还剩8页未读，
继续阅读
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
译林版2019选修四UNIT 1 泛读 技能初养成学案
展开
这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 1 泛读 技能初养成学案，共11页。
阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why the lecture mentined a ship withut an anchr?
A．T stress the imprtance f prcesses．
B．T stress the imprtance f respnsibility．
C．T stress the imprtance f successes．
D．T stress the imprtance f failures．
2．Accrding t the passage，which des nt belng t the meaning f taking respnsibility fr students' studies?
A．T practice the virtue f curage．
B．T meet deadlines fr yur hmewrk．
C．T fllw yur teachers' guidance．
D．T aim fr academic excellence．
[答案] 1—2 BA
Wrds and Phrases
知识要点1 resign vt．&vi．辞职，辞去
(教材原句P6)Eventually he resigned his pst in the UK and returned t China t wrk at Jilin University in Changchun．
最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国长春的吉林大学工作。
[例] Smebdy in the knw tld me he's ging t resign．
有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。
[知识拓展]
(1)resign (ne's pst) as．．．辞去……职务
resign as sth．辞职；辞去(某职务)
resign neself t 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
resign neself t (ding) sth．听任；顺从
(2)resigned adj．屈服的；顺从的；无奈的
(3)resignatin n．辞职；辞呈
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He had resigned himself t watching(watch) the Eurpean Champinships n televisin．
②He resigned as Hme Secretary and returned t the back benches．
③There were calls fr her resignatin(resign) frm the bard f directrs．
知识要点2 guilty adj．感到内疚，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
(教材原句P7)I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans．
我很内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝。
[例] The jury fund the defendant nt guilty f the ffence．
陪审团裁决被告无罪。
[知识拓展]
(1)be guilty f犯……罪的
be/feel guilty abut．．．对……感到内疚
(2)guilt n．内疚；犯罪；罪行
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was fund guilty f handling stlen gds．
②She feels guilty abut spending less time lately with her tw kids．
知识要点3 ashamed adj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
(教材原句P7)I was s ashamed f myself．
我为自己感到羞愧。
[例] His daughter lked such a mess that he was ashamed f her．
他为女儿的邋遢样子感到羞愧。
[知识拓展]
(1)be ashamed f (ding) sth．因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed t d sth．耻于做某事；因难为情而不
愿做某事
be ashamed that．．．对……感到内疚
(2)shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
(3)shameful adj．不体面的
shameless adj．不知羞耻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was ashamed f having failed/failing(fail) in the examinatin．
②She was ashamed t tell(tell) anyne that she had fallen in lve with him．
③It is a shame that yu can't stay with us．
[小片段填空]
Didn't yu feel ashamed f yurself when yu did the shameful thing！What a shame that yu shuld be such a cruel man！(shame)
知识要点4 frgive vt．&vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
(教材原句P7)I hpe my fans can frgive me．
我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。
[例] I'd never frgive myself if she heard the truth frm smene else．
如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。
[知识拓展]
(1)frgive sb．sth． 原谅某人某事
frgive sb．fr (ding) sth．因(做)某事原谅某人
frgive and frget既往不咎
(2)frgiveness n．原谅；饶恕
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Frgive me fr interrupting(interrupt)，but I really dn't agree with that．
②Wuld they frgive and frget(他们会既往不咎) r shw him the dr?
③They went dwn n their knees and begged fr frgiveness (frgive)．
知识要点5 disappinted adj．失望的，沮丧的
(教材原句P8)Frankly speaking，I was disappinted but I smiled as bradly as I culd．
说实话，我有些失望，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。
[例] He was disappinted t see she wasn't at the party．
看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。
[知识拓展]
(1)disappint vt．使失望
(2)disappinting adj．令人失望的
(3)disappintment n．失望；灰心
t ne's disappintment令某人失望的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The utcme f the curt case was disappinting(disappint) fr the family invlved．
②T ur great disappintment(disappint)，it rained every day f the trip．
[小片段填空]
The by was disappinted at the disappinting news．T his disappintment，he culd nt g n the jurney．(disappint)
知识要点6 pretend vi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
(教材原句P8)Then I walked away，pretending nt t have heard anything．
然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。
[例] He pretended t his family that everything was fine．
他对家人佯称一切都好。
[知识拓展]
pretend t d sth．假装做某事
pretend t be＋n．自诩/自称/自认为……
pretend t be ding sth．假装正在做某事
pretend t have dne sth．假装做了某事
pretend that．．．假装……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She pretended t be studying(study) when his mther came back．
②The by pretended t have fallen(fall) asleep when his father came back．
③He pretended t be a reprter(他自称是记者) and managed t get in．
知识要点7 mercy n．仁慈，宽恕
(教材原句P11)A ship withut an anchr is at the mercy f the waves and winds．．．
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布……
[例] After the bat's mtr failed，they were at the mercy f the weather．
船的马达坏了，他们只能听命于天气了。
[知识拓展]
(1)withut mercy残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy f任……处置，对……无能为力
shw mercy t．．．怜悯……
have mercy n对……表示怜悯
(2)merciful adj．仁慈的；宽容的
merciless adj．无情的，残忍的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He shwed mercy t the thief and let him g．
②Yu tell me what I need t knw and I'll be merciful(mercy)．
③Fishermen are always at the mercy f the frce f nature(任由自然力量的摆布)．
知识要点8 discuraged adj．灰心的
(教材原句P12)Hwever，the by was nt discuraged，believing that he culd made a difference t the nes that he saved．
然而，男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能够改变被他救起的海星。
[例] Dn't be discuraged by the first failure—try again!
不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气——再试一次吧！
[知识拓展]
(1)discurage vt．使丧失勇气；使泄气；
使气馁；阻拦，劝阻
discurage sb．frm ding sth．劝阻某人干某事
(2)discuragement n．挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，
扫兴(的事)
(3)discuraging adj．令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His parents discuraged him frm jining(jin) the air frce．
②If yu meet with any difficulty in yur study，dn't be discuraged(discurage)．
③I shuldn't have made thse discuraging(discurage) remarks．
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 nt．．．withut．．．
(教材原句P12)A man cannt be perfected withut trials．
一个人不经考验是不可能完美的。
句式分析：本句中的nt．．．withut．．．意为“没有……就不能……”，是一个双重否定结构，表示肯定。双重否定常用nt，never，nthing加介词withut或具有否定意义的派生词来表示。
[例1] She never ges anywhere withut her laptp cmputer．
她身边总是带着笔记本电脑。
[例2] At that mment I knew if I set my mind t smething，nthing is impssible．
在那一刻我意识到如果我下定决心做一件事，一切皆有可能。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：
n(nt)．．．n(nt)．．．没有……没有……
n/never．．．withut．．．没有……不……
nthing．．．nt/n．．．没有……不……
(2)常见的否定形式表示肯定意义的结构还有：
can nt/never．．．t．．．越……越……；无论……也不过分
can't wait t d sth．迫不及待地做某事
can't help ding sth．情不自禁地做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hearing the wrd，he can nt help laughing(laugh)．
②Hard wrk results in success and yu can achieve nthing withut making any effrt(你没有做出努力就不能实现任何事情)．
③Yu can nt be t careful(你再怎么小心也不过分) while crssing the busy street．
篇章结构题
此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查学生的阅读理解能力。
解题技巧——把脉络看结构
篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：
(1)Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in this passage?
(2)Which f the fllwing shws the rganizatin/structure f the (whle) passage?
因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：
注意：
1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分，分—总，总—分—总”的框架。
2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：
(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；
(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；
(3)例证关系：列举事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；
(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。
[例文]
Careers in zlgy are extremely varied and unique，and can prvide incredible learning and wrk pprtunities fr anyne devted t animal studies and welfare．Zlgy，r the study f animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，cnservatin，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care f animals．Fr peple with a lve f animals and sme training，dreams f careers in zlgy may cme true．
Sme careers in zlgy fcus n research and scientific studies．These careers may allw thse with a gd theretical science backgrund t develp and run studies that imprve human understanding f the animal wrld．Research in zlgy can help create safer and mre effective prducts fr animals r can teach humans mre abut animal behavir in rder t aid in cnservatin，breeding prgrams，and habitat preservatin．
Careers in zlgy that fcus n cnservatin attach great imprtance t the cntinued survival and increased prtectin f animal species．Cnservatinists may wrk with plitical grups r gvernments t help make laws t prtect and preserve animals，r may wrk in the field gathering infrmatin n ptential threats t the health f glbal ecsystems．Sme cnservatinists wrk in educatinal fields，trying t imprve human effrts t save animals frm extinctin．
Animals are subject t illness and injury，and sme careers in zlgy help t create a safe，stable animal ppulatin．Veterinary medicine is an imprtant specialty field，and may take several years f intensive training t qualify as a certified veterinarian．While many veterinarians fcus n the smallanimal practice f dmestic pets，vets in rural areas ften wrk with large farm animals and mre adventurus veterinarians may wrk with extic species in zs and wildlife preserves．
Humans lve t bserve animals，and mdernday zs and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while prviding facilities t assist with cnservatin prgrams．Zlgy careers in zs can range frm verseeing breeding prgrams，t creating the prper diet fr a deer，r t cleaning the tiger's cage．Many vlunteer and entrylevel jbs are available fr peple that lve animals．
★Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle passage?
(P1＝paragraph 1；P2＝paragraph 2；P3＝paragraph 3；P4＝paragraph 4；P5＝paragraph 5)
A B
C D
A [通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述；第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]
[即学即练]
Antarctic animals are expsed t sme f the cldest envirnments n earth．Animals survive in these severe cnditins by reducing the percentage f bdy heat that is lst t the envirnment．
Many Antarctic animals have either a windprf r waterprf cat．Emperr penguins are a very gd example f this．These birds have fur layers f scalelike feathers．These layers verlap each ther，frming a gd prtectin frm the wind，even in snwstrm cnditins．
Whales，seals and sme penguins have thick fat layers．This is a little like cvering yurself in a blanket，but n the inside．In sme animals this is even further imprved，with the animals selectively able t reduce the bld flw t the fat layers．The further the bld is frm the skin surface，the less the heat is lst．Fat layers can als be used as energy reserves，fr example，male elephant seals can live ff their fat reserves during summer．
The term “extremities” is used t mean any bdy part that is furthest away frm the main bdy．In humans，ur hands and feet cunt as “extremities”．These are ften the first places t feel cld in winter．The same applies t animals．Emperr penguins have very small bills(喙) and feet，which means less bld is required t these areas．
Emperr penguins are highly adapted t cld envirnments—and as the nly warmblded animal that prduces yung penguins during the Antarctic winter，they need t be．In additin t the adaptatin described abve，emperr penguins als have nses which recver much f the heat lst thrugh breathing．
As with the physical means，emperr penguins have unique behaviral adaptatin that enables them t survive the unkind winter．Emperr penguins frm large huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西)．Nt nly des this share bdy warmth，but it als shelters many f the penguins frm the effects f the wind．Huddling can reduce heat lss by up t 50%．
★Which shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?
A B
C D
I：Intrductin
P：Pint
Sp：Subpint(次要点)
C：Cnclusin
B [篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Intrductin)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical adaptatin(Pint 1)和行为上的适应手段behaviral adaptatin(Pint 2)。第二至五段是Pint 1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windprf r waterprf cats，thick fat layers，small extremities，emperr penguins' nses；第六段就是Pint 2。故选B项。]
阅读“Extended reading”中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．Why the lecture mentined a ship withut an anchr?
A．T stress the imprtance f prcesses．
B．T stress the imprtance f respnsibility．
C．T stress the imprtance f successes．
D．T stress the imprtance f failures．
2．Accrding t the passage，which des nt belng t the meaning f taking respnsibility fr students' studies?
A．T practice the virtue f curage．
B．T meet deadlines fr yur hmewrk．
C．T fllw yur teachers' guidance．
D．T aim fr academic excellence．
[答案] 1—2 BA
Wrds and Phrases
知识要点1 resign vt．&vi．辞职，辞去
(教材原句P6)Eventually he resigned his pst in the UK and returned t China t wrk at Jilin University in Changchun．
最终，他辞去了在英国的职位，回到中国长春的吉林大学工作。
[例] Smebdy in the knw tld me he's ging t resign．
有知情者告诉我他要辞职了。
[知识拓展]
(1)resign (ne's pst) as．．．辞去……职务
resign as sth．辞职；辞去(某职务)
resign neself t 听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)
resign neself t (ding) sth．听任；顺从
(2)resigned adj．屈服的；顺从的；无奈的
(3)resignatin n．辞职；辞呈
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He had resigned himself t watching(watch) the Eurpean Champinships n televisin．
②He resigned as Hme Secretary and returned t the back benches．
③There were calls fr her resignatin(resign) frm the bard f directrs．
知识要点2 guilty adj．感到内疚，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的
(教材原句P7)I was feeling guilty because I was cheating my fans．
我很内疚，因为我欺骗了我的粉丝。
[例] The jury fund the defendant nt guilty f the ffence．
陪审团裁决被告无罪。
[知识拓展]
(1)be guilty f犯……罪的
be/feel guilty abut．．．对……感到内疚
(2)guilt n．内疚；犯罪；罪行
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①He was fund guilty f handling stlen gds．
②She feels guilty abut spending less time lately with her tw kids．
知识要点3 ashamed adj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
(教材原句P7)I was s ashamed f myself．
我为自己感到羞愧。
[例] His daughter lked such a mess that he was ashamed f her．
他为女儿的邋遢样子感到羞愧。
[知识拓展]
(1)be ashamed f (ding) sth．因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed t d sth．耻于做某事；因难为情而不
愿做某事
be ashamed that．．．对……感到内疚
(2)shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
(3)shameful adj．不体面的
shameless adj．不知羞耻的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①She was ashamed f having failed/failing(fail) in the examinatin．
②She was ashamed t tell(tell) anyne that she had fallen in lve with him．
③It is a shame that yu can't stay with us．
[小片段填空]
Didn't yu feel ashamed f yurself when yu did the shameful thing！What a shame that yu shuld be such a cruel man！(shame)
知识要点4 frgive vt．&vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
(教材原句P7)I hpe my fans can frgive me．
我希望我的粉丝们能原谅我。
[例] I'd never frgive myself if she heard the truth frm smene else．
如果她从别人那里听到了真相，我永远不会原谅自己。
[知识拓展]
(1)frgive sb．sth． 原谅某人某事
frgive sb．fr (ding) sth．因(做)某事原谅某人
frgive and frget既往不咎
(2)frgiveness n．原谅；饶恕
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Frgive me fr interrupting(interrupt)，but I really dn't agree with that．
②Wuld they frgive and frget(他们会既往不咎) r shw him the dr?
③They went dwn n their knees and begged fr frgiveness (frgive)．
知识要点5 disappinted adj．失望的，沮丧的
(教材原句P8)Frankly speaking，I was disappinted but I smiled as bradly as I culd．
说实话，我有些失望，但我还是尽量让自己笑容满面。
[例] He was disappinted t see she wasn't at the party．
看到她没来参加晚会，他感到很失望。
[知识拓展]
(1)disappint vt．使失望
(2)disappinting adj．令人失望的
(3)disappintment n．失望；灰心
t ne's disappintment令某人失望的是
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The utcme f the curt case was disappinting(disappint) fr the family invlved．
②T ur great disappintment(disappint)，it rained every day f the trip．
[小片段填空]
The by was disappinted at the disappinting news．T his disappintment，he culd nt g n the jurney．(disappint)
知识要点6 pretend vi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为
(教材原句P8)Then I walked away，pretending nt t have heard anything．
然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。
[例] He pretended t his family that everything was fine．
他对家人佯称一切都好。
[知识拓展]
pretend t d sth．假装做某事
pretend t be＋n．自诩/自称/自认为……
pretend t be ding sth．假装正在做某事
pretend t have dne sth．假装做了某事
pretend that．．．假装……
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①She pretended t be studying(study) when his mther came back．
②The by pretended t have fallen(fall) asleep when his father came back．
③He pretended t be a reprter(他自称是记者) and managed t get in．
知识要点7 mercy n．仁慈，宽恕
(教材原句P11)A ship withut an anchr is at the mercy f the waves and winds．．．
没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布……
[例] After the bat's mtr failed，they were at the mercy f the weather．
船的马达坏了，他们只能听命于天气了。
[知识拓展]
(1)withut mercy残忍地；毫无同情心地
at the mercy f任……处置，对……无能为力
shw mercy t．．．怜悯……
have mercy n对……表示怜悯
(2)merciful adj．仁慈的；宽容的
merciless adj．无情的，残忍的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He shwed mercy t the thief and let him g．
②Yu tell me what I need t knw and I'll be merciful(mercy)．
③Fishermen are always at the mercy f the frce f nature(任由自然力量的摆布)．
知识要点8 discuraged adj．灰心的
(教材原句P12)Hwever，the by was nt discuraged，believing that he culd made a difference t the nes that he saved．
然而，男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能够改变被他救起的海星。
[例] Dn't be discuraged by the first failure—try again!
不要因第一次失败就灰心丧气——再试一次吧！
[知识拓展]
(1)discurage vt．使丧失勇气；使泄气；
使气馁；阻拦，劝阻
discurage sb．frm ding sth．劝阻某人干某事
(2)discuragement n．挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，
扫兴(的事)
(3)discuraging adj．令人泄气的，令人沮丧的
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①His parents discuraged him frm jining(jin) the air frce．
②If yu meet with any difficulty in yur study，dn't be discuraged(discurage)．
③I shuldn't have made thse discuraging(discurage) remarks．
Sentence Pattern
重点句式 nt．．．withut．．．
(教材原句P12)A man cannt be perfected withut trials．
一个人不经考验是不可能完美的。
句式分析：本句中的nt．．．withut．．．意为“没有……就不能……”，是一个双重否定结构，表示肯定。双重否定常用nt，never，nthing加介词withut或具有否定意义的派生词来表示。
[例1] She never ges anywhere withut her laptp cmputer．
她身边总是带着笔记本电脑。
[例2] At that mment I knew if I set my mind t smething，nthing is impssible．
在那一刻我意识到如果我下定决心做一件事，一切皆有可能。
[知识拓展]
(1)常见的双重否定结构还有：
n(nt)．．．n(nt)．．．没有……没有……
n/never．．．withut．．．没有……不……
nthing．．．nt/n．．．没有……不……
(2)常见的否定形式表示肯定意义的结构还有：
can nt/never．．．t．．．越……越……；无论……也不过分
can't wait t d sth．迫不及待地做某事
can't help ding sth．情不自禁地做某事
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Hearing the wrd，he can nt help laughing(laugh)．
②Hard wrk results in success and yu can achieve nthing withut making any effrt(你没有做出努力就不能实现任何事情)．
③Yu can nt be t careful(你再怎么小心也不过分) while crssing the busy street．
篇章结构题
此类题目能全面地、深层次地考查学生的阅读理解能力。
解题技巧——把脉络看结构
篇章结构题主要是针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的展开层次所设置的问题。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构；二是按写作手法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。设问形式常有：
(1)Which f the fllwing shws the develpment f ideas in this passage?
(2)Which f the fllwing shws the rganizatin/structure f the (whle) passage?
因此这类题的解题方法也分为两种：
注意：
1．文章的段落组织通常采用“总—分，分—总，总—分—总”的框架。
2．内容的展开则常用以下手法：
(1)时间顺序：按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展情况；
(2)空间顺序：按照事物的空间结构顺序进行描写或说明；
(3)例证关系：列举事物用来论证观点，通常是数据、事例等；
(4)对比或类比关系：这类文章通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。
[例文]
Careers in zlgy are extremely varied and unique，and can prvide incredible learning and wrk pprtunities fr anyne devted t animal studies and welfare．Zlgy，r the study f animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，cnservatin，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care f animals．Fr peple with a lve f animals and sme training，dreams f careers in zlgy may cme true．
Sme careers in zlgy fcus n research and scientific studies．These careers may allw thse with a gd theretical science backgrund t develp and run studies that imprve human understanding f the animal wrld．Research in zlgy can help create safer and mre effective prducts fr animals r can teach humans mre abut animal behavir in rder t aid in cnservatin，breeding prgrams，and habitat preservatin．
Careers in zlgy that fcus n cnservatin attach great imprtance t the cntinued survival and increased prtectin f animal species．Cnservatinists may wrk with plitical grups r gvernments t help make laws t prtect and preserve animals，r may wrk in the field gathering infrmatin n ptential threats t the health f glbal ecsystems．Sme cnservatinists wrk in educatinal fields，trying t imprve human effrts t save animals frm extinctin．
Animals are subject t illness and injury，and sme careers in zlgy help t create a safe，stable animal ppulatin．Veterinary medicine is an imprtant specialty field，and may take several years f intensive training t qualify as a certified veterinarian．While many veterinarians fcus n the smallanimal practice f dmestic pets，vets in rural areas ften wrk with large farm animals and mre adventurus veterinarians may wrk with extic species in zs and wildlife preserves．
Humans lve t bserve animals，and mdernday zs and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while prviding facilities t assist with cnservatin prgrams．Zlgy careers in zs can range frm verseeing breeding prgrams，t creating the prper diet fr a deer，r t cleaning the tiger's cage．Many vlunteer and entrylevel jbs are available fr peple that lve animals．
★Which f the fllwing shws the structure f the whle passage?
(P1＝paragraph 1；P2＝paragraph 2；P3＝paragraph 3；P4＝paragraph 4；P5＝paragraph 5)
A B
C D
A [通读全文，把握各段大意可知：第一段介绍了动物学方面的职业是多样而独特的，是总述；第二段从研究方面介绍；第三段介绍了自然保护的动物学工作；第四段是兽医学可以保护动物健康的介绍；第五段讲述了现代的动物园和野生动物保护区既有助于满足人们的兴趣，又提供了一些设施来帮助保护动物。分析每一段的关系发现：后面四个段落从不同的角度对第一段进行了分述，所以这篇文章是“总—分”结构，A项图例符合文章结构。故选A。]
[即学即练]
Antarctic animals are expsed t sme f the cldest envirnments n earth．Animals survive in these severe cnditins by reducing the percentage f bdy heat that is lst t the envirnment．
Many Antarctic animals have either a windprf r waterprf cat．Emperr penguins are a very gd example f this．These birds have fur layers f scalelike feathers．These layers verlap each ther，frming a gd prtectin frm the wind，even in snwstrm cnditins．
Whales，seals and sme penguins have thick fat layers．This is a little like cvering yurself in a blanket，but n the inside．In sme animals this is even further imprved，with the animals selectively able t reduce the bld flw t the fat layers．The further the bld is frm the skin surface，the less the heat is lst．Fat layers can als be used as energy reserves，fr example，male elephant seals can live ff their fat reserves during summer．
The term “extremities” is used t mean any bdy part that is furthest away frm the main bdy．In humans，ur hands and feet cunt as “extremities”．These are ften the first places t feel cld in winter．The same applies t animals．Emperr penguins have very small bills(喙) and feet，which means less bld is required t these areas．
Emperr penguins are highly adapted t cld envirnments—and as the nly warmblded animal that prduces yung penguins during the Antarctic winter，they need t be．In additin t the adaptatin described abve，emperr penguins als have nses which recver much f the heat lst thrugh breathing．
As with the physical means，emperr penguins have unique behaviral adaptatin that enables them t survive the unkind winter．Emperr penguins frm large huddles(挤在一起的一群人或东西)．Nt nly des this share bdy warmth，but it als shelters many f the penguins frm the effects f the wind．Huddling can reduce heat lss by up t 50%．
★Which shws the develpment f ideas in the passage?
A B
C D
I：Intrductin
P：Pint
Sp：Subpint(次要点)
C：Cnclusin
B [篇章结构题。第一段是文章的主旨段并引出下文(Intrductin)，南极动物通过减少身体热量损失在严寒中生存。下文分为两个要点，即身体上的适应手段physical adaptatin(Pint 1)和行为上的适应手段behaviral adaptatin(Pint 2)。第二至五段是Pint 1的四个次要点，介绍四种身体上的适应手段——windprf r waterprf cats，thick fat layers，small extremities，emperr penguins' nses；第六段就是Pint 2。故选B项。]
相关学案
译林版2019选修四UNIT 2 泛读 技能初养成学案： 这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 2 泛读 技能初养成学案，共8页。
译林版2019选修四UNIT 4 泛读 技能初养成学案： 这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 4 泛读 技能初养成学案，共6页。
译林版2019选修四UNIT 3 泛读 技能初养成学案： 这是一份译林版2019选修四UNIT 3 泛读 技能初养成学案，共6页。
