专题01 语法选择-冲刺2022年中考英语重难题型考前突破（广东专用）

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冲刺2022年中考英语必考题型考前热点押题（广东专用）-语法选择
【解析版】
语法选择题型为2020年广东省卷中考新增题型, 本题共10小题, 选项设置为4选1。主要考查学生在实际语言中运用语法知识的能力。其中, 语法选择题主要考查考生对《课程标准》所要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较简单的英语表达方式的掌握情况。着重在语篇层面考查学生的语法分析能力, 强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确使用。具有如下几个特点：
(1)本题共10小题, 每小题1分。在一篇留有10个空白的短文中, 要求考生按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯性选择正确答案。
(2)针对初中学生的认知水平, 每小题提供了四个选择项帮助考生解题, 选用材料般为200个词左右, 多为叙述文体。
(3)考核重点是初中学生应该掌握的、基础的、核心的语法知识。
(4)该题型是在篇章理解的基础上进行语法选择, 而完形填空主要是意义选择。
该题型不是离开语境孤立地考查单纯的语法知识, 不是考查语言知识的机械记忆与简单再现, 除了考查语言的形式外, 还强调语言的意义, 更强调语言知识在真实交际情境中的运用。即把语言的形式、意义和用法有机地结合起来, 在语境中了解和掌握语法的表意功能。
考题分析
年份
话题
体裁考点
词数
段落
考查点
2021
事物介绍：主要介绍了世界上最长的人行吊桥被建立的时间和长度, 以及被建立的过程。
说明文
199
4段
形容词的比较等级、宾语从句的语序+时态、代词、介词、冠词、名词的数及名词所有格、动词的时态、非谓语动词、动词的语态、同根词辨析
2020
学生学习与生活：讲述了老师让学生们做一个对自己有意义的风筝, 朱迪在爸爸的帮助下, 成功制作了一个蝴蝶形状的风筝, 这个风筝对朱迪来说象征着美丽和自由。
记叙文
225
8段
介词、动词的语态、非谓语动词、形容词的比较等级、代词、动词的时态、并列连词、冠词、感叹句、宾语从句引导词

解题技巧
一、跳读全文, 掌握主旨大意
语法选择题与单项选择题的最大不同就在于前者是在篇章的层面而不只是在句子的层面考查学生的语法运用能力, 考生在做题时, 可以用一种“自上而下”的思路去思考。即可以从“篇章、句子、词汇”三个层面去考虑。因此, 考生首先应该把语法选择题当成一个快读抓大意的阅读理解题来处理, 即在有限的时间内快速通读全文, 弄清事件发生的时间、地点、交际人的身份、交际的目的等, 准确地掌握文章大意。只有理顺文章的来龙去脉, 把握文章的内在逻辑关系, 掌握了文章大意, 才能在解题时, 保证在人称、时态、数等方面的前后一致和文章意义的连贯。
二、准确到句, 意义语法并重
然而, 语法选择的10个小题又都是存在于句子之中, 其中相当多的考题的选择与考题所在句子的理解的相关度非常大。因此, 考生对空格所在句子的理解就不能只懂得一个大致的意思, 必须在精确理解该句的意义之后, 再进行句子结构分析, 运用词法、句法语法知识去找到正确答案。
三、找准考点, 精心筛选选项
在把握了文章大意和有关句子的意思之后, 考生就应仔细、冷静地对考题加以分析, 弄清楚这个考题在考查我们哪个方面的语法知识, 我们需要运用哪些语法知识去解题。只有弄清了考点, 才能避免盲目乱猜。这样, 既增加了做题的准确性, 又节约了时间。例如：如果考题是一个动词, 我们就应该按照该句的意思, 依据人称、时态、数等前后一致的原则, 考虑应该是主动语态, 还是被动语态；是表示动作正在进行、将要进行还是已经完成；应该选择什么样的动词形式；等等。另外, 做题时一定要把A、B、C、D四个选项全部看完, 认真比较, 排除干扰, 逐项筛选。切忌只看一两个选项, 连四个选项还没有全部过一遍就匆忙决定答案。
四、重读全文, 核实答案

Exercise 1
How do astronauts live and work on a space station? You can get the answer from the Tiangong Class, a series of lectures from China's space station. In the Tiangong Class, 1 astronauts will become the “teachers in space”. Months ago, three Shenzhou-13 astronauts,Wang Yaping, Ye Guangfu and Zhai Zhigang, 2 their first class. 3 of young students took the class.
With the help of the 4 two astronauts, Wang first gave the students a tour around. She showed students 5 to live and work on the space station. After the tour, the astronauts did some interesting experiments. In one experiment, Wang made a small water film and put a pink folded paper flower on it. Soon the flower blossomed (开花). “I made the flower with my daughter while on earth and I always think of her 6 I see the flower,” said Wang. “Students, 7 of you are flowers of the motherland. I hope your dreams can blossom like flowers.”
During the class, the students learned how different space is 8 the earth. Many students showed great 9 in space and science. Wang Yihan, a fifth-grade student, said, “It was 10 eye-opening experience. The experiments really surprised me. They were wonderful! I want to be an astronaut too!”
( ) 1. A. Chinese B. China's C. China D. Chinese's
( ) 2. A. will give B. gives C. gave D. was giving
( ) 3. A. Ten thousand B. Ten thousands C. Thousand D. Thousands
( ) 4. A. others B. other C. another D. else
( ) 5. A. what B. how C. why D. where
( ) 6. A. till B. until C. when D. while
( ) 7. A. some B. many C. all D. none
( ) 8. A. from B. on C. in D. above
( ) 9. A. interesting B. interested C. interests D. interest
( ) 10. A. an B. a C. the D. /
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了神州十三号的宇航员通过“天宫课堂”给学生们展示宇航员在空间站上的生活和工作。
【答案速览】1-5 ACDBB 6-10 CCADA
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词。Chinese为形容词, 表示属性；而China's为名词所有格, 强调所属关系。此处指的是中国宇航员, 属于描述属性, 而非强调所属关系。故选A。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“Months ago”, 可判断用一般过去时。故选C。
3.【答案】D
【解析】考查数词。hundreds of意为“成千上万的；数以千计的”。故选D。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查限定词。根据上文可知,一共有三个宇航员, 所以此处指的是除了王亚平之外的其他两个宇航员, 且空后为复数名词“two astronauts”, 故排除A（others后不加名词）、C（another加名词单数）、D（else作为“其他的”释义, 通常用在疑问副词、疑问代词、不定代词后）, 选B。
5.【答案】B
【解析】考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。根据上下文可知, 此处是说, 她（王亚平）向学生们展示了如何在空间站生活和工作。故用how。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：当我看到这朵花时, 我总是想起她。till意为“直到”；until意为“直到”, when表示“当......时”, while表示“当......时”, 但其后一般接延续性动词, 且时态为进行时。故排除A、B、D, 选C。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意：同学们, 你们都是祖国的花朵。根据常识可知, 学生都是祖国未来发展的新生力量, 是祖国的花朵, 故选C。
8.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：在课堂上, 学生们了解到太空与地球有多么不同。be different from意为“与......不同”, 故选A。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意：许多学生对太空和科学表现出极大的兴趣。show interest in...意为“对......感兴趣”, interest意为“兴趣”, 是不可数名词, 故选D。
10.【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：这是一次大开眼界的经历。表泛指, 且eye-opening的读音以元音音素开头, 故用不定冠词an。

Exercise 2
Eileen Gu - also known by her Chinese name, Gu Ailing - was born in 2003 in San Francisco. Her father is American and her mother is Chinese.
Eileen started skiing when she was only 1 and soon showed her talent. By the age of nine, she became champion of the junior group of the USA Snowboard and Freeski Association. She has been competing in adult competitions 2 she was 13. In January 2019, Eileen 3 her first career World Cup gold medal at the 2018/2019 FIS World Cup Women's Slopestyle Skills at SeiserAlm, Italy, while she was only 15 years old then. For years, Eileen has been working hard for her dreams.
Calling 4 "Beijing girl", she chose to become a Chinese citizen in 2019. She was extremely 5 to represent China. "The Winter Olympics is of great 6 to China. I feel super lucky to be able to go on such a stage and have the opportunity to encourage girls and teenagers 7 in skiing." To better prepare for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Eileen set herself 8 goal of graduating after completing two years of high school in just one year. On October 19, 2020, she was admitted to Stanford University in advance with a perfect SAT score.
The secret 9 her success was hard work and confidence. When she 10 what beauty is, her answered was that beauty is self-confidence. It is to master the skills of life by one's own strength, to choose a path to reach beauty with joy, and to be happy in the love of working hard for it.
( ) 1. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. three year old D. three years old
( ) 2. A. as B. for C. since D. when
( ) 3. A. wins B. would win C. won D. has won
( ) 4. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
( ) 5. A. excite B. excited C. exciting D. excitedly
( ) 6. A. important B. importance C. importantly D. unimportant
( ) 7. A. to take part B. taking part C. taken part D. take part
( ) 8. A. A. an B. a C. the D. /
( ) 9. A. to B. for C. in D. on
( ) 10. A. asks B. asked C. is asked D. was asked
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了冬奥会滑雪冠军谷爱凌的成长故事，以及她对事物的看法。
【答案速览】1-5 DCCDB 6-10 BACAD
1.【答案】D
【解析】考查数词。此处three years old作表语。故选D。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。根据“has been competing”以及“she was 13”, 可判断此处用since。故选C。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据“In January 2019”可判断时态为一般过去时。故选C。
4.【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意：自称为 "北京女孩"，在2019年，她选择成为了中国公民。call oneself意为“call oneself”选D。
5.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词。句意：她对于能代表中国参赛感到非常兴奋。以-ed结尾的形容词用于说明人情感和感觉，以-ing结尾的形容词用于说明事物的性质或特征。故选B。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查名词。be of great importance意为“非常重要；具有重大意义”。故选B。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事” 故选A。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词。此处特指谷爱凌给自己定下的“用一年的时间完成（剩下的）两年高中课程”的目标。故选C。
9.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。the secret to...意为“......的秘诀/秘密” 故选A。
10.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当（谷爱凌）被问到美是什么时......。根据上下文可判断时态为一般过去时，且谷爱凌是被提问的，要用被动语态。故选D。

Exercise 3
Wu Yuren, a 72-year-old retired professor of physics from Tongji University, has caught much attention on Douyin for her efforts to the popularization (普及) of science. 
Wu has already been engaged (参加) in science popularization 1 16 years. However, science popularization is never an easy task. Translating difficult physics principles into easy-to-understand language requires both a deep knowledge of physics and a strong ability to express and show the principles with experiments. And it is even 2 difficult to teach science to children. 
To help solve these problems, Wu and her team turned to short-form videos three years ago. In the videos, Wu shows people interesting physics experiments. To her 3 , her videos are popular with people of all ages. So far, Wu's popular science videos 4 over 1 million fans on the Internet. 
In her videos, Wu often wears a multifunctional (多功能的) vest, which has many pockets all over. Like Doraemon's pocket, her pockets are 5 magical “toys”, such as water bottles, coins and glasses, which 6 as teaching tools. She is always able 7 use of these everyday objects to explain complex phenomena found in 8 field of physics. 
“Physics is very interesting. I hope to tell teachers and kids 9 to teach or learn physics,” she said. 10 more and more people can realize the beauty of physics and enjoy endless fun in the world of science, she feels that all of her efforts are worthwhile.
( ) 1. A. since B. for C. in D. after
( ) 2. A. more B. less C. most D. the most
( ) 3. A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprises
( ) 4. A. attracted B. attracts C. have attracted D. had attracted
( ) 5. A. full of B. full with C. filled of D. fill with
( ) 6. A. used B. are used C. are using D. were used
( ) 7. A. make B. made C. to make D. making
( ) 8. A. / B. a C. an D. the
( ) 9. A. how B. what C. why D. when
( ) 10. A. As soon as B. As long as C. Although D. Unless
【短文大意】本文主要讲述了同济大学72岁退休教授吴於人在网络上硬核科普物理走红网络的故事。在她的演示下, 一个个晦涩难懂的物理知识变得简洁生动且有趣。
【答案速览】1-5 BACCA 6-10 BCDAB
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。根据“has already been engaged”可判断此句的时态为现在完成时, “for+一段时间”表示“已做某事（多长时间）”, 故选B。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据文意可知此处是说, 教孩子科学就更难了。even后跟形容词或副词的比较级, 故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查名词。to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊讶的是”。故选C。
4.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据“So far”以及上文可判断时态为现在完成时。句意：她的视频很受各个年龄层的人的欢迎。到目前为止, 她的科普视频已经在网上吸引了100多万粉丝。故选C。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配或形容词短语。be full of意为“充满…(的)”。故选A。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。结合上下文可知, “water bottles, coins and glasses”都是被用来做教具的, 因此, 此处应用被动语态。再结合语境可知, 应该用一般现在时。选B。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be able to do sth.意为“能够做某事”, 符合语境。故选C。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：她总是能够利用这些日常用品来解释物理领域中的复杂现象。特指物理领域, 应用定冠词the, 故选D。
9.【答案】A
【解析】考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。句意：我希望告诉老师和孩子们如何教或学习物理。故选A。
10.【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。句意：只要越来越多的人能够认识到物理学的魅力, 在科学的世界里享受无尽的乐趣, 她就觉得自己所有的努力是值得的。故用B。

Exercise 4
Have you ever tried to pick out the face of a friend in a group photo? Sometimes it is hard, 1 when everyone crowds together. It can also be hard to read a passage when the letters are too close together. In fact, a new study shows that spacing the letters farther apart can help a person read faster and gain a better understanding of a text.
A group of scientists at Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, England, wanted to see 2 help an increase in the spacing between letters 3 provide. They chose 59 students between 11 and 15 years old. The kids came from schools in three cities in England. 32 of them had dyslexia (读写困难); 27 4 not. A crowded text was especially difficult for people with dyslexia to read. Each student 5 to read two passages out loud and the scientists recorded them. One passage was in its original (最初的) format (版式). In the other, there was an increase of 0.03 inches in the spacing between the letters.
The scientists found kids with dyslexia read the wider-spaced text 13% faster than the text with original spacing. These kids also made 6 mistakes. Students without dyslexia read faster, too, 7 only by 5%.
This is very 8 good news, right? It means teachers and publishers can print materials with wider spacing between letters 9 it will help everyone. It’s a simple fix (解决方案), too. Certain text-writing software can easily add wider spacing between letters. Web designers can easily add space 10 the text on their pages, too.
The scientists believe that wider spacing between letters will catch on.
( ) 1. A. specially B. special C. especially D. especial
( ) 2. A. how many B. how much C. how fast D. how quickly
( ) 3. A. should B. need C. would D. must
( ) 4. A. did B. does C. were doing D. had done
( ) 5. A. was asked B. was asking C. asked D. asks
( ) 6. A. few B. fewer C. little D. less
( ) 7. A. however B. and C. if D. although
( ) 8. A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 9. A. to know B. knowing C. known D. know
( ) 10. A. to B. with C. into D. in
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了英国剑桥安格利亚鲁斯金大学的科学家的一项研究, 关于增加字母之间的间距会对帮助人们阅读速度和理解方面有多大的帮助。
【答案速览】1-5 CBCAA 6-10 BDDBA
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查副词。句意：有时候很难, 尤其是当所有人都挤在一起的时候。故选C。
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：英国剑桥安格利亚鲁斯金大学的一组科学家想知道字母间距的增加会带来多大的帮助。help在此处为不可数名词, 故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。根据上下文可知, 此处应该用过去将来时。故选C。
4.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据“32 of them had dyslexia”可判断, 时态为一般过去时。故选A。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知, （科学家）要求参加实验的孩子大声朗读两篇文章。此处孩子做主语, 故用被动语态。根据语境, 可判断用一般过去时, 故选A。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：科学家发现患有阅读障碍的孩子阅读宽间距文本的速度比原始间距文本快13%。这些孩子犯的错误也更少。mistakes是名词复数, 故选B。
7.【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。句意：没有阅读障碍的学生阅读速度也更快, 尽管只有5%。故选D。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。news为不可数名词, 故选D。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着教师和出版商可以用更宽的字母间距印刷材料, 因为他们知道这将有助于每个人。故选B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词或固定搭配。add...to...意为“把......加到......上”。故用A。

Exercise 5
Don't shake hands! Don't hug anyone! In order 1 the spread of COVID-19, we're advised to avoid physical contact (接触) as much as possible.Some of us have been 2 to more creative ways of greeting one another, such as a friendly wave from two meters away. We are not sure 3 this pandemic (流行病) will end. But 4 more people get vaccines (疫苗), we may soon be able to get back to hugging, shaking hands and kissing cheeks. But...should we?
We 5 by so many people from a young age that it is impolite not to shake hands when we meet people. But Ashley Peterson, a doctor in the United States, thinks we should be more careful about how we greet people. Not 6 likes to be hugged.
Peterson says now is the perfect time 7 parents to guide their kids in making decisions about how to greet people. 8 idea is not to cancel hugs and handshakes. If your kids want to hug others, they should. If they 9 uncomfortable about hugging, they can use other ways to greet people.
Anthony Fauci, a health educator, holds a 10 opinion than Peterson. He thinks we should never shake hands again. "We've got to break that custom," he says. "That is really one of the major (主要的) ways to pass on an illness."
( ) 1. A. slow B. slowing C. to slow D. slowed
( ) 2. A. used B.use C. useful D.using
( ) 3. A. why B. when C. where D. what
( ) 4. A. so B.unless C. before D.as
( ) 5. A. tell B. are told C. will tell D. will be told
( ) 6. A. one B. none C. everyone D.someone
( ) 7. A. for B. from C.with D.about
( ) 8. A. A B.An C. The D./
( ) 9. A. feels B. feel C. felt D. will feel
( ) 10. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D.strongly
【短文大意】由于新冠肺炎疫情, 人们的问候方式发生了变。随着更多的人接种疫苗, 我们或许很快就能像过去那样问彼此。但我们应该那样做吗?
【答案速览】1-5 CABDB 6-10 CACBB
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth.意为“为了做某事”, 为固定用法, 故用to slow。
2.【答案】A
【解析】此处是说, 我们中的一些人已经习惯了更有创意的互相问候的方式。be used to (doing) sth.意为“习惯于（做）某事”, 为固定用法, 故used符合文意。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。根据语境可知此处是说, 我们不确定这种流行病将在何时结束。故when符合文意。
4.【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。此处是说, 随着更多的人接种疫苗, 我们可能很快就能回到拥抱、握手和亲吻脸颊这些问候方式上。故as“随着”符合文意。
5.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。此处是说, 我们从小被很多人告知见到他人时不握手是不礼貌的。结合空后的by可知, 此处应用被动语态；又根据语境可知, 此处应用一般现在时。故选B。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。此处是说, 并非所有人都喜欢被拥抱, 故 everyone 符合文意。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。对父母来说, 现在是引导孩子们决定如何问候别人的最佳时间。故用for。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的想法, 故用定冠词The。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是说, 他们如果对拥抱感到不自在, 可以用其他方式问候别人。根据语境可知, 此处应用一般现在时；又因主语they是第三人称复数形式, 故谓语应用复数形式。故选B。
10.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知, 此处应用形容词修饰名词opinion。根据空后的than可知, 此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故选B。

Exercise 6
Cooking has reached new heights. Recently, spacemen on the International Space Station 1 the first space-baked cookies. They said the chocolate cookies looked out of this world. The cookies are the very first kind of food to be baked 2 space from raw (生的) ingredients. Usually, space food is prepared on Earth and then heated 3 eaten cold on the space station. Eating food right out of the oven (烤箱) makes spacemen happy. It makes them think of home. This will make a difference if they 4 to the moon.
Baking the cookies was not as simple as the spacemen thought 5 would be. It usually takes the bakers about 20 minutes 6 cookies in an oven heated to 150 degrees. That was not long enough on the space station. The first cookie came out undercooked. It was more raw dough (面团) than a cookie. The space bakers turned up the oven's temperature and baked the dough for 7 . They spent 130 minutes on 8 cookie, which was 9 baked.
The big question now is-how do they taste? No one knows yet. The space-baked cookies are in a lab on Earth. Scientists will test them to see 10 they are safe to eat.
( ) 1. A. get B.are getting C. have gotten D.were getting
( ) 2. A. on B.in C.above D. between
( ) 3. A. and B. but C.or D.so
( ) 4. A. go B.went C. goes D.will go
( ) 5. A. it B. its C. them D.they
( ) 6. A. bake B. baking C. baked D. to bake
( ) 7. A. long B. longer C. the longer D. the longest
( ) 8. A. five B. the five C. fifth D. the fifth
( ) 9. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully
( ) 10.A.if B. how C. when D. where
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了在太空烘焙的第一块曲奇饼。
【答案速览】1-5 CBCAA 6-10 DBDDA
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“Recently”可知此处用现在完成时, 故选C。
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。in space”在太空中”, 符合文意, 故选B。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。此处是说, 要么加热, 要么冷着吃, 故用or表示选择。
4.【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。在含if引导的条件状语从句的复合句中, 当主句用一般将来时, 从句要用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。此处应用代词it指代上文中提到的"Baking the cookies"这件事。故选A。
6.【答案】D
【解析】考查固定结构。it takes sb.some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”为固定用法, 故选D。
7.【答案】B
【解析】考查副词的比较级。根据上文的描述及空后的"They spent 130 minutes"可知此处应用longer。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查数词。空后的cookie是单数形式, 由此可排除A、B两项；序数词前应用定冠词the,故选D。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词, 故选D。
10.【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。此处是说, 科学家们将对它们进行测试, 看看它们“是否”可以安全食用, 故用if“是否”。

Exercise 7
Molly and her dad were driving to the park to play with her friends. Molly looked out the window as she rode in 1 car. There was litter beside the road, and the air didn't look clear. It 2 Molly unhappy.
"Our planet is in trouble. Look how people threw litter out of their cars!" Molly told her dad. "Our planet also has other problems," said her dad. "People cut down trees. There's 3 place for some animals to live than before and the forests are slowly going away."
It made her sad to think that she might not see 4 some day. So, she asked her father if there 5 anything meaningful that people could do to help Earth. Her dad said a lot of things 6 in daily life come from nature. And 7 keeping these things safe, humans can protect the Earth well. "Oh, I know 8 I can do. I can save water. I can turn off the water 9 I'm brushing my teeth," Molly thought to herself.
When Molly got to the park, she saw some litter on the ground. She got some gloves from their car 10 that litter. Since there was still a little time before Molly met her friends, Mr. Larsen volunteered to join his daughter in the clean-up.
( ) 1. A. a B. an C.the D./
( ) 2. A. makes B. has made C. made D. will make
( ) 3. A. little B. less C. least D. the least
( ) 4. A. they B.them C. their D. theirs
( ) 5. A. is B. are C. was D. were
( ) 6. A. need B. needed C. was needed D. are needed
( ) 7. A. by B.for C.to D.from
( ) 8. A. why B. when C.that D. what
( ) 9. A. after B. before C. till D. while
( ) 10. A. pick up B.picked up C. picking up D. to pick up
【短文大意】本文通过Molly和她爸爸的故事，提倡保护环境，人人有责。
【答案速览】1-5 CCBBC 6-10 BADDD
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词。根据上文“Molly and her dad were driving”可知，这里特指他们的小汽车, 故选C。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。结合语境，可判断时态为一般过去时 故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据“than before”可判断此处用比较级。故选B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。结合语境，可判断动词后面接宾格。故选B。
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查There be句型。根据语境可判断时态为一般过去时。主语为不定代词anything，故用was。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词或时态和语态。句意：她爸爸说，人们日常生活中需要的很多东西都来自大自然。此处过去分词needed作为“a lot of things”的后置定语，也可以理解为这定语从句省略了“which are”，即“Her dad said a lot of things (which are) needed in daily life come from nature”。故选B。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。句意：通过保护这些东西的安全，人类可以很好地保护地球。“by+v-ing”表示“通过做某事”。故选A。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我知道我能做什么了。从句中的谓语do缺少宾语，故选D。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查连词。句意：我可以在刷牙的时候关掉水龙头。while意为“当......的时候”。故选D。
10.【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：她从他们车里拿了手套去捡垃圾。不定式to do表目的。故选D。

Exercise 8
Do you have any online classes? It's possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and 1 headset (耳机). Many students say 2 is hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This is true for Lian Ruohan, 15, at the Affiliated (附属的) High School of Peking University. “There 3 no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to.It's much 4 to always stay focused,” she said. Lian prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will pay attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with questions while taking online classes. And many questions 5 by them. But Wen Jiayi 6 is from Yucai Middle School Attached to Chengdu No.7 High School, thinks online interaction (互动) isn't enough. “The online teachers don't really have time 7 about me. When I don't hand in my homework, my teachers hardly ask 8 in my study,” she said. However, online classes still have other advantages. “It saves time and money compared 9 taking offline classes. It also provides a new way of learning. Also, 10 I don't understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Lian said.
( ) 1.A.an B.the C.a D./
( ) 2.A.it B.its C.itself D.it's
( ) 3.A.is B.are C.was D.am
( ) 4.A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.the hardest
( ) 5.A.can answer B.could answer C.could be answered D.can be answered
( ) 6.A.which B.where C.who D.whom
( ) 7.A.know B.to know C.knowing D.knows
( ) 8.A.how do I have problems B.how I have problems
C.whether do I have problems D.whether I have problems
( ) 9.A.on B.with C.from D.by
( ) 10.A.if B.and C.but D.so
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同人对于网络授课的不同观点。
【答案速览】1-5 CABBD 6-10 CBDBA
1.【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词辨析。根据语境可知, 在家上网课, 你只需要一台电脑和一副耳机。此处泛指“一副耳机”；且headset是读音以辅音音素开头的单词, 应用不定冠词a修饰。故选C。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查it的用法。根据语境可知, 许多学生表示, 上网课时很难集中注意力。分析句子结构可知, 此处使用“It is+adj.+to do sth.”句型, 意为“做某事很………”, 其中it为形式主语, 真正的主语是动词不定式。故选A。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：没有同学和老师看着我。根据文章语境可知, 时态应用一般现在时；且分析句子结构可知, 此处为there be句型, 谓语动词遵循“就近原则”, “classmates”为名词复数, 谓语动词也应用其复数形式。故选B。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。根据上文中的“much”及语境可知, 此处应用形容词的比较级形式。
harder意为“更困难的”, 符合语境。故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知, 此处指在网络课堂上提出的问题都能被他们回答。根据上文中的“can”可知, 此处时态应用一般现在时；且questions与answer构成被动关系, 应用被动语态。故选D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是Wen Jiayi, 指人, 关系词在从句中作主语, 应用who引导该从句。故选C。
7.【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知, 此处指Wen Jiayi认为线上的老师并没有时间去真正地了解她。have time to do sth.为固定搭配, 意为“有时间做某事”, 动词不定式在此处作后置定语。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。根据语境可知, 此处指Wen Jiayi认为当她没交作业时, 老师几乎不会问她在学习上是否有问题。宾语从句应用陈述句语序；且此处询问是否在学习上有问题, 应用whether, 意为
“是否”, 符合语境。故选D。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词辨析。根据语境可知, 此处指与参加线下课相比, 它（网课）省时省钱。compare with为固定搭配, 意为“与......相比”。故选B。
10.【答案】A
【解析】考查连词辨析。根据语境可知, Lian认为如果课程的某些部分没有明白, 她还可以再看一遍。if引导条件状语从句, 意为“如果”, 符合语境。故选A。

Exercise 9
Students at the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands have built a mobile home that runs on solar power. Fully charged (充电), it can travel 600 kilometers — and 1 a sunny day, it can travel up to 730 kilometers.
The 22 students 2 made the Stella Vita are members of Solar Team Eindhoven — a group that believes that the future of sustainable (可持续的) transport is solar-powered.
Solar Team Eindhoven describes the Stella Vita as a “self-sustaining house on wheels”. The mobile home makes its own power for driving, 3 also for taking showers, watching television, making coffee, charging computers and phones,etc.
When the Stella Vita isn’t 4 , its roof can be raised to give people inside more space, while more solar panels can also be pulled out. This doubles the size of the solar panels to 17.5 square meters. With a 5 size of solar panels, it only takes about two or three days 6 the mobile home to100%.
Inside the Stella Vita is a seating area with a table and a small kitchen space. The mobile home also has a double bed, a toilet and a shower.
Last September, Solar Team Eindhoven started 7 3,000-kilometer trip through Europe with the Stella Vita. Some problems with the mobile home meant that for some parts of the trip 8 needed to be moved on a trailer (拖车). 9 , the team fixed the problems and 10 able to drive it for large parts of the trip.
( ) 1.A.in B.on C.at D.for
( ) 2.A.who B.whom C.whose D.what
( ) 3.A.or B.so C.but D.yet
( ) 4.A.driving B.driver C.being driven D.being driving
( ) 5.A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest
( ) 6.A.charge B.charging C.charged D.to charge
( ) 7.A. a B.an C.the D./
( ) 8.A. it B. its C.they D.them
( ) 9.A.If B.But C.However D.Although
( ) 10.A.is B.are C.was D.were
【文章大意】本文介绍了荷兰埃因霍温科技大学的学生们建造的一个使用太阳能的移动房屋。
【答案速览】1-5 BACCB 6-10 DAACC
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。根据“a sunny day”可知，此处用on。故选B。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。主句的先行词是the 22 students，且从句缺少主语。故选A。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。此处考查的是“not only...but also...”的句式，故选C。
4.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当Stella Vita（移动房屋）不被驾驶时，它的屋顶可以升起来，给车内的人更多的空间。因此此处用被动语态，谓语动词为isn’t，因此be动词要用进行时。故选C。
5.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据上文“This doubles the size of the solar panels to 17.5 square meters.”可知，此处屋顶升起来后，太阳能电池板的面积变大了。故选B。
6.【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句型“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”可知，此处应填不定式。故选D。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：去年9月，埃因霍温太阳能队驾驶Stella Vita开始了3000公里的欧洲之旅。three的读音以元音音素开头，故选A。
8.【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。句意：移动式房屋的一些问题意味着，在旅行的某些部分，它需要用拖车来移动。根据“needed to be moved on a trailer”可知，这里是移动房屋要用拖车来移动。故选A。
9.【答案】C
【解析】考查副词。根据语境可知, 此处表转折。but后要接句子，没有逗号。故选C。
10.【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。根据“fixed the problems”可知此句时态为一般过去时，且主语是the team，故选C。

Exercise 10
Mount Huang, also known as Yellow Mountain, Huangshan Mountain or Mt. Huangshan, is located in the south of Anhui Province. It is undoubtedly one of 1 mountains among tourists both at home and abroad. It 2 Yi Mountain in the beginning. People believed that Huangdi, a hero, 3 to it to make the elixir of life (长生不老药). So in honor of him, Yi Mountain was renamed Mount Huang.
Mount Huang covers 4 area of 1, 200 square kilometers. It has 72 famous peaks (山峰). Its three major peaks are the Lotus Peak, the Celestial Capital Peak and the Bright Top.
Mount Huang is beautiful all year round. It includes almost all the finest features (特点) of the other famous mountains in China such as the majesty (雄伟壮观) of Mount Tai, the precipitous (险峻的) shape of Mount Hua and the flying waterfalls of Mount Lu. It is best known 5 the five wonders-strangely-shaped pines, fantastic-looking rocks, a sea of clouds, hot springs and winter snow (奇松、怪石、云海、温泉和冬雪). Its 6 drew many great people in history, 7 poets, writers, and painters, to travel there. Xu Xiake, a well-known geographer in the Ming Dynasty, was one of 8 . He praised Mount Huang using the following words: "After climbing Mount Huang, you will find a trip to 9 mountain is not worthwhile."
Mount Huang will never disappoint any of its guests. 10 you get a chance to visit it, do go!
( ) 1.A.popular B.more popular C.most popular D.the most popular
( ) 2.A.calls B.called C.is called D.was called
( ) 3.A.would come B.has come C.had come D.was coming
( ) 4.A.a B.an C.the D./
( ) 5.A.for B.as C.to D.by
( ) 6.A.beauty B.beauties C.beautiful D.beautifully
( ) 7.A.include B.includes C.including D.included
( ) 8.A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
( ) 9.A.the other B.any other C.other D.others
( ) 10.A.Unless B.So C.If D.As
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄山名字的由来及其壮丽的景色。
【答案速览】1-5 DDCBA 6-10 ACBBC
1.【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词最高级。考查“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数”的用法。最高级前面要加the。故选D。
2.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：一开始它被称为黟山。根据“in the beginning”可判断此处用一般过去时。主语是it，故用被动语态。故选D。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：人们相信，黄帝是一位英雄，来到这里制造长生不老药。根据“People believed”可判断此处用过去完成时。故选C。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查冠词。句意：黄山占地面积1200平方公里。area的读音以元音音素开头，故选B。
5.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。be known for意为“因......而闻名”；be known as意为“作为.......（身份/职业）而闻名”；be known to意为“为......所熟知”。黄山是因其奇景而闻名于世。故选A。
6.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。句意：它的美丽吸引了历史上许多伟大的人。名词做主语，故选A。
7.【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词或介词。现在分词including对前面的great people进行补充说明。故选C。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。考查“one of+名词复数/代词”的结构，此处的意思是，明代著名地理学家徐霞客就是游客的其中之一。故选B。
9.【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词或限定词。句意：爬过黄山之后，你会发现再去别的山都不值得。即：五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳。此处mountain为单数名词，故选B。
10.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：如果你有机会去游览，一定要去！故选C。

Exercise 11
Elle Luna is a designer, painter, and writer. She used 1 as a fantastic designer on apps, such as Uber. However, she quit her job 2 her 30s and started the 100-Day Project.
It was Michael Bierut 3 first used the 100-Day Project at the Yale School of Art: each student chose something to do every day for 100 days. For example, one student made a poster in under a minute every day for 100 days; another danced every day and made a video.
In 2014, Luna and her group started the 100-Day Project online. Everyone can take part in it. It's simple — choose a creative project, do it every day for 100 days, and share your process online. For the 100-Day Project, it's not just about what you have finished — it's 4 about the process.
A hundred days! Even Luna 5 was questioning 6 she decided to jump in, “Can I finish it? Will I push through when I'm busy? Will I share even when I can't do it well? Will I show up every day?” Luna 7 it anyway. In the first year, Luna herself finished 100 days of self-portraits. If you can dream it, you can do it. People of different ages joined in. Hillary Patrick, a want-to-be artist and mom of 8 , finished a project of embroidery while she had to look after two kids.
Are you hungry to start a creative project? Do you want to be 9 part of a group that celebrates “process”? Start thinking about your project, and invite friends to join, too. As there is a famous saying, “If you want to go fast, go 10 . If you want to go far, go together.”
( ) 1.A.working B.to work C.worked D.work
( ) 2.A.in B.at C.on D.by
( ) 3.A.who B.whom C.whose D.what
( ) 4.A.much B.more C.most D.the most
( ) 5.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
( ) 6.A.when B.while C.before D.after
( ) 7.A.does B. will do C.is doing D.did
( ) 8.A.second B.the second C.two D.the two
( ) 9.A.a B.an C.the D./
( ) 10.A.along B.loudly C.lonely D.alone
【文章大意】本文讲述了设计师、画家、作家Elle Luna参加一个“百日计划”的在线挑战项目，和众多参与者在线打卡使她坚持完成了任务。本文借助这个故事说明了一个道理：一人独行走得快，与人同行走得远。
【答案速览】1-5 BAABD 6-10 CDCAD
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她曾是优步(Uber)等应用程序的出色设计师。used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。故选B。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。in one’s thirties意为“在某人三十多岁时”。故选A。
3.【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。主句先行词为Michael Bierut，是一个人，且从句缺少主语。故选A。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查副词的比较级。句意：对于“百日计划”来说，重要的不仅仅是你完成了什么——更重要的是过程。此句有递进的关系，故比较级更符合语境。故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。反身代词起强调作用。故选D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。句意：甚至连卢娜自己在决定行动之前也在质疑。根据常识，在做一件事前，人们会对做这件事有疑问或进行思考，因此before更符合语境。故选C。
7.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知Elle已经完成了挑战，用一般过去时。故选D。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查数词。根据下文“while she had to look after two kids”可知Hillary Patrick是两个孩子的妈妈。故选C。
9.【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。a part of意为“......的一部分/一份子”。故选A。
10.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词。句意：一人独行走得快，与人同行走得远。go是动词，用副词修饰。故选D。

Exercise 12
Deep in the forest lives David, who loves books. As soon as he reads one book, he brings home 1 .
Soon the house 2 books. His wife, Alice, is angry. You must do something!"
David thinks hard and has an idea. "I can bring my books into the faraway hills and share 3 I have with the children."
Every week, David sets off across the countryside to faraway villages with his two donkeys. Early 4 a sunny morning, David and his donkeys stop at a river 5 . Then, from deep in the shadows, a bandit (贼) jumps out! " Please let us pass," David says." The children 6 ." The bandit takes one book and shouts," Next time I want 7 !"
They move on until at last, David sees some houses below. The children run to meet him. David reads them a story first. 8 the story ends, it's time for everyone to choose a book. The children hold their books close as they say good-bye and run home 9 . David and his donkeys head back, over and around the hills, and into the sunset.
At home, Alice feeds her hungry husband and the donkeys. But then, instead of 10 , David picks up his book, and reads deep into the night. And far away in the hills, candles and lanterns bum as the children read borrowed books deep into their night, too.
( ) 1.A. other B. another C. the other D. the others
( ) 2.A. fills with B. filled with C. is filled with D. was filled with
( ) 3.A. what B. who C. why D. how
( ) 4.A. in B. on C. at D. for
( ) 5.A. drink B. drinking C. drinks D. to drink
( ) 6.A. wait B. waited C. are waiting D. have waited
( ) 7.A. some money B. any money C. some moneys D. any moneys
( ) 8.A. Before B. When C. If D. Because
( ) 9.A. cheer B. cheerful C. cheerfully D. more cheerful
( ) 10.A. sleep B. slept C. sleeps D. sleeping
【文章大意】本文讲述了一个书迷大卫发生的有关读书故事。
【答案速览】1-5 BCABD 6-10 CABCD
1.【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：他每读完一本书，就把另一本书带回家。other意为“另外的”，后加名词复数；another意为“（三者或以上的）另一个”；the other意为“两者/部分中的另一个/部分”；the others意为“其余的全部”。故选B。
2.【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。in one’s thirties意为“在某人三十多岁时”。故选C。
3.【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：我可以把我的书带到遥远的山上，和孩子们分享我所拥有的东西。从句have缺少宾语，故选A。
4.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词。句意：在一个晴朗的早上。当在morning, afternoon, evening等前加上形容词，介词须用on。故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：大卫和他的驴子停在河边喝水。不定式to do表目的。故选D。
6.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：孩子们正在等我。根据语境可判断此处为现在进行时。故选C。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词。此句为肯定句，且money不可数。故选A。
8.【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。句意：当故事结束时，是时候让大家选择一本书了。故选B。
9.【答案】C
【解析】考查副词。句意：孩子们紧紧地抱着书，说再见，然后高高兴兴地跑回家了。副词修饰动词。故选C。
10.【答案】D
【解析】考查动名词。instead of doing sth.意为“代替做某事”。故选D。

Exercise 13
A boy looked after the oak buckets (橡木桶) in his father's small wine factory in the evening. He cleaned all the empty oak buckets carefully and made them stand in a line in the yard. The father was very pleased with 1 son.
But the next morning, the father 2 all the empty buckets were in a mess. They rolled (翻滚) everywhere in the yard because of the wind. He got a little angry. He had to clean them and put them in order with care 3 again. The boy sat by these buckets and thought it over. Then he had 4 idea. After cleaning them, he poured some clean water into each bucket.
He got up early in the morning to see 5 these buckets were. Excellent! All the oak buckets stood there in order in the yard. The boy was very glad. The father was satisfied 6 his son's work. From then on, the boy understood he should find good ideas to make these buckets 7 if he didn't want them to be blown down by the wind.
We can't stop the wind from 8 , but we can change the weight of the bucket to stop them from being blown down. Maybe we 9 change the world,but we can change ourselves. Maybe we can't change the length of life, 10 we can change the width and depth of it.
( ) 1. A. he B. him C. his D. himself

( ) 2.A.sees B.saw C.will see D. has seen
( ) 3.A.one B. once C.first D. the first
( ) 4.A.an B. a C. the D./
( ) 5. A. why B. how C. when D. what
( ) 6. A. at B.in C. with D. from
( ) 7. A. the heaviest B. heaviest C. heavily D. heavier
( ) 8. A. to blow B. blowing C. blow D.blown
( ) 9. A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
( ) 10.A.so B. and C. but D. until
【短文大意】本文通过讲述一个小男孩摆放橡木桶的故事告诉我们一个道理：我们或许不能改变世界，但是可以改变自己；我们不能改变生命的长度，但是可以改变生命的宽度和深度。
【答案速览】1-5 CBBAB 6-10 CDBAC
1.【答案】C
【解析】此处是说，父亲对他的儿子很满意，故用形容词性物主代词his。故选C。
2.【答案】B
【解析】根据下文中的were可知，此处用一般过去时。故选B。
3.【答案】B
【解析】 once again“再一次”，符合文意，故选B。
4.【答案】A
【解析】此处表泛指，且idea的读音以元音音素开头。故选A。
5.【答案】B
【解析】此处是说，他一大早就起床去看这些橡木桶怎么样了，故选B。
6.【答案】C
【解析】 be satisfied with sth.意为“对某事感到满意”，是固定搭配，故选C。
7.【答案】D
【解析】结合文意可知此处是说，这个男孩明白他应该想办法把这些桶变得更重一些，故选D。
8.【答案】B
【解析】stop...from doing sth.意为“阻止……做某事”,符合文意，故选B。
9.【答案】A
【解析】此处是说，我们或许不能改变世界，但能够改变自己，故选A。
10.【答案】C
【解析】结合空格前后的内容可知，此处表转折，故选C。

Exercise 14
A 90-year-old has been given the title “Woman of the Year”. She is Britain's 1 full-time worker-still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury 2 from 9 a.m.to 5 p.m.daily at the pet shop every day, which 3 by her husband several years ago. 4 years of hard work has finally been known after a customer nominated (提名) her to be "Woman of the Year".
Picking up her prize, proud Irene announced she had no plans 5 her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to, but because I want to." 6 she got a call saying she was short-listed (入围的), she thought it was a joke，but then she got 7 official letter. Her granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31, 8 works in her family business as well, said it remained unknown who nominated Irene.She simply knew it was a man. She wondered 9 at least tell them his name. They were so thankful 40 the warm-hearted man. Because of him, more people know Irene.
( ) 1.A. old B. older C. elder D. oldest
( ) 2.A. works B. is working C. work D. will work
( ) 3.A. was open B. was opened C. opened D. was opening
( ) 4.A. Her B. Hers C. She D. She's
( ) 5.A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. left
( ) 6.A. Until B. If C. Unless D. When
( ) 7.A.a B. an C. the D./
( ) 8.A. that B. whom C. which D. who
( ) 9.A. that could he B. if could he C. that he could D. if he could
( ) 10.A. for B. to C. with D. on
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位九十岁的英国老人坚持工作，最后被授予“年度女性”称号的故事。
【答案速览】1-5 DABAC 6-10 DBDDB
1.【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词的比较等级。根据上文中的“A 90-year-old has been given the title‘Woman of the Year'.”及下文语境可知，Irene Astbury是英国年龄最大的全职工作者。此处应用形容词最高级表示“年龄最大的”。故选D。
2.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的“Now”和“every day”可知，时态应用一般现在时；又因主语Irerie Astbury是第三人称单数，所以动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
3.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，which 指代先行词“the pet shop”，与动词open之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；又根据时间状语“several years ago”可知，时态应用一般过去时。故选B。
4.【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，此处表示Irene Astbury多年的努力终于被人们知晓。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词her修饰名词短语“years of hard work”。故选A。
5.【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have no plans to do sth.
是固定搭配，意为“没有做某事的计划”。故选C。
6.【答案】D
【解析】考查连词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，Irene接到通知她入围的电话时，她认为这是个玩笑。
when意为“当……的时候”，符合语境。故选D。
7.【答案】B
【解析】考查冠词辨析。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一封官方信件”，且official是读音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词an修饰。故选B。
8.【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Gayle Parks，先行词指人，且从句中缺主语，应用who引导该从句。
故选D。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格引导宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除A、B项；再根据语境可知，此处表示她想知道他是否能告诉她们他的名字，应用if引导，意为“是否”，符合语境。故选D。
10.【答案】B
【解析】考查介词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，她们非常感激那位热心人。be thankful to sb.是固定搭配，意为“感激某人”，符合语境。故选B。

Exercise 15
Do you often use plastic straws (塑料吸管)? They are really 1 big problem. They cannot be broken down easily, 2 they normally remain on the earth for over 100 years!
People often 3 plastic straws away after using them.And people don't usually recycle them because 4 are small.All gutters (排水沟) lead to rivers and oceans directly.Even 5 , plastic straws kill ocean life. 6 , more and more people around the world have realized this problem. They begin to think about 7 plastic straws are necessary or not when people drink drinks.
So what can we do right now to reduce plastic pollution? The simplest way is to say no to plastic straws. For example, next time when you go to a restaurant, make sure you order your drink 8 a straw. What if people need to use a straw? There are reusable straws instead. These straws can be used, cleaned and reused over and over again.
Starbucks and McDonald's have taken action 9 the use of plastic straws. It 10 that more businesses and customers will work together to protect our environment.
( ) 1.A.a B.an C.the D./
( ) 2.A.or B.so C.but D.for
( ) 3.A.will throw B.threw C.throw D.are throwing
( ) 4.A.they B.them C.their D.theirs
( ) 5.A.badly B.worse C.worst D.the worst
( ) 6.A.Lucky B.Luckily C.Luck D.Unluckily
( ) 7.A.whether B.why C.where D.what
( ) 8.A.through B.among C.without D.from
( ) 9.A.stopped B.stopping C.stop D.to stop
( ) 10.A.hopes B.is hoped C.hoped D.was hoped
【短文大意】本文介绍了塑料吸管对环境造成的危害，并呼吁更多的人行动起来，使用可重复使用的吸管，为保护环境贡献自己的力量。
【答案速览】1-5 ABCAB 6-10 BACDB
1.【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。此处泛指“一个严重的问题”，应用不定冠词；又因空后的big的读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查连词。设空前说，它们不容易被分解，设空后说，它们通常留在地球上一百多年。设空前后存在因果关系，故用so。
3.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。结合语境及句中的”often”可知，此处应用一般现在时。故选C。
4.【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。人们通常不会回收利用塑料吸管，因为它们很小。空处在原因状语从句中作主语，故用they。
35.【答案】B
【解析】考查副词比较级。此处是说，更糟糕的是，塑料吸管会杀死海洋生物。even worse"更糟糕的是”，故选B。
6.【答案】B
【解析】考查副词。此处是说，幸运的是，世界上越来越多的人已经意识到了这个问题。故Luckily符合文意。
7.【答案】A
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。结合上下文可知此处是说，他们开始思考人们喝饮料时是否有必要用塑料吸管。故whether"是否”符合文意。
8.【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。此处是说，下次你去餐厅时，确保点饮品时不要吸管。故without符合文意。
9.【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。take action to do sth.“采取行动做某事”。故选D。
10.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。此处是说，希望更多的企业和顾客一起努力来保护我们的环境。根据语境可知，此处应用一般现在时；It is hoped that..表示“希望厖”，符合语境。故选B。