 阅读回答问题
（2022·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，完成短文后的问题。
Rob Frenette, a Canadian boy, was often bullied （欺凌）at school. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems. He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon, all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences. They also wanted to hear his ideas about how to stop bullying.
In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.
With his friend Katie Neu, he set up the website www. bullyingcanada.ca. On the website, visitors can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French. When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team.
Every weekend, Rob answers e-mails from people who have been bullied at school. He also speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.
Rob’s most important message is: “When you’re bullied, there’s nothing wrong with you. So, keep trusting yourself. And remember that there are people who care about your problems. You just have to find those people. ”
One of Rob’s ideas is “Blue Day”, a special day that works to stop the problem of bullying in schools. On that day, students have to wear blue clothes, and in class, they learn how to stop bullying from happening. More than 150 Canadian schools now celebrate Blue Day. Rob says he won’t stop until there is Blue Day in every school in Canada.
25． Why did Rob Frenette often feel lonely and scared?
____________________________________________________________
26． How did Rob solve his problems at the age of fifteen?
____________________________________________________________
27． List two ways Rob helps other people with bullying problems.
____________________________________________________________
28． What do you think of Rob Frenette? And why?
____________________________________________________________
29． What can you learn from the story?
____________________________________________________________
（2021·山东临沂）根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
A Friend to the Pilgrims
“I speak English.” When the Pilgrims (清教徒前辈美洲移民) heard these words, they were very surprised. The words came from Squanto, a Native American (印第安人). But how did he learn to speak English? As the Pilgrims would soon find out, this happened to be a long story.
In 1605, George Weymouth, an English captain (船长), was exploring America. People from England were interested in the Native Americans of this new land. When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men. Squanto was not among them, but the little boy was curious (好奇的). He volunteered to go with Weymouth to England.
In England, a friend of Weymouth’s took good care of Squanto. But after nine years, Squanto felt homesick. In 1614, two English captains, John Smith and Thomas Hunt, asked Squanto to help them explore America. They promised to take Squanto to his home village after the trip. Squanto was happy and agreed to go. But after the trip, Captain Hunt broke his promise. Instead of bringing Squanto to see his family, he sold him to Spain as a slave (奴隶).
In Spain, some monks (僧侣) saved Squanto and looked after him for three years. Then, he joined another trip to North America. The trip was to Newfoundland. This was still far from Squanto’s home. Squanto returned to England in the end.
By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them. But sadly, the village was empty. All of the villagers had died from an illness.
When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come. They needed help. Squanto happened to be living close to their houses. He offered to help. Knowing the language and customs of Englishmen, Squanto helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish. The Pilgrims were really lucky to have such a good friend!
30． What did George Weymouth do when he came to Squanto’s village?
________________
31． Who helped Squanto return to his home village in the end?
________________
32． When did the Pilgrims arrive in America?
________________
33． How did Squanto help the Pilgrims?
________________
34． What do you think of Squanto? And why?
________________
（2020·山东临沂）On winter nights, the wind usually blows strongly. Most of us stay inside our warm homes. Few of us think about the homeless. These people have no choice but to sleep on the streets. Some of them are so poor that they have no money to buy food.
A young man in Birmingham, England, made a decision to do something about this. Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets. He makes sure that these people won't go hungry.
The man refuses to make his name public. The local people call him the "Birmingham Spider-Man". The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves (应得) a helping hand.
The 25-year-old man started his night activities in 2015. Every night at 9, he buys some sandwiches. Then. he finds a quiet alley and puts on his "uniform". After that, the "Spider-Man" starts handing his food out to people in need.
The man said, "I wear the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention." Without the suit, few people took a second look at him when he was handing out food. When people see the "Spider-Stan",however, they come over and ask what he is doing.
"The Birmingham Spider-Man" has already got lots of attention. Many people have offered to give away money to him. But the young man never accepts the money. Instead, he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own. He said, "If more people offer a helping hand, the cold winter nights won't be so cold any longer."
35． How does the young man in Birmingham, England help the homeless people?
______________________________________________________________________________________
36． When did the young man start his night activities?
______________________________________________________________________________________
37． What does the young man hope his action will show others?
______________________________________________________________________________________
38． Why does the young man wear the Spider-Man suit when he helps the homeless people?
______________________________________________________________________________________
39． Why does the young man never accept the money that many people have given away to him?
______________________________________________________________________________________
三、 阅读还原5选4
（2022·山东临沂）The Bird Mask
Today, doctors know a lot about how to stop germs (病菌) from spreading. They suggest people cover their mouths when they cough. Washing your hands often also helps.
However, people haven’t always known about germs. For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread. ___40___ Some doctors even tried dressing like birds.
In 1619, the French doctor, Charles de Lorme, invented a special uniform. He hoped it could protect doctors who were treating plague (瘟疫) patients. The uniform had a long coat, gloves, boots (靴子) and a hat.
The doctors also carried sticks so they wouldn’t have to touch the patients. The most special part of the uniform was the mask (面具).
___41___ It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes.
At that time, doctors believed the plague was spread by bad air. Any air that had a bad smell was dangerous. __42___ They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air and they wouldn’t get sick because of the plague.
Did it work? Well, not really. Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them. ___43___
Some forms of plague only spread through certain animals such as mice. The doctors’ uniform helped to protect them from this danger. However, largely the coat, gloves, boots and hat did the job, not the bird mask.
根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A．The bird mask helped to protect the doctors from this danger.
B．Many doctors still got sick by breathing through the nostril holes in their masks.
C．The mask made the doctors look like birds.
D．So the doctors put flowers in the beak of their masks.
E．They did many things to avoid getting sick.
（2021·山东临沂）On Saturday morning, Tom Sawyer had to paint his aunt’s fence (栅栏). Tom looked at the thirty meters of wide fence and felt bad. He thought of the fun he had planned for the day. Soon the free boys would go out to play, and they would laugh at him for having to work. He felt even worse. ____44___
Soon Ben Rogers appeared, eating an apple. Tom ignored (不理) him and continued painting. He stopped and looked at his work like an artist. “Hello, Tom. I’m going swimming. Don’t you wish you could? But of course, you have to work.”
Tom looked at Ben, then said, “What do you call work?”
“Isn’t this work?”
Tom continued painting, and answered, “Well, maybe it is, and maybe it isn’t. All I know is, I like it.”
“Do you really like it?”
“____45____”
That made it sound different. Ben stopped eating his apple. Tom moved his brush carefully backwards and forwards and stepped back to look. Ben watched every move, getting more interested. Presently, he said, “Hey, Tom, let me paint a little.”
Tom thought, and then said, “No, I don’t think so, Ben. Aunt Polly wants this fence painted carefully because it’s on the street. It’s difficult to do it right.”
“Come on, let me try.”
“I’d like to, Ben. But Aunt Polly won’t even let my brother Sid do it.”
“I’ll be careful. I’ll give you my apple.”
____46____ While Ben was working in the sun, Tom sat under a tree eating the apple and thinking how to catch more boys. And there were lots of them. Boys came to make fun, but stayed to paint. By the time Ben was tired, Tom had exchanged the next turn with Billy Fisher for a good kite, and then Johnny Miller, and so on. ___47____ He had learned that to make someone want something, you only have to make it difficult to get.
根据短文内容，从方框中选出四个选项填入文中空缺处，使短文内容通顺完整。有一项剩余。
A．All of the boys were glad to paint this fence because they could get Tom’s toys if they did.
B．Tom gave Ben his brush with reluctance (勉强) on his face, but with happiness in his heart.
C．Suddenly he had an idea. He took his brush and started painting.
D．By the time he had no more paint, he had had lots of toys and treasures, and the fence had had three coats of paint.
E．Why not? Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence every day?
（2020·山东临沂）Wake up, boys and girls! Put up your hand if you try to repair your tired body by sleeping in(睡懒觉)on weekends. A new study says the habit might not be a good idea for your health.
The ten-day study came out in the magazine Current Biology. Volunteers were divided into three groups. The first group enjoyed nine hours' sleep each night. The second group was allowed to sleep only five hours each night. The third group was given five hours' sleep Monday through Friday.________48_________But they were put back on the short sleep schedule the next Monday.
Both the second and third groups ate more snacks at night and put on weight. They also saw a decrease (减少) in insulin sensitivity (胰岛素敏感性), a warning sign for diabetes (糖尿病). Researchers have long known a lack (缺乏) of sleep can increase health risks._______49_______
"Even though people in the third group slept as much as they could on the weekend, it was not enough," said Dr Kenneth Wright, who led the study. "When they went back to the short sleep schedule the next week, their body failed to control blood sugar. ______50______
So what should we do if sleeping in over the weekend is not a good choice? _______51_______ Cut out the "sleep stealers" such as watching television shows or spending time on computers or mobile phones. Always remember. Getting enough sleep is as important as having good caring habits or doing exercise regularly.
A．That was partly because their biological clock (生物钟) had been changed.
B．People can repair their tired body by sleeping in on weekends.
C．But it was surprising that the third group had been worse than the second one.
D．Dr Wright gave advice in two words: sleep longer.
E．And then they were allowed to sleep as much as they liked over a weekend.
参考答案：
1． C
2． A
3． B
4． C
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。
1． 细节理解题。根据“Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but found it was rotten （腐烂的）. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly.”可知，仓颉记不清这件事，因为他不能从腐烂的绳子或形状记起那件事。故选C。
2． 词义猜测题。根据“These footmarks helped him to recognize what animals had passed by.”可知，动物的脚印各不相同，这些脚印帮助仓颉认出了经过的动物，所以recognize表示“识别”，和know意思相同。故选A。
3． 推理判断题。根据“To show the sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot （小点）in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line （竖线）made up the moon. And three curves （曲线） were used to show water. ”可知，第四段作者通过举例的方式解释仓颉的简单标记。故选B。
4． 主旨大意题。根据“In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲了仓颉是如何创造出一整套符号来记录事物，也就是仓颉造字的故事。故选C。
5． C
6． B
7． A
8． C
【解析】
【导语】
本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯
5． 细节理解题。根据“In other words, they sleep with their eyes open.”可知，军舰鸟可以睁着眼睛睡觉。故选C。
6． 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出话题：候鸟如何睡觉和何时睡觉；第二段介绍军舰鸟能够在飞行时睡觉并有两种短期睡眠；第三第四段分别具体介绍军舰鸟两种短期睡眠；第五段讲了其他候鸟在迁徙过程中是如何睡觉并且有候鸟几乎没有睡觉；第六段总结全文展望未来。综上所述，B图符合本文结构。故选B。
7． 细节理解题。根据“The sleeping habits of birds are different from species （物种） to species.”可知，科学家研究后发现鸟类的睡眠习惯因物种而异。故选A。
8． 最佳标题题。根据“During this long journey, when and how do they sleep?”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了候鸟在漫长的迁徙过程中的睡眠习惯，C选项“在天空中睡觉”可作为标题。故选C。
9． A
10． C
11． B
12． A
【解析】
【分析】
文章是对2060年的生活进行畅想。
9． 细节理解题。根据“In 2060, we will be able to “talk” to animals.”以及“We may find aliens in space and talk with them.”可知，到2060年，人类或许能够与狗狗和外星人交流。故选A。
10． 篇章结构题。根据文章的理解可知，第一段总体指出2060年我们的生活将改变，超出我们最疯狂的梦想；第二、三、四、五段分别从不同的方面介绍2060年的生活中的改变；第六段再次总结让我们期待2060年的生活会是什么样子，C选项的结构划分符合，故选C。
11． 推理判断题。根据“They said that in the next forty years, our lives would change beyond our wildest dreams.”以及“Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!”可知，2060年的生活的改变将超出我们最疯狂的梦想，是令人惊讶的，所以作者是以令人惊叹的语气写出这篇文章，故选B。
12． 最佳标题题。根据整个文章的理解及“Does life in 2060 sound cool to you? Let’s wait and see what will really happen then!”可知，文章主要是畅想2060年的生活，故选A。
13． B
14． C
15． A
16． C
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了有关茶的发展历史以及世界上产茶最多的国家以及喝茶最多的国家等。
13． 细节理解题。根据“Which country grows the most tea? The answer is India. It grows three times as much as China. Which country drinks the most tea? It’s neither China nor Japan. It’s Great Britain.”可知，文章通过自问自答的比较的方式开始文章的描述，故选B。
14． 词义猜测题。根据“In the wild, tea plants may be 9 meters tall.”以及“Pruning keeps the plant only 0.9 or 1.2 meters tall.”可知，原本能够长9米高的茶树，让它保持在0.9到1.2米之间是需要修剪才可以的，所以单词“pruned”指的是“修剪”，故选C。
15． 推理判断题。根据“One customer put the bag into a pot. Then he just poured hot water over it. And the tea bag was born.”以及“Leaves from a wild tea tree fell into the hot water pot. The next cup was poured. The water was now colored. Shen tasted it. He liked it. He drank it all. Shen was proud of his new drink.”可知，茶和茶包都是偶然间发明的，故选A。
16． 主旨大意题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍茶的发现以及发展历史，故选C。
17． C
18． B
19． A
20． C
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲了亚马逊河。亚马逊河是世界上第二长河，它的淡水量最大；亚马逊河有90英里宽，这条河也很深（从22米到76米）；世界上最嗜血的鱼是亚马逊的食人鱼；你打算去亚马逊旅行吗？
17． 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The current can be seen 200 miles out in the sea. There's a story to show the Amazon's amazing current. A ship sailed…Just put your buckets (桶) into the sea.”可知，人们是可以喝亚马逊河的水的，故选项A错误；根据本段内容可知，文中没有说在雨季游览亚马逊河不好，故选项B错误；根据第二段内容所讲的故事可知，在亚马逊河上航行需要了解其水流的知识，比如可以从入海口往上游航行大约一千八百英里。故选项C正确。故选C。
18． 细节理解题。根据第一段“How long is that? It is longer than a road going from New York City to San Francisco.”可知，作者是通过把它比作陆地上的距离，来让人们知道河流的长度的。故选B。
19． 词义猜测题。根据前面的“What's the most bloodthirsty fish in the world? No. It's not the shark It's the Amazon's piranha”可知世界上最嗜血的鱼是亚马逊的食人鱼；根据最后一段“A 1,000-pound horse would be just bones (骨头) in three minutes. 一匹1000磅重的马在三分钟内就只剩下骨头”，结合选项可知，此处shark意为“锋利的”牙齿。故选A。
20． 主旨大意题。根据本文内容，主要讲了亚马逊河的知识，结合第三段开头“Here are a few more facts.”可知，本文主要是有关亚马逊的有趣现象与事实。故选C。
21． B
22． B
23． A
24． A
【解析】
【分析】
文章大意：文章介绍了世界上第一位人工智能机器人艺术家。
21． 细节理解题。根据第1段中“She looks like any artist at work. However, the "beep ... beep ... beep" noise from her arm gives her away. Ai-Da is, in fact, a robot.”可知Ai-Da并不是一位真正的艺术家，而是一位机器人。陈述与原文不符。故填B。
22． 细节理解题。根据第3段中“Since 2006, scientists have been developing software to turn photos into drawings.”可知“自2006年以来科学家们一直在开发软件将照片变成画作”。陈述与原文不符。故填B。
23． 细节理解题。根据第4段中“In June, Ai-Da opened her first exhibition at Oxford. ”可知“在6月，艾达在牛津大学成功地举办了她的第一个展览，并吸引了很多参观者。” 陈述与原文相符。故填A。
24． 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Aidan Meller的话“Al is going to be the big thing of the 2020s. That influences us greatly."可知Aidan Meller认为人工智能将成为21世纪20年代的大事，将对人类的生活影响极大。陈述与原文相近。故填A。
25． Because he was often bullied at school.
26． He told his story in public./He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.
27． He set up a website./He set up “Blue Day”./He answers people with bullying problems on the phone/online/by e-mail./He speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying. （列出两个方式即可得分）
28． He is brave and great. Because he helps not only himself but also others. （答案合理即 可）
29． Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half./Don’t run away from our problems./A small act of kindness can make a big difference.（答案合理即可）
【解析】
【导语】
本文讲述Rob Frenette在学校受到欺辱，他把他的事情登上了报纸和电视台。此后在空余时间他帮助他人解决欺凌问题。他和朋友建立了一个网站来提供一些建议，并创办了“Blue Day”。
25． 根据“Rob Frenette, a Canadian boy, was often bullied （欺凌）at school.”可知Rob Frenette经常感到孤独和害怕是因为他经常遭受校园欺凌。故填Because he was often bullied at school.
26． 根据“He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon, all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences.”可知，Rob走进一家报社，向他们讲述了欺凌事件，报纸把他的故事刊登在报纸上，他用这种方式解决了他的问题。故填He told his story in public. /He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.
27． 根据“In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.”和“With his friend Katie Neu, he set up the website www. bullyingcanada.ca.”和“When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team”和“Every weekend, Rob answers e-mails from people who have been bullied at school. He also speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.”可知，Rob Frenette建立了一个网站“蓝色日”，他通过电话、在线和电子邮件回答有欺凌问题的人，他向加拿大各地的儿童和教师讲述了欺凌行为。故填He set up a website./He set up “Blue Day”./He answers people with bullying problems on the phone/online/by e-mail./He speaks to children and teachers around Canada about bullying.
28． 开放性题，答案合理即可，通过“He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying.”和“In his free time after school, Rob helps other people with bullying problems.”可知，Rob Frenette是勇敢而伟大的，因为他不仅帮助自己，也帮助别人。故填He is brave and great. Because he helps not only himself but also others.
29． 开放性题，答案合理即可，根据全文内容可知，本文讲述Rob Frenette在学校受到欺辱，他把他的事情登上了报纸和电视台。此后在空余时间他帮助他人解决欺凌问题，所以我们在这个故事中能学到不要逃避自己面对的问题，小小的举动也能带来很大的不同等。故填Sharing a problem is like cutting it in half./Don’t run away from our problems./A small act of kindness can make a big difference.
30． He captured five Native Americans.
31． Many important men in England that Squanto knew.
32． In 1620.
33． He helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.
34． He was big-hearted. Because he volunteered to go with Weymouth to England./He was forgiving. Because he offered to help the Pilgrims although some Englishmen were cruel to him./He was brave. Because he tried his best to go back home although he had to face so many difficulties. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)
【解析】
【分析】
文章介绍了印第安人Squanto的坎坷的人生经历，以及他对清教徒前辈美洲移民的帮助。
30． 根据“George Weymouth, an English captain (船长), was exploring America. People from England were interested in the Native Americans of this new land. When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men.”可知，当Weymouth来到Squanto所在的村庄时抓了五个印第安人，故填He captured five Native Americans.
31． 根据“By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them.”可知，Squanto认识了许多英国的重要人物。他们喜欢Squanto，想帮助他。最后，Squanto在他们的帮助下于1619年回到了他的家乡，故填Many important men in England that Squanto knew。
32． 根据“When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come.”可知，清教徒是1620年到达美洲，故填In 1620。
33． 根据“Squanto helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.”可知，Squanto在许多方面帮助了清教徒，包括教他们如何捕鱼。故填He helped the Pilgrims in many ways, including teaching them how to catch fish.
34． 根据“When Weymouth came to Squanto’s village, he captured (俘获) five men. Squanto was not among them, but the little boy was curious (好奇的). He volunteered to go with Weymouth to England.”说明，他是心胸宽广的，因为他自愿和Weymouth一起去英国。根据“In 1614...They promised to take Squanto to his home village after the trip. Squanto was happy and agreed to go...he sold him to Spain as a slave (奴隶).”以及“When the Pilgrims arrived in America in 1620, winter would soon come. They needed help. Squanto happened to be living close to their houses. He offered to help.”可知，他很宽容，因为他愿意帮助朝圣者，尽管有些英国人对他很残忍。根据“By now, Squanto had known many important men in England. They liked Squanto and wanted to help him. Finally, Squanto went back to his home village in 1619 with the help of them.”可知，他很勇敢。因为尽管他要面对很多困难，但他还是尽力回家了，故填He was big-hearted. Because he volunteered to go with Weymouth to England./He was forgiving. Because he offered to help the Pilgrims although some Englishmen were cruel to him./He was brave. Because he tried his best to go back home although he had to face so many difficulties. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.)
35． Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets.
36． In 2015.
37． The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand.
38． He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention.
39． Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own.
【解析】
【分析】
本文讲述了一个穿着蜘蛛侠衣服的人每天晚上给无家可归的人分发食物，他想通过自己行动呼吁更多的人伸出援助之手，去帮助有需要的人。
35． 根据Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets，每天晚上，他穿上蜘蛛侠的衣服，给他遇到的无家可归人分发食物，所以空格填Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets。故答案为Every night, he puts on a Spider-Man suit and gives food to the homeless he meets。
36． 根据The 25-year-old man started his night activities in 2015，可知，这个年轻人在2015年开始他的晚间活动，所以空格处填In 2015。故答案为In 2015。
37． 根据The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves (应得) a helping hand，可知，这个年轻人希望他的行动能向别人表明，每个人都应该得到帮助，所以空格处填The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand。故答案为The young man hopes his action will show others that everybody deserves a helping hand。
38． 根据The man said, "I wear the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention." Without the suit, few people took a second look at him when he was handing out food，可知，这个年轻人穿上蜘蛛侠的衣服是为了得到关注，如果没有这套衣服，在他分发食物时，很少有人看他一眼，所以空格处填He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention。故答案为He wears the Spider-Man suit in order to get attention。
39． 根据Instead, he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own，可知，他想鼓励人们走出去，自己帮助那些有需要的人，所以空格处填Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own。故答案为Because he encourages people to go out and help people in need on their own。
40． E
41． C
42． D
43． B
【解析】
【导语】
本文主要介绍了在过去，包括医生在内的人都不知道病菌是如何传播的。于是在1619年，有医生发明了鸟形的面罩来阻止病菌传播。事实上，由跳蚤和啮齿动物传播的瘟疫并不是依靠面罩，而是依靠包裹医生全身的外套、手套、靴子和帽子来阻止的。
40． 根据前句“For many years, even doctors didn’t really understand how illnesses spread.”和后句“Some doctors even tried dressing like birds.”可知，此处指医生尝试了很多阻止病菌传播的方法，E项“他们做了很多事情来避免生病”符合语境。故选E。
41． 根据后句“It had a beak (鸟嘴) that was about 15 cm long. There were also two eyeholes cowered in glass and two nostril (鼻孔) holes.”可知，此处是在描述面具，且与鸟有关，C项“面具使医生看起来像鸟”符合语境。故选C。
42． 根据后句“They believed this could stop them from breathing the bad air…”和下文中的“and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指在面具里放花来防止吸入坏空气，D项“所以医生在他们面具的鸟嘴上放了花”符合语境。故选D。
43． 根据“Certainly the germs sometimes traveled through the air, and the flowers weren’t able to stop them.”可知，此处指通过空气传播的病菌会使人生病，B项“很多医生仍然通过面具中的鼻孔呼吸而生病”符合语境。故选B。
44． C
45． E
46． B
47． D
【解析】
【分析】
文章选自《汤姆索亚历险记》，这段内容主要讲聪明的汤姆是如何让别的孩子帮助他粉刷篱笆的。
44． 根据“Tom ignored him and continued painting.”可知在此之前已经拿起刷子开始粉刷篱笆了，C项“突然，他有了一个主意。他拿起刷子开始粉刷。”符合语境。故选C。
45． 根据“Do you really like it?”可知本问汤姆是否真的喜欢粉刷篱笆，结合“Tom moved his brush carefully backwards and forwards and stepped back to look.”可知汤姆表现成很喜欢粉刷篱笆的样子，E项“为什么不呢？一个男孩每天都有机会粉刷篱笆吗？”符合语境。故选E。
46． 根据“While Ben was working in the sun”可知汤姆让本粉刷篱笆了，B项“汤姆把刷子递给本，脸上带着不情愿，但心里却很高兴。”符合语境。故选B。
47． 根据“By the time Ben was tired, Tom had exchanged the next turn with Billy Fisher for a good kite, and then Johnny Miller, and so on.”可知大家都争着粉刷篱笆，D项“等到他的油漆都用光的时候，他已经有了许多玩具和宝贝，而且篱笆已经刷了三层漆了。”符合语境。故选D。
48． E
49． C
50． A
51． D
【解析】
【分析】
本文介绍了平时少睡觉，周末多睡觉，这不是一个有利于健康的好习惯。充足的睡眠，健康饮食和锻炼身体同等重要。
48． 根据“The third group was given five hours' sleep Monday through Friday.”可知，第三组人从周一到周五只睡五个小时，周末允许尽情睡。故选E。
49． 根据“Even though people in the third group slept as much as they could on the weekend, it was not enough,”可知，此处介绍第三组人的情况。故选C。
50． 根据“When they went back to the short sleep schedule the next week, their body failed to control blood sugar.”可知，当他们在接下来的一周重新回到短睡眠时间时，他们的身体无法控制血糖。这是因为他们的生物钟已经改变了。故选A。
51． 根据“Getting enough sleep is as important as having good caring habits or doing exercise regularly.”可知，此处表示要有足够的睡眠，睡得时间更长些。故选D。
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