（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案13 Unit 2 morals and virtues 新人教版必修第三册

必修第三册　UNIT 2　MORALS AND VIRTUES

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·太原高三阶段测评)

A science teacher from rural Kenya who gives away most of his salary to help poorer students has been awarded the title of the world’s best teacher and $1 million, beating 10,000 nominations (提名)from 179 countries. Peter Tabichi,36，a maths and physics teacher at Keriko Secondary School in Pwani village，has won the Varkey Foundation Global Teacher Prize 2019.

Tabichi gives away 80% of his income to help the poorest students at the poorly-equipped and overcrowded school who could not otherwise afford uniforms and books.More than 90% of his students are from poor families and almost a third are orphans or have only one parent.Many students have to walk 7 km along roads that can become impassable in the rainy season to reach the school and the area can be affected by drought and starvation.

Despite only having one computer, a poor Internet connection and a student-teacher ratio of 58：1，Tabichi started a “talent nurturing club” and expanded the school’s science club，helping students design research projects of such high quality that many now qualify for national competitions.His students have taken part in international science competitions and won an award from the Royal Society of Chemistry after using local plant life to generate electricity(发电)．Tabichi and his four colleagues also give struggling students one-to-one tuition in maths and science, visiting students’ homes and meeting their families to identify the challenges they face.

Accepting the prize, Tabichi said Africa’s young people would no longer be held back by low expectations. “Africa will produce scientists，engineers and entrepreneurs whose names will be one day famous in every corner of the world，”he said.

语篇解读：文章讲述了来自肯尼亚乡村的教师Tabichi为帮助贫困学生捐赠了自己的大部分工资，并帮助学生设计研究项目且取得了一定成就，在2019年他被评选为“世界上最好的教师”并获得了100万美元奖金。

1．What made Peter Tabichi win the prize in 2019？__D__

A．Giving away $1 million to education.

B．Teaching in a secondary school for 36 years.

C．Fighting drought and starvation in Africa.

D．Helping the poorer students in rural Kenya.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第一句可知，来自肯尼亚乡村的教师Tabichi捐赠了自己的大部分工资，以帮助较贫困的学生，这使其获得了“世界上最好的教师”的称号和一百万美元的奖金，故选D。

2．Why did Tabichi start the “talent nurturing club”？__C__

A．To contribute most of his income.

B．To expand national competitions.

C．To assist students in designing research projects.

D．To encourage students to grasp opportunities.

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Tabichi started a’talent nurturing club’...helping students design research projects”可知，Tabichi发起“人才培养俱乐部”是为了帮助学生设计研究项目，故选C。

3．Which of the following best describes Peter Tabichi as a teacher？__B__

A．Independent.　　　　 B．Caring.

C．Humorous. 　 D．Interesting.

解析：推理判断题。第一、二段中讲到Tabichi捐赠其大部分工资以帮助贫困学生，第三段中讲到Tabichi发起“人才培养俱乐部”等来帮助学生设计研究项目，并对学习有困难的学生进行一对一的辅导，他还进行家访以此来发现学生面临的挑战，由此可推知，Tabichi作为老师，非常体贴、关怀学生。故选B。

4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？__D__

A．African education cost is expected to get lower.

B．Africa is in desperate need of young scientists.

C．Tabichi is not pleased until he is known worldwide.

D．Tabichi has high expectations of young Africans.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Tabichi所说的话可知，非洲年轻人将不再被低期望阻碍，非洲将会培养出很多世界知名的科学家、工程师和企业家，由此可推知，他对非洲的年轻人寄予了厚望，故选D。

B

(2022·吉林省白城市洮南一中高三上学期第二次考试)

When Tom was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when Tom reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood friends. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant, the psychologist who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them. ”

Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly_sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了从小开始帮忙做事的孩子建立起了较强的责任感、独立、自信以及其他能力，这些孩子能够容易与更广泛的人群建立良好的人际关系，拥有更美满的婚姻和生活。

5．What do we know about Tom？__C__

A．He received little love from his family.

B．He had few childhood friends.

C．He enjoyed his career and marriage.

D．He was envied by others in his childhood.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.可知，Tom对工作更满意，婚姻更幸福而且也更健康。C符合以上说法，故选C。

6．Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by __B__.

A．recording the boys’ effort in school

B．comparing different sets of scores

C．evaluating the men’s mental health

D．measuring the men’s problem-solving ability

解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.可知，Vaillant的研究是通过对比不同的得分来获得发现。B符合以上说法，故选B。

7．What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4？__A__

A．Clear and definite B．Quick to react

C．Having a thin edge D．Sudden and rapid

解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知，这些人在孩童时期的行为和成年后的表现之间的联系是惊人的sharp。那些在童年时代参加过更多活动的人，与各种各样的人之间建立联系的可能性是其他人的两倍，获得高薪的可能性是其他人的五倍，失业的可能性比其他人小16倍。根据句意猜测划线部分的意思是“明显的”。A符合以上说法，故选A。

8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph？__B__

A．Competent adults know more about love than work.

B．Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

C．Love brings more joy to people than work does.

D．Independence is the key to one’s success.

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.可推测，童年活动——心理健康的基础是成年后成功生活的必要条件。B符合以上推测，故选B。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2022·辽宁省各校高三第二次联合考试)

How should you view this pandemic situation? You shouldn’t look at this situation as a force that drags you down.__1.F__ If so, it will take your life to the next level. Here are some tips on how to reinvent yourself.

Identify your core (核心) skills.

Reinventing yourself means taking a new direction. Most likely, though, it will be based on the foundation (基础) that you have built before. __2.E__ Therefore, you need to look beneath the surface. For instance, you might think that your skill is writing articles but your core skill may actually be connecting different ideas and communicating them.

Imagine new possibilities.

Having identified your core skills, you can then imagine new possibilities. How can you use your core skills to provide value for people in a new way? Be creative in your imagination. Don’t let negative voices stop it.__3.C__

Be resourceful.

__4.G__ Rather than avoiding them, expect them and be prepared. The key here is to be resourceful. I love the dictionary definition of resourceful having the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties.

__5.A__

Going in a new direction isn’t easy. There are pitfalls (陷阱) along the way. If you aren’t careful, you could pursue one thing at the expense of other more meaningful things in your life. That’s why it’s essential that you spend time reflecting. It could be in the form of prayer, journaling, or something else. The important thing is that you take time to reconnect with your deepest values.

A．Take time to reflect.

B．Figure out your true value.

C．Let it go to unexpected directions.

D．Luckily, you still own your core skills.

E．One such foundation is your core skills.

F．Instead, view it as your chance to do something new.

G．Like it or not, there will be difficulties along the way.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何面对困境，充实改造自己的几条具体建议。

解析：

1．根据前文“You shouldn’t look at this situation as a force that drags you down.”和后文“If so, it will take your life to the next level.”可知，选项与上文为转折关系且承接下文。it指代上文的境遇(situation)”。故F选项“相反，把它看作是你尝试新事物的机会。”切题。故选F。

2．根据前文“Reinventing yourself means taking a new direction. Most likely, though, it will be based on the foundation (基础) that you have built before.”可知，选项承接上文，说明基础是什么。故E选项切题。foundation呼应such foundation。小标题中的core skills呼应 core (核心) skills。故选E。

3．根据前文“Having identified your core skills, you can then imagine new possibilities. How can you use your core skills to provide value for people in a new way? Be creative in your imagination. Don’t let negative voices stop it.”可知，选项承接上文，it是关键词。故C选项切题。故选C。

4．根据后文“Rather than avoiding them, expect them and be prepared.”可知，选项承接上文说明一路上都有困难。them指代上文的difficulties。故G选项切题。故选G。

5．根据前文小标题“Identify your core (核心) skills.”和“Imagine new possibilities.”和后文“That’s why it’s essential that you spend time reflecting.”可知，该段主要建议各位读者要善于思考反思，作好总结。故选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2022·唐山市第一次模拟)

The rise in children’s screen time has brought about calls for __1.greater__(great) interaction and more outdoor exercise to improve learning and guard __2.against__ the spread of shortsightedness.

Time spent online __3.has_increased__(increase) dramatically in the past years. Millions of pupils have been forced __4.to_switch__(switch) to remote learning, according to Qustodio software, __5.which__ tracks usage of devices by children aged 4 to 15 in the U．K., the U．S. and Spain.

One area of concern is eyesight. More occurrence of children’s nearsightedness is likely caused by being kept at home with schoolwork delivered online. It is uncertain __6.whether__ the rise is caused by more time spent on screens or less time outdoors, but previous studies have suggested daylight __7.exposure__(expose) is key.

Another concern is about sleep problems among children. It is definitely clinically significant. There’s evidence that shows a sharp increase in children with sleep problems. A number of __8.factors__(factor) may account for it, with increased screen time being __9.one__.

Parents also worry about the impact of too much screen time on children’s mental and emotional development. Instead of interactions with their class, spending hours __10.passively__(passive) sitting in front of a screen may lead to stress and other mental health problems.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。调查研究发现，现在孩子们花在电子设备上的时间过长，并引起了大家的担心——视力的下降和睡眠问题，同时父母们也担心孩子的精神健康问题，从而呼吁要增加和孩子们的交流和室外活动。

解析：

1．考查形容词的比较级。句意：孩子们花在电子设备上的时间越来越多，(人们)呼吁加强相互交流，增加户外活动，以提高学习成绩和预防近视蔓延。根据下文的more和句意可知，此处含有比较意义，设空处应用比较级。故填greater。

2．考查介词。句意见上一题。guard against sth.意为“防止；防范某事”，为固定搭配。故填against。

3．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，花在网上的时间急剧增加。根据时间状语in the past years 可知，increase表示的动作已发生，且对现在造成影响，此处应用现在完成时；且主语Time为不可数名词，和 increase之间是主动关系。故填has increased。

4．考查非谓语动词。句意：Qustodio(上网监控)软件对英国、美国和西班牙四岁到十五岁孩子电子设备使用情况跟踪调查发现，数以百万计的小学生被迫转换到远程学习。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to switch。

5．考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Qustodio software，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。故填which。

6．考查名词性从句。句意：(近视发病率的)上升是因为长时间看电子屏幕造成的还是因为缺乏户外活动造成的还不确定，但是先前的研究表明日光照射是关键。分析句子结构可知，本句的It为形式主语，设空处应是主语从句的引导词，根据后面的or及句意可知，设空处表示“是否”。故填whether。

7．考查名词。句意见上一题解析。设空处作从句的主语，其前有daylight修饰，应用名词形式。故填exposure。

8．考查名词单复数。句意：这个(睡眠)问题可能有很多因素来解释，其中一个因素就是增加了的屏幕时间。factor意为“因素”，为可数名词；a number of意为“许多”，修饰可数名词复数，设空处应用复数形式。故填factors。

9．考查代词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，with increased screen time being ________是with的复合结构，根据句意可知，increased screen time应是上面提到的许多因素(factors)之一，也就是a factor，但是没有提示词的小题只能填一个词。故填one。

10．考查副词。句意：不和同学互动，而是被动地坐在屏幕前好几个小时可能会导致压力和其他精神健康问题。设空处修饰动词sitting，应用副词。故填passively。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

(2021·山东青岛市高三期末)

假定你是校学生会主席李华，你打算在寒假组织一批志愿者到养老院做志愿服务。请以Volunteer Activity at a Nursing Home为题，给二十一世纪报写一篇英文稿件。内容包括：

1．活动时间和地点；

2．活动内容：打扫房间、清理冰雪、读报纸、帮助老人使用手机的微信等功能。

3．你的感想。

注意：1.词数80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Volunteer Activity at a Nursing Home

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参考范文：

Volunteer Activity at a Nursing Home

We’re in need of twenty volunteers for a visit to the nursing home in the suburb, which is to be held in the winter holiday.

Volunteers can offer a variety of services.Some can help the elderly clean their rooms and clean up the snow and ice, while

 others can read newspapers to them.In addition, some volunteers can teach the elderly how to use WeChat and other functions in mobile phone.

Welcome to join us, and we believe you will benefit a lot from this activity.

Student Union