2022年高考英语二轮复习专题二七选五题型针对练二__段首句类含解析

题型针对练(二)——段首句类

Test1

(2021·山东日照一模)

The carbon footprint shows how much carbon dioxide a person emits(排放) in everyday life. It measures the amount of fossil(化石) fuels and electricity someone uses as well as the number of products he or she buys. When we use our cars or heat our homes with carbon dioxide, various other gases are set free.　1　 

You can measure your carbon footprint by using a calculator that you can find on various websites.　2　 In America, for example, every citizen produces about 28 tons of carbon dioxide and other dangerous gases a year while in Great Britain the amount is about 10 tons. 

　3　The way we travel, for example, has a major effect on our environment. Use your bike or walk for short distances. Public transport is a way of getting to places without putting a burden on the environment.　4　 Many environmental experts, however, argue that it often saves energy to buy food that is produced naturally in faraway places in comparison with consuming food grown locally in greenhouses. In your home you can contribute to saving energy by turning off lights if you don’t need them or by avoiding the use of air conditioners. Recycling plastic glass and paper can also reduce your carbon footprint dramatically. 

　5　 Only if we concentrate on reducing carbon emission together can we make our environment better. 

A.Many people travel between cities and suburbs every day.

B.The carbon footprint is usually measured in tons of CO2 per year.

C.These emissions lead to a thicker atmosphere and global warming.

D.It is also vital to persuade others to take the same steps as you do.

E.There are many things you can do to reduce your carbon footprint.

F.The websites also provide carbon storage tools and methods for individuals.

G.Buying local food is another way of restricting emission into the atmosphere.

Test2

(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)

In today’s increasingly competitive society, people are loaded with a growing amount of stress. Stress can affect how you feel, think, and behave.　1　 It’s worth taking the time to learn different strategies for managing your stress. 

Identifythecause. If you are having problems with tense muscles, overtiredness, or headaches, it is quite possibly stress-related. Is it your job, relationship or something else? Problems can be divided into three categories: those with a practical solution, those that will get better with time and those outside your control.　2　 

Moveyourbody. Exercise won’t cure your stress, but it can help to clean your head. Try something new: yoga may be calming, but there’s nothing more thrilling than hitting a punchbag. Don’t worsen the stress by drinking and smoking.　3　 They will only make you feel physically and mentally worse. 

　4　 If you are the kind of person who is open to advice, you can talk to a friend about your stress. Friends can work as a support group, and they may provide you with solutions. Sometimes, you can’t see the easy way out of the situation when you are standing right in the middle of it. 

Makealist. Having too much to do may cause you to rush around because, if you are moving faster, it feels as if you are getting more done.　5　 Make a to-do list. Do the big and important things last, after you have achieved several of the small things. That way, you will approach the big things already feeling good. 

A.Talk it through.

B.Be a good listener.

C.These aren’t solutions.

D.It pays to try new things.

E.But this is a false impression.

F.It can also impact how your body functions.

G.Focus on the first kind and ignore the others.

Test3

(2021·山东淄博高三第三次模拟)

Howtostoplifegettingyoudown

We don’t like to talk about our struggles, choosing instead to put on a brave face.　1　 There are many possible means to prevent ourselves from being knocked down. 

Tryoutanewhobby. Hobbies not only fill time, but also help to give you a sense of purpose and something to be proud of. Try out a new sport, learn to dance or perhaps join a music club.　2　 

Askforhelp. If you’re struggling or feeling down, always remember that you don’t need to be on your own.　3　 You’ll also find that online conferences and social media sites can provide opportunities to connect and ask for help. 

　4　 A new view, focusing on tiny surprises in our life, can help you to feel more positive. Start to appreciate the beauty of a flower, a favourite piece of music or a simple sunny day. Go out for dinner and make efforts to truly enjoy the flavour of your meal or lie on your bed, surrounded by total silence, and simply focus on how it feels to breathe and to relax. 

Dothingsforothers.　5　 You’ll feel more positive knowing that you’re contributing to a better world, whether helping just one person or a larger group. Try doing a few random acts of kindness to brighten up your day; pay for someone’s dinner at a restaurant or send a nice letter to someone that you know or someone that’s made a difference to your life. 

A.Try to appreciate the little things.

B.They may do wonders for your mood.

C.Try not to worry about what people think of you.

D.Friends will be happy to help and provide support.

E.Do not be bothered by things affecting your mood.

F.Few things build self-confidence quite like doing a favour.

G.So, when things start to get you down how can you pick yourself back up?

Test4

(2021·河北唐山高三二模)

Have you ever been labelled a “perfectionist”? Or do you consider yourself to be one? It’s inviting to see perfectionism as a desirable or positive quality.　1　 

Healthy perfectionists want to develop their skills continually. Their standards are always rising, and they approach work with optimism, pleasure and a desire to improve. Unhealthy perfectionists, however, are never satisfied with what they achieve.　2　 They may experience fear of failure, anxiety and other painful emotions. 

　3　 According to research, perfectionism is linked to health issues such as eating disorders and depression. Perfectionism can also seriously impact your creativity. This is because perfectionism can prevent you from leaving your comfort zone and taking risks.　4　 You may avoid starting a new project until you’ve found the best way to approach it. You might also get caught up in minor details or repeat tasks that have already been completed. As a result, this wastes time that could have been spent on more important tasks. 

If you think that you have a problem with perfectionism, start by setting realistic goals. Think about your most important life and career goals.　5　 Not only will this make it easier to reach your objectives, but you’ll also experience the thrill of achieving these smaller goals. 

Theodore Roosevelt said, “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” Accept that this is the best you can do and don’t try and make up some perfect world.

A.If something isn’t perfect, they refuse it.

B.Perfectionism can lead to self-criticism, too.

C.Perfectionism can reduce your productivity, too.

D.Then, break them down into monthly or yearly steps.

E.In fact, severe perfectionism can do more harm than good.

F.They show that you’re not afraid to push yourself and try new things.

G.When perfectionism gets out of control, it can harm you in many aspects.

题型针对练(二)——段首句类

Test1

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了减少碳足迹的重要性, 并且提出了减少碳足迹的方法。

1.C　解析:空格前的 “Whenweuseourcarsorheatourhomeswithcarbondioxide,variousothergasesaresetfree.” 中的carbondioxide和variousothergases对应C项中的Theseemissions,C项承接上文, 说明这些释放的气体对环境的影响。故选C项。

2.B　解析:根据空格后的 “InAmerica,forexample,everycitizenproducesabout28tonsofcarbondioxideandotherdangerousgasesayearwhileinGreatBritaintheamountisabout10tons.” 可知, 这些例子说明了碳足迹通常以每年的二氧化碳吨数来衡量。故选B项。

3.E　解析:根据下文的 “Useyourbikeorwalkforshortdistances.Publictransportisawayofgettingtoplaceswithoutputtingaburdenontheenvironment.” 可知, 空格处引出减少碳足迹的措施, 因此E项 “Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourcarbonfootprint.” 符合语境。故选E项。

4.G　解析:根据空格后的 “Manyenvironmentalexperts,however,arguethatitoftensavesenergytobuyfoodthatisproducednaturallyinfarawayplacesincomparisonwithconsumingfoodgrownlocallyingreenhouses.” 可知, 此处是指购买当地的食物是另一种减少碳排放量的方法。故选G项。

5.D　解析:根据空格后的 “Onlyifweconcentrateonreducingcarbonemissiontogethercanwemakeourenvironmentbetter.” 可知, 此处是号召人们共同行动起来。故选D项。

Test2

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面对压力时, 人们应该采取的一些措施。

1.F　解析:根据上文的 “Intoday’sincreasinglycompetitivesociety,peopleareloadedwithagrowingamountofstress.Stresscanaffecthowyoufeel,think,andbehave.” 以及下文的 “It’sworthtakingthetimetolearndifferentstrategiesformanagingyourstress.” 可知, 上文提到压力对人们的影响, 下文则说值得花时间学习管理压力的策略, 由此可知空格处应承接上文继续说明压力对人的影响。故选F项。

2.G　解析:根据上文的 “Identifythecause.Ifyouarehavingproblemswithtensemuscles...Isityourjob,relationshiporsomethingelse?Problemscanbedividedintothreecategories...” 可知, 本段的主旨是找到压力产生的原因, 且上文提到了三类问题, 空格处为本段最后一句, 应承接上文说明应该关注第一类问题, 故G项符合语境。

3.C　解析:根据上文的 “Moveyourbody.Exercisewon’tcureyourstress...Trysomethingnew:yogamaybecalming...Don’tworsenthestressbydrinkingandsmoking.” 可知, 上文提到不要通过抽烟和喝酒加重压力, 故本句承接上文说明原因 “这些不是解决方案。”,C项的These指代上文的drinkingandsmoking。故选C项。

4.A　解析:根据下文的 “Ifyouarethekindofpersonwhoisopentoadvice,youcantalktoafriendaboutyourstress.Friendscanworkasasupportgroup...Sometimes,youcan’tseetheeasywayoutofthesituationwhenyouarestandingrightinthemiddleofit.” 可知, 下文提到可以通过向朋友倾诉自己的压力来缓解压力, 故A项符合语境。

5.E　解析:根据上文的 “Makealist.Havingtoomuchtodomaycauseyoutorusharoundbecause,ifyouaremovingfaster,itfeelsasifyouaregettingmoredone.” 可知, 你走得越快, 就会感觉你完成的事情越多。而下文则提出要列一个待办事项清单, 建议在完成一些小事情后再去做那些大的、重要的事情, 由此可知本句与上文构成转折意义, 故E项“但这是一种假象。” 符合语境。

Test3

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。遇到困难与挫折时如何让自己勇敢面对困难?文章就此提出了一些建议。

1.G　解析:根据空格前的 “Wedon’tliketotalkaboutourstruggles,choosinginsteadtoputonabraveface.” 可知, 我们不喜欢谈论遇到的困难, 却选择表现出坚强的样子。根据空格后的 “Therearemanypossiblemeanstopreventourselvesfrombeingknockeddown.” 可知, 下文给出了几种防止自己被击倒的方法。G项 “So,whenthingsstarttogetyoudownhowcanyoupickyourselfbackup?” 起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。

2.B　解析:上文的 “Hobbiesnotonlyfilltime,butalsohelptogiveyouasenseofpurposeandsomethingtobeproudof.” 与B项 “Theymaydowondersforyourmood.” 都在讲述兴趣带来的好处。故选B项。

3.D　解析:本段主题句是 “Askforhelp.”, 而D项 “Friendswillbehappytohelpandprovidesupport.” 与主题句意思一致, 选项中的help呼应主题句 “Askforhelp.”。故选D项。

4.A　解析:空格处为本段主题句。根据下文的 “Anewview,focusingontinysurprisesinourlife,canhelpyoutofeelmorepositive.” 可知, 本段的建议是欣赏生活中的小事, 而A项 “Trytoappreciatethelittlethings.” 可以概括本段内容。故选A项。

5.F　解析:根据本段主题句 “Dothingsforothers.” 可知, 下文主要介绍帮助别人的好处。F项 “Fewthingsbuildself-confidencequitelikedoingafavour.” 承接上下文。故选F项。

Test4

【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了严重完美主义的一些危害以及克服完美主义的办法。

1.E　解析:根据上文 “Haveyoueverbeenlabelleda ‘perfectionist’?Ordoyouconsideryourselftobeone?It’sinvitingtoseeperfectionismasadesirableorpositivequality.” 以及下文关于严重完美主义的弊端的内容可知,E项 “事实上, 严重完美主义可能弊大于利。” 符合此处语境。故选E项。

2.A　解析:上文的 “Healthyperfectionistswanttodeveloptheirskillscontinually.Theirstandardsarealwaysrising...desiretoimprove.Unhealthyperfectionists,however,areneversatisfiedwithwhattheyachieve.” 提到了不健康的完美主义者的表现; 下文的 “Theymayexperiencefearoffailure,anxietyandotherpainfulemotions.” 进一步列举不健康完美主义者的表现;A项中的they对应上文中的Unhealthyperfectionists, 因此A项 “如果某个东西是不完美的, 他们就拒绝它。” 符合语境。故选A项。

3.G　解析:根据下文的 “Accordingtoresearch,perfectionismislinkedtohealthissuessuchaseatingdisordersanddepression.Perfectionismcanalsoseriouslyimpactyourcreativity.” 可知, 下文列举了完美主义在健康、创造力等方面的问题, 由此可推测本句介绍了完美主义会在很多方面对你造成伤害。故选G项。

4.C　解析:根据下文的 “Youmayavoidstartinganewprojectuntilyou’vefoundthebestwaytoapproachit.Youmightalsogetcaughtupinminordetailsorrepeattasksthathavealreadybeencompleted.Asaresult,thiswastestimethatcouldhavebeenspentonmoreimportanttasks.” 可知, 完美主义因为过于追求完美, 浪费了本可以花在更重要的任务上的时间, 即完美主义会降低效率。故选C项。

5.D　解析:根据上文的 “Ifyouthinkthatyouhaveaproblemwithperfectionism,startbysettingrealisticgoals.” 可知, 如果你认为你有完美主义的问题, 可以从设立现实的目标开始。根据下文的achievingthesesmallergoals可知, 此处指把目标进行分解,D项中的them指代上文的goals。故选D项。